Ruellia tuberosa L.Family: Acanthaceae
Synonyms: Cryphiacanthus barbadensis Nees, Dipteracanthus clandestinus C.Presl
Common name: Waterkanon, Watrakanu, Minnie Root, Iron root, Feverroot, Popping pod,
Chinese: 块根芦莉草
Javanese: Ceplikan
Marathi: Ruwel
Tamil: Pattaskai பட்டாஸ்காய்
Thai: ต้อยติ่ง
Hindi: chatpati चट्पटि
Telugu: chetapatakaayala mokka చిటపటకాయల మొక్క,
Other names: ghabri, jalvarkur, jurbula, ote sirka ba, tapas kaaya
Description: An erect, up to 60 (-70) cm tall herb with stout, 4-angled stems, swollen and purplish at the nodes, tender parts sparsely hairy. Roots slender, elongated, tuberous. Leaves with up to 2 cm long petiole; lamina oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, 5-9 (-10) x 2-4 cm, shining, basally cuneate to attenuate, entire to ± undulate, obtuse to somewhat acute, often mucronulate. Flowers shortly pedicellate, blue-violet, showy, 5-5.5 cm long, c. 3.5 cm across, solitary or in 1-3-flowered, terminal or axillary cymes; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, c. 5 mm long. Calyx lobes ± equal, linear, 1.3-2 cm long, ciliate, acute. Corolla pubescent outside, tube c. 3.5 cm long, abruptly narrowed at base, limb 5-lobed, lobes ± equal, ovate, c. 1.5 cm long, patent. Stamens with oblong-sagittate, c. 4 mm long, puberulous anthers. Ovary oblong, c. 4 mm long, glabrous; style 2.3-2.5 cm long. Capsule oblong, 2.2-3 cm long, glabrous or scabrescent, 24-28-seeded, minutely beaked at tip. Seeds flattened, orbicular, c. 2 mm across, hairy.
Plant decoction antacid, in indigestion and stomachache; plant and roots decoction taken internally for urinary troubles. Leaf paste for eczema; leaf decoction drunk by pregnant women for cold in the body. Roots infusion for oliguria, heat, fever, influenza, venereal diseases, constipation; root decoction diuretic and aphrodisiac. A paste made of root and few peppers is taken to cure stomachache. Tuber poultice for
swelling, joint pain. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Purgative and causes perspiration [Women’s Knowledge of Herbs used in Reproduction in Trinidad and Tobago. Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]
Brazilians mix leaves with castor oil for skin eruptions blamed on teething, Cubans, considering roots and leaves diuretic, emetic, and purgative, use also for malaria, peritonitis, pneumonia, and whooping cough. Dominicans use macerated roots for leukorrhea and pelvic pain. Dominicans use the plant as analgesic, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and febrifuge, for cough, cystosis, fever, and pertussis. Guadelupans use as diuretic, taking 2 tsp–1.5 tbsp dry herb/half bottle Spanish wine for jaundice. Haitians use leaf, flower, and root as diuretic, in decoction. Peruvians suggest the infusion for bronchosis, flu, gonorrhea, headache, inflammation, leprosy, oliguria, pain, and wounds. Venezuelans use root decoction for asthma, blennorrhagia, catarrh, and pulmonosis. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]
A decoction is given in chronic bronchitis; also used as a diuretic for the treatment of stones in the bladder. [Indian Medicinal Plants - Ayurveda]
Whole plant: To treat bladder diseases and frequent micturition; decoction with Petiveria alliacea is drunk to "clean out" uterine tract (dilation and curettage) or as an abortifacient. Root: Infusion for kidney diseases; in a syrup for whooping cough; infusion or decoction for a diabetes remedy; tubers in a tea used for cleansing the blood. Root and Leaf: In a tea used for alleviating retention of urine and to remedy weakness. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)
Diuretic, antitoxic, abdominal pain, flu, hepatitis, high blood pressure, diabetes [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]
swelling, joint pain. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Purgative and causes perspiration [Women’s Knowledge of Herbs used in Reproduction in Trinidad and Tobago. Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]
Brazilians mix leaves with castor oil for skin eruptions blamed on teething, Cubans, considering roots and leaves diuretic, emetic, and purgative, use also for malaria, peritonitis, pneumonia, and whooping cough. Dominicans use macerated roots for leukorrhea and pelvic pain. Dominicans use the plant as analgesic, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and febrifuge, for cough, cystosis, fever, and pertussis. Guadelupans use as diuretic, taking 2 tsp–1.5 tbsp dry herb/half bottle Spanish wine for jaundice. Haitians use leaf, flower, and root as diuretic, in decoction. Peruvians suggest the infusion for bronchosis, flu, gonorrhea, headache, inflammation, leprosy, oliguria, pain, and wounds. Venezuelans use root decoction for asthma, blennorrhagia, catarrh, and pulmonosis. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]
A decoction is given in chronic bronchitis; also used as a diuretic for the treatment of stones in the bladder. [Indian Medicinal Plants - Ayurveda]
Whole plant: To treat bladder diseases and frequent micturition; decoction with Petiveria alliacea is drunk to "clean out" uterine tract (dilation and curettage) or as an abortifacient. Root: Infusion for kidney diseases; in a syrup for whooping cough; infusion or decoction for a diabetes remedy; tubers in a tea used for cleansing the blood. Root and Leaf: In a tea used for alleviating retention of urine and to remedy weakness. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)
Diuretic, antitoxic, abdominal pain, flu, hepatitis, high blood pressure, diabetes [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]
1. A study on the effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. (whole plant) treatment on total body and organ weight in den induced hepato carcinoma Arirudran, B., K. Vijayalakshmi, and A. Saraswathy, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015. 4(1): p. 1262-1276.
2. Molecular modeling of Ruellia tuberosa L compounds as a-amylase inhibitor: an in silico comparation between human and rat enzyme model Wulan, D.R., E.P. Utomo, and C. Mahdi, Bioinformation, 2014. 10(4): p. 209-15.
3. Antiinflammatory activity of tuber of Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) Natesan, R., et al., World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS), 2014. 3(6): p. 1371-1375.
4. Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Ruellia tuberosa in wistar albino mice Arirudran, B., K. Vijayalakshmi, and A. Saraswathy, International Journal of BioSciences and Technology (IJBST), 2014. 7(1): p. 1-4.
5. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Ruellia tuberosa Samy, M.N., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2013. 49(1): p. 175-176.
6. Phenylethanoid and flavone glycosides from Ruellia tuberosa L Phakeovilay, C., et al., Journal of Natural Medicines, 2013. 67(1): p. 228-233.
7. Explosion phenomenon observed from seed capsules of Pletekan ( Ruellia tuberosa L.) Imam, F., et al., Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2013. 3(9): p. 96-101.
8. Antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of Sabah Ruellia tuberosa Cheong, B., et al., Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2013. 3(12): p. 20-24.
9. Effect of 50% hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of ruellia tuberosa L. And dipteracanthus patulus (jacq.) on lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats Ananthakrishnan, M. and V.A. Doss, International journal of preventive medicine, 2013. 4(7): p. 744-7.
10. Hypoglycemic Activity of Ruellia tuberosa Linn (Aeanthaceae) in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits Ullah, S., et al., Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2012. 34(2): p. 436-441.
11. Antidiabetic, a.a.h.a.o.m.e.o.R.t.L.l.i.n.a.a.i.d.r.R., M., et al., Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012. 4(6): p. 2860-2868.
12. Effect of Chitosan and Mordants on Dyeability of Cotton Fabrics with Ruellia tuberosa Linn Kampeerapappun, P., et al., Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2011. 38(1): p. 95-104.
13. Relative proportions of FAs in the seed oils of Peristrophe bicalyculata and Ruellia tuberosa as affected by air pollution Iqbal, M., et al., Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2011. 9(3-4): p. 1101-1104.
14. Antimicrobial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L. (whole plant) Arirudran, B., A. Saraswathy, and K. Vijayalakshmi, Pharmacognosy Journal, 2011. 3(23): p. 91-95.
15. Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical studies on Ruellia tuberosa L. (whole plant) Arirudran, B., A. Saraswathy, and K. Vijayalakshmi, Pharmacognosy Journal, 2011. 3(22): p. 29-34.
16. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Ruellia tuberosa L. using in-vitro model Arirudran, B., A. Saraswathy, and K. Vijayalakshmi, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2011. 4(12): p. 4344-4347.
17. Evaluation of biochemical contents, n.v., trace elements, SDS-PAGE and HPTLC profiling in the leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Manikandan, A. and D.V.A. Doss, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2010. 2(3): p. 295-303.
18. Effect of 50% hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracartthus patulus (Jacq.) on AST, A., ACP and ALP levels in serum, liver and kidney of alloxan induced diabetic rats Manikandan, A. and D.V.A. Doss, Annals of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010. 1(2): p. 142-146.
19. Review on Ruellia tuberosa (Cracker plant) Chothani, D.L., et al., Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010. 2(12): p. 506-512.
20. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Ruellia tuberosa Alam, M.A., et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009. 47(3): p. 209-214.
21. Pharmacognostic studies on Ruellia tuberosa Suseela, L. and S. Prema, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2007. 29(3A): p. 117-122.
22. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa Chen, F.A., et al., Food Chemistry, 2006. 94(1): p. 14-18.
23. Antimicrobial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L Wiart, C., et al., American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2005. 33(4): p. 683-685.
24. Gastroprotective activity of Ruellia tuberosa root extract in rats Arambewela, L.S.R., R. Thambugala, and W.D. Ratnasooriya, Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 2003. 4(2): p. 191-194.
25. A new triterpenoid from Ruellia tuberosa Linn Singh, R.S., et al., Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 2002. 41(8): p. 1754-1756.
26. Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae), a.n.s.i.T.H., TsaiWen and N. Chung, Journal of the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University, 2002. 16(3): p. 145-149.
27. Effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf extract, N.a.i.o.f.m.o.m.P., D. and S.N. Pandey, Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2001. 58(3): p. 246-249.
28. Changes in floral buds of mango (Mangifera indica L.) treated with leaf extract of Ruellia tuberosa L Pandey, D., S.N. Pandey, and P.B. Varade, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000. 5(3): p. 303-306.
29. Stomatal conductance, p.r., and pigment content in Ruellia tuberosa leaves as affected by coal-smoke pollution Nighat, F., Mahmooduzzafar, and M. Iqbal, Biologia Plantarum, 2000. 43(2): p. 263-267.
30. Ecotypic differentiation in Ruellia tuberosa Reddy, K.B. and K. Aruna, Tropical Ecology, 1997. 38(1): p. 137-139.
31. Two new aliphatic compounds from Ruellia tuberosa Linn Misra, T.N., et al., Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1997. 36(12): p. 1194-1197.
32. Ruellia tuberosa and its control in citrus cultivation Casamayor, R. and V. Prieto, Centro Agricola, 1997. 24(1): p. 3-13.
33. Kinetic properties for the in vivo secreted acid phosphatase enzyme from the roots of Cajanus cajan, R.t.a.E.h.A., J., Plant Physiology, 1996. 111(2): p. 491-491.
34. CYTOMIXIS IN A RUELLIA HYBRID RUELLIA-TWEEDIANA X RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Singh, R.R. and J. Singh, Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences, 1987. 53(1): p. 73-76.
35. HYDROCARBONS LUPEOL AND PHYTOSTEROLS FROM THE TUBERS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Andhiwal, C.K., C. Has, and R.P. Varshney, Indian Drugs, 1985. 23(1): p. 48-49.
36. GIBBERELLIC-ACID RESPONSE AND INDUCED CHASMOGAMOUS VARIANT IN CLEISTOGAMOUS RUELLIA HYBRID (RUELLIA-TWEEDIANA BY RUELLIA-TUBEROSA) Raghuvanshi, S.S., C.S. Pathak, and R.R. Singh, Botanical Gazette, 1981. 142(1): p. 40-42.
37. EFFECT OF SODIUM ARSENITE 2 4-D AND 1 2 DI HYDRO PYRIDAZINE-3 6-DIONE ON THE MITOSIS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Khosla, S.N. and V.R. Dhyansagar, Indian Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences, 1981. 1(1): p. 76-82.
38. NATURAL-PRODUCTS FROM RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L Behari, M., M.M. Goyal, and M. Streibl, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 1981. 58(2): p. 176-177.
39. AMINO-ACIDS IN THE TUBERS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Yajnik, R.S. and C.K. Andhiwal, Geobios (Jodhpur), 1979. 6(6): p. 263-264.
40. TOXIC SUBSTANCES PRODUCED BY FUSARIUM .7. CONTROL OF FUSARIAL WILT OF SAFFLOWER BY ROOT EXUDATES AND EXTRACTIVES OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Ghosal, S., et al., Experientia, 1978. 34(8): p. 1057-1058.
41. ROLE OF NUCLEIC-ACIDS IN GERMINATION OF RUELLIA SEEDS Choudhuri, M.A., K.S. Konar, and K. Gupta, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1978. 21(3): p. 217-222.
42. ASPECTS OF HOST PREFERENCE AND SUCCESSION IN THRIPS INFESTING RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Viswanathan, T.R. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, Entomon, 1976. 1(1): p. 71-77.
43. BIOSYSTEMATICS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L (ACANTHACEAE) Long, R.W., American Journal of Botany, 1976. 63(7): p. 951-959.
44. GERMINATION MECHANISM OF THE SEEDS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Choudhuri, M.A., K.K. Gupta, and S.K. Chatterjee, Geobios (Jodhpur), 1975. 2(6): p. 178-182.
45. Apigenin glycosides from Thunbergia fragrans and Ruellia tuberosa Nair, A.G.R. and S.S. Subramanian, Current Science, 1974. 43(15): p. 480-480.
46. APIGENIN GLYCOSIDES FROM THUNBERGIA-FRAGRANS AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Nair, A.G.R. and Subraman.Ss, Current Science, 1974. 43(15): p. 480-480.
47. SYNTHESIS OF GLUCURONIDES IN FLAVONOID-SERIES .3. ISOLATION OF APIGENIN-7-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE FROM RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L AND ITS SYNTHESIS Wagner, H., et al., Chemische Berichte-Recueil, 1971. 104(9): p. 2681-&.
48. LIGHT AND GIBBERELLIN-A3 INTERACTION IN SEEDLING GROWTH OF ASTERACANTHA-LONGIFOLIA NEES AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L Chawan, D.D., K.D. Sharma, and D.N. Sen, Osterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 1971. 119(1-3): p. 19-&.
49. LIGHT AND GIBBERELLIN-A-3 INTERACTION IN THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF ASTERACANTHA-LONGIFOLIA-D AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D Chawan, D.D., K.D. Sharma, and D.N. Sen, Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 1971. 119(1-3): p. 19-24.
50. MORPHACTIN AND CYTOKININS INTERACTION IN SEEDLING GROWTH OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA LINN Chawan, D.D., D.N. Sen, and K.D. Sharma, Current Science, 1971. 40(4): p. 93-&.
51. EFFECT OF SPRAYING SODIUM ARSENITE ON WEEDS ACHYRANTHES-ASPERA-D CASSIA-TORA-D AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D Khosla, S.N. and V.R. Dnyansagar, Journal of the University of Bombay, 1970. 39(66): p. 77-82.
52. ECO PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SEED GERMINATION IN RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D ABSTRACT MOISTURE LIGHT TEMPERATURE WEED Sen, D.N., Indian Science Congress Association Proceedings, 1967. 54(3): p. 352-353.
53. A new weed for West Africa: Ruellia tuberosa Linn Hall, J.B. and J. Jenik, Niger Fid., 1967. 32(4): p. 188-91.
54. EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF SOME WEEDS ABSTRACT ACHYRANTHES-ASPERA-D CASSIA-TORA-D RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D 2 4 D HERBIC Dnyansagar, V.R. and S.N. Khosla, Indian Science Congress Association Proceedings, 1967. 54(3): p. 354-354.
55. Temperature relations of Ruellia tuberosa Linn Sen, D.N. and U.N. Chatterji, Osterreich Bot Zeitschr, 1966. 113((3-4)): p. 390-394.
56. Post-fertilization studies in the ovule of Ruellia tuberosa Linn Ram, H.Y.M., Lloydia, 1960. 23((1)): p. 21-27.
57. Studies in the Acanthaceae. Microsporogenesis in Justicea betonlca, B.p.a.R.t.N., C. R., Jour Madras Univ, 1956. 26B((2)): p. 189-207.
58. Ruellia tuberosa and a few of its close relatives Leonard, E.C., Jour Washington Acad Sci, 1927. 17((20)): p. 509-520.
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