Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., Aleurites ambinux Pers. , Aleurites angustifolia Vieill. , Aleurites angustifolia Vieill. ex Guillaumin , Aleurites commutata Geiseler , Aleurites cordifolia (Gaertn.) Steud. , Aleurites cordifolius (Gaertn.) Steud. , Aleurites integrifolia Vieill. , Aleurites integrifolia Vieill. ex Guillaumin , Aleurites javanica Gand. , Aleurites lanceolata Blanco , Aleurites lobata Blanco , Aleurites moluccana var. aulanii O.Deg. & I.Deg. , Aleurites moluccana var. floccosa Airy Shaw , Aleurites moluccana var. katoi O.Deg., I.Deg. & Stone , Aleurites moluccana var. remyi (Sherff) Stone , Aleurites moluccana var. serotina O.Deg. & Sherff , Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. , Aleurites moluccanus var. serotinus O. Deg. & Sherff , Aleurites pentaphylla Wall. , Aleurites remyi Sherff , Aleurites triloba J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. , Camerium moluccanum (L.) Kuntze , Camirium cordifolium Gaertn. , Camirium oleosum Reinw. ex Blume , Camirium oleosum Reinw. ex Müll. Arg. , Dryandra oleifera Lam. , Jatropha moluccana L. , Juglans camirium Lour. , Mallotus moluccanus (L.) Müll.Arg. , Manihot moluccana (L.) Crantz , Ricinus dicoccus Roxb. , Rottlera moluccana (L.) Scheff. , Telopea perspicua Sol. ex Seem.Common Names: Candle Nut, Candleberry, Indian walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Kukui nut tree
Hindi: जंगली आख़रोट Jangli akhrot, अख़रोट Akhrot
Kannada: Akroda, Natakrodu, Arkod, Naadu aakrotu
Malayalam: Akrottu, Akshotam, Karankolam, Vadam
Marathi: रामाखरोट Ramakrot, अखरोड Akhod, Japhala, Ranakot
Oriya: Akshota
Sanskrit: Akharota, Akhota, Akshota, Asphotaka, Gudashaya
Tamil: நாட்டு அகரொட்டு Nattu akrottu, Woodooga
Telugu: Uduga, Natu akrotu
Description: It is a tree which grows to a height of 18m and a girth of 50 cm. It grows in the geographic area spanning Malaysia and the Pacific Islands. When cut, the bark exudes a clear watery sap. The stems, petioles, and blades are covered with a whitish starry tomentum. Leaves: simple, spiral and without stipules. The petiole is 11.5 cm–15 cm and thin. The blade is lanceolate, rigid, 3–5-lobed, 7.8 cm × 4 cm–12.5 cm × 16.2 cm and marked at the base with a pair of 1mm diameter, disc-shaped glands. The margin is recurved. The nervations are raised on both surfaces of the blade which shows 6–7 pairs of secondary nerves. The inflorescences are terminal panicles.The calyx is 2.5mm long, 2–3-lobed and covered with a whitish starry tomentum. The corolla is 1.3 cm across.
Folk Medicinal Uses: Amenorrhea, Traumatic hemorrhage. Adverse effects: Toxic; not for use in pregnancy. [International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine. Part-IV]
Antifeedant, Aperient, Aphrodisiac, Cardiotonic,; Carminative, Diaphoretic, Expectorant, Hematonic,; Laxative, Piscicide, Stimulant.
Indications — Arthrosis, Asthma, Bleeding, Constipation,; Diarrhea, Dysentery, Edema, Fever, Gas,; Gonorrhea, Headache, Hematochezia, Hemorrhoid,Hydrophobia, Rheumatism, Ringworm, Sore, Sprue, Swelling, Tumor, Ulcer.
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects — Toxic and irritant. Seeds dangerous to eat [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]
Seed-oil is slightly purgative and also a drying substance (siccative) [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]
Young leaves taken internally for children’s fever and convulsions. [Samoan Medicinal Plants]
47 Published articles of Aleurites triloba / Aleurites moluccana
1. Validation of the Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Major Flavonoids in Spray- Dryed Leaf Extract of Aleurites moluccana L. Willd
Cesca, Talita Gesser; Block, Luciana Catia; Machado, Marina Silva; et al. - CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Pages: 349-359 Published: NOV 2012
2. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and wound healing features in animal models treated with a semisolid herbal medicine based on Aleurites moluccana L. Willd. Euforbiaceae standardized leaf extract Semisolid Herbal
Cesca, T. G.; Faqueti, L. G.; Rocha, L. W.; et al. - JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY Volume: 143 Issue: 1 Pages: 355-362 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.051 Published: AUG 30 2012
3. Aleurites moluccana and its main active ingredient, the flavonoid 2 ''-O-rhamnosylswertisin, have promising antinociceptive effects in experimental models of hypersensitivity in mice
Quintao, Nara L. M.; Antonialli, Carla S.; da Silva, Gislaine F.; et al. - PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR Volume: 102 Issue: 2 Pages: 302-311 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.05.005 Published: AUG 2012
4. Megastigmanes from Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. (Euphorbiaceae)
da Silva, Denise Brentan; Alves Fernandes, Eduardo Felipe; Ferreira, Leandro de Santis; et al. - BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY Volume: 40 Pages: 34-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2011.09.014 Published: FEB 2012
5. Megastigmanes from Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. (Euphorbiaceae).
Silva, D. B. da; Fernandes, E. F. A.; Ferreira, L. de S.; et al. - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology Volume: 40 Pages: 34-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2011.09.014 Published: 2012
6. Vegetable oil production potential from Jatropha curcas, Croton megalocarpus, Aleurites moluccana, Moringa oleifera and Pachira glabra: Assessment of renewable energy resources for bio-energy production in Africa
Kibazohi, O.; Sangwan, R. S. - BIOMASS & BIOENERGY Volume: 35 Issue: 3 Pages: 1352-1356 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.048 Published: MAR 2011
7. Assay of Total Flavonoids in Dried Extract of Aleurites moluccana
Matos, Denise C. S.; Meyre-Silva, Christiane; Silva, Ruth M. L.; et al. - LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Volume: 30 Issue: 2 Pages: 213-219 Published: MAR 2011
8. Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.: ecology, silviculture and productivity.
Krisnawati, H.; Kallio, M. H.; Kanninen, M. - Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.: ecology, silviculture and productivity Pages: vi + 9 pp. Published: 2011
9. Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Leaves: Mechanical Antinociceptive Properties of a Standardized Dried Extract and Its Chemical Markers
Quintao, Nara L. M.; Meyre-Silva, Christiane; Silva, Gislaine F.; et al. - EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/179890 Published: 2011
10. Anthropogenic Vegetation Contributions to Polynesia's Social Heritage: The Legacy of Candlenut Tree (Aleurites moluccana) Forests and Bamboo (Schizostachyum glaucifolium) Groves on the Island of Tahiti
Larrue, Sebastien; Meyer, Jean-Yves; Chiron, Thomas - ECONOMIC BOTANY Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Pages: 329-339 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12231-010-9130-3 Published: DEC 2010
11. Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Lignin from Aleurites moluccana (Candlenut) Nutshells
Klein, Andrew P.; Beach, Evan S.; Emerson, John W.; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 58 Issue: 18 Pages: 10045-10048 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf1019856 Published: SEP 22 2010
12. Antibacterial Activity of Aleurites Moluccana (Euphorbiaceae) against Some Clinical Isolates
Abd, Samah Othman; Mohamad, Razar Rasyidah - RESEARCH JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Pages: 25-30 Published: AUG 2010
13. Evaluation of kukui oil (Aleurites moluccana) for controlling termites
Nakayama, F. S.; Osbrink, W. L. - INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Pages: 312-315 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.11.009 Published: MAR 2010
14. Synthesis of Laurylchitosan and Its Use in the Separation of Flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion
Stenger, Fernanda Cristina; Cechinel-Filho, Valdir; Meyre-Silva, Christiane; et al. - CHROMATOGRAPHIA Volume: 69 Supplement: 2 Pages: 183-187 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1016-0 Published: JUN 2009
15. Three novel 3,4-seco-podocarpane trinorditerpenoids from Aleurites moluccana
Liu, Haiyang; Di, Yingtong; Yang, Junyun; et al. - TETRAHEDRON LETTERS Volume: 49 Issue: 35 Pages: 5150-5151 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.088 Published: AUG 25 2008
16. Primary study on oil wood ( Aleurites moluccana).
Liu ChangSheng; Huang FengHong; Li ChongYi; et al. - Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences Volume: 30 Issue: 1 Pages: 106-107 Published: 2008
17. Four new podocarpane-type trinorditerpenes from Aleurites moluccana
Liu, Hai-Yang; Li, Shi-Jin; Zhao, Yi; et al. - HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA Volume: 90 Issue: 10 Pages: 2017-2023 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200790209 Published: 2007
18. The use of chitosan modified with glutaraldehyde and glyoxal as chromatographic support for the separation of flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana leaves
Morsch, M.; Girardi, L. G. J.; Cechinel-Filho, V.; et al. - PHARMAZIE Volume: 61 Issue: 8 Pages: 670-672 Published: AUG 2006
19. Separation of flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana leaves using chitosan modified with heptaldehyde
Morsch, M; Girardi, LGJ; Cechinel, V; et al. - ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES Volume: 59 Issue: 9-10 Pages: 649-652 Published: SEP-OCT 2004
20. Isolation of flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana using chitosan modified with benzaldehyde (CH-Bz) as chromatographic support
Girardi, LGJ; Morsch, M; Cechinel, V; et al. - PHARMAZIE Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Pages: 629-630 Published: SEP 2003
21. Hypolipidaemic activity of methanol extract of Aleurites moluccana
Pedrosa, RC; Meyre-Silva, C; Cechinel, V; et al. - PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH Volume: 16 Issue: 8 Pages: 765-768 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1046 Published: DEC 2002
22. Separation of C-glycoside flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana using chitin and full N-acetylated chitin
Morsch, M; Girardi, LGJ; Cechinel, V; et al. - ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES Volume: 57 Issue: 9-10 Pages: 957-959 Published: SEP-OCT 2002
23. A new phorbol diester from Aleurites moluccana
Satyanarayana, P; Kumar, KA; Singh, SK; et al. - FITOTERAPIA Volume: 72 Issue: 3 Pages: 304-306 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00314-2 Published: MAR 2001
24. Isolation of a C-glycoside flavonoid with antinociceptive action from Aleurites moluccana leaves
Meyre-Silva, C; Yunes, RA; Santos, ARS; et al. - PLANTA MEDICA Volume: 65 Issue: 3 Pages: 293-294 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960785 Published: APR 1999
25. Preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Aleurites moluccana leaves [L.] Willd.
Meyre-Silva, C; Mora, TC; Biavatti, MW; et al. - PHYTOMEDICINE Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Pages: 109-113 Published: APR 1998
26. The use of kemiri seed meal ( Aleurites moluccana willd.) in native chicken diets.
Resnawati, H.; Iskandar, S.; Surayah - Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Pages: 154-157 Published: 1998
27. A triterpene and a flavonoid C-glycoside from Aleurites moluccana L. Willd. (Euphorbiaceae)
Meyre-Silva, Christiane; Mora, Ticiana C.; Soares Santos, Adair R.; et al. - Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense Volume: 16 Issue: 3 Pages: 169-172 Published: July-Sept., 1997
28. Tung oil ( Aleurites moluccana, Willd). Note I: Characteristics of the lipidic fraction and prospective utilization.
Giuffre, F.; Neri, A.; Poiana, M.; et al. - Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse Volume: 73 Issue: 10 Pages: 475-478 Published: 1996
29. MOLUCCANIN, A COUMARINOLIGNOID FROM ALEURITES-MOLUCCANA
SHAMSUDDIN, T; RAHMAN, W; KHAN, SA; et al. - PHYTOCHEMISTRY Volume: 27 Issue: 6 Pages: 1908-1909 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80480-1 Published: 1988
30. Trial planting of kemiri ( Aleurites moluccana) in a shifting cultivation area at Tanjung Bintang, South Lampung, Sumatra.
Gintings, A. N.; Semadi, I. G. K. - Laporan, Lembaga Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Indonesia Issue: 339 Pages: vii + 51 pp. Published: 1980
31. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PHYLLOPLANE OF ALEURITES-MOLUCCANA EUPHORBIACEAE
BORY G; CLAIR-MACZULAJTYS D - Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-14 Published: 1977
32. Hastening the germination of lumbang (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.) seeds.
Eakle, T. W.; Garcia, A. S. - Sylvatrop Volume: 2 Issue: 4 Pages: 291-295 Published: 1977
33. Anatomical structure of Lumbang [Aleurites moluccana] as regards woolliness in veneer manufacture.
Alonzo, D. S.; Lopez, F. R.; Valmonte, A. D. - Forpride Digest Volume: 3 Issue: 3/4 Pages: 71 Published: 1974
34. THE OZONOLYSIS OF PHILIPPINE UNSATURATED OILS PART 2 LUMBANG ALEURITES-MOLUCCANA
ARIDA V P; BORLAZA F C - Philippine Journal of Science Volume: 101 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 93-95 Published: 1972
35. THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF LUMBANG-BATO-D ALEURITES-MOLUCCANA-D
YOUNG R G; JANOLINO V G; BARRIL C R - Philippine Agriculturist Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Pages: 95-99 Published: 1969
36. AN EXAMINATION OF EUPHORBIACEAE OF HONG KONG .1. OCCURRENCE OF TRITERPENOIDS
HUI, WH; HO, CT - AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Volume: 21 Issue: 6 Pages: 1675-& Published: 1968
37. PRELIMINARY VOLUME TABLE FOR ALEURITES-MOLLUCCANA-D
HUTADJULU S - Rimba Indonesia Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 64-69 Published: 1967
38. PLANTS USED FOR DYEING IN POLYNESIA HUMAN BISCHOFIA-JAVANICA-D CASUARINA-EQUISETIFOLIA-D FICUS-TINCTORIA-D CORDIA-SUBCORDATA-D CURCUMA-LONGA-M ALEURITES-MOLUCCANA-D MORINDA-CITRIFOLIA-D EUGENIA-MAIRE-D DIANELLA-LAVARUM-M DIANELLA-SANDWICENSIS-M ABUTILON-INCANUM-D
ZEPERNICK B - Willdenowia Issue: 5 Pages: 3-97 Published: 1967
39. A note on the silviculture of: I. Salmalia malabarica; II. Alstonia scholaris; III. Aleurites triloba.
Joseph, P. V. - Ceylon Forester Volume: 5 Issue: 1/2 Pages: 113-5 Published: 1961
40. Contribution to the knowledge of Aleurites moluccana Willd
DITTMAR, H. F. K. - PHARMAZEUT ZENTRALHALLE DEUTSCHLAND Volume: 94 Pages: 393-400 Published: 1955
41. Candlenut (A. moluccana) oil and its drying properties
KEHREN, L. - OLEAGINEUX Volume: 5 Issue: (6) Pages: 359-363 Published: 1950
42. Chromosomes in A. moluccana
GOES, O. C. - ARQ JARDIM BOT RIO DE JANEIRO Volume: 7 Pages: 5-10 Published: 1947
43. THE COMPONENT ACIDS AND GLYCERIDES OF AUSTRALIAN LUMBANG OIL
GUNSTONE, FD; HILDITCH, TP - JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY-LONDON Volume: 66 Issue: 7 Pages: 205-208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5000660702 Published: 1947
44. Contribution to a chemical study of the Iguape nut (Aleurites moluccana)
BUHRER, N. E. - ARQ BIOL TECNOL Volume: 2 Pages: 21-29 Published: 1947
45. Ceylon candlenut oil, Aleurites moluccana (Linn.) Willd
CHILD, REGINALD - OIL AND SOAP Volume: 18 Issue: (11) Pages: 224-226 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02547734 Published: 1941
46. Der brasilianische Iguape-Nussbaum
FREISE, FRED. W. - TROPENPFLANZER Volume: 37 Issue: (1) Pages: 59-64 Published: 1934
47. Use of oil of Aleurites triloba or Aleurites moluccana in the treatment of leprosy
Wayson, JT - ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOLOGY Volume: 4 Issue: 6 Pages: 818-818 Published: DEC 1921
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