Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. Family: Leguminosae
Common name: Pepper leaved Senna, Kasondi Senna
Bengali: Kolkasunda কল্কাসুন্দা
Hindi: Kasaunda
Gujarati: કાસુંદરી
Malayalam: Ponnavirum, പൊന്നാന്തകര Ponnanthakara
Portuguese: cássia caromendeliana
Sanskrit: Kaasamarda
Spanish: algarrobilla
Tamil: Sulari, ஞாழல் Gnalal, Ponnaavaarai
Description: Perennial, Shrubs, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Stems or branches arching, spreading or decumbent, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Extrafloral nectary glands on petiole, Stipules inconspicuous, absent, or caducous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules deciduous, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves even pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers actinomorphic or somewhat irregular, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Peta ls orange or yellow, Fertile stamens 6-8, Stamens heteromorphic, graded in size, Stamens completely free, separate, Filaments glabrous, Anthers opening by basal or terminal pores or slits, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit stipitate, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit coriaceous or becoming woody, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit internally septate between the seeds, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seed with elliptical line or depression, pleurogram, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Said to be poisonous, contradictory reports. Plant expectorant, a decoction used against cough, bronchitis, asthma and respiratory ailments. Leaf infusion drunk to treat fever and malaria, leaves decoction for conjunctivitis; warm leaves poultice applied in hydrocele; leaves juice expectorant, antiseptic, anthelmintic, febrifuge, antirheumatic, applied against ringworm; powdered dry leaves insecticides and insect repellent. Bark infusion antidiabetic; bark and powdered seeds mixed with honey given in diabetes. Bark, leaves and seeds cathartic; paste of bark or seed applied to treat ringworm and pimples. Seeds used to treat fever; seed powder taken to treat urinary problems. Roots decoction drunk to relieve painful menstruation and as a postpartum remedy; root is considered to be expectorant. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Malaria, fevers, anthelmintic, rheumatism, anti-inflammatory. [Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition]
Leaves, seeds, bark—cathartic; considered specific for ringworm and other skin diseases (bark may cause dermatitis); used for bronchitis and asthma. A paste of leaves is used for treating piles. An infusion of fresh leaves, with sugar, is given in jaundice. Plant is spasmolytic. Alcoholic extract of leaves is intestinal and bronchial muscle relaxant. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Seed: In the vicinity of Georgetown, Guyana the boiled seeds are used for the treatment of Bright's disease. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]
Malaria, fevers, anthelmintic, rheumatism, anti-inflammatory. [Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition]
Leaves, seeds, bark—cathartic; considered specific for ringworm and other skin diseases (bark may cause dermatitis); used for bronchitis and asthma. A paste of leaves is used for treating piles. An infusion of fresh leaves, with sugar, is given in jaundice. Plant is spasmolytic. Alcoholic extract of leaves is intestinal and bronchial muscle relaxant. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Seed: In the vicinity of Georgetown, Guyana the boiled seeds are used for the treatment of Bright's disease. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]
21 Published articles of Senna sophera
1. Studies on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Cassia sophera roots Hussain, S.N., et al., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2015. 5(6): p. 483-488.
2. In vitro and in vivo effects of the leaf extracts of Cassia tora and Cassia sophera in reducing the cytotoxicity and angiogenesis Sumangala, R. and C. Suresh, British Biotechnology Journal, 2013. 3(3): p. 377-389.
3. Anti-mycobacterial screening of five Indian medicinal plants and partial purification of active extracts of Cassia sophera and Urtica dioica Singh, R., et al., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2013. 6(5): p. 366-371.
4. Antidiabetic activity of Cassia sophera in STZ induced diabetic rats and its effect on insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets Poonam, S., S. Rambir, and B. Priyanka, International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2013. 5(3): p. 314-321.
5. Anti-inflammatory effect of O-methylated flavonol 2-(3, -.d.-p.-., 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-chromen-4-one obtained from Cassia sophera Linn in rats Mondal, Arijit, D. Rajalingam, and T.K. Maity, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013. 147(2): p. 525-529.
6. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of leaves of Cassia sophera Linn Arijit, M., et al., Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. 2012: p. 436139-Article ID 436139.
7. Hepatoprotective effect of Cassia sophera leaves extract against paracetamol induce hepatic injury in rats Wankhade, P.W., et al., International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2011. 2(3): p. P-438.
8. Effect of Cassia sophera (Linn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of serum and tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Sowmia, C. and P. Megha, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2011. 4(11): p. 3922-3924.
9. SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN TYLOPHORA INDICA AND CASSIA SOPHERA Deshwal, V.K. and M.M.M. Siddiqui, Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 2011. 11(2): p. 461-464.
10. TDZ-induced high frequency shoot regeneration in Cassia sophera Linn. via cotyledonary node explants Parveen, S. and A. Shahzad, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2010. 16(2): p. 201-206.
11. Evaluation of antiasthmatic activity of Cassia sophera linn Nagore, D.H., V.K. Ghosh, and M.J. Patil, Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2009. 5(19): p. 109-118.
12. Free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content of Cassia sophera L Rahman, A., et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008. 7(10): p. 1591-1593.
13. Free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content of Cassia sophera L Atiqur, R., et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008. 7(10): p. 1591-1593.
14. Study on hepatoprotective activity of leaf extract of Cassia sophera linn. in rats Ashraf, S., et al., Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2008. 40: p. 73-73.
15. A novel cycloartane triterpene glycoside from the seeds of Cassia sophera L Zhao, Y., et al., Natural Product Research, 2007. 21(6): p. 494-499.
16. Hepatoprotective effect of the seed of Cassia sophera, l.v.P., roxb. against CCl 4 induced hepatic damage in albino rats Bilal, Ahmad, et al., Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2005. 1(2): p. 68-69.
17. AN ANTHRAQUINONE 3-NEOHESPERIDOSIDE FROM CASSIA-SOPHERA ROOT BARK Joshi, T., et al., Phytochemistry, 1985. 24(12): p. 3073-3074.
18. A NEW ANTHRAQUINONE FROM CASSIA-SOPHERA HEARTWOOD Malhotra, S. and K. Misra, Planta Medica, 1982. 46(4): p. 247-249.
19. ANTHRAQUINONES FROM CASSIA-SOPHERA HEARTWOOD Malhotra, S. and K. Misra, Phytochemistry, 1982. 21(1): p. 197-199.
20. CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF FLOWERS OF CASSIA-SOPHERA Tiwari, R.D. and G. Misra, Planta Medica, 1975. 28(2): p. 182-185.
21. Feeding experiments with Cassia sophera Seddon, H.R. and H.R. Carne, Dept Agric New So Wales Sci Bull No, 1926. 26: p. 46-46.
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