Stellera chamaejasme, Chinese chellera, Pasyakangtichey, Deuraali phool, Rechakpa

Stellera chamaejasme L. 
Family: Thymelaeaceae

• English:  Chinese chellera
• Hindi: Pasyakangtichey
• Ladakhi: རེ་ལྕག་པ་ Rechakpa
• Nepali: देउराली फूल Deuraali phool,  kolde mindo, richak, sesak, sokchimeto
• Chinese: Lang du

Poisonous, harmful, virulent, stocks or humans can be killed if they eat the plant. Powdered roots as pesticide. Veterinary medicine, only for goats and sheep, roots applied as anthelmintic to drive parasites out. Roots as fish poison. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Used in infectious diseases and pain from swellings. Used as antiseptic for open wounds, poultice for swellings and fractured bone, and for massage. Slightly poisonous. Smell of the flower can cause headache. [Medicinal Plants of Dolpo]

Stellera chamaejasme L. is an interesting poisonous plant, which is reputed to have medicinal and insecticidal value. It is a  repellant and a  contactpoison and possibly acts as a stomach poison. Thirteen compounds were isolated from roots of Stellera chamaejasme. [Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants Vol 29]


 
140 Published articles of  Stellera chamaejasme

Salvia miltiorrhiza, redroot sage, Chinese salvia, 단삼, Даншен, Rotwurzel-Salbei, 丹参, ตังเซียม, Đan sâm, 山参

 

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

Family: Lamiaceae

• English: redroot sage, Chinese salvia
• German: Rotwurzel-Salbei
• Korea: 단삼
• Macedonian: Даншен
• Japanese: 丹参
• Thai: ตังเซียม
• Chinese: 山参
• Vietnamese: Đan sâm

Description: Plants perennial. Taproot thickened, succulent, scarlet outside. Stems erect, 40-80 cm tall, villous, much branched. Leaves simple to odd-pinnate; petiole 1.3-7.5 cm, densely retrorse villous, petiolule 2-14 mm; leaflets 3-5(-7), 1.5-8 × 1-4 cm, blades or leaflets circular to broadly lanceolate, pilose, densely so abaxially, margin crenate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences densely villous or glandular villous; verticillasters 6- to many flowered, basally remote, apically crowded, in terminal or axillary racemes 4.5-17 cm; bracts lanceolate. Pedicel 3-4 mm. Calyx campanulate, purplish, ca. 1.1 cm, slightly dilated after anthesis, sparsely villous or glandular villous, margin ciliate; upper lip entire, triangular, ca. 4 × 8 mm, apex 3-mucronate; lower lip almost as long as upper, 2-toothed. Corolla purple-blue or white, 2-2.7 cm, glandular pubescent, densely so on upper lip; tube imperfectly fine pilose annulate inside, exserted, shorter than limb, 2 mm wide at base, to 8 mm wide at throat; upper lip 1.2-1.5 cm, falcate; lower lip shorter, middle lobe ca. 5 × to 10 mm, 2-lobulate; lateral lobes rounded, ca. 3 mm wide. Filaments 3.5-4 mm; connectives 1.7-2 cm. Style much exserted. Nutlets ellipsoid, ca. 3.2 × 1.5 mm.

Uses: Case reports and animal studies have indicated that concomitant use of Chinese salvia and warfarin slows the metabolism and increases blood levels of warfarin. A human study indicated no interaction between Chinese salvia and theophylline. One animal study indicated that Chinese salvia can decrease plasma levels of diazepam. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and a d ecrease in blood viscosity have been reported in animal studies and in vitro A reference text on traditional Chinese medicine indicates that Chinese salvia is contraindicated in pregnancy. [American Herbal Products Associations Botanical Safety Handbook]

Chinese salvia is one of the primary botanicals used in  traditional Chinese medicine for invigorating circulation  and dissolving blood clots. It is commonly applied in the  treatment of gynecological conditions and cardiovascular  disease. A variety of processing techniques are applied to  Salvia that can result in minor to significant changes in  the microscopic structure of the material. These include  dry-fried salvia (chao dan shen), mix fried with wine (jiu  zhi dan shen), and charred salvia (dan shen tan). Chinese  salvia is not readily subject to adulteration. [American Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Botanical Pharmacognosy—Microscopic Characterization of Botanical Medicines]

The dried root of danshen (Chinese salvia) is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, specifically angina pectoris, hyperlipidaemia and acute ischaemic stroke, but also palpitations, hypertension, thrombosis and menstrual problems. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory and for the treatment of cancer and liver disease. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]

Root - Anticoagulant • lowers blood pressure • sedative • Tonic for heart and circulation [Herbal Remedies]

Salvia miltiorrhiza (dan shen) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a circulatory stimulant, sedative, and cooling agent. It may also be valuable as an antianginal drug, because it has been shown to dilate coronary arteries in all concentrations. [Medical Hrebalism - The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine]

About 1000 articles published on Salvia miltiorrhiza. There are more than 4000 patents on this plant.

Silybum marianum, Milk thistle, Chardon-Marie, Mariendistel, Ostropestřec mariánský, Расторопша пятнистая, Ostropest plamisty, Tikrasis margainis, Гујина трава, Бял трън, Astalikardu, 水飞蓟, גדילן מצוי, マリアアザミ, Cardo de Santa María

 

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Family: Asteraceae

• English: Milk thistle, Mary’s thistle
• Arabic: سلبين مريمي
• Azerbaijani: Алатікен
• Basque: Astalikardu
• Bulgaraian: Бял трън
• Catalan: Adi alaqanqal
• Chinese: 水飞蓟
• Croation: Marijin oslobod
• Czech: Ostropestřec mariánský
• Finnish: Maarianohdake
• French: Chardon-Marie
• Galician: Cardo de Santa María
• Georgian: ბაყაყურა
• German: Mariendistel
• Hebrew: גדילן מצוי
• HungariMáriatövisan:
• Japanese: マリアアザミ
• Kazakh: Алатікен
• Kurdish: Givzonik
• Lithuanian: Tikrasis margainis
• Monoglian: Мэригийн чонын өргөс
• Polish: Ostropest plamisty
• Russian: Расторопша пятнистая (Rastoropsha pyatnistaya)
• Serbian: Гујина трава
• Urdu: مریم گوکھرد
• Vietnamese: Kế sữa

Uses: An extract of milk thistle seed is the primary botanical preparation used in Europe for supporting a healthy liver and treating liver disease. Both oral and injectable preparations are used. The injectables are highly regarded as an effective treatment against poisoning with the potentially deadly death angel mushroom, Amanita phalloides. Milk thistle seeds are generally not subject to adulteration. [American Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Botanical Pharmacognosy—Microscopic Characterization of Botanical Medicines] 

Used to treat liver conditions [Canadian Medicinal Crops]

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seed is generally thought of as a liversupporting herb, but actually has all the same actions on the kidney as it has on the liver. [Clinical Botanical Medicine]

A treatment for liver ailments, leaves demulcent [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Silybum marianum fruits are reported to exert antioxidant and free-radical scavenging action. Silymarin and silybin, the flavonolignans present, were found to be the active constituents. Silymarin prevents doxorubicin-mediated damage to rat heart membrane primarily through free radical scavenging. [Evaluation of Herbal Medicinal Products]

Silybum marianum has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of liver diseases, including toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis, via its antioxidative, antilipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. [Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine Traditional System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues]

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is used by cirrhotic patients because of its putative ability to slow liver damage. Ripe fruit from the milk thistle plant is used to derive a concentrated extract known as silymarin. In vitro as well as animal and human studies suggest that silymarin protects hepatocytes from the toxic effects of substances such as carbon tetrachloride and phalloidin (amanita mushroom). In humans exposed to hepatotoxins, silymarin has been able to reduce the likelihood of developing more extensive liver failure. Silymarin is thought to act by the presence of a large number of flavonolignans, which work on the cell membrane to prevent the entry of toxic substances into the hepatocyte. Protein synthesis is also stimulated, which accelerates the regeneration and production of new hepatocytes. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

Traditionally, milk thistle fruits have been used for disorders of the liver, spleen and gall bladder such as jaundice and gall bladder colic. Milk thistle has also been used for nursing mothers for stimulating milk production, as a bitter tonic, for haemorrhoids, for dyspeptic complaints and as a demulcent in catarrah and pleurisy.(G2, G32, G34, G35, G50, G64) It is stated to possess hepatopro- tective, antioxidant and choleretic properties.(1, 2) Current interest is focused on the hepatoprotective activity of milk thistle and its use in the prophylaxis and treatment of liver damage and disease. The leaves have also been used for the treatment of liver, spleen and gall bladder disorders and as an antimalarial, emmenagogue and for uterine complaints. Milk thistle leaf preparations are available today, although most research has been conducted with preparations of the fruit since the leaf does not contain the pharmacologically active component silymarin. [Herbal Medicines 3rd Ed]

Milk thistle is reported to have hepatoprotective properties and is mainly used for liver diseases and jaundice. Traditionally milk thistle was used by nursing mothers for stimulating milk production, as a bitter tonic, demulcent, as an antidepressant and for dyspeptic complaints. Both the fruit and leaves are used as herbal medicine, but currently the fruit is the main target of investigation because it contains the pharmacologically active silymarin component. Standardised extracts of silymarin are also commonly used. A water-soluble salt of the individual flavonolignan silibinin is used intravenously for preventing hepatotoxicity after poisoning with the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]

As its name implies, the seeds were taken by nursing mothers to improve the supply of breast milk, a use that remains as applicable today as in the past. It has a persistent reputation as a remedy for depressed mood. [Herbal Remedies]

Seeds—liver protective, gallbladder protective, antioxidant. Used in jaundice and other biliary affections, intermittent fevers, uterine trouble, also as a galactagogue. Alcoholic extract used for haemorrhoids and as a general substitute for adrenaline. Seeds are used for controlling haemorrhages. Leaves—sudorific and aperient. Young leaves and flowering heads are consumed by diabetics. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

The seeds are used to treat jaundice, hepatitis, chronic coughing and hemoptysis, gall-stones and inflammation of the gall bladder and bile duct, liver and spleen diseases, fevers, hemorrhoids, and other diseases. Juice from the leaves is drunk as a choleretic and diuretic and to treat colitis and constipation. A decoction of the root is drunk to treat stomach catarrh. Currently, an alcohol-water extraction of the seeds is used to treat liver diseases. [Medicinal Plants of Central Asia Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]

590 Published articles of Silybum marianum

Annona muricata, Soursop, Mulluramaphala, முள்ளு சீதா, മുള്ളാത്ത, 刺果番荔枝, zuurzak, Oka-annoona, anone, 가시여지, Anona, އަނޯނާ, Pikilanono, ساپادیل, Láhevník ostnitý

 

Annona muricata L.
Family: Annonaceae

Synonyms: Annona bonplandiana Kunth, Annona cearaensis Barb.Rodr., Annona macrocarpa Wercklé, Annona muricata var. borinquensis Morales, Annona muricata f. mirabilis R.E.Fr., Guanabanus muricatus M. Gómez

• English: Soursop, Brazilian pawpaw, Prickly custard apple, Graviola
• Assamese: Ata-phal, Atlas
• Kannada: Mulluramaphala
• Tamil: Mullu-sitha-pazham, முள்ளு சீதா
• Malayalam: മുള്ളാത്ത
• Chinese: 刺果番荔枝
• Dutch: zuurzak,
• Finnish: Oka-annoona
• French: anone
• Spanish, German, Portuguese: Anona
• korea: 가시여지
• Polish: Flaszowiec miękkociernisty
• Persion: ساپادیل
• Czech: Láhevník ostnitý
• Divehi: އަނޯނާ
• Esparanto: Pikilanono
• Slovak: Anona mäkkoostnatá

Description: Tree about 5-10 m tall. Bark dark brown, corky and fissured, branchlets subglabrous grayish brown with dark circular dots. Leaves simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 10-16 x 3-6 cm across, base acute, margin entire, apex acute, shallow acuminate or obtuse with mucronate tip, coriaceous, dark green, shining glabrous above, paler glaucous beneath, lateral veins 9-14 on either side of the midrib, almost parallel, impressed above, prominent on the midrib beneath, reticulate veinlets fine and close, petiole pubescent, about 0.5-1 cm long. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary, subcapitate, about 6-8 cm across, pedicels slender, stout, about 1-1.5 cm long. Sepals 3, ovate, apex acute or connate into a 3 angled shallow cup, thick, greenish when young yellow when mature outside and yellow, glabrous inside, about 3-5 x 5-6 cm long. Petals 6, subequal, ovate, apex acute, thick, glabrous, yellow outside and inside, about 3-3.5 x 2-2.5 cm long cm across, inner petals 1.5 x 1 cm squamose. Stamens numerous, linear, about 4-5 mm long, filaments fleshy, broad at the base, with apically capitates top of the connective. Carpels many, linear oblong, slightly curved, about 4 mm long, style broad at the base, stigma sessile, entire. Ripe carpels, broadly subglobose or ellipsoid in fruit, muricate, green, warty covered with long curved spines, slightly arolate with white pulp, about 8-10 cm in long, puberulous, stalk stout, about 2-3 cm long, Seeds many, dark brown or reddish brown, slightly flattened. 

Uses: Used in Sidha. Plants used for hypertension; roots, leaves, and fruit to cure dysentery; poultice of fruits for ringworm., Extracts from Annona muricata active against Leishmania, spp. and Trypanosoma. Antiparasitic, the seeds contain a yellow oil applied to the hair to kill lice, though it is irritant, to the eyes. Acetogenins in Annona muricata leaves potent, molluscicides. Leaves pounded in water and applied to treat, itch, boils; crushed leaves of Annona muricata mixed with a, red paste from the leaves of Trigonopleura malayana applied, as a rubefacient to treat stomachache and diarrhea; leaves, decoction drunk for easy delivery; leaves anthelmintic, taken, with sugar to remove worms from intestine; crushed leaves, applied as a poultice to the stomach to treat cholera. Bark, infusion for dysentery, against intestinal worms and to stop cough. Roots as fish poison. Veterinary medicine, seed powder applied on wounds to remove worms in cattle. 

For the common cold or flu, a tea is prepared using the leaves of guanábana combined, with cinnamon (canela) bark, acerola cherry (cereza) leaves and bitter orange (naranja agria) leaves., Guanábana leaves are used to support recovery from musculoskeletal injury, typically prepared as a tea in, combination with lemongrass (limoncillo) leaves, sweet orange (naranja) leaves and lime/lemon (limón), fruit. For menopausal hot flashes, a tea is prepared of the leaves and is considered a relaxant, often, combined with the leaves/stalk of lemongrass (limoncillo). To calm down anxiety and “nerves” (los, nervios), a sedative tea is prepared of the leaves along with lemon/lime (limón) or sweet orange (naranja), leaves and taken internally. For children with fever, a bath is prepared using the leaves of this plant. The, fruit is thought to be cold (frío) or cooling (fresco) and is used as a diuretic and to lower fever. Healers consider the leaves of this plant to be potentially toxic if taken in large doses, so caution, is advised and only small to moderate amounts of the tea should be taken internally. This herb should not, be taken for an extended period of time. To avoid extracting too many toxins from this potent plant, herbalists advise that the leaves be boiled only for a very short period of time when preparing a, tea/decoction. Herbalists contraindicate eating the fruit during pregnancy or menstruation because it is attributed very cold properties which could cause complications such as menstrual cramps, the, accumulation of phlegm and mucha frialdad en la matriz (lots of “coldness” in the womb). [Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers]

All parts of the tree have been used in traditional folkloric medicine in various cultures for various ailments and complaints. The leaves and seeds of the tree have long been used by native peoples of various cultures for an astounding variety of ailments, ranging from parasites (the seeds), to high blood pressure and cancer. Seeds are emetic, Pulverized seeds and seed oil effective for head lice. Flowers are regarded to be antispasmodic and pectoral and used to alleviate catarrh. Infusion of leaves have been used as sudorific, antispasmodic and emetic. In the Caribbean, it is believed that laying the leaves of the soursop on a bed below a sleeping person with a fever will break the fever by the next morning. Also, boiling the leaves and drinking was believed to help induce sleep. Decoctions of leaves have been used as compresses for inflammation and swollen feet and similar decoction used for treating head lice and bedbugs. Poultice of mashed leaves and sap of young leaves have been employed for eczema and skin eruptions. Ripe fruit is reported antiscorbutic and is also used as an anthelmintic. Pulp of soursop has been used as poultice to draw out chiggers; and the juice of ripe fruit used as diuretic and for hematuria and urethritis. The unripe and dried fruit, also astringent, is used in diarrhoea, among the Amerindians. Unripe fruit and seeds are astringent and used for dysentery. The tea, fruit, and juice are used medicinally to treat illness ranging from stomach ailments to worms. The bark is used in powdered form for diarrhoea and dysentery and is used by the Chinese and Malays in Malaysia as tonic. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-1] 

The tanniferous unripe fruits and bark of Annona muricata L. are eaten so as to stop dysentery and diarrhea. In Indonesia, the crushed leaves are applied externally to heal boils and a powder of the dried leaves is used to kill insects. A decoction of the leaves is drunk to expel intestinal worms. In Malaysia, a liquid preparation containing the leaves is applied externally to treat rheumatism, and to alleviate cough and fever. A poultice of the powdered leaves is applied externally to soothe inflamed parts and to treat skin diseases. In the Philippines, the green bark is applied externally to heal wounds and to stop bleeding, and a decoction of the leaves is used to wash ulcers and to heal wounds. In Vietnam, an infusion of leaves is drunk to combat anxiety. In India, the oil expressed from the seeds is applied to the hair to kill lice, but it burns the eyes. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ] 

Traditionally, the leaf has been used in the treatment of headaches, hypertension, cough, asthma and as an antispasmodic, sedative and nervine for heart condition. It has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The fruit has been traditionally applied for cough, hypertension, rheumatism, tumors, cancer, asthma, childbirth, lactagogue, tranquilizer and in liver disorders, as well as arthritis, where extracts are applied externally. The leaf is also used for treating headaches, insomnia, cystisitis, liver problems, diabetes and as anti- inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-dysenteric agents. The decoction of the leaf has parasitic, anti-rheumatic and neuralgic effects when used internally, while when cooked, the extract  of  leaf  is  applied  topically  against  rheumatism  and  abscesses. [Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World - Africa Volume 3] 

The fruit pulp. which is used in the preparation of drinks and ice-cream. contains vitamin C. It has been used as a febrifuge and the dried unripe fruit in the form of a powder was at one time used for dysentery. The plant (probably a tea made from the leaves) is said to induce perspiration and to be used for colds and 'nerves'. In Africa the whole plant is used for colds. coughs and fever, and the bark and root. which contain tannin. for dysentery and worms. In the Grenadines the leaves are used to make tea for fever, coughs and colds, 'to cool the blood' and as a sedative for vomiting. [Medicinal Plants of Jamaica] 

Stem: Bark and leaf infusion for a sedative or cardiotonic. Branches contain irritant sap. Leaf: Narcotic, for antispasmodic infusions and a calmative; in cataplasms to treat whitlow; infusion for fever with a cold, for a sedative, and to relieve overheating; extract calms nervous conditions; decoction for hypertension and heart conditions such as palpitations, the latter benefitted especially when the leaves are mixed with Ludwigia erecta. Leaves are boiled with the leaves of avocado and drunk as an anti-hypertensive, by the Guyana Patamona. Leaves are boiled with water and drunk as a medication for fluttering of the heart, by the Guyana Patamona. Fruit: For bedwetting children; decoction for excess foot and hand perspiration; antiscorbutic, febrifuge; for a mild antidysenteric and a good vermifuge. Fruit is used for making a tonic, by the Guyana Patamona. In NW Guyana, used for fever, headache, hypertension, and to treat heart problems. Seed: Ingredient in a remedy for convulsions. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) 

Hot water extract of dried leaves is taken orally as a sedative. Hot water extract of fresh leaves is taken orally as an analgesic Decoction of dried leaves is used externally to treat rashes, skin diseases and skin infections. Patient is bathed in the cool green solution obtained by boiling the leaves in water. The decoction is taken orally to treat indigestion. Crushed leaves produce a scent that is inhaled for dizziness and fainting spells. Hot water extract of Fruit, when eaten by women, is believed to induce lactation. Women in labor take hot water extract of leaves as a tea leaves is taken orally for gall bladder trouble. The extract is taken orally with Citrus aurantium every morning to relieve nervousness. The extract is also taken orally for easy childbirth. Hot water extract of dried leaves is used in a poultice for asthma, ringworm. Decoction of dried leaves is taken orally for grippe, coughs, and asthenia. Fresh fruit juice is taken orally for asthenia [Medicinal Plants of the World Vol 1]

218 Published articles of Annona muricata

Cinnamomum verum, దాల్చిన చెక్క, കറുവ, दालचीनी, சன்னலவங்கம், Darusita, Корица, 锡兰肉桂, ଡାଳଚିନି, قرفة حقيقية

 

Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
Family: Lauraceae

Synonyms: Camphorina cinnamomum (L.) Farw., Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm., Cinnamomum aromaticum J.Graham, Cinnamomum barthii Lukman., Cinnamomum bengalense Lukman., Cinnamomum biafranum Lukman., Cinnamomum bonplandii Lukman., Cinnamomum boutonii Lukman., Cinnamomum capense Lukman., Cinnamomum carolinense var. oblongum Kaneh., Cinnamomum cayennense Lukman., Cinnamomum cinnamomum (L.) H.Karst. [Invalid], Cinnamomum commersonii Lukman., Cinnamomum cordifolium Lukman., Cinnamomum decandollei Lukman., Cinnamomum delessertii Lukman., Cinnamomum ellipticum Lukman., Cinnamomum erectum Lukman., Cinnamomum humboldtii Lukman., Cinnamomum iners Wight [Illegitimate], Cinnamomum karrouwa Lukman., Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Sm., Cinnamomum leschenaultii Lukman., Cinnamomum madrassicum Lukman., Cinnamomum maheanum Lukman., Cinnamomum maheanum var. karrouwa Lukman., Cinnamomum mauritianum Lukman., Cinnamomum meissneri Lukman., Cinnamomum ovatum Lukman., Cinnamomum pallasii Lukman., Cinnamomum pleei Lukman., Cinnamomum pourretii Lukman., Cinnamomum regelii Lukman., Cinnamomum roxburghii Lukman., Cinnamomum sieberi Lukman., Cinnamomum sonneratii Lukman., Cinnamomum vaillantii Lukman., Cinnamomum variabile Lukman., Cinnamomum wolkensteinii Lukman., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cassia Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cordifolium Hayne, Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. foeniculaceum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. inodorum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. microphyllum Meisn., Cinnamomum zollingeri Lukman., Laurus cinnamifera Stokes, Laurus cinnamomea Salisb., Laurus cinnamomum L., Laurus culitlaban Buch.-Ham. ex Nees, Laurus montana Link ex Meisn., Laurus rigida Wall., Persea cinnamomum Spreng.

• English: Cinnamon
• Tamil: கறுவா (மரம்), சன்னலவங்கம் Channalavangam
• Telugu: దాల్చిన చెక్క
• Tulu: ಇಜಿನ್‌ದ ಮರ
• Chinese: 锡兰肉桂
• Russian: Корица
• Nepali: दालचिनीको बोट
• Malayalam: കറുവ
• Odia: ଡାଳଚିନି dalachin
• Arabic: قرفة حقيقية
• Hindi: दालचीनी Dalchini
• Sanskrit: Darusita
• Kannada: ದಾಲಚೀನೀ Dalchini 

Native to Sri Lanka. Cinnamon is extracted from the tree’s inner bark. Cinnamon is believed to be effective in blood glucose balancing and to increase insulin secretion. Glucose balancing and insulin secretion, help improve the efficiency of
insulin and increase glucose disposal. Cinnamon also possesses antioxidant properties [43] that help to reduce the damaging complications of diabetes [Anti-diabetes and Anti-obesity Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals_ Safety, Efficacy, and Action Mechanisms]

(Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Root bark and stem bark aromatic. Dried bark aromatic, carminative, astringent, stimulant,  stomachic,  analgesic,  antiseptic,  antispasmodic, germicide,  hemostatic,  used  for  stomachache,  vomiting, nausea, flatulence, to treat headaches and intestinal troubles; stembark juice applied on teeth in tooth decay and toothache.  Bark and leafy branches contain volatile oil useful in rheu matic pains and nervous breakdown. Aromatic root smelled to relieve headache. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Canela is used both medicinally and as a flavoring agent in herbal teas because of its sweet, spicy taste. An infusion of canela is reported to help regulate blood pressure. For low blood pressure, a tea is prepared by boiling the dried inner bark in milk. For kidney disorders, canela is added to an infusion made of horsetail (cola de caballo). Canela is considered a hot (caliente) herb that warms the body and is used for treating conditions caused by excess cold in the body such as arthritis and the common cold or flu. As a remedy, a tea is prepared of cinnamon (canela) bark, lemon/lime (limón) fruit, lavender (alucema) flowers and Chinese star anise (anís de estrella) seeds. To treat sinusitis and nasal congestion due to allergies, the following herbs are boiled in water to make a steam bath for the face: cinnamon (canela) sticks, cumin (anís comino or comino) seeds, rose (rosa) petals and allspice (malagueta) seeds. The patient inhales the vapor of these plants by leaning over the pot of water while covering his or her head with a sheet or towel. For anxiety, stress and tension, canela is considered a relaxing herb (relajante), and a tea for calming the nervous system is prepared using cinnamon sticks and chamomile (manzanilla) flowers. For women’s health conditions, including uterine fibroids and menopausal hot flashes, cinnamon (canela) sticks are added to multi-herb decoctions or tinctures (bebedizos and botellas) to sweeten the bitter flavor of these preparations. Because this plant is considered a sweet herb, la esencia de canela or el espiritu de canela (essential oil or alcohol extract) is used as an ingredient in baths to attract good fortune and positive energy as part of spiritual healing traditions. [Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers]

spice for health food, carminative, nausea and vomiting, diaphoretic. [Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition]

Carminative, antispasmodic, aromatic stimulant, diuretic, haemostatic, astringent, stomachic and germicide. Used in pain balms, cold, cough and gastric troubles. It also has antimicrobial and anti-oxidant properties. [Handbook of herbs and spices Vol 2]

Well known for millennia, and oft mentioned in the Bible, cinnamon was reportedly one of the ingredients in Moses’ holy ointment. Cinnamon tea might be useful for elderly bedridden patients with cold extremities, or in preparing such a patient for a recuperative walk, or cast removal from a fractured extremity. Regarded as antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, diaphoretic, fungicide, stimulant, and stomachic, it is a fragrant cordial, useful for weakness of stomach and diarrhea, checking nausea and vomiting, and used in other medicinal mixtures. Powdered bark in water (or EO, or tiger balm containing many of the same chemicals) is applied to the temple in headaches and neuralgia. Cinnamon bark prevents platelet agglutination and shows antithrombic and antitumor activity. Lebanese use cinnamon as a stimulant, for colds, rheumatism, halitosis, and to check slobbering in young and elderly people. It is also used to loosen coughs. Ayurvedics consider the bark aphrodisiac and tonic, using it for biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, itch, parched mouth, worms, and cardiac, rectal, and urinary diseases. They use the oil for “eructations,” gas, loss of appetite, nausea, and toothache. Unani consider the oil carminative, emmenagogue, and tonic to the liver, using it for abdominal pains, bronchitis, head colds, and inflammation. They consider the bark alexeteric, aphrodisiac, carminative, expectorant, sialagogue, and tonic, using it for gas, headache, hiccup, hydrocele, liver ailments, piles, and scorpion stings. One of our Belizean ecotourists was complaining about a snoring roommate. Famed Belizean herbalist Rosita Aruigo suggests 1 cup of cinnamon tea with 2 tsp grated ginger, adding honey and milk to taste. Drink at bedtime each night until cured. Since I have mentioned one spicy Ayurvedic triad, trikatu (ginger, long pepper, and pepper), I may as well mention another spicy triad, trijataka [cardamom, cinnamon, and “tejapatra,” which I am told is cassia (unidentified in DEP and WOI)], three more aromatics often used together for lengual paralysis, stomach cramps, and toothache. [CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices]

Cinnamon is stated to possess antispasmodic, carminative, orexigenic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, refrigerant and anthelmintic properties. It has been used for anorexia, intestinal colic, infantile diarrhoea, common cold, influenza, and specifically for flatulent colic, and dyspepsia with nausea. Cinnamon bark is also stated to be astringent, and cinnamon oil is reported to possess carminative and antiseptic properties. [Herbal Medicines 3rd Ed]

Mainly used for digestive disorders such as diarrhoea, and flatulent colic or dyspepsia. Cinnamon has also been used for the common cold, and the oil may have antiseptic activity. It has been used in Chinese medicine for circulatory disorders. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]

 Asian traditional medicine for colds, flu, and digestive problems, recent investigations indicate that it has a potent stabilizing effect on blood sugar levels, helping to slow or prevent the onset of diabetes. It is also active against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium commonly linked with stomach ulcers. [Herbal Remedies]

Charaka used the dried leaves and bark of Cinnamomum tamala, in prescriptions, as an aid to rejuvenation, in anaemia, cardiac disorders, fever and externally in body-odour. He included Tvak in a mouthwash. Sushruta prescribed the leaves internally in skin eruptions and blood poisoning; also the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. He used the dried bark as an antispasmodic; externally as an ingredient of a dusting powder for wounds. For erysipelas, Sushruta incorporated the bark for a medicinal plaster. A classical compound of Ashtaanga Hridaya, Sitopalaadi Churna, incorporated Tvak, Elaa (Elettaria cardamomum), Pippli (Piper longum), Tavk- shiri (Bamboo-manna) and sugar, successively double in quantity, for cough and asthma. Among over-the-counter classical Ayurvedic drugs, Elaadi Gutikaa (Bhaishajya Ratnaavali) incorporates Tamaalpatra, and is prescribed in chronic and dry cough; Lavangaadi Churna (Shaarangadhara Samhitaa) contains Cinnamo- mum zeylanicum bark, and is prescribed in anorexia and flatulence. Among Unani compounds, Iyarij-e-Faiqra contains Daarchini as well as Saleekhaa and is prescribed in rheumatism, hemiplegia, Bells Palsy, as a purgative, cathartic. Daarchini has been used as a single drug in Raughan-e-Daarchini, prescribed externally in rheumatism and headache; internally in sexual debility (2-5 drops) and neurasthenia. [Indian Herbal Remedies]

120 Publications of  Cinnamomum verum

Brassica rapa, peltokaali, Majroen, Kolzo, Sawi bunga, Shalgom, Рэпа colza Rübsen, ブラッシカ・ラパ, Шалқан, 순무 (종), Чамгыр

 

Brassica rapa L.Family: Brassicaceae

• Common name: Turnip, Turnip rape, Fast plants, field mustard, Turnip mustard

• Belarusian: Рэпа
• Bengali: শলগম Shalgom
• Chinese: 蔓菁
• Danish: Majroen
• Finnish: peltokaali
• French: colza
• German: Rübsen
• Hindi: शलगम Shalgam, Sarsav
• Icelandic: Næpur
• Ido: Kolzo
• Japanese: ブラッシカ・ラパ
• Kazakh: Шалқан
• Korea: 순무 (종)
• Kyrgyz: Чамгыр
• Malay: Sawi bunga
• Marathi: Kalamohare, Sherasa, Turnip
• Mizo: An-tam
• Norwegian: Nepe
• Persian: کلم راپا
• Polish: Kapusta właściwa
• Portuguese: nabo
• Russian: Репа
• Swedish: rova
• Telugu: నల్ల ఆవాలు Nalla avalu
• Urdu: शलजम Shaljam

Description: This non-native plant is an annual or biennial about 1-3' tall. Small plants are branched sparingly, while large plants branch abundantly in the upper half. The stems are gray-green or gray-blue, terete, glabrous, and glaucous. Plants that begin growth during the fall will overwinter as low rosettes with basal leaves, while plants that begin growth during the spring bolt upward almost immediately. Both the basal and lower leaves are up to 10" long and 2" across, but they are usually smaller than this. They are oblanceolate in overall shape and strongly pinnatifid with undulate or bluntly dentate margins; their terminal lobes are the largest in size. Both types of leaves have stout petioles. In contrast, the middle to upper leaves are smaller in size, lanceolate-oblong in shape, with margins that are smooth or bluntly dentate. These latter leaves have bases that usually clasp their stems, although some of them may be sessile. Like the stems, these various leaves are grey-green or blue-green, glaucous, and usually glabrous – occasionally the basal leaves have short bristly hairs. The lower, middle, and upper leaves are alternate. The upper stems terminate in racemes of bright yellow flowers. The flowers bloom toward the apex of each raceme, while the seedpods develop below. Each flower is 1/3–1/2" across, consisting of 4 yellow petals, 4 green to yellow sepals, several stamens, and a pistil with a single style. The sepals are narrowly lanceolate and hairless. The blooming period can occur anytime between late spring to early fall; it usually lasts about 1 month for a small colony of plants. Each flower is replaced by an ascending cylindrical seedpod (silique) that is 1¼–2¼" long at maturity and hairless. Each seedpod terminates in a seedless beak that is about one-fourth its entire length. At the base of each seedpod, there is a stout hairless pedicel about ½" long that is widely spreading to ascending. Each seedpod divides into 2 valves to release its small globoid seeds. The root system consists of a taproot. This plant reproduces by reseeding itself. 

Uses: For frost bite (of feet), rub heels with roasted turnip. Hot cooked turnips used to cure chilblains. Bound around foot for frostbite. [African American Slave Medicine : Herbal and Non-herbal Treatments]

Oil from the seeds depurative, used as massage on chest for cough and cold. Ceremonial, seeds used in marriage ceremony. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

In Northeast India, the flowers are a delicacy; they are used to make a vegetable soup. The flowers are cleaned and boiled without any herbs, not even salt, and the soup is consumed in a mug along with meals. It is slightly bitter. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-7]

188 Pharmacology / pharmacy related published articles of Brassica rapa

Artemisia nilagirica, Nagadamani, மாசிபத்திரி, దవనము, ಮಾಚಿಪತ್ರೆ, അനന്തൻപച്ച, ନାଗ ଦଅଣା, ਤਤਵੇਣ, નાગદમન

Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp
Family: Asteraceae

• Common name: Indian wormwood, Nilgiri mugwort
• Assamese: দমনা domona, তংলতি tongloti
• Bengali: নাগদানা nagdana
• Garo: khel-bijak
• Gujarati: નાગદમન nagdaman, નાગદૌના nagdauna
• Hindi: दमनक damanak, ध्याम dhyam, दौना dauna, नागदोना nagadona
• Kannada: ಮಾಚಿಪತ್ರೆ machipatre, Manjepatre, Urigattige
• Malayalam: അനന്തൻപച്ച ananta-pacca, കാട്ടുകർപ്പൂരം kattu-kappuram, മക്കിപ്പൂവ് makkippuv, മാസീപത്രി masipatri
• Manipuri: লেইবাক ঙৌ leibakngou
• Marathi: ढोर दवणा dhor davana, गाठोणा gathona, नागदवण nagadavana
• Nepali: तितेपाती titepati
• Odia: ନାଗ ଦଅଣା naga daana
• Punjabi: ਤਤਵੇਣ tatwen
• Sanskrit: दमनक damanaka, नागदमनी nagadamani
• Tamil: மாசிபத்திரி maci-pattiri, மக்கீபூ makkipu, திருநாமச்செடி tirunamacceti
• Telugu: దవనము davanamu, మాచిపత్రి machi-patri
• Tulu: ಮಂಜಪತ್ರೆ manjapatre
• Chinese: 南亚蒿

Description: Undershrubs, ca. 1-3 m tall, aromatic, perennial, fruticose; stems paniculately branched, incanus, pubescent or tomentose. Leaves simple alternate, upper ones sometimes sessile; lamina ca. 1.5-8 x 1-4 cm, ovate, lacerated or pinnatifid, lobes acute, mucronate, pubescent above, white felted below. Capitulum solitary or fascicled in paniculate racemes, globose, ca. 0.2-0.4 cm in diam., yellowish white; involucral bracts 2-3-seriate, oblong-ovate, margins scarious. Achenes minute, oblong-elipsoid, blackish; pappus absent.

 

Uses: Used in Ayurveda. Plant narcotic, a remedy for asthma and brain diseases; tender shoot eaten for headache; intake of leaves and flower tops is poisonous, abortifacient. Leaves and flowers anthelmintic, insecticide, antiseptic. Sedative, smoke of burning dry leaves induces sleep; dry leaves smoked for hallucination; ground leaves applied to cuts and wounds, to stop bleeding; leaf oil applied as local anesthesia; leaves decoction applied on sores; leaves juice in fever and earache, boils, cuts, wounds, acute chest pain, and to stop nose bleeding; leaves juice mixed with water given for high fever and acute abdominal pain; leaves infusion as a bath after returning from the cremation ground. Leaves burnt to drive away insects and also for purification of air. Roots decoction tonic, antispasmodic. Ceremonial, fresh leaves used during religious ceremonies, puja/pooja and marriage; dried flowers used for worshipping the Lord Shiva; superstitious beliefs, plant placed in front of the doors or below the pillows believing that ghosts or spirits never enter the houses. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

 

Used in menstrual disorders. Totos, Garos, and ethnic communities of Dehradun (Uttaranchal), Kashmir, Khed Taluka (Maharashtra) use the whole plant and different parts of the same for various other diseases. In allopathic system the herb, leaves and flowers are used as anthelmintic, antispasmodic and stomachic. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

57 Published articles of Artemisia nilagirica

Dolichandrone spathacea, Mangrove Trumpet Tree, Dolichandrone spathacea neerpongiliyam attukkompoti, දිය දග গড়শিঙ্গা แคทะเล Quao nước

 

Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) Seem.
Family: Bignoniaceae

Synonyms: Bignonia longissima Lour. , Bignonia spathacea L.f., Dolichandrone longissima (Lour.) K.Schum., Dolichandrone rheedei (Spreng.) Seem., Pongelia longiflora Raf. , Spathodea diepenhorstii Miq., Spathodea grandiflora Zipp. ex Span., Spathodea longiflora P.Beauv., Spathodea loureiroana DC., Spathodea luzonica Blanco, Spathodea rheedei Spreng., Spathodea rostrata Span.

Common name: Mangrove Trumpet Tree
Kannada: arkuvoddi
Malayalam: neerpongiliyam, nirpongilium
 Malaya: joran, kulok, tui, tuai
Marathi: Samudrashingi
Philippines: pata, tangas, tanghas, tivi, tiwi, tue, tui, tuwi
Tamil: attukkompoti, attukkompotiyai, kanbillai, kanpilaicceti
Sinhala: දිය දග
Thai: แคทะเล
Bangla: গড়শিঙ্গা
Vietnamese: Quao nước

Uses: Used in Sidha. Powdered seeds for mental illness, hysteria, madness,  nervous  complaints.  Cooked  leaves  applied  for swellings and inflammation.

In Indonesia, the leaves of Dolichandrone spathacea are used to treat thrush. In the Philippines, Dolichandrone spathacea
is used to treat nervous diseases and flatulence. The pharmacological potentials of this interesting plant remain unexplored. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]

6 Published articles of Dolichandrone spathacea

Anemone coronaria, Sasanka věncová, Zawilec wieńcowy, 아네모네, アネモネ, כלנית מצויה, Kronen-Anemone, Հողմածաղիկ պսակավոր, شقيقة النعمان

 

Anemone coronaria L.
Family: Ranunculaceae

Synonyms: Anemone albiflora Rouy & Foucaud, Anemone coccinea Jord., Anemone coronaria f. albiflora Foucaud, Anemone coronaria f. parviflora Boiss., Anemone coronaria f. rosea (Segond) Rouy, Anemone coronaria var. alba (Gilib.) Burnat, Anemone coronaria var. albiflora (Foucaud) Sinno, Anemone coronaria var. chrysanthemifolia auct., Anemone coronaria var. coccinea (Jord.) Burnat, Anemone coronaria var. coerulea auct., Anemone coronaria var. cyanea (Risso) Ardoino, Anemone coronaria var. depauperata Freyn, Anemone coronaria var. incisa Boiss., Anemone coronaria var. mouansii (Segond) Ardoino, Anemone coronaria var. parviflora (Boiss.) Sinno, Anemone coronaria var. phoenicea Ardoino, Anemone coronaria var. plena auct., Anemone coronaria var. purpurea Ardoino, Anemone coronaria var. rissoana (Segond) Ardoino, Anemone coronaria var. rosea (Segond) Batt., Anemone coronaria var. ventreana (Segond) Ardoino, Anemone coronarioides Segond, Anemone cyanea Risso, Anemone eunrenia Sprenger, Anemone grassensis Goaty & Pons, Anemone kusnetzowii Woronow ex Grossh., Anemone mouansii Segond, Anemone nobilis Jord., Anemone oenanthe Ucria, Anemone praestabilis Jord., Anemone pusilla DC., Anemone regina Risso, Anemone rissoana Segond, Anemone rosea Segond, Anemone ventreana Segond, Anemone versicolor Jord., Pulsatilla coronaria Borkh.

Other names:
Arabic: شقيقة النعمان
Armenian: Հողմածաղիկ պսակավոր
Azerbaijani: Çələng əsməsi
Chinese: 银莲花
Czech: Sasanka věncová
French: Anémone couronnée
German: Kronen-Anemone
Hebrew: כלנית מצויה
Japanese: アネモネ
Korean: 아네모네
Persian: آنمون تاجدار
Polish: Zawilec wieńcowy
Russian: Ветреница корончатая
Turkish: Taçlı dağ lalesi

Toxic.Vulnerary, for leprosy, malaria, tuberculosis. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

There are no adequately documented human poisonings, and clinical descriptions are derived primarily from animal reports. Intense pain and inflammation of the mouth with blistering, ulceration, and profuse salivation can occur. Bloody emesis and diarrhoea develop in association with severe abdominal cramps. Central nervous system involvement is manifested by dizziness, syncope, and seizures. [Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants, 2nd Ed]

 

100 Published articles of Anemone coronaria

Scutellaria baicalensis, Baikal Skullcap, Bajkala skutelario, Baikal-Helmkraut, koganebana, hwanggm

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Family: Lamiaceae

Synonyms: Scutellaria adamsii A.Ham. , Scutellaria baicalensis f. albiflora H.W.Jen & Y.J.Chang, Scutellaria davurica Pall. ex Ledeb. , Scutellaria lanceolaria Miq., Scutellaria macrantha Fisch. ex Rchb., Scutellaria speciosa Fisch. ex Turcz.
 

Other names:

• English: Baikal Skullcap
• Chinese: 香水水草
• Esparanto: Bajkala skutelario
• German: Baikal-Helmkraut
• Japanese: koganebana
• Korean: hwanggm, 황금
• Russian: šlemnik bajkal'skij. Шлемник байкальский

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes fleshy, to 2 cm in diam., branched. Stems ascending, (15-)30-120 cm tall, much branched, subglabrous or antrorsely to spreading puberulent. Petiole ca. 2 mm, puberulent; leaf blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 × (0.3-)0.5-1.2 cm, papery, glab-rous or sparsely puberulent, abaxially densely impressed glandular, base rounded, margin entire, apex obtuse. Racemes terminal, 7-15 cm; basal bracts similar to stem leaves, upper ones ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-11 mm, subglabrous. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, puberulent. Calyx ca. 4 mm, ca. 5 mm in fruit, densely puberulent outside, margin ciliate, glabrous inside; scutellum ca. 1.5 mm, ca. 4 mm in fruit. Corolla purple-red to blue, 2.3-3 cm, densely glandular pubescent outside, pubescent on saccate part inside; tube conspicuously bent near base, throat to 6 mm wide; middle lobe of lower lip triangular-ovate, ca. 7.5 mm wide. Nutlets black-brown, ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, tuberculate, adaxially umbonate near base. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.

 

Chinese skullcap root is one of the primary herbal detoxifiers used in Chinese medicine and is especially used for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases, as well as in the treatment of various cancers. Due to the increasing overlap in the trade of Asian and Western botanicals, there is potential for Chinese and Western skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) to become confused in trade. This has thus far not been reported. [American Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Botanical Pharmacognosy—Microscopic Characterization of Botanical Medicines]

Scutellaria baicalensis (Asian skullcap, scute) root extracts are well- established inflammation modulators from traditional Asian medicine. Attention has focused on its flavonoids, wogonin and baicalein in par tic u lar, as potent infl ammation modulators. The potential for internal and topical administration of this herb to help with acne is great, though clinical trials are unfortunately lacking. [Clinical Botanical Medicine]

Diarrhoea, nervous depression, anxiety neurosis and heart disease. [Compendia of World’s Medicinal Flora]

Whole plant a remedy for fatigue, ascites, abdominal pain, pyodermas. Used for traumatic injuries and to reduce inflammation caused by various diseases.[CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

The drug consists of the roots, usually cut into slices is used to promote urination, to quiet pregnant uterus, stimulate respiratory organs, reduce fever, treat jaundice, diarrhea, cancer of the breast, and heal boils. In Korea, the plant is used to treat bacterial infection of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and fever. The plant has attracted a great deal of interest as it elaborates a series of flavones: baicalein, wooing, and oroxylina,  which  bind  antagonistly  to  the  benzodiazepine  binding  site  GABA receptor  [Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants Asia and the Pacific]

The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) have been used in TEM to treat inflammatory and cardiovascular disease. S. baicalensis contains three major polyphenolic components, namely wogonin, baicalin, and baicalein. [Herbal Drugs: Ethnomedicine to Modern Medicine]

Baical skullcap root has been used traditionally, especially in Chinese medicine, as a remedy for inflammation, infections, dermatitis, allergic diseases, hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis and stress-related disorders. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]

Used in both Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine, baical skullcap is a major remedy for allergic and inflammatory states. In traditional terms, it clears “hot and damp” conditions such as fever and dysentery; in the West it is mainly used to treat asthma, hay fever, and allergies. [Herbal Remedies]

Fever, jaundice, inflammation, common cold.[Medicinal Plants in the Republic of Korea]

Antiproliferative effect by mitochondrial damage, modulation of Bcl family of genes, increased level of the CDK-inhibitor p27 and decreased level of c-myc oncogene. [Medicinal plants _ biodiversity and drugs] 

1850 Published articles of Scutellaria baicalensis