Cananga odorata Sampangi Champaka

Cananga odorata [Lam.] Hook f. & Thomson
Family: Annonaceae

Synonyms: Cananga mitrastigma (F.Muell.) Domin , Cananga odorata var. velutina (Blume) Koord. & Valeton , Cananga scortechinii King , Canangium mitrastigma (F.Muell.) Domin , Canangium odoratum (Lam.) King , Canangium scortechinii King , Fitzgeraldia mitrastigma F.Muell. , Unona odorata (Lam.) Baill. , Uvaria odorata Lam.

Common name: Ylang Ylang
Marathi: Chape
Tamil: காட்டு சம்பகம் Kattu chempakam
Telugu: చంపకము champakamu, sampangi  Chettu సంపంగి చెట్టు
Kannada: ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಚಮ್ಪಕ Apurva champaka
Costarica: ilang-ilang
Malayalam: Pachachempakam

other names: canang odorant (French), chirang, irang (Palau), derangerang, derangirang (Nauru), ilahnglahng, ilanlang (Kosrae), ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Guam, CNMI), ilangilang, lengileng, alangilang, pur-n-wai, pwurenwai,, seir en wai (Pohnpei), ilanilan (Marshall Islands), lanalana (Hawai'i), makosoi, mokohoi, makasui, mokosoi (Fiji), mohokoi (Tonga), moso'oi (Samoa), moto'i (French Polynesia), moto'oi, mata'oi, mato'oi (Cook Islands, Niue,Tahiti), motoi (Marquesas-Nukuhiva, Niue), mutui (Marquesas-Fatuhiva), pwalang (Puluwat Atoll), pzvanang, pwuur, pwalang (Chuuk), sa'o (Solomon Islands: Kwara'ae), ylang ylang, perfume tree, cananga, cadmia (English), ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Philippines)

C. odorata is a fast-growing tree of the custard-apple family Annonaceae. Its growth exceeds 5 m (15 ft) per year and attains an average height of 12 m (40 ft). It grows in full or partial sun, and prefers the acidic soils of its native rainforest habitat. The evergreen leaves are smooth and glossy, oval, pointed and with wavy margins, and 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long. The flower is drooping, long-stalked, with six narrow, greenish-yellow (rarely pink) petals, rather like a sea star in appearance, and yields a highly fragrant essential oil.

Chemical constitutents: Linalool, Germacrene, Geranyl acetate, Caryophyllene, p-cresyl methyl ether, Methyl benzoate, Sesquiterpenes

The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. It is believed to relieve high blood pressure, normalize sebum secretion for skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac. According to Margaret Mead, it was used as such by South Pacific natives such as the Samoan Islanders where she did much of her research. The oil from ylang-ylang is widely used in perfumery for oriental or floral themed perfumes. Ylang-ylang blends well with most floral, fruit and wood scents.

In Indonesia, ylang-ylang flowers are spread on the bed of newlywed couples. In the Philippines, its flowers, together with the flowers of the sampaguita, are strung into a necklace (lei) and worn by women and used to adorn religious images. Ylang-ylang is a common flavoring in Madagascar for ice cream.

Traditional Medicinal Uses: It is used for asthma, malaria, fever, cholera, typhoid, scabies, dermatitis, ulcer and wounds. The seeds are used for stomach complaints with fever and in Indonesia, the bark is used for scabies.[3] In Malaysia, a paste of fresh flowers is applied to the chest for asthma and to treat malaria. In Solomon islands, a paste of fresh flowers is applied to boils while in India, the essential oil from the flowers makes an external remedy for cephalgia, ophthalmia and gout. [ A Guide to Medicinal Plants An Illustrated - Scientific and Medicinal Approach] Anti-rheumatism, antimalarial, antidiarrhoeal.
The oil obtained by distillation of the flowers is the Cananga oil or ylang-ylang oil, which is used to make perfumes. Cananga oil added to  coconut oil and other ingredients makes the Macassar oil which was so familiar to the well-groomed Victorian and Edwardian males.The British Standards Institution has published standard specifications for Cananga oil (BS 2991/1:1965). Cananga oil contains geraniol, linalool esters of acetic and benzoic acids, p-cresol methyl ester, cadidene, some sesquiterpenes and phenols [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]

34 Published articles of Cananga odorata
1.    Variations in the essential oils from ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata [Lam.] Hook f. & Thomson forma genuina) in the Western Indian Ocean islands
Benini, Celine; Ringuet, Melanie; Wathelet, Jean-Paul; et al. - FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL  Volume: 27   Issue: 5   Pages: 356-366   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3106   Published: SEP 2012

2.    Comparative Chemical and Molecular Variability of Cananga odorata (LAM.) HOOK.f. & THOMSON forma genuina (Ylang-Ylang) in the Western Indian Ocean Islands: Implication for Valorization
Benini, Celine; Mahy, Gregory; Bizoux, Jean-Philippe; et al. - CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY  Volume: 9   Issue: 7   Pages: 1389-1402   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201100306   Published: JUL 2012

3.    Effect of Picking Time on Essential Oil Yield of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata)
Muchjajib, U.; Muchjajib, S. - XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): A NEW LOOK AT MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS SEMINAR  Book Series: Acta Horticulturae   Volume: 925   Pages: 243-248   Published: 2011

4.    Megastigmane glucosides and an unusual monoterpene from the leaves of Cananga odorata var. odorata, and absolute structures of megastigmane glucosides isolated from C. odorata var. odorata and Breynia officinalis
Matsunami, Katsuyoshi; Nagashima, Jiro; Sugimoto, Sachiko; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES  Volume: 64   Issue: 4   Pages: 460-467   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-010-0434-5   Published: OCT 2010

5.    The unusual canangafruticosides A-E: Five monoterpene glucosides, two monoterpenes and a monoterpene glucoside diester of the aryldihydronaphthalene lignan dicarboxylic acid from leaves of Cananga odorata var. fruticosa
Nagashima, Jiro; Matsunami, Katsuyoshi; Otsuka, Hideaki; et al. - PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 71   Issue: 13   Pages: 1564-1572   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.06.009   Published: SEP 2010

6.    Ylang-ylang [Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson]: a barely known essential oil plant in an industry at risk
Benini, Celine; Danflous, Jean-Paul; Wathelet, Jean-Paul; et al. - BIOTECHNOLOGIE AGRONOMIE SOCIETE ET ENVIRONNEMENT  Volume: 14   Issue: 4   Pages: 693-705   Published: 2010

7.    Study of the aerosol fragrances of eugenol derivatives in Cananga odorata using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography
Kuo, Su-Ching; Chuang, Shien-Kai; Lin, Ho-Yang; et al. - ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA  Volume: 653   Issue: 1   Pages: 91-96   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.034   Published: OCT 19 2009

8.    Effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction from Cananga odorata flower petal explant
Nurazah, Z.; Radzali, M.; Syahida, A.; et al. - AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY  Volume: 8   Issue: 12   Pages: 2740-2743   Published: JUN 17 2009

9.    Spermatotoxic effects of Cananga odorata (Lam): a comparison with gossypol
Pankajakshy, Anitha; Madambath, Indira - FERTILITY AND STERILITY  Volume: 91   Issue: 5   Pages: 2243-2246   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.075   Published: MAY 2009

10.    Tissue Culture and Essential Oil Production From Callus Cultures of Ilang-Ilang [Cananga odorata (Lamk) Hook.f. & Thomson]
Lindain, Andrea F.; Reglos, Rocelie A.; de Guzman, Constancio C.; et al. - PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL SCIENTIST  Volume: 91   Issue: 3   Pages: 251-260   Published: SEP 2008

11.    Impact of feeding ethanolic extract of root bark of Cananga odorata (Lam) on reproductive functions in male rats
Anitha, P.; Indira, M. - Indian Journal of Experimental Biology  Volume: 44   Issue: 12   Pages: 976-980   Published: DEC 2006

12.    Botanical briefs: Ylang-ylang oil - Extracts from the tree Cananga odorata
Saedi, N; Crawford, GH - CUTIS  Volume: 77   Issue: 3   Pages: 149-150   Published: MAR 2006

13.    Antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the bark of Cananga odorata
Rahman, MM; Lopa, SS; Sadik, G; et al. - FITOTERAPIA  Volume: 76   Issue: 7-8   Pages: 758-761   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.08.011   Published: DEC 2005

14.    Unusual lactones from Cananga odorata (Annonaceae)
Caloprisco, E; Fourneron, JD; Faure, R; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 50   Issue: 1   Pages: 78-80   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0105079   Published: JAN 2 2002

15.    Cytotoxic constituents of the fruits of Cananga odorata
Hsieh, TJ; Chang, FR; Chia, YC; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 64   Issue: 5   Pages: 616-619   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0005208   Published: MAY 2001

16.    The constituents of Cananga odorata
Hsieh, TJ; Chang, FR; Wu, YC - JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 46   Issue: 4   Pages: 607-611   Published: AUG 1999

17.    HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques
Stashenko, EE; Prada, NQ; Martinez, JR - HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY  Volume: 19   Issue: 6   Pages: 353-358   Published: JUN 1996

18.    A STUDY OF THE COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK-FIL-ET-THOMSON, FORMA-GENUINA) DURING FLOWER DEVELOPMENT
STASHENKO, EE; TORRES, W; MORALES, JRM - HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY  Volume: 18   Issue: 2   Pages: 101-104   Published: FEB 1995

19.    HRGC AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM COLOMBIAN YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK-FIL-ET-THOMSON, FORMA-GENUINA)
STASHENKO, E; MARTINEZ, JR; MACKU, C; et al. - HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY  Volume: 16   Issue: 7   Pages: 441-444   Published: JUL 1993

20.    LEAF STRUCTURE OF CANANGA-ODORATA (ANNONACEAE) IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF PHOTOSYNTHATE AND PHLOEM LOADING - MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY
FISHER, DG - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE  Volume: 68   Issue: 2   Pages: 354-363   Published: FEB 1990

21.    ULTRASTRUCTURE AND PLASMODESMATAL FREQUENCY IN THE LEAF OF CANANGA-ODORATA ANNONACEAE IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF ASSIMILATE AND PHLOEM LOADING
FISHER D G - American Journal of Botany  Volume: 76   Issue: 6 SUPPL   Pages: 33-34   Published: 1989

22.    ANATOMY OF THE LEAF OF CANANGA-ODORATA ANNONACEAE IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF ASSIMILATE AND PHLOEM LOADING
FISHER D G - American Journal of Botany  Volume: 76   Issue: 6 SUPPL   Pages: 34   Published: 1989

23.    THE ALKALOID OF CANANGA-ODORATA (I), ISOLATION OF A NEW BASE, USHINSUNINE N-OXIDE
YANG, TH; HUANG, WY - JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 35   Issue: 4   Pages: 305-307   Published: AUG 1988

24.    MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA-ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS - APPLICATION TO YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK FIL ET THOMSON, FORMA GENUINA) GRADES CLASSIFICATION
GAYDOU, EM; RANDRIAMIHARISOA, RP; BIANCHINI, JP; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 36   Issue: 3   Pages: 574-579   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a042   Published: MAY-JUN 1988

25.    STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM CANANGA-ODORATA IN THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND THE FLOWERED PERIODS
DING J; YI Y; YI W; et al. - Acta Botanica Yunnanica  Volume: 10   Issue: 3   Pages: 331-334   Published: 1988

26.    FLORAL BIOLOGY OF AN ANNONACEAE INTRODUCED IN IVORY COAST CANANGA-ODORATA LAM. HOOK. F. AND THOMS
DEROIN T - Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Section B Adansonia Botanique Phytochimie  Volume: 10   Issue: 4   Pages: 377-394   Published: 1988

27.    COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK FIL ET THOMSON FORMA-GENUINA) FROM MADAGASCAR
GAYDOU, EM; RANDRIAMIHARISOA, R; BIANCHINI, JP - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 34   Issue: 3   Pages: 481-487   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a028   Published: MAY-JUN 1986

28.    SAMPANGINE, A NEW ALKALOID FROM CANANGA-ODORATA
RAO, JUM; GIRI, GS; HANUMAIAH, T; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 49   Issue: 2   Pages: 346-347   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50044a029   Published: MAR-APR 1986

29.    AROMA CONSTITUENTS OF CANANGA-ODORATA
SUN H; DING J; DING L; et al. - Acta Botanica Yunnanica  Volume: 7   Issue: 2   Pages: 239-242   Published: 1985

30.    ALKALOIDS OF ANNONACEAE - ALKALOIDS OF BARKS OF CANANGA-ODORATA, HOOK F AND THOMSON
LEBOEUF, M; STREITH, J; CAVE, A - ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANCAISES  Volume: 33   Issue: 1   Pages: 43-47   Published: 1975

31.    ETUDES SUR LES MATIERES VEGETALES VOLATILES 102 (1) SUR LA COMPOSITION DES HUILES ESSENTIELLES DYLANG-YLANG
NAVES, YR; ARDIZIO, P - HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA  Volume: 47   Issue: 1   Pages: 111-&   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19640470113   Published: 1964

32.    Studies in the Anonaceae. II. The development of ovule and seed in Cananga odorata and Miliusa wightiana
PERIASAMY, K.; SWAMY, B. G. L. - J INDIAN BOT SOC  Volume: 40   Issue: (2)   Pages: 206-216   Published: 1961

33.    A study on the propagation of Cananga odorata Lamarck, Phaeanthus ebracteolatus Merrill, Intsia bijuga (Colebrooke) O Kuntze, Cassia javanica Linnaeus, and Toona calantas Merrill and Rolfe by cuttings
JACALNE, DOMINGO V.; GALINATO, PRIMITIVO F. - PHILIPPINE JOUR FOREST  Volume: 14   Issue: (1/4)   Pages: 97-109   Published: 1958

34.    Un grave peligro para el Ylangylang en Fernando Po. Bunaea alcinoe Cramer (Lepidoptera Saturnidae) sobre Cananga odorata Hook (Anonaccae).
Corella, L. B. - Bol agric Territ espan Golfo de Guinea Madrid  Volume: 1943   Pages: pp. 27-48   Published: 1943