Erythrina suberosa, Mullumurungu, dauldak, Balabhadrika

Erythrina suberosa Roxb.
Family: Fabaceae

Synonyms: Corallodendron suberosum (Roxb.) Kuntze, Erythrina alba Wight & Arn., Erythrina glabrescens (Prain) R.Parker, Erythrina maxima Wight & Arn., Erythrina stricta var. suberosa (Roxb.) Niyomdham, Erythrina suberosa var. glabrescens Prain, Erythrina suberosa var. sublobata Roxb. ex Haines, Erythrina sublobata Roxb., Micropteryx suberosa (Roxb.) Walp., Micropteryx sublobata (Roxb.) Walp.

• Hindi: धौलदाक dauldak, मदार Madar, Pangra
• Tamil: Mullumurungu, கிஞ்சுகம் Kincukam, முருக்கு மரம் murukku maram
• Malayalam: Mullumurukku, Nimbataru, Paribhadram
• Telugu: బలభద్రిక Balabhadrika
• Kannada: Halivana, Keechige, Mandara
• Bengali: রক্তমন্দার Raktamandar
• Konkani: Pangar
• Sanskrit: मन्दार mandara, पारिभद्र paribhadra
• Nepali: फलेदो Phaledo

Description: Erect tree, 13-17 in tall, branches armed with prickles. 3-6 mm long, which fall off after the third year. Leaf sometimes armed, trifoliolate, petiole 10-20 cm long, leaflets 7.5-15 cm long and broad, the terminal rhomboid ovate, the lateral obliquely deltoid, glabrous above, densely pubescent below; stipels glanduliform; stipules linear-lanceolate, caducous. Racemes 14, near the tip of branches, 5-10 cm long, peduncle short. Flowers in fascicles of 1-3. Pedicel 12-13 mm long; bracts caducous, bracteoles minute. Calyx 6-10 mm long, pubescent, becoming bilabiate. Corolla scarlet. Vexillum 3.7-5.0 cm long, 12-16 mm broad. Fruit stipitate, 12.5-15.0 cm long, torulose, 2-5-seeded.

Used  in  Siddha.  Seed  poisonous  if  ingested.  Leaves  paste cathartic,  diuretic,  antiseptic,  antiinflammatory,  applied  on swellings  and  boils.  Veterinary  medicine,  stem  bark  ash mixed with coconut oil and applied on blisters and wounds in cattle to remove maggots; ash of dried bark mixed with coconut oil applied on wound of neck of cattle as antiseptic; bark  decoction  applied  on  swelling  or  injuries  to  hump  of cattle. Stem bark as fish poison. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

30 Published articles of Erythrina suberosa
1.    AXIAL DIMENSIONS OF PODS AND SEEDS AND WITHIN-POD-ALLOCATION OF PHYTOMASS AND SEED PACKAGING COST IN ERYTHRINA SUBEROSA ROXB. (PAPILIONACEAE) Khan, D., et al., International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2014. 11(2-3): p. 191-206.
2.    SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF ERYTHRINA SUBEROSA ROXB Khan, D., Z.A. Sahito, and M.J. Zaki, International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2014. 11(4): p. 563-579.
3.    The anticancer potential of flavonoids isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina suberosa through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of STAT signaling pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells Kumar, S., et al., Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2013. 205(2): p. 128-137.
4.    ANXIOLYTIC-LIKE EFFECTS OF ERYTHRINIAN ALKALOIDS FROM Erythrina suberosa Rodrigues Serrano, M.A., et al., Quimica Nova, 2011. 34(5): p. 808-811.
5.    EFFECT OF IBA- CHEMICAL FORMULATIONS AND CUTTING TYPES ON THE ROOTING BEHAVIOUR OF ERYTHRINA SUBEROSA ROXB. IN RELATION TO BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES Bandana, L.C., G.S. Shamet, and A.D. Mundhe, Indian Forester, 2011. 137(7): p. 847-854.
6.    Induction of apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells by an extract from Erythrina suberosa stem bark Agrawal, S.K., et al., Nutrition and Cancer, 2011. 63(5): p. 802-813.
7.    Induction of Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL60 Cells by an Extract From Erythrina suberosa Stem Bark Agrawal, S.K., et al., Nutrition and Cancer-an International Journal, 2011. 63(5): p. 802-813.
8.    STEM BARK EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA SUBEROSA INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN CANCER CELLS Agrawal, S.K., et al., Annals of Oncology, 2009. 20: p. 36-36.
9.    Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of stem bark extract of erythrina suberosa Agrawal, S.K., et al., Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, 2008. 49: p. 538-538.
10.    Passerine bird pollination and fruiting behaviour in a dry season blooming tree species, E.s.R.F.i.t.E.G.f., India Raju, Aluri J. S. and S.P. Rao, Ornithological Science, 2004. 3(2): p. 139-144.
11.    Chemical constituents of Erythrina suberosa Khaomek, P., et al., Natural Medicines, 2004. 58(2): p. 84-84.
12.    Erysubins C-F, f.i.f.E.s.v.g.T., H., et al., Phytochemistry, 2001. 56(7): p. 769-773.
13.    Two new isoflavones from Erythrina suberosa var. glabrescences Tanaka, H., et al., Heterocycles, 1998. 48(12): p. 2661-2667.
14.    THE NEIGHBOR EFFECT AND ITS ROLE IN SHAPING THE POSITIONAL PATTERN OF SEED DEVELOPMENT IN FRUITS - AN ILLUSTRATION FROM THE PODS OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA Joshi, N.V., U. Shankar, and K.N. Ganeshaiah, Current Science, 1993. 65(3): p. 234-238.
15.    ALKALOIDAL CONSTITUENTS OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA FLOWERS Chawla, A.S., R.R. Reddy, and A.H. Jackson, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1989. 51(5): p. 189-191.
16.    A NEW PRENYLATED FLAVANONE FROM ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA ROOTS Chauhan, P. and V.K. Saxena, Planta Medica, 1987. 53(2): p. 221-222.
17.    GC-MS STUDIES OF NON-SAPONIFIABLE PRINCIPLES OF THE SEED COATS OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA ROXB Chauhan, P. and V.K. Saxena, Current Science, 1986. 55(13): p. 614-614.
18.    INFLUENCE OF WATER-STRESS ON THE AMINO-ACIDS AND SUGARS IN ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA L Mahna, V., T.B. Singh, and H.S. Narayana, Comparative Physiology and Ecology, 1981. 6(4): p. 229-232.
19.    ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE OIL AND ITS UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER FROM THE SEEDS OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA Joshi, R., N.K. Jain, and B.D. Garg, Indian Drugs, 1981. 18(11): p. 411-411.
20.    PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF D-GALACTOSE-BINDING LECTINS FROM SOME ERYTHRINA SPECIES - COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF LECTINS FROM ERYTHRINA-INDICA, E.-A., ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA, AND ERYTHRINA-LITHOSPERMA Bhattacharyya, L., P.K. Das, and A. Sen, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1981. 211(1): p. 459-470.
21.    Effect of water stress on growth and root nodulation in Erythrina suberosa Linn., a.i.r.a.r.m.M., V., T.B. Singh, and H.S. Narayana, International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 1980. 6: p. 139-143.
22.    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ERYSOTRINE FROM LEAVES OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA Miana, G.A., et al., Lloydia, 1972. 35(1): p. 92-&.
23.    INVESTIGATION OF ERYTHRINA SPP .5. STUDY OF ERYTHRINA SUBEROSA LEAVES Singh, H. and A.S. Chawla, Planta Medica, 1971. 19(4): p. 378-&.
24.    Waxes and sterols of Erythrina suberosa bark Singh, H. and et al., Phytochemistry, 1970. 9: p. 1673-5.
25.    WAXES AND STEROLS OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA BARK Singh, H., et al., Phytochemistry, 1970. 9(7): p. 1673-&.
26.    ERYTHRINA SP 3 - CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ERYTHRINA-SUBEROSA ROXB SEEDS Singh, H. and A.S. Chawla, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1970. 59(8): p. 1179-&.
27.    ISOLATION OF ERYSODINE, E.A.H.F.E.S.R.S.S., H. and A.S. Chawla, Experientia, 1969. 25(8): p. 785-&.
28.    Durability of Erythrina suberosa bark Narayanamurti, D. and S.A. Wajid, IPIRA Leaflet, 1969(3): p. 2-2.
29.    Use of Erythrina suberosa bark powder in phenol-formaldehyde resins Narayanamurti, D. and T.N. Prasad, Paintindia, 1969(April): p. 2-2.
30.    Anatomical and chemical characteristics of Indian hardwoods with special reference to their suitability for pulp. Part II-(1) Eucalyptus globulus, E.s., (3) Anogeissus latifolia Chinchole, P. R. and N.S. Mehta, Indian Pulp and Paper, 1968. 22(9): p. 507-14.