Family: Zingiberaceae
Synonym: Languas officinarum (Hance) Farw.
- English: Lesser Galanga
- Chinese: 高良姜
- Finnish: Pikkukalangajuuri
- German: Siam-Ingwer
- Swedish: Galangarot
- Thai: Khaa-ling
- Vietnamese: Mot loai gung
- Thai: khaa lek
- Kulanjana, Sthuulagranthi, Sugandhaa, Ugragandhaa, Malaya Vachaa, Mahaabhari Vachaa.
Description: Rhizomes elongate, terete. Pseudostems 40--110 cm. Leaves sessile; ligule lanceolate, entire, 2--3(--5) cm, membranous; leaf blade linear, 20--30 × 1.2--2.5 cm, glabrous, base attenuate, apex caudate. Racemes erect, 6--10 cm; rachis tomentose; bracteoles very small, less than 1 cm. Pedicel 1--2 mm. Calyx 8--10 cm, puberulent, apex 3-toothed. Corolla tube slightly shorter than calyx; lobes oblong, ca. 1.5 cm, central one hoodlike. Labellum white with red streaks, ovate, ca. 2 cm. Filament ca. 1 cm; anther ca. 6 mm. Ovary tomentose. Capsule red, globose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr--Sep, fr. May--Nov. 2 n = 48
A. officinarum looks similar to A. galanga, but it is smaller in stature
Galangal is used in Thai medicine in a very similar way to ginger. Ginger is considered to be a superior herb, but galangal is more common in Thailand. As a hot herb, the galangal rhizome has a stimulating effect on the digestion, and is therefore useful in cases of indigestion, flatulence, and stomachache. It is also recommended for diarrhoea, nausea, and seasickness. Galangal is reputed to be an aphrodisiac, although this is probably due to its general stimulating effect on the Fire element. Preparation: Decoction from one “thumb-length” (or about 5 grams) fresh galangal, finely chopped, grated, or mashed with mortar and pestle. Boil 10–15 minutes; drink after meals. Topical Application: Galangal has an antiseptic action similar to ginger and may be used topically for bacterial and fungal skin infections, acne, mosquito bites, bee stings, other insect bites, and as a gargle for mouth sores. A. nigra is used for treatment of ringworm and other skin parasites. Preparation: Mash fresh galangal with mortar and pestle. Add a bit of water to make a paste; apply topically to skin. For treatment of skin parasites, add 1 part galangal to 3 parts alcohol and let sit overnight before applying. For sores within the mouth, gargle with galangal tea. [A Thai Herbal: Traditional Recipes for Health and Harmony]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Rhizome used in epigastric pain, colic, dyspepsia, indigestion, vomiting, chronic gastritis, stomachache, flatulence, diarrhea, fever and malaria, and locally applied to infected gums. Seeds used for heartburn, cholera, toothache, ague and colds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
A. officinarum is a very valued medicinal plant and has been in use traditionally. Its rhizome has an essential oil that is warm and spicy. It has been in use in chronic enteritis, gastralgia and the decoction is a folk remedy for cancer in Louisiana and Oklahoma. The rhizomes are considered aphrodisiac, aromatic, carminative, stimulant and stomachic. It is useful in dyspepsia and in preventing fermentation and flatulence. It is considered a nervine tonic. The properties are more or less similar to that of A. galanga. The therapeutic effects when used in traditional medicines might be mainly due to the contents of quercetin, galangin and kaempferol. [Handbook of Herbs and Spices - Volume 3]
It is a favorite spice and medicine in Estonia and Lithuania (GMH). A salve, prepared from the root, is said to be a folk remedy for cancer in Louisiana and Oklahoma. Prescribed for gastralgia and chronic enteritis. Rhizomes are considered aphrodisiac, aromatic, carminative, stimulant, and stomachic, being especially useful in dyspepsia, and in preventing fermentation and flatulence. In India, it is considered a nervine tonic and an aphrodisiac. Reportedly, it clears halitosis when chewed, and sore throat when swallowed. According to India folklore, if given to children, they learn to talk earlier. Powdered with oil or water, it is said to remove freckles. Supposedly reduces the urine flow in diabetics (DEP). Powder is used as a snuff, especially for catarrh (GMH), and sometimes used as medicine for cattle. [CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices]
Rhizome—carminative (in dyspepsia), stomachic, circulatory stimulant, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory. Throughout southern India, the rhizome of Alpinia galanga is used as Raasnaa for rheumatism, intermittent fever, dyspepsia and respiratory ailments. Unani physicians use A. galanga as a sex tonic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
The root is a stimulating, spicy, warming, aromatic alterative.It considerably excites the mucous membrane especially of the stomach, and its use is best in atonic and depressed conditions of the digestive tract. In hot infusion it arouses the circulation and gives general warmth. It promotes menstruation especially when the same has been checked by congestion, in either acute or chronic cases Zingiber, Asclepias or Camomile may be added as required. It has been recommended as an alterative in sarcoma, uterine fibroids, lymphatic swellings and in syphilis. [Physio-Medical Therapeutics, Materia Medica and Pharmacy]
A. officinarum looks similar to A. galanga, but it is smaller in stature
Galangal is used in Thai medicine in a very similar way to ginger. Ginger is considered to be a superior herb, but galangal is more common in Thailand. As a hot herb, the galangal rhizome has a stimulating effect on the digestion, and is therefore useful in cases of indigestion, flatulence, and stomachache. It is also recommended for diarrhoea, nausea, and seasickness. Galangal is reputed to be an aphrodisiac, although this is probably due to its general stimulating effect on the Fire element. Preparation: Decoction from one “thumb-length” (or about 5 grams) fresh galangal, finely chopped, grated, or mashed with mortar and pestle. Boil 10–15 minutes; drink after meals. Topical Application: Galangal has an antiseptic action similar to ginger and may be used topically for bacterial and fungal skin infections, acne, mosquito bites, bee stings, other insect bites, and as a gargle for mouth sores. A. nigra is used for treatment of ringworm and other skin parasites. Preparation: Mash fresh galangal with mortar and pestle. Add a bit of water to make a paste; apply topically to skin. For treatment of skin parasites, add 1 part galangal to 3 parts alcohol and let sit overnight before applying. For sores within the mouth, gargle with galangal tea. [A Thai Herbal: Traditional Recipes for Health and Harmony]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Rhizome used in epigastric pain, colic, dyspepsia, indigestion, vomiting, chronic gastritis, stomachache, flatulence, diarrhea, fever and malaria, and locally applied to infected gums. Seeds used for heartburn, cholera, toothache, ague and colds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
A. officinarum is a very valued medicinal plant and has been in use traditionally. Its rhizome has an essential oil that is warm and spicy. It has been in use in chronic enteritis, gastralgia and the decoction is a folk remedy for cancer in Louisiana and Oklahoma. The rhizomes are considered aphrodisiac, aromatic, carminative, stimulant and stomachic. It is useful in dyspepsia and in preventing fermentation and flatulence. It is considered a nervine tonic. The properties are more or less similar to that of A. galanga. The therapeutic effects when used in traditional medicines might be mainly due to the contents of quercetin, galangin and kaempferol. [Handbook of Herbs and Spices - Volume 3]
It is a favorite spice and medicine in Estonia and Lithuania (GMH). A salve, prepared from the root, is said to be a folk remedy for cancer in Louisiana and Oklahoma. Prescribed for gastralgia and chronic enteritis. Rhizomes are considered aphrodisiac, aromatic, carminative, stimulant, and stomachic, being especially useful in dyspepsia, and in preventing fermentation and flatulence. In India, it is considered a nervine tonic and an aphrodisiac. Reportedly, it clears halitosis when chewed, and sore throat when swallowed. According to India folklore, if given to children, they learn to talk earlier. Powdered with oil or water, it is said to remove freckles. Supposedly reduces the urine flow in diabetics (DEP). Powder is used as a snuff, especially for catarrh (GMH), and sometimes used as medicine for cattle. [CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices]
Rhizome—carminative (in dyspepsia), stomachic, circulatory stimulant, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory. Throughout southern India, the rhizome of Alpinia galanga is used as Raasnaa for rheumatism, intermittent fever, dyspepsia and respiratory ailments. Unani physicians use A. galanga as a sex tonic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
The root is a stimulating, spicy, warming, aromatic alterative.It considerably excites the mucous membrane especially of the stomach, and its use is best in atonic and depressed conditions of the digestive tract. In hot infusion it arouses the circulation and gives general warmth. It promotes menstruation especially when the same has been checked by congestion, in either acute or chronic cases Zingiber, Asclepias or Camomile may be added as required. It has been recommended as an alterative in sarcoma, uterine fibroids, lymphatic swellings and in syphilis. [Physio-Medical Therapeutics, Materia Medica and Pharmacy]
89 Published articles of Alpinia officinarum
1. Antimicrobial efficacy of Rheum palmatum, C.l.a.A.o.e.a.s.p.m.A., Magda M. and N.M. Gumgumjee, African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011. 10(56): p. 12058-12063.
2. Diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum An, N., et al., Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 2006. 8(7): p. 637-641.
3. New diarylheptanoids from the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance An, N., et al., Food Chemistry, 2010. 119(2): p. 513-517.
4. Diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum and their anticancer activity An, N., et al., Fitoterapia, 2008. 79(1): p. 27-31.
5. FLAVONOIDS OF RHIZOMA-GALANGAE (ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE) Bleier, W. and Chirikdj.Jj, Planta Medica, 1972. 22(2): p. 145-&.
6. Anti-proliferative Effect of the Rhizome Extract of Alpinia officinarum on Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines Choi, S.-U., et al., Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2008. 39(4): p. 347-351.
7. Determination of the Content of Galangin in Alpinia officinarum Hance Harvested in Different Monthes by RP-HPLC Deng, Y., L. Feng, and H. Luo, Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2010. 45(20): p. 1593-1596.
8. The influence of the pungent components in extracts of Alpinia officinarum Hance on the antibacterial activities Deng, Y., L. Feng, and H. Luo, Food Research and Development, 2013. 34(4): p. 4-7.
9. Study on HPLC fingerprint of Alpinia officinarum Deng, Y.-F., L.-N. Feng, and H. Luo, Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials, 2011. 34(9): p. 1351-5.
10. Reversing beta-lactam antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus with galangin from Alpinia officinarum Hance and synergism with ceftazidime Eumkeb, G., S. Sakdarat, and S. Siriwong, Phytomedicine, 2010. 18(1): p. 40-45.
11. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding antagonists from Alpinia officinarum Fan, G.-j., et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2007. 17(24): p. 6720-6722.
12. Antiproliferative activity of Alpinia officinarum extract in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 Ghil, S., Molecular Medicine Reports, 2013. 7(4): p. 1288-1292.
13. Isolates of Alpinia officinarum Hance as COX-2 inhibitors: Evidence from anti-inflammatory, a.a.m.d.s.H., Varsha S., et al., International Immunopharmacology, 2016. 33: p. 8-17.
14. Antimicrobial effect by extracts of rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance may relate to its inhibition of beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase Huang, H., et al., Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2008. 23(3): p. 362-368.
15. Vasorelaxation effect of the flavonoids from the rhizome extract of Alpinia officinarum on isolated rat thoracic aorta Hwan, Y.G., et al., Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2006. 37(1): p. 55-58.
16. STUDIES ON PUNGENT PRINCIPLE OF ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE Inoue, T., et al., Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1978. 98(9): p. 1255-1257.
17. DIARYLHEPTANOIDS FROM THE RHIZOME OF ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE Itokawa, H., et al., Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1985. 33(11): p. 4889-4893.
18. 2 NEW DIARYLHEPTANOIDS FROM ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE Itokawa, H., M. Morita, and S. Mihashi, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1981. 29(8): p. 2383-2385.
19. Alpinia officinarum Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Through Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis Jung, C.H., et al., Journal of Medicinal Food, 2012. 15(11): p. 959-967.
20. Isolation of COX-2 inhibitors from Alpinia officinarum Kang, S., et al., Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2000. 31(1): p. 57-62.
21. Vasorelaxation effect of the flavonoids from the rhizome extract of Alpinia officinarum on isolated rat thoracic aorta Kim, H., et al., Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2006. 37(1): p. 56-59.
22. Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of the Rhizome Extract of Alpinia officinarum Kim, K.-U., et al., Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2007. 38(1): p. 95-99.
23. Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity by diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum Kim, Y.U., et al., Planta Medica, 2003. 69(1): p. 72-74.
24. INHIBITORS OF PROSTAGLANDIN BIOSYNTHESIS FROM ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM Kiuchi, F., M. Shibuya, and U. Sankawa, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1982. 30(6): p. 2279-2282.
25. Antifungal activity of the extract of Alpinia officinarum Hance rhizomes on Candida albicans Klahan, K., N. Nantapong, and N. Chudapongse, Planta Medica, 2011. 77(12): p. 1406-1406.
26. Antiviral Activities of Diarylheptanoids Isolated from Alpinia officinarum against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, P., Measles Virus, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in vitro Konno, Katsuhiko, et al., Natural Product Communications, 2011. 6(12): p. 1881-1884.
27. LC-MS/MS analysis, a.a.a.p.o.g.A.o.H.r.K., Leyla Polat, et al., Industrial Crops and Products, 2015. 74: p. 712-721.
28. Cancer chemopreventive activity of the rhizome extract of Alpinia officinarum Ku, K., et al., Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2007. 38(1): p. 95-99.
29. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum Lee, H.J., J.S. Kim, and J.H. Ryu, Planta Medica, 2006. 72(1): p. 68-71.
30. Anti-inflammatory, a.-n., and anti-psychiatric effects by the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats Lee, JiSuk, et al., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009. 126(2): p. 258-264.
31. Anti-microbial effects of rhizome extracts of Alpinia officinarum Hance against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and other pathogenic microorganisms Lee, K. and K. Rhee, Natural Product Sciences, 2011. 17(2): p. 160-164.
32. Presence of fatty acid synthase inhibitors in the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance Li, B.H. and W.X. Tian, Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2003. 18(4): p. 349-356.
33. Supercritical extraction of Alpinia officinarum and GC-MS analysis of its components Lin, J., et al., Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials, 2000. 23(10): p. 613-6.
34. Antihyperlipidemic bioactivity of Alpinia officinarum (Hance) Farw Zingiberaceae can be attributed to the coexistance of curcumin, p., dietary fibers and phytosterols Lin, Li-Yun, et al., Food & Function, 2015. 6(5): p. 1600-1610.
35. Integrated Process for Production of Galangal Acetate, t.W.-L.S.C., and Analysis of Essential Oils of Rhizoma Alpinia officinarum (Hance) Farw Lin, Li-Yun, et al., Journal of food science, 2016. 81(6): p. H1565-75.
36. New cytotoxic diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance Liu, D., et al., Fitoterapia, 2014. 96: p. 76-80.
37. A new dimeric diarylheptanoid from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Liu, D., et al., Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 2014. 12(2): p. 139-141.
38. Simultaneous determination of four flavonoids in Alpinia officinarum Hance by RP-HPLC Liu, Y., et al., Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 2014. 31(1): p. 13-16,20.
39. Determination of diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal) by HPLC with photodiode array and electrochemical detection Liu, Z.H., et al., Phytochemical Analysis, 2005. 16(4): p. 252-256.
40. Repellent and Contact Toxicity of Alpinia officinarum Rhizome Extract against Lasioderma serricorne Adults Lu, J. and D. Ma, Plos One, 2015. 10(8).
41. Mechanism and inhibitory effect of galangin and its flavonoid mixture from Alpinia officinarum on mushroom tyrosinase and B16 murine melanoma cells Lu, Y.-H., et al., Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2007. 22(4): p. 433-438.
42. Separation and Identification of Diarylheptanoids in Supercritical Fluid Extract of Alpinia Officinarum by UPLC-MS-MS Luo, J., et al., Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2010. 48(10): p. 795-801.
43. Isolation and characterization of some antioxidative compounds from the rhizomes of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) Ly, T.N., et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003. 51(17): p. 4924-4929.
44. Antioxidative compounds isolated from the rhizomes of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) Ly, T.N., et al., Biofactors, 2004. 21(1-4): p. 305-308.
45. Isolation and structural elucidation of some glycosides from the rhizomes of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) Ly, T.N., et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002. 50(17): p. 4919-4924.
46. Inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and the structural requirements of diarylheptanoids for the activity Matsuda, H., et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2006. 14(1): p. 138-142.
47. Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells Matsuda, H., et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2009. 17(16): p. 6048-6053.
48. ENERGY EXPENDITURE REGULATION VIA MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR IN OBESITY AND IN VITRO ANTI-MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR EFFECT OF ALPINIA OFFICINARUM HANCE EXTRACTION Mirzaei, K., et al., Endocrine Practice, 2012. 18(1): p. 39-48.
49. Antiproliferative Activities of Lesser Galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance Jam1), T.C.l.L., and Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Against Acute Monocytic Leukemia Omoregie, Samson N., et al., Journal of Medicinal Food, 2013. 16(7): p. 647-655.
50. Simultaneous determination of six compounds in Alpinia officinarum by HPLC Peng, G., G. Zhou, and H. Qin, Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2014. 34(6): p. 966-970.
51. NEW ANTIFUNGAL SUBSTANCE FROM ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE Ray, P.G. and S.K. Majumdar, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1975. 13(4): p. 409-409.
52. ANTIFUNGAL FLAVONOID FROM ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE Ray, P.G. and S.K. Majumdar, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1976. 14(6): p. 712-714.
53. In vitro and in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of diarylheptanoids isolated from Alpinia officinarum Sawamura, R., et al., Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy, 2010. 21(1): p. 33-41.
54. Effects of Alpinia officinarum on LPS-induced brain injury Seok, S.M., et al., Faseb Journal, 2008. 22.
55. Antiemetic principles of Alpinia officinarum Shin, D., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 2002. 65(9): p. 1315-1318.
56. 5-hydroxy-7-(4 '-hydroxy-3 '-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone: A pancreatic lipase inhibitor isolated from Alpinia officinarum Shin, J.E., et al., Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004. 27(1): p. 138-140.
57. 3-Methylethergalangin isolated from Alpinia officinarum inhibits pancreatic lipase Shin, J.E., N.J. Han, and D.H. Kim, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2003. 26(6): p. 854-857.
58. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Alpinia officinarum Srividya, A.R., et al., Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010. 72(1): p. 145-148.
59. Extract of Alpinia officinarum suppresses enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in J774 A.1 macrophages Subramanian, K., et al., Journal of Health Science, 2008. 54(1): p. 112-117.
60. Tackling multiple antibiotic resistance in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) clinical isolates: a diarylheptanoid from Alpinia officinarum shows promising antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity against EPEC and its lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation Subramanian, et al., International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2009. 33(3): p. 244-250.
61. New cytotoxic diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Sun, Y., et al., Planta Medica, 2008. 74(4): p. 427-431.
62. Diarylheptanoids Derived from Alpinia officinarum Induce Apoptosis, S.-P.A.a.D.i.H.N.C.T., Keiichi, et al., Anticancer Research, 2009. 29(12): p. 4981-4988.
63. ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF FOUR BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM Alpinia officinarum HANCE UTILIZING HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY Tan, X., et al., Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2013. 36(10): p. 1355-1365.
64. HPLC analysis of bioactive flavonoids from the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Tao, L., et al., South African Journal of Botany, 2006. 72(1): p. 163-166.
65. FLAVONOLS AND STEROL GLYCOSIDES IN ROOT OF ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM HANCE Tunmann, P. and H. Tkotz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Part B-Chemie Biochemie Biophysik Biologie Und Verwandten Gebiete, 1972. B 27(3): p. 323-&.
66. DIARYLHEPTANOIDS FROM THE RHIZOMES OF CURCUMA-XANTHORRHIZA AND ALPINIA-OFFICINARUM Uehara, S.I., et al., Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1987. 35(8): p. 3298-3304.
67. Determination of Galangin in Commercial Extracts of Alpinia officinarum by RP-HPLC-DAD Verza, S.G., et al., Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2011. 30(3): p. 576-579.
68. Effect of oils in alpinia officinarum hance on serum NO, S., MDA in gastrelcosis mice model Wang, HaiYan, et al., China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2011. 26(7): p. 1640-1642.
69. High-level 1, -.c.i.t.A.o.e.o.f.H.I.o.C.W., Jiao, et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2012. 48(2): p. 325-326.
70. Antibacterial effects of leaf extract of Alpinia officinarum Xavier, T.F. and S. Agatheeswaran, Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 2010. 11(1): p. 49-52.
71. Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract from Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet Xia, D.-Z., et al., Journal of Medicinal Food, 2010. 13(4): p. 785-791.
72. Xiao-di, H.s.d.o.f.i.A.o.H.Z., et al., Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2009. 29(12): p. 2036-2039.
73. Xiao-di, D.o.t.c.o.p.a.i.r.o.A.O.b.H.Z., et al., Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 2009. 26(8): p. 636-638,669.
74. A new cadinane sesquiterpene from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Xu, S.-M., et al., Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 2012. 10(5): p. 374-377.
75. Anti-inflammatory properties of a diarylheptanoid from Ginger (Alpinia officinarum) are mediated through Erk1/2-NF-kB signaling pathway Yadav, P.N., Z. Liu, and M.M. Rafi, Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, 2003. 44: p. 251-251.
76. A diarylheptanoid from lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum) inhibits proinflammatory mediators via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase, p., and transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B Yadav, P. N., Z.H. Liu, and M.M. Rafi, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2003. 305(3): p. 925-931.
77. Inhibitory effect of the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on TPA-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin Yasukawa, K., et al., Journal of Natural Medicines, 2008. 62(3): p. 374-378.
78. Three new antibacterial active diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum Zhang, B.-B., et al., Fitoterapia, 2010. 81(7): p. 948-952.
79. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil and methanol extracts of rhizoma Alpinia officinarum from China in vitro Zhang, J., et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. 9(28): p. 4414-4421.
80. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil and methanol extracts of rhizoma Alpinia officinarum from China in vitro Zhang, J., et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. 9(27): p. 4264-4271.
81. Simultaneous quantification of seventeen bioactive components in rhizome and aerial parts of Alpinia officinarum Hance using LC-MS/MS Zhang, J.-Q., et al., Analytical Methods, 2015. 7(12): p. 4919-4926.
82. Metabonmontics study on the urine of rats adnunistrated with Alpinia officinarum water extracts Zhang, Q., et al., West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010. 25(3): p. 263-266.
83. A novel dimeric diarylheptanoid from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Zhao, L., J.Y. Liang, and W. Qu, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2012. 48(5): p. 836-838.
84. A New Diarylheptanoid from the Rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Zhao, L., et al., Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 2010. 8(4): p. 241-243.
85. Simultaneous determination of alpha-pinene, b.-p., eucalyptol and alpha-terpineolin in essential oil from Alpinia officinarum Hance by GC Zhao, Xiaodi, et al., Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2009. 34(21): p. 2751-3.
86. Diversity and tissue distribution of fungal endophytes in Alpinia officinarum: an important south-China medicinal plant Zhou, R.-C., et al., Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2014. 39(16): p. 3023-9.
87. Progress on Alpinia officinarum Hance Zhu, J., W. He, and J. Ma, Food and Drug, 2009. 11(9): p. 68-70.
88. A new labdane diterpene from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Zou, Q.-Y., et al., Natural Product Research, 2016. 30(1): p. 1-6.
89. Protective Effect of the 70% Ethanolic Extract of Alpinia officinarum and Galangin Against KBrO3-induced DNA and Chromosomal Damage in Mice 양혜은 and 허문영, Yakhak Hoeji, 2010. 54(6): p. 423-428.
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