Crossandra infundibuliformis, Kanakambaram, Crossandra, Firecracker Flower, Кроссандра_воронковидная

Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees
Family: Acanthaceae

Synonyms: Crossandra axillaris Nees, Crossandra coccinea Dalzell & A.Gibson, Crossandra infundibuliformis var. axillaris (Nees) Trimen, Crossandra infundibuliformis subsp. axillaris (Nees) L.H.Cramer, Crossandra infundibuliformis var. coccinea (Dalzell & A.Gibson) M.R.Almeida, Crossandra nutans Wight ex Nees, Crossandra oppositifolia Wight ex Nees, Crossandra undulifolia Salisb., Harrachia spinosa Hook. ex Nees, Justicia infundibuliformis L., Ruellia infundibuliformis (L.) Andrews

Common name: Crossandra, Firecracker Flower, Tropic Flame

• Arabic: كروسندرة قمعية الشكل
• Chinese: 鳥尾花
• Finnish: Taikurinkukka
• French: Montagnarde (La)
• Japanese: クロサンドラ
• Kannada: ಕನಕಂಬರಾ kanakambara
• Konkani: Abuli आबुली
• Malayalaam: Manjakkurinji, കനകാംബരം Kanakambaram
• Marathi: Aboli आबोली
• Persian: کروساندرا
• Russian: Кроссандра_воронковидная
• Tamil: கனகாம்பரம் Kanakambaram
• Telugu: కనకాంబరం kanakambaram
• Vietnamese: Hỏa hoàng

Description: A small glabrous, evergreen undershrub, up to 1 (-1.5) m tall with terete branchlets. Leaves crowded near the spike, on 1-4 cm long petiole; lamina ovate-elliptic to lanceolate-oblong, 5-10 x 2-5 cm, basally attenuate, glabrous, margin undulate-crenate, acute at tips. Spikes dense, terminal and axillary, up to 15 cm long. Flowers bright orange-scarlet with yellow throat; bracts lanceolate, 12-15 x 4-5 mm, mucronate, glandular-pubescent to glabrescent; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, hairy, mucronate. Calyx lobes hairy, lanceolate, 7-9 mm long, outer 2 obtuse or bifid, inner smaller. Corolla tube c. 2.5 cm long, limb c. 1.5 cm long. Stamens inserted at the middle of tube. Ovary 2.5-3 mm long; style filiform, up to 2 cm long, glabrous. Capsule oblong, 10-12 mm long, glabrous. Seeds densely clothed with fringed scales.

(Leaf paste applied for toothache. Bark ground with turmeric and the paste applied to skin diseases of children. Crushed fruits made into a paste for brushing teeth to cure pyorrhea. Root paste applied around vagina to cure venereal diseases, syphilis. Flowers ground with pepper and the paste applied to wounds. Aphrodisiac. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

34 Published articles of Crossandra infundibuliformis
1.    Evaluation of phenolic content and antioxidant property of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves extracts Patil, K.G., V. Jaishree, and H.N.P. Tejaswi, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014. 5(9): p. 1133-1138.
2.    Evaluation of wound healing activity of Crossandra infundibuliformis flower extract on albino rats Rohit, G. and T.M. Verma, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2012. 3(11): p. 4545-4548.
3.    Biosynthesis of silver nano-flakes by Crossandra infundibuliformis leaf extract Kaviya, S., J. Santhanalakshmi, and B. Viswanathan, Materials Letters, 2012. 67(1): p. 64-66.
4.    Antibacterial, a.a.a.p.s.o.C.i.l.e.S., N. and N. Gomathi, International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2011. 3(2): p. 151-156.
5.    Preliminary phytochemical analysis, a., antifungal and anticandidal activities of successive extracts of Crossandra infundibuliformis Madhumitha, G. and A.M. Saral, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2011. 4(3): p. 192-195.
6.    Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves as an effective inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl Priya, S.V. and R. Saratha, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry (AJRC), 2010. 3(2): p. 434-441.
7.    Hepatoprotective potential of petroleum ether leaf extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis on CCl4 induced liver toxicity in albino mice Madhumitha, G., et al., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2010. 3(10): p. 788-790.
8.    Control of Fusarium oxysporum wilts disease of Crossandra infundibuliformis var. Danica by Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum Jegathambigai, V., R.S.W. Wijeratnam, and R.L.C. Wijesundera, Asian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2009. 3(3): p. 50-60.
9.    Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering in triploid crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis) cv. Delhi Sundar, S.T.B., et al., Research on Crops, 2008. 9(2): p. 335-337.
10.    First report on the flower-rot of Crossandra infundibuliformis, a.c.f.c.i.I.L., S., et al., Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2008. 74(4): p. 338-340.
11.    Micropropagation of Crossandra infundibuliformis Nees cultivar 'Mona Wallhead' Almeida, J.L., J.D.N. Diniz, and F.F.F. Hernandez, Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental, 2008. 14(2): p. 115-122.
12.    Nutrient studies in crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis L. Nees) Aruna, P., et al., Asian Journal of Horticulture, 2007. 2(2): p. 169-177.
13.    New phenotypes of Crossandra infundibuliformis var. Danica through in-vitro culture and induced mutations Hewawasam, W.D.C.J., D.C. Bandara, and W.M. Aberathne, Tropical Agricultural Research, 2004. 16: p. 253-270.
14.    Genetic variability in crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees.) Reddy, M.C.S., K. Haripriya, and S. Kamalakannan, Advances in Plant Sciences, 2002. 15(2): p. 539-541.
15.    Integrated nutrient management in crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis L.) cv. Dindigul local Raju, S.N. and K. Haripriya, South Indian Horticulture, 2001. 49(Special): p. 181-184.
16.    In-vitro propagation of Crossandra infundibuliformis var. Danica through shoot tip and callus culture Hewawasam, W.D.C.J., D.C. Bandara, and W.M. Abeyarathne, Tropical Agricultural Research, 2001. 13: p. 328-340.
17.    Studies on integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of triploid crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees) cv. Delhi Swaminathan, V. and S. Sambandamurthi, Crop Research (Hisar), 2000. 20(2): p. 334-337.
18.    Growth and flowering of crossandra Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees. as influenced by paclobutrazol and cycocel (CCC) Sreekala, C., et al., Horticultural Journal, 2000. 13(2): p. 65-70.
19.    Effect of bioregulators and holding solutions on the vase life of crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis (L) Nees) Sreekala, C., et al., South Indian Horticulture, 1999. 47(1/6): p. 351-356.
20.    Micropropagation of Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees Girija, S., A. Ganapathi, and G. Vengadesan, Scientia Horticulturae, 1999. 82(3-4): p. 331-337.
21.    Integrated nutrient management in crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis L.) Bhavanisanker, K. and K. Vanangamudi, South Indian Horticulture, 1999. 47(1/6): p. 125-129.
22.    Studies on chlorophyll, v.m.a.r.a.i.c.C.i.L.N.C., N. and M. Ananthan, South Indian Horticulture, 1998. 46(1/2): p. 52-59.
23.    Estimating leaf area from linear measurements in Crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis S. L.) Swaminathan, V., et al., Crop Research (Hisar), 1994. 8(2): p. 413-414.
24.    Breeding crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis (L) Nees) for yield and desirable floral traits Lalitha, S., N. Kumar, and M.A. Khader, South Indian Horticulture, 1993. 41(6): p. 355-359.
25.    Genetic variability in quantitative characters of crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis (L) Nees) in the M 3 and M 4 generations Lalitha, S. and N. Kumar, South Indian Horticulture, 1993. 41(5): p. 287-292.
26.    Evaluation of M 3 and M 4 progenies of crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis (L) Nees) for yield and desirable floral traits Lalitha, S., N. Kumar, and M.A. Khader, South Indian Horticulture, 1992. 40(2): p. 96-99.
27.    SELECTION FOR FLOWER DEVELOPMENT IN A CULTIVAR OF CROSSANDRA-INFUNDIBULIFORMIS L (NEES) Ottosen, C.O. and O.V. Christensen, Gartenbauwissenschaft, 1986. 51(4): p. 156-159.
28.    New clones of Crossandra infundibuliformis cv. Mona Wallhed Ottosen, C.O. and O.V. Christensen, Gartner Tidende, 1985. 101(22): p. 642-643.
29.    PESTS OF CROSSANDRA CROSSANDRA-INFUNDIBULIFORMIS IN SOUTH INDIA Vadivelu, S., B.V. David, and N. Rajamohan, Pesticides (Bombay), 1976. 10(12): p. 39-40.
30.    The effects of SADH and ethephon on Crossandra infundibuliformis cv. Mona Wallhed Adriansen, E., Tidsskrift for Planteavl, 1976. 80(1): p. 31-40.
31.    Standard culture of Crossandra infundibuliformis cv. Mona Wallhed Pedersen, A.M., Tidsskrift for Planteavl, 1975. 79(4): p. 463-473.
32.    A NEW LEAF SPOT DISEASE OF CROSSANDRA-INFUNDIBULIFORMIS Jaganathan, T., A. Palaniswami, and P. Narayanaswamy, Madras Agricultural Journal, 1972. 59(11-12): p. 671-672.
33.    A note on air-layering in crossandra ( Crossandra infundibuliformis syn. Crossandra undulaefolia) Raman, K.R., B. Seemanthani, and A. Shanmugam, Madras Agricultural Journal, 1969. 56: p. 747-8.
34.    A new leaf blight of Crossandra infundibuliformis Nees Patel, M.K., M.N. Kamat, and C.B. Pande, Indian Phytopathology, 1953. 5(2): p. 130-139.