Cinnamomum verum J.PreslFamily: Lauraceae
Synonyms: Persea cinnamomum Spreng., Laurus rigida Wall., Laurus montana Link ex Meisn., Laurus culitlaban Buch.-Ham. ex Nees, Laurus cinnamomum L., Laurus cinnamomea Salisb., Laurus cinnamifera Stokes, Cinnamomum zollingeri Lukman., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. microphyllum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. inodorum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. foeniculaceum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cordifolium Hayne, Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cassia Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Cinnamomum wolkensteinii Lukman., Cinnamomum variabile Lukman., Cinnamomum vaillantii Lukman., Cinnamomum sonneratii Lukman., Cinnamomum sieberi Lukman., Cinnamomum roxburghii Lukman., Cinnamomum regelii Lukman., Cinnamomum pourretii Lukman., Cinnamomum pleei Lukman., Cinnamomum pallasii Lukman., Cinnamomum ovatum Lukman., Cinnamomum meissneri Lukman., Cinnamomum mauritianum Lukman., Cinnamomum maheanum var. karrouwa Lukman., Cinnamomum maheanum Lukman., Cinnamomum madrassicum Lukman., Cinnamomum leschenaultii Lukman., Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Sm., Cinnamomum karrouwa Lukman., Cinnamomum iners Wight [Illegitimate], Cinnamomum humboldtii Lukman., Cinnamomum erectum Lukman., Cinnamomum ellipticum Lukman., Cinnamomum delessertii Lukman., Cinnamomum decandollei Lukman., Cinnamomum cordifolium Lukman., Cinnamomum commersonii Lukman., Cinnamomum cinnamomum (L.) H.Karst., Cinnamomum cayennense Lukman., Cinnamomum carolinense var. oblongum Kaneh., Cinnamomum capense Lukman., Cinnamomum boutonii Lukman., Cinnamomum bonplandii Lukman., Cinnamomum biafranum Lukman., Cinnamomum bengalense Lukman., Cinnamomum barthii Lukman., Cinnamomum aromaticum J.Graham, Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm., Camphorina cinnamomum (L.) Farw.
Common name: Cinnamon
Albanian: Kanella, Kanellë
Amharic: Kerefa, qa-ra-faa, ቀረፋ
Arabic: قِرْفَة, dâr sînî, قرفة
Armenian: Կինամոն
Azerbaijani: Darçın, Дарчын
Basque: Kanela, Kanelondo
Burmese: Thit-ja-bo-gauk
Catalan: Canyella
Croatian: Ceylonski cimet, Cimet
Czech: Skorice, Skorice cejlonska
Esperanto: Cinamo
Estonian: Kaneel, Tseiloni kaneelipuu
Finnish: aitokaneli, Ceyloninkaneli Kaneli
French: Cannelier de Ceylan, Cannelle, Cannelle type Ceylan, Cannellier
Galician: canela
Georgian: Darichini, daricini, დარიჩინი
German: Ceylon-Zimt Echter Zimt, Zimtblute
Hebrew: קינמון
Hindi: दालचीनी Dalchini
Hungarian: Ceyloni fahéj,
Indonesian: Kayu manis
Italian: cannella del Ceylano
Japanese: にっけい, セイロンニッケイ, 肉桂
Kannada: ದಾಲಚೀನೀ Dalchini
Kazakh: Даршин
Khmer: Chek tum phka loeng
Korean: 계, 육계
Latin: Cortex Cinnamomi zeylanici
Malayalam: കറുവ
Polish: Cynamon cejloński
Portuguese: canelleira da India
Romanian: Scorţişoară
Russian: Цейлонская корица
Sanskrit: Darusita, tamalapatra, twak
Sinhalese: Kurundu
Tamil: சன்னலவங்கம் Channalavangam, Karuva
Telugu: Dalchini chekka దాల్చిన చెక్క
Thai: อบเชย, อบเชยเทศ
Turkish: Tarcin, Tarçın ağacı
Ukrainian: Кориця
Vietnamese: Quế rành
Yiddish: Tsimring
Description: Trees, to 20 m high, bark 8-10 mm thick, brown, rough, cracks vertical; blaze creamy pink; bole buttressed; branchlets glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite or subopposite, estipulate; petiole 8-20 mm, stout, glabrous, slightly grooved above; lamina 9.5-14 x 3.5-5.5 cm, ovate, elliptic ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, base acute, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous, 3-ribbed from base, prominent, glabrous; lateral nerves 3-6 pairs, obscure, pinnate; intercostae reticulate. Flowers bisexual, in terminal and axillary, pedicel 7 mm long, pale yellow, 5 mm long, 6 mm across; perianth 8 mm, silky, tube campanulate, lobes 6, 3 mm long, oblong-lanceolate; stamens 9 perfect, those of first and second rows opposite the perianth lobes, introrse and eglandular, those of third row opposite the first row, lateral, bearing 2 large glands at the base; staminodes 3, of the forth row opposite the second row, cordate and stipitate; ovary half inferior, sessile. Fruit a berry, 1-2 cm, ellipsoid to oblong-ovoid, dark purple, surrounded by the enlarged perianth.
Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge [ Medicinal Plants Kerala Ag. Univ]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Root bark and stem bark aromatic. Dried bark aromatic, carminative, astringent, stimulant, stomachic, analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, germicide, hemostatic, used for stomachache, vomiting, nausea, flatulence, to treat headaches and intestinal troubles; stembark juice applied on teeth in tooth decay and toothache. Bark and leafy branches contain volatile oil useful in rheumatic pains and nervous breakdown. Aromatic root smelled to relieve headache. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Dominican Medicinal Uses : The inner bark is traditionally prepared as a decoction and taken orally for allergy, anxiety, arthritis, low blood pressure, kidney ailments, common cold, flu, sinusitis and women’s health conditions. Contraindications: Large quantities of cinnamon should not be during pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects. [Dominican Medicinal Plants]
Cinnamon tea might be useful for elderly bedridden patients with cold extremities, or in preparing such a patient for a recuperative walk, or cast removal from a fractured extremity. Regarded as antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, diaphoretic, fungicide, stimulant, and stomachic, it is a fragrant cordial, useful for weakness of stomach and diarrhea, checking nausea and vomiting, and used in other medicinal mixtures. Powdered bark in water (or EO, or tiger balm containing many of the same chemicals) is applied to the temple in headaches and neuralgia. Cinnamon bark prevents platelet agglutination and shows antithrombic and antitumor activity. Lebanese use cinnamon as a stimulant, for colds, rheumatism, halitosis, and to check slobbering in young and elderly people. It is also used to loosen coughs. Ayurvedics consider the bark aphrodisiac and tonic, using it for biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, itch, parched mouth, worms, and cardiac, rectal, and urinary diseases. They use the oil for “eructations,” gas, loss of appetite, nausea, and toothache. Unani consider the oil carminative, emmenagogue, and tonic to the liver, using it for abdominal pains, bronchitis, head colds, and inflammation. They consider the bark alexeteric, aphrodisiac, carminative expectorant, sialagogue, and tonic, using it for gas, headache, hiccup, hydrocele, liver ailments, piles, and scorpion stings. One of our Belizean ecotourists was complaining about a snoring roommate. Famed Belizean herbalist Rosita Aruigo suggests 1 cup of cinnamon tea with 2 tsp grated ginger, adding honey and milk to taste. Drink at bedtime each night until cured. Since I have mentioned one spicy Ayurvedic triad, trikatu (ginger, long pepper, and pepper), I may as well mention another spicy triad, trijataka [cardamom, cinnamon, and “tejapatra,” which I am told is cassia (unidentified in DEP and WOI)], three more aromatics often used together for lengual paralysis, stomach cramps, and toothache. [CRC Handbook of medicinal spices]
Cinnamon are mainly used for digestive disorders such as diarrhoea, and flatulent colic or dyspepsia. Cinnamon has also been used for the common cold, and the oil may have antiseptic activity. It has been used in Chinese medicine for circulatory disorders. [Herbal Medicines Interactions]
Cinnamon used in Asian traditional medicine for colds, flu, and digestive problems, recent investigations indicate that it has a potent stabilizing effect on blood sugar levels, helping to slow or prevent the onset of diabetes. It is also active against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium commonly linked with stomach ulcers. [Herbal Remedies]
68 Published articles of Cinnamomum verum
1. DNA Barcoding for Discriminating the Economically Important Cinnamomum verum from Its Adulterants Swetha, V.P., et al., Food Biotechnology, 2014. 28(3): p. 183-194.
2. Influence of Allium sativum or Cinnamomum verum on physicochemical characteristics of yogurt Shori, A.B., et al., International Journal of Dairy Science, 2014. 9(2): p. 45-55.
3. The influence of Allium sativum or Cinnamomum verum on cow- and camel- milk yogurts: proteolytic and angiotensin-I converting enzyme-inhibitory activities Shori, A.B. and A.S. Baba, in Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Nanoengineering, M.H. Mamat, et al., Editors. 2014. p. 639-643.
4. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins from the barks of Cinnamomum verum and their dentin enhancement properties Nam, J.W., et al., Planta Medica, 2014. 80(10): p. 779-779.
5. Phyto constituents: an analysis of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) leaf extracts Dhanalaxmi, R.K. and J.V. Vastrad, Asian Journal of Home Science, 2014. 9(1): p. 319-321.
6. The exhaustive study for the antioxidant & antibacterial potential of Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) and Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) Deepshikha, G. and Girija, Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014. 4(3): p. 201-201.
7. In vitro biological evaluation of eight different essential oils against Trypanosoma cruzi, w.e.o.C.v.e.o.A., C. M. O., et al., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014. 14(309): p. (22 August 2014)-(22 August 2014).
8. In vitro biological evaluation of eight different essential oils against Trypanosoma cruzi, w.e.o.C.v.e.o.A., Camila Maria O., et al., Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014. 14.
9. Quorum quenching ability of dietary spice Cinnamomum verum on pathogenic bacteria Aparna, Y., N. Lalitha, and J. Sarada, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2014. 5(12): p. 5216-5223.
10. MAPLE Fabricated Fe3O4@Cinnamomum verum Antimicrobial Surfaces for Improved Gastrostomy Tubes Anghel, A.G., et al., Molecules, 2014. 19(7): p. 8981-8994.
11. Effects of inclusion of Allium sativum and Cinnamomum verum in milk on the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria during yogurt fermentation Shori, A.B. and A.S. Baba, American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 2013. 13(11): p. 1448-1457.
12. Comparative analysis of cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of edible Cinnamomum verum (bark) and Cinnamomum tamala (Indian bay leaf) Rasleen, S., et al., Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2013. 3(Suppl.): p. S70-S73.
13. Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Adipogenesis by Supercritical Fluid Extracts and Marc from Cinnamomum verum Park, S.-J., Journal of Life Science, 2013. 24(4): p. 510-517.
14. Effects of dietary synbiotic and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in Japanese quail Mehdipour, Z., M. Afsharmanesh, and M. Sami, Livestock Science, 2013. 154(1-3): p. 152-157.
15. Chemical characterisation and antifungal activity of methanolic extract of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl bark against Malassezia spp Mariappan, P.M., et al., Pharmacognosy Journal, 2013. 5(5): p. 197-204.
16. Comparison of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Supercritical Fluid Extracts and Marc Extracts from Cinnamomum verum 박성진, et al., Journal of Life Science, 2012. 22(3): p. 373-379.
17. Chemoprofile of tvakpatra; leaves of Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl Kumar, K.N.S., et al., Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012. 4(34): p. 26-31.
18. Standardization of stem thickness and length for harvesting cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Pres.) bark Khandekar, R.G., et al., Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2012. 21(2): p. 164-168.
19. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Ceylon cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) in alloxan-diabetic rats El-Desoky, G.E., M.A.M. Aboul-Soud, and K.S. Al-Numair, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012. 6(9): p. 1685-1691.
20. IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CINNAMOMUM VERUM (CINNAMON) AQUEOUS BARK EXTRACT IN REFERENCE TO ITS TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AS NATURAL PRESERVATIVE TO FOOD Rakshit, M. and C. Ramalingam, International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2011. 8(4): p. 529-537.
21. Essential oil of Origanum majorana L., I.v.H.f.a.C.z.B.c.a.a.c.F., J. M., et al., Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 2011. 13(2): p. 209-214.
22. Effect of Rooting Media and Type of Cutting on Rooting of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Thangaselvabai, T., et al., Advances in Plant Sciences, 2010. 23(1): p. 95-96.
23. Potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oil to control Streptococcus iniae infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Rattanachaikunsopon, P. and P. Phumkhachorn, Fisheries Science, 2010. 76(2): p. 287-293.
24. In vitro fibrinolytic activity by polyphenolic extract of Zataria moltiflora Boiss., C.d.V., Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer and Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Naderi, G., et al., Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2010. 25(4): p. 572-580.
25. Effect of time of pruning and peeling on the bark yield of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Pres.) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands Jaisankar, I., et al., Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2010. 19(1/2): p. 50-52.
26. Functional and ultrastructural changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cells induced by Cinnamomum verum essential oil Bouhdid, S., et al., Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010. 109(4): p. 1139-1149.
27. Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Presl) - the sweet bark spice for flavour and fragrance - a review Thangaselvabai, T., J.P. Joshua, and M. Jayasekar, Agricultural Reviews, 2009. 30(3): p. 167-175.
28. Antimicrobial properties of Cinnamomum verum aqueous extract Puangpronpitag, D. and C. Sittiwet, Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2009. 2(2): p. 49-53.
29. Molecular characterization of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Presl) accessions and evaluation of genetic relatedness of cinnamon species in Sri Lanka based on TrnL intron region, i.s.b.t.-t., et al., Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 2009. 5(6): p. 1079-1088.
30. In vitro anticandidal activity of Cinnamomum verum Vinitha, M. and M. Ballal, Journal of Medical Sciences (Pakistan), 2008. 8(4): p. 425-428.
31. Tissue culture and RAPD analysis of Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum verum Soulange, J.G., V.M. Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya, and S.D. Seeburrun, Biotechnology, 2007. 6(2): p. 239-244.
32. Essential oil composition of petiole of Cinnamomum verum Bercht. & Presl Rao, B.R.R., D.K. Rajput, and A.K. Bhattacharya, Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2007. 16(1): p. 38-41.
33. Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Pres) intercropped under different inter row spacings of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.): performance after rubber reached maturity Pathiratna, L.S., M.K.P. Perera, and C.K. Balasooriya, Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, 2007. 88: p. 30-46.
34. Composition of the leaf essential oil of Cinnamomum verum (Lauraceae) from Fiji Islands Patel, K., et al., Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2007. 10(5): p. 374-377.
35. Strong below-ground competition shapes tree regeneration in invasive Cinnamomum verum forests Kueffer, C., et al., Journal of Ecology, 2007. 95(2): p. 273-282.
36. Effect of short and long-term storage on essential oil content and composition of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Bercht. and Presl.) leaves Rao, B.R.R., et al., Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2006. 15(1): p. 19-24.
37. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies Mathew, S. and T.E. Abraham, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2006. 44(2): p. 198-206.
38. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, t.v.i.v.m.M., S. and T.E. Abraham, Food Chemistry, 2006. 94(4): p. 520-528.
39. Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, C.c.B., L., Journal of Complementary Medicine, 2006. 5(5): p. 67-69.
40. The introduction of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) to America Zumbroich, T.J., Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 2005. 28(1): p. 155-160.
41. Rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis) cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) intercropping system: performance under standard inter row spacings of rubber Pathiratna, L.S.S. and M.K.P. Perera, Natural Rubber Research, 2005. 18(2): p. 105-112.
42. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum intercropping system: Performance under standard inter row spacings of rubber Pathiratna, L.S.S. and M.K.P. Pereira, Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research, 2005. 18(2): p. 105-112.
43. Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oils against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) Park, I.K., et al., Nematology, 2005. 7: p. 767-774.
44. Seed storage methods of star anise ( Illicium verum), c.C.c.a.m.M.m.L.D., Kha, et al. Comparative storage biology of tropical tree seeds, ed. M. Sacande, et al. 2005. 238-248.
45. Performance of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Pres.) intercropped at different spacings of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Meull. Arg.) Pathiratna, L.S.S., M.K.P. Perera, and B.W. Wijesuriya, Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research, 2004. 17(2): p. 150-158.
46. Agronomic and economic viability of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)/cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J Pres.) intercropping systems involving wider inter-row spacing in rubber plantations Pathiratna, L. and J.C. Edirisinghe, Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, 2003. 86: p. 46-57.
47. Quality attributes of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) accessions grown at Shevroys (Tamil Nadu, I.K., R. R., K. Nageswari, and G. Balakrishnamoorthy, Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2000. 9(2): p. 177-177.
48. Methods of sustainable harvesting and value addition for economic uplift and biodiversity conservation. Series No. 7. Harvesting of spice tree and shrub species viz. Syzygium aromaticum, M.f., Cinnamomum verum, Pimenta dioica, Tamarindus indica, Murraya koenigii, Garcinia cambogia and Laurus nobilis Alka, Shiva, MFP News, 2000. 10(2): p. 12-14.
49. Relations between the invasive Cinnamomum verum and the endemic Phoenicophorium borsigianum on Mane island, S.F., Karl, Applied Vegetation Science, 1999. 2(1): p. 37-46.
50. Anti-oxidant effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark and greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum) seeds in rats fed high fat diet Dhuley, J.N., Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1999. 37(3): p. 238-242.
51. The effect of shade on the bark yield components of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Pres) intercropped with rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Pathiratna, L.S.S. and M.K.P. Perera, Journal of Plantation Crops, 1998. 26(1): p. 70-74.
52. Shade effects on photosynthesis of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Pres) Pathiratna, L.S.S., A. Nugawela, and R.K. Samarasekera, Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, 1998. 81: p. 29-37.
53. Growth, l.o.y.a.q.i.i.c.C.v.J., P. P., et al., Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 1998. 20(2): p. 401-406.
54. Comparative morphology and essential oil characters of two variants of Cinnamomum verum Pres. from northeastern India Nath, S.C., et al., Journal of Plant Anatomy and Morphology (Jodhpur), 1997. 7(2): p. 173-180.
55. Micropropagation of Cinnamomum verum (Bercht & Presl.) Mathai, M.P., et al., Biotechnology of spices, medicinal & aromatic plants. Proceedings of the national seminar on biotechnology of spices and aromatic plants, Calicut, India, 24-25 April, 1996., 1997: p. 35-38.
56. Bark and leaf essential oils of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Presl) grown in Parana, B.K., M., et al., Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 1997. 17(3): p. 281-285.
57. Insect pests of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Veerakumari, K. and P. Mohanraj, Journal of Plantation Crops, 1993. 21(1): p. 67-69.
58. Rooting response of elite cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) lines Rema, J. and B. Krishnamoorthy, Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 1993. 2(1/2): p. 21-25.
59. Grey blight disease of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) leaves Karunakaran, P., M.C. Nair, and D. Lulu, Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 1993. 2(1-2): p. 66-67.
60. Variability and association studies in cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) Krishnamoorthy, B., et al., Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 1992. 1(2): p. 148-150.
61. Effect of growth regulator and pre-girdling treatments on rooting of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum Presl.) airlayers Hegde, K.R., G.S. Sulikeri, and N.C. Hulamani, South Indian Horticulture, 1989. 37(6): p. 329-332.
62. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS BY REFINING OF PLANT MATERIALS II. PROCESSING OF PRODUCTS IN THE DRY STATE ILLICIUM-VERUM HOOKER FRUIT AND CINNAMOMUM-ZEYLANICUM NEES BARK Bernard, T., et al., Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1989. 4(2): p. 85-90.
63. Quality parameters of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) in relation to flush colour Krishnamoorthy, B., A. Gopalam, and J. Abraham, Indian Cocoa, Arecanut & Spices Journal, 1988. 12(2): p. 38-38.
64. Extract used in pharmaceutical composition for lowering low density lipoprotein, t.c.a.t.l., and treating associated condition e.g. atheroma, obtained by hot water extraction of Cinnamomum verum leaves Wang, S. Y. Taiwan Leader Biotech Corp.
65. Powder cosmetics useful for preventing growth of microorganisms, c.m.e.g.C.v.b.o., clove leaves oil, lemon-grass leaves oil, and Garcinia cambogia fruit extract, and powder containing sodium chloride Toyoda, N., et al. Nippon Menard Keshohin Kk.
66. Organic deodorant comprises cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), f.a., and ozonated water Edgar, D. Edgar D.
67. Bio-pesticide composition used in organic gardens and on fruits and vegetables e.g. apple, c.c.o.e.g.P.n., Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum verum, Allium sativum, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Syzygium aromaticum Doty, S. A. Doty S A.
68. Herbal synergistic hypocholesterolemic composition with for lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides, c.e.o.f.o.A.b., and Elettaria cardamomum and bark of Cinnamomum verum in a fermented medium Dhan, P., et al. Univ Amity.
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