Delphinium elatum, Nirvisha

Delphinium elatum L.
Family: Ranunculaceae

English: Alpine Larkspur
Arabic: عائق خلاب
Bulgarian: Рагулькі высокія
Chinese: 高翠雀花
Finnish: Isoritarinkannus
French: Pied d'alouette élevé, Dauphinelle élevée
German: Hoher Rittersporn
Latvian: Augstais gaiļpiesis
Polish: Ostróżka wyniosła
Russian: živokost vysokaja, живокост высокая
Sanskrit: Nirvisha  निर्विषा
Swedish: stor riddarsporre

Description: Stems 40-200 cm; base green, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves cauline, 7-26 at anthesis; petiole 1-18 cm. Leaf blade round to pentagonal, 3-15 × 6-22 cm, ± puberulent; ultimate lobes 3-9, width 8-30 mm. Inflorescences 25-100(-more)-flowered; pedicel 1-3(-5) cm, glabrous to pubescent; bracteoles 2-5(-9) mm from flowers, green, linear, 5-9 mm, ± puberulent. Flowers: sepals blue, white, or purple, ± puberulent, lateral sepals spreading, 12-23 × 4-12 mm, spurs straight, ascending ca. 45° above horizontal, 15-22 mm; lower petal blades elevated, exposing stamens, 3-5 mm, clefts 0.2-1 mm; hairs sparse or dense, mostly near center of blade, yellow or white. Fruits 13-20 mm, 3.5-4.5 times longer than wide, ± puberulent. Seeds winged; seed coats ± with small wavy ridges, cells elongate, surface roughened.

Action: Whole plant—cardiac and respiratory depressant, emetic, diuretic, anthelmintic. Seed—insecticidal. Used in skin eruptions. Powdered flowers, mixed with mustard oil, are used for destroying lica.
Seeds are very poisonous; contain several aconitine-like alkaloids. Delphinidine, isolated from seeds, causes drastic gastro-enteric irritation [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Elatine, a diterpene alkaloid obtained from Delphinium elatum, has been used to relax muscles similar to tubocurarine at a dose of 10 mg, 3 to 5 times daily. [Medicinal plants ff the Aisa-Pacific: Drugs for the future?]

44 Published articles of Delphinium elatum

1.    Seven C-19-norditerpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium elatum
Chiba, R.; Kanazawa, R.; Matsuoka, K.; et al.
Conference: 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) Location: Oxford, MS Date: AUG 02-06, 2014
Sponsor(s): Amer Soc Pharmacognosy
PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 80   Issue: 10   Pages: 800-800   Meeting Abstract: PD102   Published: JUL 2014

2.    Essential Oils in the Ranunculaceae Family: Chemical Composition of Hydrodistilled Oils from Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum Seeds
Kokoska, Ladislav; Urbanova, Klara; Kloucek, Pavel; et al.
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY  Volume: 9   Issue: 1   Pages: 151-161   Published: JAN 2012

3.    Synergy Effect of Sodium Acetate and Glycosidically Bound Volatiles on the Release of Volatile Compounds from the Unscented Cut Flower (Delphinium elatum L. "Blue Bird")
Yang, Ziyin; Endo, Sakura; Tanida, Aya; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 57   Issue: 14   Pages: 6396-6401   Published: JUL 22 2009

4.    [Experimental study of the mechanisms of the tissue repair activity of complex and individual agents isolated from Delphinium elatum].
Nesterova, Iu V; Povet'eva, T N; Nagorniak, Iu G; et al.
Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia  Volume: 72   Issue: 3   Pages: 40-3   Published: 2009 May-Jun

5.    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MECHANISMS OF THE SKIN REPAIR ACTIVITY OF COMPLEX AND INDIVIDUAL AGENTS ISOLATED FROM DELPHINIUM ELATUM
Nesteroval, Yu. V.; Povet'eva, T. N.; Nagornyak, Yu. G.; et al.
Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya  Volume: 72   Issue: 3   Pages: 40-43   Published: MAY-JUN 2009

6.    Effects of duration of exposure to low temperatures on bolting and flowering of rosetted seedlings and lateral bud emergence after flower harvest in Elatum hybrids of Delphinium
Katsutani, N; Kajihara, S; Hara, H
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  Volume: 71   Issue: 5   Pages: 691-696   Published: SEP 2002

7.    Environmental factors affecting rosette formation of Elatum hybrids of Delphinium
Katsutani, N; Kajihara, S; Hara, H
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  Volume: 71   Issue: 2   Pages: 272-276   Published: MAR 2002

8.    Prevention of early bolting in Elatum hybrids of Delphinium by raising seedlings at cool temperature.
Katsutani, N.; Kajihara, S.; Hara, H.
Horticultural Research (Japan)  Volume: 1   Issue: 1   Pages: 41-44   Published: 2002

9.    Effect of daylength on rosette prevention in Elatum hybrids of Delphinium.
Katsutani, N.; Kajihara, S.; Hara, H.
Horticultural Research (Japan)  Volume: 1   Issue: 2   Pages: 129-132   Published: 2002

10.    On the taxonomic structure of Delphinium elatum aggr. complex (Ranunculaceae) in the Urals
Kulikov, P. V.
Botanicheskii Zhurnal (St. Petersburg)  Volume: 85   Issue: 4   Pages: 132-136   Published: April, 2000

11.    Alkaloids of the cultivated plant Delphinium elatum.
Bessonova, I. A.; Saidkhodzhaeva, Sh. A.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds  Volume: 34   Issue: 2   Pages: 198-199   Published: 1998

12.    Alkaloids of Delphinium elatum cultivated plants
Bessonova, IA; Saidkhodzhaeva, SA
KHIMIYA PRIRODNYKH SOEDINENII  Issue: 2   Pages: 245-246   Published: 1998

13.    2 NEW NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS FROM DELPHINIUM-ELATUM VAR BLACK-NIGHT
PARK, JC; DESAI, HK; PELLETIER, SW
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS-LLOYDIA  Volume: 58   Issue: 2   Pages: 291-295   Published: FEB 1995

14.    Effect of pretreatment and cold storage on vase life and quality of cut hybrid delphinium (Delphinium x elatum)
Song, Cheon Young; Bang, Chang Seok; Park, Young Seob; et al.
Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science  Volume: 36   Issue: 3   Pages: 426-431   Published: 1995

15.    Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium elatum var. "Black Night"
Park, Jong C.; Desai, Haridutt K.; Pelletier, S. William
Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia)  Volume: 58   Issue: 2   Pages: 291-295   Published: 1995

16.    Alkaloids of the cultivated species Aconitum tauricum and Delphinium elatum.
Vaisov, Z. M.; Tel'nov, V. A.; Bessonova, I. A.; et al.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds  Volume: 29   Issue: 1   Pages: 68   Published: 1993

17.    ALKALOIDS OF CULTIVATED SPECIES OF ACONITUM-TAURICUM AND DELPHINIUM-ELATUM
VAISOV, ZM; TELNOV, VA; BESSONOVA, IA; et al.
KHIMIYA PRIRODNYKH SOEDINENII  Issue: 1   Pages: 82-82   Published: 1993

18.    4 DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS FROM DELPHINIUM-ELATUM
WADA, K; YAMAMOTO, T; BANDO, H; et al.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 31   Issue: 6   Pages: 2135-2138   Published: JUN 1992

19.    Alkaloids of the cultivated species Aconitum chasmanthum and Delphinium elatum.
Samusenko, L. N.; Razakova, D. M.; Bessonova, I. A.; et al.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds  Volume: 28   Issue: 1   Pages: 125-126   Published: 1992

20.    ALKALOIDS OF CULTIVATED SORTS OF ACONITUM-CHASMANTHUM AND DELPHINIUM-ELATUM
SAMUSENKO, LN; RAZAKOVA, DM; BESSONOVA, IA; et al.
KHIMIYA PRIRODNYKH SOEDINENII  Issue: 1   Pages: 146-148   Published: 1992

21.    Sclerotium crown rots of Delphinium elatum, Solidaster luteus and Chlorophytum comosum caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.
Uematsu, S.; Takahashi, T.; Sekiyama, K.
Proceedings of the Kanto-Tosan Plant Protection Society  Issue: 39   Pages: 163-165   Published: 1992

22.    DELATISINE, A NOVEL DITERPENOID ALKALOID FROM DELPHINIUM-ELATUM L
ROSS, SA; JOSHI, BS; DESAI, HK; et al.
TETRAHEDRON  Volume: 47   Issue: 46   Pages: 9585-9598   Published: NOV 25 1991

23.    A NORDITERPENOID ALKALOID FROM DELPHINIUM-ELATUM
PELLETIER, SW; ROSS, SA; DESAI, HK
PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 29   Issue: 7   Pages: 2381-2383   Published: 1990

24.    NEW ALKALOIDS FROM DELPHINIUM-ELATUM L
PELLETIER, SW; ROSS, SA; KULANTHAIVEL, P
TETRAHEDRON  Volume: 45   Issue: 7   Pages: 1887-1892   Published: 1989

25.    Tissue culture of delphiniums. Preliminary experiments with D. elatum and University Hybrids.
Bott, J. C.
Plantsman  Volume: 2   Issue: 3   Pages: 169-171   Published: 1980

26.    DIVERSITY OF EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN DELPHINIUM L GENUS .1. ZYGOTE DIVIDES TRANSVERSELY EMBRYOGENESIS IN DELPHINIUM-STAPHISAGRIA L AND DELPHINIUM-ELATUM L
BABIS, H
GENETICA POLONICA  Volume: 20   Issue: 1   Pages: 103-&   Published: 1979

27.    POLYMORPHIC CHANGES IN PERIANTH STRUCTURES IN DELPHINIUM-ILIENSE AND DELPHINIUM-ELATUM
TRUSOV B A
Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii  Volume: 82   Issue: 1   Pages: 89-106   Published: 1977

28.    ALKALOIDS OF DELPHINIUM ELATUM L .3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF ALKALOID COMPLEX DURING VEGETATIVE PERIOD
STRZELEC.H
DISSERTATIONES PHARMACEUTICAE ET PHARMACOLOGICAE  Volume: 20   Issue: 3   Pages: 319-&   Published: 1968

29.    DITERPENE ALKALOIDS OF DELPHINIUM ELATUM L .4. ISOLATION OF METHYLLICACONITINE FROM UNDERGROUND ORGANS AND HERB
STRZELEC.H
DISSERTATIONES PHARMACEUTICAE ET PHARMACOLOGICAE  Volume: 20   Issue: 3   Pages: 325-&   Published: 1968

30.    A new species of Uromyces (Uromyces delphinii Bernaux et Guyot) parasitic on Delphinium elatum L. in the French Alps.
P. BERNAUX.; GUYOT.
Encyclopedie mycologique  Volume: 34   Pages: 507-512   Published: 1967

31.    DITERPENE ALKALOIDS OF DELPHINIUM ELATUM L .I. CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES
STRZELEC.H
DISSERTATIONES PHARMACEUTICAE ET PHARMACOLOGICAE  Volume: 19   Issue: 1   Pages: 81-&   Published: 1967

32.    DITERPENE ALKALOIDS OF DELPHINIUM ELATUM L .2. STUDIES ON CULTURES OF ISOLATED ROOTS
STRZELEC.H
DISSERTATIONES PHARMACEUTICAE ET PHARMACOLOGICAE  Volume: 19   Issue: 1   Pages: 85-&   Published: 1967

33.    Diplodina delphini Lask, un nouveau parasite sur Delphinium elatum en Roumanie
Diplodina delphini, a new parasite on Delphinium elatum in Rumania
SANDU-VILLE, C.
REV ROUMAINE BIOL SER BOT  Volume: 11   Issue: (5)   Pages: 393-396   Published: 1966

34.    Untersuchungen an sterilen wurzelkulturen von delphinium elatum L
Investigations in sterile root cultures of Delphinium elatum L. [isolation of methylycaconitine alkaloids]
STRZELECKA, H.
Conference: 3. Internationales Symposium: Biochemie und Physiologie der Alkaloide, Halle(Salle), DDR., 24-27 Juni, 1965 [3rd International Symposium: Biochemistry and Physiology of Alkaloids, Halle(Salle), East Ger., 24-27 June, 1965
ABHANDL DEUT AKAD WES BERLIN  Volume: 1966   Issue: (3)   Pages: 603-605   Published: 1966

35.    Uchastie atsetata-2-Cl4 v biosinteze alkaloidov zhivokosti vysokoi (Delphinium elatum L. )
Participation of acetate-2-C14 in the biosynthesis of alkaloids of Delphinium elatum
OVEZOV, Kh.
IZV AKAD NAUK TURKM SSR SER BIOL NAUK  Volume: 4   Pages: 56-60   Published: 1966

36.    O lechebnom deistvii elatina pri stolbnyake [Engl. summ.]
The therapeutic action of Elatin[alkaloid isolated from Delphinium elatum in tetanus [Engl. summ.]
LOBAN, K. M.; GROMOVA, E. A.; ROMANOVA, G. A.
FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL  Volume: 27   Issue: (2)   Pages: 226-231   Published: 1964

37.    O SODERZHANII 'ELATINA V ZHIVOKOSTI VYSOKO I (DELPHINIUM ELATUM L.) V ZAVISIMOSTI OT FAZ RAZVITIIA I VOZRASTA RASTENIIA.
[ON THE ELATIN CONTENT OF DELPHINIUM ELATUM L. IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENTAL PHASE AND AGE OF THE PLANT].
NOVOSELTSEVA, N P; SELIVANOVA, T M
Meditsinskaia promyshlennost' SSSR  Volume: 17   Pages: 44-5   Published: 1963-Jun

38.    Cytogenetic relationships between Delphinium oxysepalum Borb. et Pax and D. elatum L. from Tatra Mountains
GAJEWSKI, W.
ACTA SOC BOT POLON  Volume: 32   Issue: (2)   Pages: 281-293   Published: 1963

39.    [Microscopic examination of Delphinium elatum, family Ranunculaceae].
KARPUS', I P
Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal  Volume: 17   Pages: 48-53   Published: 1962

40.    [Larkspur (Delphinium elatum L.)--a new medicinal plant].
NOVOSEL'TSEVA, N P
Aptechnoe delo  Volume: 10   Pages: 20-4   Published: 1961 Sep-Oct

41.    K farmakologii alkaloidov iz zhivokosti vysokoi (elatin i el'delin).
[Pharmacology of alkaloids of Delphinium elatum (elatin and eldelin)].
DOZORTSEVA, P M
Farmakologiia i toksikologiia  Volume: 19   Issue: 3   Pages: 42-8   Published: 1956 May-Jun

42.    K KHARAKTERISTIKE SOSTAVA ALKALOIDOV DELPHINIUM-ELATUM L
FEOFILAKTOV, VV; ALEKSEEVA, LD
ZHURNAL OBSHCHEI KHIMII  Volume: 24   Issue: 4   Pages: 738-743   Published: 1954

43.    Statistische Beschreibung der Blatt-verzweigung bei Aspidium filix-mas und bei Delphinium elatum
Schiiepp, O.
ARCH JULIUS KLAUS STIFT  Volume: 20   Issue: (Erganzungsband)   Pages: 326-341   Published: 1945

44.    The alkaloids of the seeds of Delphinium elatum, L
Goodson, JA
JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Pages: 139-141   Part: 1   Published: 1943