Calotropis gigantea Arka, Jilledu, Erukkam Madar

Calotropis gigantea R.Br.
Family: Asclepiadaceae

Arabic : Ushr
Persian : Khark, Zaharnak
Assamese : Akand, Akan
Bengali : Akanda, Akone, আকন্দ aakanda
English : Madar Tree, Gigantic-Swallow-Wort, Mudar.
Gujarati : Akado, Aakado, Akda, Myhara, Retoakah
Hindi : Aak, Madar, Akavana,
Kannada : Ekka, Ekkemale, Arkagida
Kashmiri : Aeka
Malayalam : Erikka, Erikku, Vallerikku
Marathi : Lalrui, Akanda, Lalakara, Rui, अर्क arka, अर्की arki, रुई rui, रुइटी ruiti
Oriya : Akondu, Bikkortono, Kotuki, Arakha
Punjabi : Ak
Sanskrit : Bhanu, Ravi, Tapana, अर्क arka, सदापुष्प sadapushpa
Spanish: lechoso
Tahitian: tahinu
Tamil : Erukku எருக்கு, Badabadam, Yercum
Telugu : Jilledu జిల్లేడు , Mandaramu, Ekke, Arkamu, Nallajilledu
Urdu : Madar, Aak

Note: Though vernacular names are same both for  Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera they are diffreent plants botanically.  In both species white flowers / pink flowers are available. It is a belief that Ganesh made with sweta arka / tella jilledu is good for pooja.

Calotropis procera details are here
175 Published articles on Calotropis gigantea are mentioned below

1. Studies on anti-diarrhoeal activity of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. in experimental animals
2. Flavonol glycosides from Calotropis gigantea
3. Studies on proteinases from Calotropis gigantea latex I. Purification and some properties of two proteinases containing carbohydrate
4. Isolation, crystallization, and properties of calotropins DI and DII from Calotropis gigantea
5. CNS activity of Calotropis gigantea roots
6. Analgesic activity of Calotropis gigantea flower
7. Effect of rare earth elements on growth and nutrition of coconut palm and root competition for these elements between the palm and Calotropis gigantea
8. Studies on proteinases from Calotropis gigantea latex II. Physico-chemical properties of calotropain-FI and FII
9. A novel insect antifeedant nonprotein amino acid from Calotropis gigantea
10. Indonesian medicinal plants. I. Chemical structures of calotroposides A and B, two new oxypregnane-oligoglycosides from the root of Calotropis gigantea (
11. In vitro anti-Candida activity of Calotropis gigantea
12. 19-Nor-and 18, 20-epoxy-cardenolides from the leaves of Calotropis gigantea
13. Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) in experimental animals
14. Procoagulant activity of Calotropis gigantea latex associated with fibrin (ogen) olytic activity
15. Comparative studies on calotropins DI and DII from the latex of Calotropis gigantea
16. Pregnancy interceptive activity of the roots of Calotropis gigantea Linn. in rats
17. Phytoremediation of radiostrontium ( 90 Sr) and radiocesium ( 137 Cs) using giant milky weed ( Calotropis gigantea R. Br.) plants
18. Wound healing activity of Calotropis gigantea root bark in rats
19.  medicinal plants. V. Chemical structures of calotroposides C, D, E, F, and G, five additional new oxypregnane-oligoglycosides from the root of Calotropis gigantea (
20. Tissue culture and plant regeneration from immature embryo explants of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br.
21. Hepatoprotective effects of Calotropis gigantea extract against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats
22. Latex extractables of Calotropis gigantea
23. A new cytotoxic pregnanone from Calotropis gigantea
24. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Calotropis gigantea (AKANDA) in various biological system.
25. Wound healing activity of latex of Calotropis gigantea
26. Antimicrobial Activity of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) on Some Pathogenic Bacteria.
27. Rare chemical constituents from Calotropis gigantea roots
28. Evaluation of wound healing potential of Calotropis gigantea latex studied on excision wounds in experimental rats
29. Studies on Differentiation of Laticifers through Light and Electron Microscopy in Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br.
30. Cytotoxic principles of a Bangladeshi crude drug, akond mul (roots of Calotropis gigantea L.)
31. Laticifer differentiation of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. ex Ait. in cultures
32. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of a plant (Calotropis gigantea Linn) from an industrial village, Cuddalore dt, Tamilnadu, India
33. Anti-inflammatory activity of Calotropis gigantea and Tridax procumbens on carrageenin-induced paw edema in Rats
34. Evaluation of Calotropis gigantea as a Promising Raw Material for Fiber-reinforced Composite
35. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Calotropis gigantea latex extract on selected pathogenic bacteria
36. Cell suspension culture and plant regeneration in the latex-producing plant, Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br.
37. Antifungal activity of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica against Fusarium mangiferae and floral malformation in mango
38. Insecticidal activity of root bark of Calotropis gigantea L. against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
39. Free radical scavenging activity of Calotropis gigantea on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
40. Cytotoxic cardenolides from the leaves of Calotropis gigantea
41. Chemical composition of Calotropis gigantea. Part I. Wax and resin components of the latex
42. An alternate use of Calotropis gigantea: biomethanation.
43. Vasodilatation Effect of Latex from Calotropis gigantea in Green Frog Rana hexadactyla
44. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Calotropis gigantea and Tridax procumbens on Wistar albino rats.
45. Evaluation of antitumour activity of Calotropis gigantea L. root bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice
46. Antimicrobial activity of latex of Calotropis gigantea against pathogenic microorganisms-an in vitro study
47. Assessment of atmospheric PAHs profile through Calotropis gigantea R. Br. leaves in the vicinity of an Indian coal-fired power plant
48. The environmental implications of the use of Calotropis gigantea as a textile fabric
49. Calosterol, a sterol present in the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea
50. Phytochemistry and evaluation of antioxidant activity of whole plant of calotropis gigantea Linn
51. First report of phytoplasma'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii'(16Sr VI) group associated with leaf yellows of Calotropis gigantea in India
52. New and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba: Calotropis gigantea and Gonolobus stephanotrichus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae)
53. Evaluation of starflower (Calotropis gigantea) against golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in lowland transplanted rice
54. Phagostimulants and antifeedants from Calotropis gigantea for Schistocerca gregaria Forskal
55. Cardenolides (Heart Poisons) in the Painted Grasshopper Poecilocerus pictus F.(Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) Feeding on the Milkweed Calotropis gigantea L.(
56. Prevention of high-fructose diet induced insulin resistance by Nyctanthes arbortristis and Calotropis gigantea in rats
57. Inhibition of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma by ethyl acetate extract from the flower of Calotropis gigantea L. in mice
58. Surface and internal lipids of Calotropis gigantea L. leaves
59. Blepharodon ulei Schlechter [GU] Calotropis gigantea (L.) Aiton [GU SU][cultivated, naturalized] Cynanchum blandum (Decne.) Sundell [GU SU FG]
60. Method and preparation of herbal extract of Calotropis gigantea for cancer treatment
61. ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES LEAVES OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA (LINN).
62. Computational selections of terpenes present in the plant Calotropis gigantea as mosquito larvicide's by blocking the sterol carrying protein, AeSCP-2
63. Hepatoprotective Activity of Calotropis gigantea Root Bark Experimental Liver Damage Induced by D-Galactosamine in Rats
64. Larvicidal effect of latex from Calotropis gigantea (L.) WT Aiton against the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)
65. Cytotoxic Cardenolides from the Roots of Calotropis gigantea
66. Evaluation of antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of Calotropis gigantea and Vinca rosea using invitro model
67. Activity of extracts and procesterol from Calotropis gigantea against Entamoeba histolytica.
68. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Anhydrosophoradiol-3-acetate Isolated from Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) Flower
69. Chemical modification and amino terminal sequence of calotropin DI from Calotropis gigantea
70. Phenolic hydroxyl ionization in calotropins from Calotropis gigantea latex
71. SEM-EDS ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND PLANT (CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN) COLLECTED FROM AN INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE, CUDDALORE DT, TAMIL NADU
72. Hypoglycemic Effect of Calotropis gigantea Linn. Leaves and Flowers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
73. Inhibitory effect of Calotropis gigantea extract on Ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and Arachidonic acid induced inflammation in a murine model of asthma
74. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on Calotropis gigantea(L.) R. Br. Latex against selected cariogenic bacteria
75. Use of the milky sap from Calotropis gigantea as a proteolytic enzyme in blood group serology
76. Allelopathic effects of Ageratum conyzoides and Calotropis gigantea on germination and seedling vigour of rice
77. Cardioprotective effect of methanolic root extract of Calotropis gigantea Linn in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats
78. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Calotropis gigantea Linn. Leaves Extract on In-vitro Models.
79. Herbicidal potential of Breynia retusa leaf extract on Calotropis gigantea, Parthenium hysterophorus, Datura metal and Tridax procumbens
80. ChemInform Abstract: New Pentacyclic Triterpenic Esters from the Roots of Calotropis gigantea.
81. PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON LEAVES OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA
82. Impact of asbestos mining on vegetation: A study on Ricinus communis L. and Calotropis gigantea L.
83. An observation on plant spacing of Calotropis gigantea R. Br.
84. FROM CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA R. BR. IN RODENTS
85. EVALUATION OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA R. Br LEAVES
86. Pharmacological evaluation of anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic and expectorant activities of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. in experimental animals.
87. CARDIOTONIC ACTION AND BIOLOGICAL POTENCY OF A SUBSTANCE DERIVED FROM CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA L. DRYAN.
88. Occurrence of a pestiferous insect on Calotropis gigantea from West Bengal.
89. Preparation of Carbonaceous Adsorbent from Plant of Calotropis Gigantea by Thermo-Chemical Activation Process and its Adsorption Behavior for Removal of
90. Mosquitocidal properties of Calotropis gigantea (Family: Asclepiadaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, against the mosquito vectors
91. Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Calotropis gigantea Flowers
92. CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA (Linn.) R. Br.(Asclepiadacese) GIGANTIC SWALLOW-WORT
93. EFFECT OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA FLOWERS EXTRACTS ON MAST CELL DEGRANULATION IN RATS
94. Calotropis gigantea Family: Apocynaceae
95. Reno-Hepatic Degeneration Caused by Extracts of Calotropis Gigantea Linn. in Albino Rats
96. Studies on the method-ethnobotany of Calotropis gigantea and C. procera
97. EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LATEX EXTRACT: AN IN VITRO STUDY
98. Wax and resin components of Calotropis gigantea. Part III. Root bark
99. Cytotoxic cardenolide and sterols from Calotropis gigantea.
100. Pharmacological evaluation of anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic and expectorant activities of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. in experimental animals.
101. ANTI BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN. AGAINST CERTAIN GRAM NEGATIVE AND GRAM POSITIVE
102. Effect of aqueous extracts of different plant parts of milkweed plant (Calotropis gigantea R. Br.) against ovicidal activity on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
103. Larvicidal, repellent and ovicidal activity of Calotropis gigantea against Culex gelidus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae).
104. Phytochemical investigation and anti-arthritic activity of leaves of calotropis gigantea, linn.
105. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LUPEOL, A TRITERPENOID FROM CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LATEX
106. Bioefficacy of Milk Weed Plant, Calotropis gigantea Extract Against Spodoptera litura
107. Cardiac depressant activity of Calotropis gigantea milky latex
108. In vitro cytotoxic potential of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. against human cancer cell lines.
109. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. Flowers
110. EVALUATION OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA ROOT IN EXPERIMENTAL DIARRHEA
111. Pharmacological and toxicological studies of leaf extracts of calotropis gigantea (R. Br)
112. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN USING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
113. Effect of extract of Calotropis gigantea stem on the heart beat of Lamellidens marginalis
114. ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Cardenolides from the Leaves of Calotropis gigantea.
115.  PRELIMINARY PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN. LEAVES EXTRACTS
116. The Use of Ammonium Sulphate for Partial Purification of Proteases Obtained from the Latex of Milkweed Plant (Calotropis gigantea)
117. Effect of milkweed plant, Calotropis gigantea R. Br. on biochemical constituents of some important storage pests.
118. Nerve muscle activity of milky latex from Calotropis gigantea in Rana hexadactyla
119. CHARACTERIZATION OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA SEED OIL FAM.(ASCLEPIADACEAE).
120. Anti-diabetic potential of chloroform extract of flowers of Calotropis gigantea: An in vitro and in vivo study
121. Anthelmintic activity of Calotropis gigantea roots.
122. Chemical composition of Calotropis gigantea. Part IV. The resinols of the root bark
123.  BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POECILOCERUS PICTUS (FABRICIUS) FEEDING ON CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
124.  : Reference to Aphis nerii Boyr.(Homoptera: Aphidae) and Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabr.(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the milkweed, Calotropis gigantea L.(
125. Antimicrobial Screening and Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay of Calotropis gigantea (Fam: Asclepiadaceae)
126. Cytotoxic activity of Ethanolic root extract of Calotropis gigantea Linn
127. Basic information for varietal improvement of crown flower (Calotropis gigantea)
128. CONTRACEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF CRUDE AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN. IN MALE ALBINO RATS.
129. Evaluation of the toxicity of different plant part extracts of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. against important storage pests.
130. In vitro anti-Candida activity of Calotropis gigantea.
131. Biodiversity of the Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.
132. Analysis of Calotropis gigantea, Acacia Caesia and Abelmoschus Ficulneus seeds
133. Effect of potassiumchlorate (KClO3) on flowering of crown flower (Calotropis gigantea R. Br.)
134. Improved cardenolide production in Calotropis gigantea hairy roots using mechanical wounding and elicitation
135. FIRST REPORT OF GROUNDNUT BUD NECROSIS VIRUS ON CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA
136. PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA ON VARIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS: A REVIEW
137. Allelopathic effect of Calotropis gigantea on seed germination and seedling vigour of Triticum aestivum variety GW-273.
138. Meat Tenderization using Protease of Biduri Plant (Calotropis gigantea)
139. Comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of Poecilocerus pictus and Calotropis gigantea.
140. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES AND LATEX EXTRACT OF THE HERBAL PLANT CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA (ERUKKU IN TAMIL)
141. Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles through Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts and evaluation of antibacterial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus
142. A new leaf spot disease of Calotropis gigantea caused by Alternaria alternata in Rajasthan, India.
143. Studies on anti-convulsant activity of stem barks of Calotropis gigantea Linn. in experimental animals
144. Chemical composition of Calotropis gigantea. Part II. Wax and resin components of the stem bark
145. Phytochemical Investigation And Anticonvulsant Activity Of Roots And Barks Of Calotropis Gigantea (Linn.)
146. Clinical efficacy of Terminalia arjuna, Semecarpus anacardium, Parmelia perlata, Colchicum luteum and Calotropis gigantea in Ischaemic heart disease
147. ChemInform Abstract: New Ursane‐Type Triterpenic Esters from the Roots of Calotropis gigantea
148. Cardiac depressant activity of Calotropis gigantea milky latex
149. EVALUATION OF ANTIFERTILITY POTENTIAL OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN. IN FEMALE ALBINO RATS.
150. METHOD AND PREPARATION OF HERBAL EXTRACT OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA FOR CANCER TREATMENT
151. Pharmacological activities of Calotropis gigantea: A Perspective
152. Lupeol, a triterpenoid isolated from Calotropis gigantea latex ameliorates the primary and secondary complications of FCA induced adjuvant disease in experimental
153. HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF DIFFERENT PART OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN
154. Cytotoxic compounds from Poecilocerus pictus feeding on Calotropis gigantea.
155. Comparative antibacterial activity of Tridax procumbens, Calotropis gigantea and Calendulla officinalis leaf extracts against clinical isolates from wound
156. Energy-produced Components in Calotropis gigantea
157. Purification and Partial Characterization of Protease from Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) Latex
158. A Review on Pharmacological and Phytochemical Profile of Calotropis Gigantea Linn
159. Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation and Screening of Antiasthmatic activity of the roots of Calotropis gigantea Linn
160. Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation and Screening of Anticonvulsant Activity of leaves of Calotropis gigantea Linn
161. Antioxidant Potential and Protection of Pancreatic?-cells by Calotropis gigantea in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Rats
162. Purification and Partial Characterization of Protease from Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) Latex Vol 18, No 1, 2007
163. ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI TANAMAN WIDURI (Calotropis gigantea. R. Br.)
164. Efek pemberian secara sistemik ekstrak metanolik getah biduri (Calotropis gigantea) terhadap jumlah Neutrofil dan ekspresi Cox-2 pada model inflamasi Kajian pada
165. Calotropis gigantea (WiIld) Dryand ex. Ait. f terhadap Brugia Malayi pada Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): Antifilarial Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Calotropis gigantea
166. Activity of widuri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea)(Dicotyledoneae: Asclepiadaceae) against Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
167. Pengempukan Daging dengan Enzim Protease Tanaman Biduri (Calotropis gigantea)
168. Struktur dan perkembangan ginostemium bunga widuri (Calotropis gigantea Dryand)
169. Analisis Spektroskopi Senyawa Bioaktif Alkaloid dan Terpenoid Daun Widuri (Calotropis gigantea R. Br.)
170. EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LEAVES
171. Hepatoprotektivno djelovanje ekstrakta biljke Calotropis gigantea na oštećenje jetre štakora tetraklormetanom
172. インドネシア薬用植物 Calotropis gigantea (ガガイモ科) 根に含有される 5 種の新規オキシプレグナンオリゴ配糖体カロトロボシド C, D, E, F 及び G の化学構造 (発表論文抄録 (
173. Anti-anaphylactic and mast cell stabilizing effect of Calotropis gigantea extract
174. DEKLOROFILASI EKSTRAK PROTEASE DARI TA NAMAN BIDURI (Calotropis gigantea) DENGAN ABSORBAN CELITE
175. KARAKTERISASI HIDROLISAT PROTEIN KEDELAI HASIL HIDROLISIS MENGGUNAKAN PROTEASE DARI TANAMAN BIDURI (Calotropis gigantea)