Euphorbia nivulia, Patrashuhi, katathohar

  Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonym: Euphorbia helicothele Lem.

English: Common milk hedge, Indian Spurge Tree
Hindi: काटाथोहार, katathohar
Malayalam: Kallippala, Elakkalli, Ilakalli
Sanskrit: vajri, Patrashuhi
Telugu: బొగ్గు జిల్లేడు

Description
Large erect, fleshy deciduous, shrubs; branches terete; spines straight, 3-6 mm long, paired on flat corky base. Leaves alternate, sessile, 7-18 x 3-6.5 cm, oblanceolate-oblong or obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse, fleshy. Cyathia usually paired, in subterminal cymes. Involucre broadly cupular, yellow; lobes fimbriate; glands 5, transversely oblong, fleshy, appendage absent. Male flowers with sterile florets, bracteolate. Female florets laterally pendulous. Style stout, branched above; stigmatic lobes flattened and slightly expanded. Capsule c. 5 mm across, 3-lobed. Seeds 4-angular, smooth.

Uses: Expectorant, digestive, stomachic, abortive [Medicinal  Plants]

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Plant juice given to drink for cough, fever in children. Milky latex applied to cure scorpion stings,  bone  fracture,  rheumatism,  itch  and  skin  diseases. Stem bark powder mixed with goat milk and jaggery and the paste applied over the bone fracture. Leaves juice employed in earache and on mumps, mixed with neem oil applied in rheumatism; leaves warmed in mustard oil applied in cold and  headache.  Veterinary  medicine,  latex  applied  to  treat wounds of cattle. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Latex—used for treating jaundice, dropsy, enlargement of liver and spleen; colic; syphilis, leprosy; applied to haemorrhoids. Coagulated latex is used for bronchitis. Leaf—juice is used as a purgative. Warmed in mustard
oil, applied in cold and headache. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

22 Published articles of Euphorbia nivulia

Clematis gouriana, morata, Churanhar

Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC.
Family: Ranunculaceae

Common name: Gourian Clematis, Indian travelers's joy
Bengali: Chagalboti
Hindi: Belkum, Churanhar
Kannada: telajadari, thalejadari
Konkani: shendvel
Malayalam: Nikidakodi
Marathi: गोमेटी gometi, मोरवेल morvel
Nepali: जुंगॆ लहरा Junge lahara
Oriya: Idiya
Sanskrit: मोरट morata
Telugu: పేడుతివ pedutiwa, గౌరితీగ Gouriteega

Other Indian names: attumesaikodi, baelkan, bel kangu, belkangu, belkum, boromojhanti, chabru, cheerappookodi, chibru, churanhar, dehra, devi, dun, gokarni, gowri kunthala, idiya, jhol, jyrmi bytengdoh, kanguli, madhulika, madhurasa, madhusreni, maruvel, mookuvali talai, mor-vel, morabela, morata, moriel, moriyal, morvel, moryel, murva, pannedang, pedutivva, piluparni, poovalli, ranjai, ranjaayi, shend-vel, sruva, talajadhri, talazadari, tejani, telasadari, telejadari, totul, udurumbe soppu, udurumber soppu, yidya

Description: Climbing herbs; young branches pubescent. Leaflets 3-7, 4-6 x 1.5-3 cm, ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base, nerves tomentose below. Panicles drooping, terminal and axillary, tomentose. Flowers white, 1 cm across; sepals 7 x 4 mm, oblong, obtuse, pubescent; stamens many, filaments 8 mm long, glabrous; carpels 10-15, pubescent. Achenes 3 x 1 mm, ovoid, hairy; style persistent, ca. 30 mm long.

Used in Ayurveda. Whole plant said to be poisonous; stem and leaves bitter; the juice of freshly crushed leaves and stems has a vesicant blistering action. Whole plant juice applied on forehead for cold, headache, wound healing, antimicrobial.  Leaf  extract  applied  externally  for  eczema,  boils,  itches;  leaf  paste  applied  to  scabies,  cuts  and  wounds;  powdered  leaves taken like snuff for sinusitis. Leaves of Clematis and Dioscorea crushed together and juice dropped in the nose for epilepsy. Flowers keep off insects. Roots decoction given in stomachache. Veterinary medicine, stem and leaves bitter used as stomachic. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Antiinfection, alleviates pain, inflammation, skin disorders; antitoxic; resolves extravasate blood, rheumatic pain. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

11 Published articles of Clematis gouriana

Cicer arietinum Chickpea Bengal gram

 Cicer arietinum L.
Family: Leguminosae

Common name: Chickpea, Bengal gram, Gram
Arabic: حمص_(نبات)
Bengali: বুত Boot
Chinese: 鸡豆
Finnish: Kahviherne
French: Pois Chiche
German: Kichererbse
Gujarati: Chania
Gujarati: ચણા
Hindi: चना Chana
Kannada: ಕಡಲೆ Kadale
Malayalam: കടല
Manipuri: চনা Chana
Marathi: हरभरा Harbhara
Sanskrit: Jivana, चणकः Chanakah
Sinhala: කඩල
Swedish: kikärt
Tamil: கடலை Katalai
Telugu: శనగలు Sanagalu
Urdu: چنا

Description: Annual, Herbs, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Plants gland-dotted or with gland-tipped hairs, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules toothed or laciniate, Leaves compound, Leaflets dentate or denticulate, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets alternate or subopposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers solitary in axils, or appearing solitary, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals white, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Bann er petal narrow or oblanceolate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit gland-dotted or with gland-tipped hairs, Fruit 1-seeded, Fruit 2-seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.

Antiseptic, kidney diseases [Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]
Leaves  are  useful  in  dyspepsia  and  bronchitis.  The  seeds  are  useful  in hyperdipsia,  leprosy,  bronchitis  and  skin  diseases. [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]
Antibilious, hypocholesteremic, antihyperlipidemic, antistress. Acid exudate from the plant—used in indigestion, diarrhoea, dysentery. Seed coat extract—diuretic, antifungal (externally). Dry leaf—refrigerant. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary] 

147 Published articles of Cicer arietinum

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, wild tobacco

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Nicotiana angustifolia var. crispa (Cav.) Comes, Nicotiana cavanillesii Dunal, Nicotiana crispa Cav., Nicotiana minor Sessé & Moc., Nicotiana plantaginea DC. ex Dunal, Nicotiana pusilla Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal, Nicotiana tenella Cav.

Other names: Wild Tobacco, Tex-mex Tobacco, curled-leaved tobacco
Chinese: 皱叶烟草
Hindi: बन तंबाकू Ban tambaku, जंगली तंबाकू Jangli Tambakoo
French: Tabac à feuilles de plombago

Description: An erect viscid-pubescent plant up to 1 m tall, branched. Leaves radical and cauline. sessile, variable in size, 9-28 x 3.5-9.5 cm, elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate, entire or ± wavy, cuneate to decurrent. Panicles up to 15 cm long, lax. Pedicel up to 10 mm long, glandular-pubescent. Calyx 7-9 mm long, nervose; lobes linear-lanceolate. Corolla pink, tube 3.5-4.0 cm long, limb 10 mm broad; lobes 5, acute. Anthers shorter than filaments, ± oblong; filaments ± 20 mm long. Ovary ± 2.5 mm long. Capsule 8-10 mm long, ovoid, ± included in the persistent calyx. Seeds less than 1 mm long, subglobose to angular, minutely rugose-reticulate, brown.

Uses: Leaf juice for skin diseases. Veterinary medicine, ground leaves as germicide for animal wounds. [CRC World Dictionary of  MEDICINAL AND POISONOUS PLANTS]

213 Published articles of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia

Cestrum diurnum, Din Ka Raja

Cestrum diurnum L.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Cestrum album Ferrero ex Dun., Cestrum diurnum var. fasciatiflorum Dunal, Cestrum diurnum var. fastigiatum (Jacq.) Stehlé, Cestrum diurnum var. marcianum Proctor, Cestrum diurnum var. odontospermum (Jacq.) O.E.Schulz, Cestrum diurnum var. portoricense O.E.Schulz, Cestrum diurnum var. tinctorium (Jacq.) M.Gómez, Cestrum diurnum var. venenatum (Mill.) O.E.Schulz, Cestrum elongatum Steud., Cestrum fastigiatum Jacq., Cestrum fastigiatum Jan, Cestrum odontospermum Jacq., Cestrum pallidum Lam., Cestrum tinctorium Jacq., Cestrum tinctorium Griseb., Cestrum venenatum Mill.

Common name: Day-blooming cestrum, Day jasmine, China berry, Chinese inkberry
Hindi: Din Ka Raja दिन का राजा
Finnish: Rohtonuijakukka
Tamil: nar pakal nayaki
Thai: ทิวาราตรี
Swedish: Vit juvelbuske

Description: A shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall, branched. Leaves 4.5-12.5 x 2.5-4.0 cm, elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate. Flowers in extra-axillary peduncles. Calyx lobes shallowly obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla infundibuliform, lobes reflexed, obtuse. Berry ± globose, black.

56 Published articles of Cestrum diurnum

Solanum villosum, Hairy Nightshade

Solanum villosum Mill.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Solanum miniatum Bernh. ex Willd. , Solanum nigrum var. humile (Bernh. ex Willd.) C.Y. Wu & S.C. Huang    

• Common name: Yellow Nightshade, Hairy Nightshade, Red-fruited nightshade
• Chinese: 红果龙葵
• Finnish: Myskikoiso
• French: Morelle poilue
• German: Gelbfrüchtiger Nachtschatten
• Romanian: zirna galbena, zirna rosie
• Swedish: Gul nattskatta
• Welsh: Codwarth coch

Description: Herbs erect, 40-60 cm tall, much branched; pubescence of simple, sometimes glandular hairs. Stems pubescent, often angular. Petiole 5-10 mm, winged; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, decurrent, margin entire, sinuate, or coarsely dentate, apex acute. Inflorescences extra-axillary, umbellate; peduncle 1 cm, unbranched. Pedicel 4-6 mm. Calyx 2 × 1-1.5 mm, puberulent; lobes obtuse, less than 1 mm, ciliate, sinuses rounded. Corolla white or purplish, sometimes drying yellowish, 5-7 × 8-10 mm; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, ciliate, strongly spreading and reflexed. Filaments 1.5-1.8 mm, pubescent; anthers ca. 2 mm. Style 3-4.5 mm, pilose at base. Fruiting pedicel 1-1.5 cm, pubescent. Berry red, orange, or yellow, often bright, globose, 6-8 mm in diam. Seeds discoid, ca. 1 mm. Fr. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Nov.

42 Published articles of Solanum villosum

Chrozophora rottleri, Suryavarta

Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. ex Spreng.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Vernakular names in  India:  dekha  chowkdi,  dekha-chowkdi,  erra  miriyam, gubra, gurugu, khakaguddi, khudi-okra, linga menasu, linga mirapa,  lingamenasu,  shadevi,  sonballi,  souballi,  subali, suravarta, surya-varti, suryavarta

Description: es alternate, 2-5 x 1-4 cm, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or subtruncate at base, entire or shallowly crenate-sinuate, 3-5-veined from base, somewhat bullate above when young, becoming less so with age, pubescent above, densely so beneath; petiole 1-4 cm long, densely stellate-pubescent; stipules 2 mm long, linear. Inflorescence 1-5 cm long, leaf-opposed. Male flowers: pedicels 1 mm long; sepals c. 3 mm long, lanceolate, stellate-pubescent; petals pink, 3 mm long, elliptic-oblong, lepidote without; stamens 15, united into 4 mm tall column; anthers 1 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels c. 5 mm long, extending up to 1.5 cm or more in fruit; sepals 1.5-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate, stellate-pubescent; petals minute or absent. Ovary 2 mm diameter, densely stellate-pubescent; styles 1-1.5 mm long, bifid almost from base, stellate-pubescent without, densely papillose within. Fruit 4 x 7 mm, rounded, 3-lobed, stellate-pubescent; seeds 3-3.5 x 2-2.5 mm, globose-ovoid, grey.

Used in Ayurveda. Plant acrid, poisonous, emetic, cathartic, drastic corrosive. Leaves depurative, seeds purgative; ashes of the roots administered to children for cough; root powder given with water in cough and cold. Leaves chewed to treat leucoderma; crushed leaves applied in sunburn and sunstroke. Fish poison. Veterinary medicine, leaves used in the treatment of skin diseases on neck of horses. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Published articles of Chrozophora rottleri

Putranjiva roxburghii, Putrajivika, Lucky Bean Tree

Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.
Family: Putranjivaceae

Common name: Putranjiva, Lucky Bean Tree
Bengali: Putranjiva, Jioysuta
Gujarati: પુત્રંજીવા Putranjiva
Hindi: Putijia, जियापोथा jiyapotha
Kannada: ಪುತ್ರಮ್ಜೀವ Putramjiva , ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಲೆ Menasinakale, Amani Putrajiva
Konkani: Saman
Malayalam: Pongalam, പുത്തിലഞ്ഞി Puththilanji
Marathi: Jivanputra, Patravanti
Oriya: Poilundia
Sanskrit: पुत्रंजीव: Putrajivah
Tamil: Irukolli, Karupala, புத்திரசீவி, கறிப்பாலை Kari-p-palai
Telugu: Kuduru, పుత్రజీవిక Putrajivika
Urdu: Paishandia

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Plant useful for women whose children  died  in  uterus.  Leaves  and  fruit  for  rheumatism, cold and fever. Dry fruits and seeds decoction given for cold, fever and rheumatism. Used in religion and magico-religious beliefs, said to increase fertility in women, for making conception; contact therapy, stones of the fruit strung together to form rosaries and used as a necklace to preserve children from harm; seeds worn as necklace by persons suffering from acute cough and cold; fruits used as necklace by a pregnant woman to prevent miscarriage; dried fruits in a garland used as necklace to cure skin allergy and itch. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Leaves, fruits and stones of fruits are given in colds and fevers, also in rheumatic affections. Rosaries, made of hard stones of the fruit, are placed around the necks of children to protect them from diseases. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

42 Published articles of Putranjiva roxburghii

Malachra Capitata, Vilayati Bhindi

Malachra capitata (L.) L.
Family: Malvaceae

English: malva de caballo
Bengali: বন ভিংডী Ban Bhindi
Gujarati: પરદેસી ભિંડૉ Pardesi Bhindo
Hindi: विलायती भिंडी Vilayati Bhindi
Marathi: विलायती भेंडी Vilayati Bhendi

Description: Annual or perennial, erect herbs or undershrubs, to 1.5 m high; stems, petioles and peduncles densely pubescent with prickly stellate and simple hairs. Leaves alternate, orbicular or ovate, 3-5 angled or lobed, cordate at base, crenate to serrate at margin, obtuse or rounded at apex, 3-14 x 4-20 cm, velutinous with stellate and simple hairs on both surfaces, glabrescent, 5- nerved at base; petioles 2-8 cm long; stipules 1-2 cm long, filiform, rarely forked, hispid. Inflorescences 0.5-1.5 cm long, stout bearing 3-7 heads; each head with 2-5 flowers encircled by 3 or 4 leafy bracts; bracts ovate to orbicular, cordate to rounded at base, entire or crenate-serrate at margin, acute at apex with a slightly recurved tip, 0.5-2 cm across, folded along midnerve, stellate-pubescent and also with stiff bristles at margin and on nerves beneath. Calyx cupular, accrescent; lobes oblong to deltoid, acuminate, ca 6x 1.5 mm, 3-nerved with a few stiff simple hairs at apex. Corolla ca 1.5-2.5 cm across, bright yellow; petals obovate, ca 1.5 x 1 cm, ciliate at base, densely stellate-hairy outside, glabrous inside. Staminal column ca 1 cm long, pubescent with both stellate and simple hairs and a few glandular hairs, antheriferous throughout. Ovary glabrous; styles ca 1.3 cm long, glabrous, 10-branched; stigmas capitate, hairy. Schizocarps obpyriform, 5-6 mm across; mericarps 5, 3-gonous, acute at base, rounded at apex, ca 3 x 2 mm, glabrous, reticulate with brownish nerves, whitish; seeds 3-gonous, ca 2.5 mm long, covered with minute stellate hairs, brownish black.

Used to cure Infertility Fresh fruit  Fed to the patient 5 raw fruits daily during menstrual period for 3 months [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

11 Published articles of  Malachra Capitata

Nigella sativa, Krishnaajira, Karunjeeragam

Nigella sativa L.
Family: Ranunculaceae

• Common name: Black Seed, Fennel flower, Nutmeg flower, Onion seed, Black cumin
• Amharic: ጥቁር አዝሙድ
• Arabic: حبة السوداء
• Bengali: কালো জিরা, কালোজিরা Kalo jira
• Bulgarian: Челебитка посевна
• Catalan: Sanuj
• Croatian: Crni kumin
• Czech: Černý kmín
• Danish: Sortkommen
• Dutch: Zwarte komijn
• Esperanto: Nigelo
• Estonian: Mustköömen
• Finnish: Ryytineito
• French: Nigelle cultivée, Herbe aux épices
• German: Schwarzkümmel
• Hebrew: קצח
• Hindi: कलौंजी, कलोंजी Kalaunji, कालाजीरा
• Hungarian: Feketekömény
• Indonesian: Jinten hitam
• Japanese: ニゲラ
• Kannada: ಕರಿ ಜೀರಿಗೆ kari jirige
• Kazakh: Содана
• Korean: 블랙쿠민
• Latin: Semen Nigellae sive Melanthii
• Latvian: Melnsēklīte
• Lithuanian: Juodgrūdė
• Malay: Jintan hitam
• Malayalam: കരിഞ്ചീരകം karinjirakam
• Norwegian: Svartkarve
• Polish: Czarnuszka siewna
• Romanian: Cernușcă
• Russian: černuška posevnaja, Нигелла
• Sanskrit: कृष्णजीरा Krishnajira
• Sinhalese: Kaluduru
• Slovak: Černuška siata
• Slovenian: Vzhodna črnika
• Spanish: neguilla
• Swedish: Svartkummin
• Thai: เทียนดำ
• Turkish: çörekotu
• Ukrainian: Чорнушка посівна
• Urdu: Kalaunji

Ayurvedic uses: Atisara, Gulma, Adhmaana, Krimiroga (API Vol-1)

Nigella sativa Oil showed prominent in vitro activity against eight MDR strains of Shigella flexneri. [ Clinical Botanical Medicine]

Chronic gastritis, ascariasis, flatulence and malaria [Compendia of World’s Medicinal Flora]

Used in Ayurveda. Powdered seeds paste applied on eczma and  skin  diseases.  Used  for  headache,  rheumatic  pains, asthma and coughs, also applied as a galactagogue, emmenagogue, cooling, tonic, vermifuge and diuretic. Excessive use of seed causes abortion [CRC World Dictionary of  Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

The seeds of black cumin are used for seasoning and are employed in spice mixes. The odor of crushed seeds has been described as like lemons with a faint suggestion of carrots (Burkill 1935), while the taste is strong, pungent, peppery, rather oddly aromatic, and nutty, "like a cross between poppy seeds and pepper" (Norman 1990). The alternative name nutmeg flower reflects similarity with the strong, agreeable aromatic odor of nutmeg.  The seeds are added to curries, pickles, cheeses, eggs, fish, poultry, meats, game, pickles, conserves,  fruit pies, and confections, particularly cookies, rolls and bread. They are also used to flavor a variety of vegetable dishes. The seeds used to be employed as a substitute for pepper. [Culinary Herbs]

Black cumin, is used in herbal folk medicine all over the world especially in the Middle East, Europe and Asia since antiquity for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and disorders that include asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hyperglycaemia, and related abnormalities headache, dysentery, infections, obesity, back pain, hypertension, gastrointestinal problems, eczema, boils, rheumatism, cancer, fungal infections, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac diseases, hemorrhoids, sexual diseases and as an abortifacient [ Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-5]

N. sativa was used by Ancient Egyptian and Greek physicians to treat nasal congestion, toothache, as a diuretic to promote menstruation, and to increase milk production,  bronchial asthma, headache, dysentery, infections, obesity, back pain, hypertension, and gastrointestinal problems. [Greco-Arab and Islamic herbal Medicine]

Avicenna used this plant to treat headaches, facial paralysis, and eye cataracts, and when mixed together with honey in hot water to remove bladder and kidney stones. An infusion of the seeds is used to treat toothaches, gastric and intestinal diseases and chest pains, and is used as a, diuretic, sopori fi c, and vermifuge for children (seeds in vinegar), as well as to treat angina and stimulate milk production in women. [The Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]

521 Published articles of Nigella sativa

Psidium guajava, Guava, Jaama, Goyya

Psidium guajava L.
Family: Myrtaceae

Synonyms: Guajava pumila (Vahl) Kuntze , Guajava pyrifera (L.) Kuntze , Myrtus guajava (L.) Kuntze , Myrtus guajava var. pyrifera (L.) Kuntze , Psidium angustifolium Lam. , Psidium aromaticum Blanco [Illegitimate] , Psidium cujavillus Burm.f. , Psidium cujavus L. , Psidium fragrans Macfad. , Psidium guajava var. cujavillum (Burm.f.) Krug & Urb. , Psidium guajava var. guajava , Psidium guajava var. minor Mattos , Psidium guava Griseb. , Psidium igatemyense Barb.Rodr. , Psidium igatemyensis Barb. Rodr. , Psidium intermedium Zipp. ex Blume , Psidium pomiferum L. , Psidium pomiferum var. sapidissimum (Jacq.) DC. , Psidium prostratum O.Berg , Psidium pumilum Vahl , Psidium pumilum var. guadalupense DC. , Psidium pyriferum L. , Psidium pyriferum var. glabrum Benth. , Psidium sapidissimum Jacq. , Psidium vulgare Rich. , Syzygium ellipticum K.Schum. & Lauterb.

• English: Guava
• Bengali: Pyara
• Chinese: 番石榴
• Dutch: guave
• Finnish: Hedelmäguava
• French: Goyavier commun
• German: guave
• Hindi: Amrood अमरूद
• Italian: Guaiava
• Portuguese: araçá
• Spanish: guayaba
• Tamil: கொய்யா Goyya
• Telugu: జామ Jaama

Description: Trees, to 13 m tall. Bark gray, smooth, peeling in strips. Branchlets angular, pubescent. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 6-12 × 3.5-6 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent, adaxially slightly rough, secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein and usually impressed, reticulate veins obvious, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 in cymes. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 5 mm, pubescent. Calyx cap nearly rounded, 7-8 mm, irregularly opening. Petals white, 1-1.4 cm. Stamens 6-9 mm. Ovary adnate to hypanthium. Style as long as stamens. Berry globose, ovoid, or pyriform, 3-8 cm, with persistent calyx lobes at apex; flesh white or yellow; placenta reddish, well developed, fleshy. Seeds many.

Part Used: Leaf, Fruit.  Guava  is  most  commonly  prescribed  traditionally  for  diarrhea because of the astringent qualities of the leaves and unripe fruit. It is also useful to treat cases of blocked or irregular menstruation, and cases of chronic stress or anxiety.
Preparation: Flame-roast 10–15 leaves until yellow in color. Boil in 1 pint  (500 ml) water. Take  1 / 2 cup (125 ml) decoction every 3 hours as needed. Powder may also be made from the unripe fruit by removing the seeds, drying, and grinding. Take 1 tsp dry or in hot water. For a gentler effect, the unripe fruit may also be eaten fresh, dipped into a mixture of sugar, salt, and chili powder. Or unripe guava may be juiced and drunk with a pinch of salt. [A Thai Herbal Traditional Recipes for Health and Harmony]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Twigs decoction taken orally for malaria and fevers; juice from tender shoots given in  dysentery.  Leaves  antimalarial,  astringent,  styptic,  antibacterial, antiemetic, for wounds, ulcers, blisters in mouth, astringent  for  bowels;  leaves  eaten  raw  to  treat  diarrhea; young leaves chewed to cure mouth blisters; leaves juice or leaf  paste  taken  for  diarrhea  and  dysentery;  young  leaves boiled, honey added, and the decoction mixture drunk for diarrhea, especially in children; leaves decoction for stomachache,  cough,  cold,  gargled  for  toothache.  Tea  from  the bark  or  from  the  leaves  an  excellent  remedy  for  diarrhea, dysentery, sores, vomiting, cuts and sore throat. Bark juice given in diarrhea and dysentery; paste of stem bark applied on burns; bark decoction or bark juice a remedy for stomachache, skin diseases; root bark pounded and plastered on bone fracture and in sprains. Fruits styptic, an infusion for dysentery; unripe fruit effective in bowel disorders, diarrhea, dysentery; powdered tender fruits mixed with water given for loose motions and as emetic. Fresh flowers along with juice applied as anthelmintic. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Unripe fruit—antidiarrhoeal. Leaves—used for dysentery, diabetes, cough and cold. Flowers - anthelmintic. Guava juice may be helpful in regulating blood sugar in type 2 diabetes and syndrome X. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Entire plant, infusion: for diarrhea Bark, infusion: emmenagogue, astringent, febrifuge; for hypertension, infections, malaria, rabies, stomachache, and antidysenteric. Dried leaf, decoction: anti-emetic. Fruit: antidiarrheal Dried fruit: anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity Fresh fruit: antimutagenic and antihyperglycemic activity [Medicinal flora of Argentina]

220 Pharmacology / Pharmacy related Published articles of Psidium guajava

Clematis montana, Himalayan Clematis

Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC.
Family: Ranunculaceae
English: Himalayan Clematis, Anemone clematis, Indian virgin's bower
Danish: Bjerg-Skovranke
Hindi: garol, geor bel, kanguli, kaunibai, kaunie-bali
Hungarian: Hegyi iszalag
Chinese: 大花绣球藤 
Finnish: Vuorikärhö
German: Berg-Waldrebe
Russian: Ломонос горный
Polish: Powojnik górski
Swedish: Bergklematis

Description: Vines woody. Branches terete, often shallowly 4--10-grooved, puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves ternate; petiole 2.5--9 cm; leaflet blades ovate, rhombic-ovate, or elliptic, 1.8--7(--14) × 1--5 cm, papery to herbaceous, undivided or 3-lobed, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin sparsely dentate or occasionally entire, apex acuminate or acuminate; basal veins abaxially nearly flat. Flowers (1 or)2--4(--6) borne together with several leaves from axillary buds of old branches, 1.5--11 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--20 cm, sparsely puberulous. Sepals 4, white or sometimes tinged pink, spreading, obovate to oblong-obovate, (0.7--)1.3--6.5 × (0.3--)1--2.5 (--3.5) cm, abaxially puberulous, adaxially glabrous, apex rounded to rarely emarginate or short acuminate. Stamens 6--18 mm, glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong, sometimes linear, (1.5--)2--3(--4) mm, apex obtuse to minutely apiculate. Ovaries glabrous, rarely puberulous. Style 0.5--1 cm, densely villous. Achenes ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4--5 × 3--4 mm, glabrous, rarely appressed puberulous; persistent style 2--6(--7) cm, plumose. Fl. Apr--Sep, fr. Jul--Sep.

Roots  for  skin  diseases  and  itching.  Leaves  decoction  in cold and fever; leaves skin irritant, blistering. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Urinary pain, menstruation disorder; diuretic, improves blood circulation [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

21 Published articles of Clematis montana

Thalictrum foliolosum, Pitarangaa, Mamera, Meadow rue

Thalictrum foliolosum DC.
Family: Ranunculaceae
Synonym: Thalictrum dalingo Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

Common name: Leafy Meadow-Rue
Hindi: Mamera
Chinese: 金丝黄连, 
Sanskrit: Pitarangaa, Piyaaraangaa.

Other vernacular names: barmat, bhamrol, chaitra, chireta, chitramul, gurbiani,  jhalamala,  keraita,  makori,  mami-ranchini,  mamira, mamiran-chini, mamiri, mamiri shuprak, mimiri, pashmaran,  peelijari,  peelipari,  penglajari,  phalijari,  pilagor,  pilajari, pili jari, pili jarin, piligarhi, pilijari, piyaranga, shuprak, thangre-jhar, ubyakati

Description: Plants 0.9--1.2 m tall, glabrous. Stems branched. Petiole 1.5--5 cm; leaf blade 3-ternate, ca. 35 cm; leaflet blade rhombic-elliptic or ovate, 1--2.5 × 0.5--1.5 cm, leathery, abaxially not white powdery, base rounded or subcordate, apex obtuse or rounded, 3-lobed; lobes few; veins slightly raised abaxially, flat adaxially. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, paniculate, ca. 20 cm, many flowered. Sepals 4, early deciduous, yellow, greenish tinged, narrowly elliptic, 3--4.5 mm. Stamens many, 6--7 mm; filament filiform; anther narrowly oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, apex mucronate. Carpels 4--6; style equaling ovary; stigma linear. Achenes sessile; body fusiform, ca. 3 mm; veins ca. 8. Fl. Aug--Sep.

Used  in  Unani/Unani-Tibb  medicine.  Bitter,  pungent tonic,  slightly  purgative,  believed  to  improve  the  eyesight and relieve toothache. Pounded root eaten to cure malarial fever.  Roots  decoction  or  powder  antiperiodic,  antiinflammatory, diuretic, aperient, purgative, tonic, to treat eye and skin diseases, fever and jaundice; root extract applied for the treatment of eye ailments; root juice for peptic ulcer and indigestion; root powder against snakebites; root paste applied around the forehead in headache, and also applied to treat itching of skin. Ash of the roots used for eye trouble. A paste made from mamiri roots and from seeds of Datura stramonium used for eczema. Veterinary medicine, root poultice to cure foot and mouth diseases of animals; root paste along with Allium cepa given orally for treating fever and shuffle in cattle. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Activities  — Antipyretic, Aperient, Bitter, Cerebrotonic, Collyrium, Deobstruent, Diuretic, Laxative, Tonic .
Indications    — Atony ,  Conjunctivosis ,  Corneosis , Coryza, Dermatosis, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Fever, Gas, Hemorrhoid, Jaundice, Malaria, Onychosis, Ophthalmia, Toothache, Water Retention.
Dosages  — 14–28 ml tea, 1–2 ml root tincture, 0.5–1 g powder root . After 6 months storage, berberine was reduced to  1 / 4 , and magnoflorine to traces. [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]

Plant—used against gout and rheumatism. Root—febrifuge, antiperiodic; a bitter tonic during convalescence. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Contagious fever, poisoning, wounds and infection. [Medicinal Plants of Dolpo]

8 Published articles of Thalictrum foliolosum

Delphinium denudatum, Nirvisha

Delphinium denudatum Wall
Family: Ranunculaceae

• Common name: Jadwar
• Arabic: عائق مكتشف
• Hindi: Jadwar, Judwar, Nirbishi, Nirbisi, Nirvisi
• Kannada: nirvishi
• Malayalam: nirvasi
• Marathi: nirvishi
• Nepali: निरबिशी Nirbishi
• Sanskrit: apavisha, avisa, avisha, nirvisa, nirvisha
• Tamil: nirbasi
• Urdu: jadwa, jadwaar, Khataai, Maatiryaaq.

Used in Ayurveda and Unani. Whole plant juice applied on cuts for immediate relief and healing. Roots bitter, febrifuge, anthelmintic,  diuretic,  antiinflammatory,  carminative,  vulnerary, stimulant, alterative, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, tonic, cooling,  digestive,  used  in  fever,  insanity,  jaundice,  strangury, obesity, skin diseases, ulcers, respiratory complaints, catarrh, cold, cough, asthma, toothache; dried roots chewed as  stimulant;  a  water-paste  of  the  roots  applied  on  ulcers; roots  powder  for  killing  lice;  roots  pressed  between  teeth to get relief from toothache. Seeds used for the treatment of skin eruptions. Veterinary medicine, roots for killing ticks and lice in domestic animals; antidote in case of poisoning caused by Aconitum ferox. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Root—astringent, vulnerary, deobstruent, alterative. Used for painful piles, muscular atrophy, gout and as a nervine tonic. Also used as an adulterant for aconite. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

39 Published articles of Delphinium denudatum

Pisum sativum, Pea, Batani, Matar

Pisum sativum L.
Family: Fabaceae

Common name: Pea, garden pea, green pea, snap pea
Arabic: بازلاء
Bengali: Matar, মটরশুঁটি
Bulgarian: Грах
Chinese: 豌豆
French: Pois
German: Erbse
Gujarati: Patana, વટાણા
Gurani: Kumanda
Hindi: मटर Matar
Japanese: エンドウ
Kannada: Batgadle, Bahtahna
Malayalam: പട്ടാനീ Pattani
Manipuri: হৌৱাঈথৰক Houwaitharak
Marathi: Vatane
Russian: Горох посевной
Sanskrit: हरेणुः harenu, Renuka, Satila, Triputa
Tamil: பட்டாணி Battani
Telugu: బఠాణి, batani
Urdu: Matar
Vietnamese: Đậu Hà Lan

Description: Annual, Herbs, Vines, twining, climbing, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems prostrate, trailing, or mat forming, Stems less than 1 m tall, Climbing by tendrils, Stems hollow, or spongy, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules green, triangu late to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules cordate, lobed, or sagittate, Stipules toothed or laciniate, Leaves compound, Leaves even pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 2, Leaflets 4, Leaflets 5-9, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers solitary in axils, or appearing solitary, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals white, Petals pinkish to rose, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Banner petal suborbicular, broadly rounded, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing petals incurved, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments hairy, villous, Style terete, Style sharply bent, Style hairy, Style hairy on one side only, Fr uit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit indehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seed surface wrinkled or rugose, Seeds olive, brown, or black.

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Root juice given for fever. Seed contraceptive, fungistatic, spermicide, for diabetes, acne and wrinkled skins, wounds and bruises, skin complaints; flour from the seeds emollient and resolvent, applied as a cataplasm. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Pea seeds are thought to cause dysentery when eaten raw. In Spain, fl our is considered emollient and resolvent, applied as a cataplasm. The seed  is  regarded  as  contraceptive,  fungistatic and spermacidal. The dried and pulverised seed has been used as a poultice on the skin to treat many types of skin complaints including acne. The  oil  from  the  seed,  administered  once  a month  to  women,  has  shown  promise  in  preventing pregnancy by interfering with the activity of progesterone. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants V2]

283 Published articles of Pisum sativum