Taxus baccata, Common Yew, Eibe, Կենի հատապտղային, طقسوس توتي, Обикновен тис, Harilik jugapuu, ურთხელი, ヨーロッパイチイ, Idegran, Тис ягодный

Taxus baccata L.
Family: Taxaceae

Synonyms: Cephalotaxus adpressa Beissn., Cephalotaxus brevifolia Beissn., Cephalotaxus tardiva Siebold ex Endl., Taxus adpressa Carrière, Taxus aurea K.Koch, Taxus baccata var. adpressa-aurea A.Henry, Taxus baccata f. aurea (J.Nelson) Pilg., Taxus baccata var. cavendishii Hornibr., Taxus baccata var. dovastoniana Leight., Taxus baccata f. dovastoniana (Leight.) Rehder, Taxus baccata var. dovastonii-aurea Sénécl., Taxus baccata var. dovastonii-aureovariegata Beissn., Taxus baccata var. dovastonii-variegata Gordon, Taxus baccata var. elegantissima C.Lawson, Taxus baccata f. elegantissima (C.Lawson) Beissn., Taxus baccata var. erecta Loudon, Taxus baccata f. erecta (Loudon) Pilg., Taxus baccata f. ericoides (Carrière) Pilg., Taxus baccata f. expansa (Carrière) Rehder, Taxus baccata var. glauca Jacques ex Carrière, Taxus baccata f. glauca (Jacques ex Carrière) Beissn., Taxus baccata f. linearis (Carrière) Pilg., Taxus baccata var. lutea Endl., Taxus baccata f. lutea Rehder, Taxus baccata var. macrocarpa Lavallée, Taxus baccata f. pendula (J.Nelson) Pilg., Taxus baccata f. pendula-graciosa (Overeynder) Beissn., Taxus baccata var. pendula-overeynderi Fitschen, Taxus baccata var. prostrata Bean, Taxus baccata var. pyramidalis C.Lawson, Taxus baccata f. pyramidalis (C.Lawson) Beissn., Taxus baccata f. repandens (Parsons) Rehder, Taxus baccata f. semperaurea (Dallim.) Rehder, Taxus baccata f. stricta (C.Lawson) Rehder, Taxus baccata var. variegata Weston, Taxus baccata f. variegata (Weston) Rehder, Taxus baccata f. xanthocarpa Kuntze, Taxus baccifera Theophr. ex Bubani, Taxus columnaris K.Koch, Taxus communis J.Nelson, Taxus communis var. pyramidalis (hort. ex Ravenscr., C. Lawson & et al.) Nelson, Taxus disticha Wender. ex Henkel & Hochst., Taxus dovastonii Carrière, Taxus elegantissima Carrière, Taxus elvastonensis Beissn., Taxus empetrifolia Gordon, Taxus erecta Carrière, Taxus ericoides Carrière, Taxus expansa K.Koch, Taxus fastigiata Lindl., Taxus foxii Carrière, Taxus hibernica Hook. ex Loudon, Taxus horizontalis Carrière, Taxus imperialis Gordon, Taxus jacksonii K.Koch, Taxus lugubris Salisb., Taxus marginata Carrière, Taxus michelii Carrière, Taxus microphylla Gordon, Taxus mitchellii Carrière, Taxus monstrosa Gordon, Taxus nana Parl., Taxus parvifolia Wender., Taxus pectinata Gilib., Taxus pendula Carrière, Taxus pyramidalis Carrière, Taxus pyramidalis (hort. ex Ravenscr., C. Lawson & et al.) Severin, Taxus recurvata C.Lawson, Taxus sparsifolia Loudon, Taxus tardiva (Siebold ex Endl.) C.Lawson, Taxus variegata Carrière, Taxus virgata Wall. ex Gordon, Verataxus adpressa (Carrière) Carrière

• English: Common Yew 
• Sanskrit: Sukapushpa, Vikarna
• \Bengali: Birmi, Talish Patra
• Gujarathi: Gethela Barmi
• Hindi: Thuner, Talispatra Bhed
• Kannada: Sthauneyak
• Malayalam: Thuriangam
• Marathi: Sthauney Barmi
• Tamil, Telugu: Talisapatri Bhedam
• Afrikaans: Yf
• Alemannisch: Eibe
• Arabic: طقسوس توتي
• Armenian: Կենի հատապտղային
• Azerbaujani: Giləmeyvəli qaraçöhrə
• Basque: Hagin arrunt
• Breton: Ivin (gwez)
• Bulgarian: Обикновен тис
• Catalan: Teix
• Chinese: 歐洲紅豆杉
• Croatian: Tisa (biljka)
• Czech: Tis červený
• Danish: Almindelig Taks
• Dutch: Venijnboom
• Estonian: Harilik jugapuu
• Finnish: Euroopanmarjakuusi
• French: If commun
• Georgian: ურთხელი
• German: Europäische Eibe
• Greek: Ίταμος (φυτό)
• Hebrew: טקסוס מעונב
• Hungarian: Közönséges tiszafa
• Japanese: ヨーロッパイチイ
• Lithuanian: Europinis kukmedis
• Nepali: बर्मेसल्ला
• Norwegian: Barlind
• Pashto: اروپايي ټاکسوس
• Persian: سرخدار
• Polish: Cis pospolity
• Russian: Тис ягодный
• Swedish: Idegran
• Turkish: Yaygın porsuk
• Ukrainian: Тис ягідний
• Urdu: یورپی سرخدار
• Vietnamese: Thanh tùng châu Âu

Used for blood disorders, morbid thirst, moles, burning syndrome, worm infestations, pimples, and tumors (therapeutic uses based on texts from 1000 bc to sixteenth century). Sthauneya belonged to Elādi varga, Karpurādi varga and Chandanādi varga during the  classical period of Ayurveda. [Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial Plant Drugs: Expanded Therapeutics]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Extremely toxic, death is likely. Taxus baccata has caused poisoning and death in cattle, horses, livestock, pets and birds, and humans. Stem and leaves abortifacient, diaphoretic, antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, purgative, for rheumatism, malaria, epilepsy, coughs, tuberculosis, cold. Tincture from the young shoots used to control headache, giddiness, diarrhea and biliousness. Bark used in cough and cold. Pounded leaves given orally for asthma, bronchial disorders and indigestion. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Rheumatism, malaria, epilepsy, purgative (in south africa) [Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition]

Herb—CNS depressant; reduces motor activity; analgesic, anticonvulsant. Leaf used in nervousness, epilepsy, hysteria, asthma, chronic bronchitis. Leaf and fruit—antispasmodic, sedative, emmenagogue. Berry—used in chronic bronchitis. Taxol—antimitotic; also being tried for the treatment of severe drug-resistant human malaria. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

The leaves contain a volatile oil, tannic and gallic acids, and a resinous substance called toxin. Yew leaves and fruits have been given for their emmenagogue, sedative and anti-spasmodic effects. Pereira says that therapeutically the yew appears to hold an intermediate position between Savin and Digitalis, being allied to the former by its acrid, diuretic and emmenagogue properties, and to the latter by the giddiness, irregular and depressed action of the heart, convulsions and insensibility, which it produces. Yew is, however, reported to have one decided advantage over Digitalis by its effects not accumulating in the system, so that it is a much more manage- able remedy than Digitalis. Besides its use as an emmenagogue and sedative in the same cases as Savin and Digitalis are administered, it has also been employed as a lithic in calculus complaints ; and as an anti-spasmodic in epilepsy and convulsions. According to Dr. Taylor the yew tree is sometimes used by ignorant persons to cause abortion. [Indian medicinal plants]

185 Pulished articles of Taxus baccata
1.    Bicyclic and tetracyclic diterpenes from a Trichoderma symbiont of Taxus baccata Adelin, E., et al., Phytochemistry, 2014. 97: p. 55-61.
2.    Squalestatin-induced production of taxol and baccatin in cell suspension culture of yew (Taxus baccata L.) Amini, S.-A., et al., Turkish Journal of Biology, 2014. 38(4): p. 528-536.
3.    TAXANES FROM TAXUS-BACCATA Appendino, G., et al., Phytochemistry, 1992. 31(12): p. 4253-4257.
4.    A 3, -.C.F.T.-B.A., G., et al., Phytochemistry, 1992. 31(12): p. 4259-4262.
5.    PSEUDOALKALOID TAXANES FROM TAXUS-BACCATA Appendino, G., et al., Phytochemistry, 1993. 33(6): p. 1521-1523.
6.    Four new taxanes from the needles of Taxus baccata Appendino, G., et al., Fitoterapia, 1993. 64(1 SUPPL.): p. 47-51.
7.    TAXANES FROM THE SEEDS OF TAXUS-BACCATA Appendino, G., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1993. 56(4): p. 514-520.
8.    Characterization of beta-Tubulin cDNA(s) from Taxus baccata Ashourion, H., S. Abolmaali, and Z. Fooladvand, Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. 150: p. S469-S469.
9.    Pharmacognostic studies on Taxus baccata L.: A brilliant source of Anti-cancer agents Asif, M., et al., Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016. 29(1): p. 105-109.
10.    MACRO-PROPAGATION OF TAXUS BACCATA LINN.: A NOVEL METHOD FOR CONSERVING A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT Aslam, M. and M.S. Rather, Indian Forester, 2008. 134(8): p. 1058-1066.
11.    Yew (Taxus baccata) intoxication in a captive brown bear (Ursus arctos) Bacciarini, L.N., et al., European Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 1999. 5(1): p. 29-32.
12.    Content of antioxidants in extracts of mistletoe ( Viscum album L.), y.T.b.L., pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and fir ( Abies alba Mill.) Barbasz, A., et al., Herba Polonica, 2012. 58(1): p. 27-36.
13.    New taxoids from Taxus baccata L Barboni, L., et al., Liebigs Annalen, 1995. 0(2): p. 345-349.
14.    STUDIES ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED TAXUS BACCATA L. PLANTS: A HIGHLY VALUED MEDICINAL PLANT OF THE HIMALAYAS Basnet, D.B., Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2008. 32(Suppl. S): p. 236-240.
15.    Stratification and mapping of Taxus baccata L-bearing forests in Talle Valley using remote sensing and GIS Behera, M.D., et al., Current Science, 2000. 78(8): p. 1008-1013.
16.    Effects of immobilization by entrapment in alginate and scale-up on paclitaxel and baccatin III production in cell suspension cultures of Taxus baccata Bentebibel, S., et al., Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2005. 89(6): p. 647-655.
17.    Semisynthesis of D-ring modified 7-deoxypaclitaxel derivatives starting from precursor isolated from the leaves of Taxus baccata Beusker, P.H., et al., Abstracts of Papers American Chemical Society, 1999. 217(1-2): p. 60-ORGN 60.
18.    Effect of external factors on the production of taxol and other taxanes in cell cultures of Taxus baccata Bonfill, M., et al., Journal of Biotechnology, 2007. 131(2): p. S45-S45.
19.    2'-Deacetoxyaustrospicatine from the stem bark of Taxus baccata Breeden, S.W., et al., Planta Medica, 1996. 62(1): p. 94-95.
20.    Proliferative activity of callus cultures of Taxus baccata L in relation to anticancer diterpenoid taxol biosynthesis Brukhin, V.B., et al., Biotechnology Letters, 1996. 18(11): p. 1309-1314.
21.    Selection of callus cultures of Tarus baccata L. as a potential source of paclitaxel production Brunakova, K., et al., Engineering in Life Sciences, 2004. 4(5): p. 465-469.
22.    Gene Expression Profiling in Taxus baccata L. Seedlings and Cell Cultures Brunakova, K. and J. Kosuth, in Protocols for in Vitro Cultures and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, S.M. Jain and P.K. Saxena, Editors. 2009. p. 249-262.
23.    Physiologically active constituents of the yew, T.b.P.T.C., Robert Kenneth, J.M. Gulland, and C.J. Virden, Jour Chem Soc [London], 1931. 1931: p. 2138-2148.
24.    PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS IN RABBIT ON ANTI-OVULATORY ACTIVITY PRESENT IN TAXUS-BACCATA LINN LEAVES Chaudhur.Rr, S.K. Saksena, and S.K. Garg, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1970. 22(1): p. 151-&.
25.    The interrelationship of phytotoxins and commercial animals, w.p.e.o.T.b.C., S. M. E., Index to Theses Accepted for Higher Degrees in the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland, 1986. 35(1): p. 433-433.
26.    Production of Taxol((R)) and baccatin III by a selected Taxus baccata callus line and its derived cell suspension culture Cusido, R.M., et al., Plant Science, 1999. 146(2): p. 101-107.
27.    Haemodialysis in Taxus Baccata poisoning: a case report Dahlqvist, M., et al., Qjm-an International Journal of Medicine, 2012. 105(4): p. 359-361.
28.    Why the yew tree (Taxus baccata) is not attacked by insects Daniewski, W.M., et al., Phytochemistry, 1998. 49(5): p. 1279-1282.
29.    Antibacterial Activity of Taxus baccata Extract Dar, B.A., et al., Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2010. 4(1): p. 447-449.
30.    The first isolation of taxol C-13 side chain from Himalayan Taxus baccata Das, B., A. Kashinatham, and G. Anjani, Natural Product Letters, 1999. 13(1): p. 71-74.
31.    Taxol content in the storage samples of the needles of himalayan Taxus baccata and their extracts Das, B., S.P. Rao, and A. Kashinatham, Planta Medica, 1998. 64(1): p. 96-96.
32.    A TAXOID FROM NEEDLES OF HIMALAYAN TAXUS-BACCATA Das, B., et al., Phytochemistry, 1995. 38(3): p. 671-674.
33.    Biflavones of Taxus baccata Das, B., et al., Fitoterapia, 1994. 65(2): p. 189-189.
34.    Lignans of Taxus baccata Das, B., et al., Fitoterapia, 1995. 66(5): p. 475-475.
35.    STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICALS - A LIGNAN FROM NEEDLES OF HIMALAYAN TAXUS-BACCATA Das, B., et al., Phytochemistry, 1994. 36(4): p. 1031-1033.
36.    Taxus baccata allergy in a breast cancer patient de Vos, F.Y.F.L. and H.M.W. van Laarhoven, Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 2012. 70(5): p. 249-249.
37.    Two new taxoids from European yew (Taxus baccata) that act as pyrethroid insecticide synergists with the black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) Doss, R.P., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1997. 60(11): p. 1130-1133.
38.    Identification of Taxanes in Extracts from Leaves of Taxus baccata L. using C-13-NMR Spectroscopy Duquesnoy, E., et al., Phytochemical Analysis, 2009. 20(3): p. 246-252.
39.    Aqueous extract from taxus baccata inhibits adenosine deaminase activity significantly in cancerous and noncancerous human gastric and colon tissues Durak, Z.E., et al., Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2014. 10(38): p. 214-216.
40.    Taxine B, t.m.a.o.T.b.E., Graf, Arch Pharm U Ber Deutsch Pharm Ges, 1958. 291((9)): p. 443-449.
41.    On the presence of taxol and related components in Taxus baccata L. from Crimea and the Caucasus Elais, T.S. and V.V. Korzhenevskii, Rastitel'nye Resursy, 1993. 29(3): p. 73-78.
42.    The presence of taxol and related compounds in Taxus baccata native to the Ukraine (Crimea), G., and southern Russia Elias, Thomas S. and V.V. Korzhenevsky, Aliso, 1992. 13(3): p. 463-470.
43.    Coniferaldehyde from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L Erdemoglu, N. and B. Sener, Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Gazi University, 2000. 17(2): p. 83-87.
44.    Antimicrobial activity of the heartwood of Taxus baccata Erdemoglu, N. and B. Sener, Fitoterapia, 2001. 72(1): p. 59-61.
45.    Bioactivity of lignans from Taxus baccata Erdemoglu, N., B. Sener, and M.I. Choudhary, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2004. 59(7-8): p. 494-498.
46.    The glycosidically bound volatile compounds of Taxus baccata Erdemoglu, N., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2003. 39(2): p. 195-198.
47.    Antimycobacterial activity of Taxus baccata Erdemoglu, N., B. Sener, and P. Palittapongarnpim, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2003. 41(8): p. 614-615.
48.    Pharmacological activity of Taxus baccata Erdemoglu, N., B. Sener, and C.M. Teng, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2004. 42(2): p. 135-137.
49.    STRUCTURAL REVISION OF TAXINE-B, M.A.I.T.L.O.T.E.Y., TAXUS-BACCATA Ettouati, L., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1991. 54(5): p. 1455-1458.
50.    Evaluation and selection of Taxus baccata L. clones according to their root growth capacity as a potential source of enzymes for taxol biosynthesis Ewald, D., T. Stauber, and R. Zocher, Silvae Genetica, 2002. 51(4): p. 133-136.
51.    Effect of taxol feeding on taxol and related taxane production in Taxus baccata suspension cultures Exposito, O., et al., New Biotechnology, 2009. 25(4): p. 252-259.
52.    4 cases of poisoning with the extract of yew (Taxus baccata) needles Feldman, R., et al., Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1988. 79(1): p. 26-9.
53.    Taxol transport in Taxus baccata cell suspension cultures Fornale, S., et al., Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2002. 40(1): p. 81-88.
54.    Lethal poisoning with yew leaves (Taxus baccata, G.i.m.F., D. and O. Pribilla, Arch Toxikol, 1965. 21((3)): p. 150-162.
55.    Taxol in Taxus baccata L. var. elegantissima organs and in tissue culture Furmanowa, M., et al., Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent, 1995. 60(4A-B): p. 2115-2118.
56.    Detrimental effects of water extracts from surface and interior of Taxus baccata leaves on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) Furmanowa, M., et al., Pharmazie, 2003. 58(5): p. 340-342.
57.    Localization of taxol and cephalomannine in the needles, t., and callus of Taxus baccata Furmanowa, M., et al., Planta Medica, 1993. 59(7 SUPPL.): p. A652-A652.
58.    10-Deacetylbaccatin III analogues from Taxus baccata Gabetta, B., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1995. 58(10): p. 1508-1514.
59.    ANTIFERTILITY SCREENING OF PLANTS .8. INVESTIGATION ON TAXUS BACCATA LINN LEAVES Garg, S.K., Indian Journal of Medical Research, 1972. 60(1): p. 159-&.
60.    Proposal of qualitative determination of Taxus baccata L. Homeopathic tincture by applying HTLC and LC/MS procedures Gehrmann, B., et al., Planta Medica, 2010. 76(12): p. 1383-1383.
61.    Seasons Study of Four Important Taxanes and Purification of 10-Deacetylbaccatin III from the Needles of Taxus baccata L. by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Ghassempour, A., et al., Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2009. 32(10): p. 1434-1447.
62.    Investigations on preparative thin-layer chromatographic separation of taxoids from Taxus baccata L Glowniak, K. and T. Mroczek, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 1999. 22(16): p. 2483-2502.
63.    Seasonal changes in the concentrations of four taxoids in Taxus baccata L-during the autumn-spring period Glowniak, K., T. Mroczek, and A.M. Zobel, Phytomedicine, 1999. 6(2): p. 135-140.
64.    Eight cases of fatal and non-fatal poisoning with Taxus baccata Grobosch, T., et al., Forensic Science International, 2013. 227(1-3): p. 118-126.
65.    Infrared and Raman spectroscopic methods for characterization of Taxus baccata L. - Improved taxane isolation by accelerated quality control and process surveillance Gudi, G., et al., Talanta, 2015. 143: p. 42-49.
66.    Physiologically active constituents of the yew, T.b.P.I.E.G., J. M. and C.J. Virden, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1931: p. 2148-2151.
67.    Two new taxoids from the stem bark of Taxus baccata Guo, Y.W., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1995. 58(12): p. 1906-1912.
68.    Immunological detection and isolation of a new taxoid from the stem bark of Taxus baccata Guo, Y.W., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1996. 59(2): p. 169-172.
69.    IMMUNOENZYMATIC METHODS APPLIED TO THE SEARCH FOR BIOACTIVE TAXOIDS FROM TAXUS-BACCATA Guo, Y.W., et al., Journal of Natural Products-Lloydia, 1995. 58(7): p. 1015-1023.
70.    Anti-ulcerogenic lignans from Taxus baccata L Gurbuz, I., et al., Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2004. 59(3-4): p. 233-236.
71.    Taxol production in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata Hirasuna, T.J., et al., Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1996. 44(2): p. 95-102.
72.    Hua, D.o.-d.-b.Ⅲ.i.T.b.b.R.-H.Z., China Pharmacy, 2009. 20(27): p. 2125-2127.
73.    Isolation the taxadiene synthase gene from Taxus baccata Huang, Y., B. Liu, and C.G. Tauer, Plant Biology (Rockville), 1998. 1998: p. 66-66.
74.    BENEFICAL EFFECT OF TAXUS-BACCATA L IN EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS Hussain, S.J., et al., Planta Medica, 1977. 32(2): p. 133-137.
75.    Sex influences the taxanes content in Taxus baccata Iszkulo, G., P. Kosinski, and M. Hajnos, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2013. 35(1): p. 147-152.
76.    Cytotoxic effects of Taxus baccata, J.s., Platycladus orientalis and Cupressus horizentalis Jafarian, A., et al., Toxicology Letters (Shannon), 2001. 123(Supplement 1): p. 59-60.
77.    Contribution to a knowledge of the ingredients of Taxus baccata (yew), e.c.t.J., D. Contribution to a knowledge of the ingredients of Taxus baccata. 70 p.-70 p.
78.    Identification of six taxine alkaloids from Taxus baccata needles Jenniskens, L.H.D., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1996. 59(2): p. 117-123.
79.    A fast-growing cell line of Taxus baccata L (Himalayan yew) as a potential source of taxol precursor Jha, S. and T.B. Jha, Current Science, 1995. 69(12): p. 971-973.
80.    Growth studies of taxus baccata linn. in vegetative multiplication garden (vmg) Joshi, C.S. and S.K. Verma, Indian Forester, 2007. 133(8): p. 1139-1140.
81.    Optimization of the basal medium for improving production and secretion of taxanes from suspension cell culture of Taxus baccata L Kajani, A.A., S. Moghim, and M.R. Mofid, Daru-Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012. 20.
82.    Enhanced taxane production and secretion from Taxus baccata cell culture by adding dimethylsulfoxide Kajani, A.A., S. Moghim, and M.R. Mofid, Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2012. 59(3): p. 223-227.
83.    Expression of dbat and dbtnbt Genes Involved in Paclitaxel Biosynthesis during the Growth Cycle of Taxus baccata L. Callus Cultures Katkovcinova, Z., et al., Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2008. 63(9-10): p. 721-730.
84.    Estimation of Phytochemicals, I.P.a.A.A.o.T.b.S.K., Nida, et al., Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2015. 9(Sp. Iss. SI): p. 375-382.
85.    Effect of phytohormones on propagation of Himalayan yew (Taxus baccata L.) through stem cuttings Khali, R.P. and A.K. Sharma, Indian Forester, 2003. 129(2): p. 289-294.
86.    PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS OF TAXUS BACCATA LEAVES Khan, M.S.Y., et al., Planta Medica, 1976. 30(1): p. 82-85.
87.    Improved Taxol production by combination of inducing factors in suspension cell culture of Taxus baccata Khosroushahi, A.Y., et al., Cell Biology International, 2006. 30(3): p. 262-269.
88.    Diterpene Alkaloid Karacoline from Taxus baccata Growing in Georgia Kintsurashvili, L.G., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2013. 49(1): p. 180-180.
89.    Generic detection of basic taxoids in wood of European Yew (Taxus baccata) by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry Kite, G.C., et al., Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2013. 915: p. 21-27.
90.    Antifungal activity of biflavones from Taxus baccata and Ginkgo biloba Krauze-Baranowska, M. and M. Wiwart, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2003. 58(1-2): p. 65-69.
91.    Assessment of Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Lignans from Taxus baccata L Kucukboyaci, N., et al., Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2010. 65(3-4): p. 187-194.
92.    Biological activities of lignans from Taxus baccata L. growing in Turkey Kucukboyaci, N. and B. Sener, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010. 4(12): p. 1136-1140.
93.    Characterization and control of endophytic bacterial contaminants in in vitro cultures of Piper spp., T.b.s.w., and Withania somnifera Kulkarni, Anjali A., et al., Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2007. 53(1): p. 63-74.
94.    Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of taxoids and lignans from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L Kupeli, E., et al., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2003. 89(2-3): p. 265-270.
95.    Taxinine structural studies, T.b.K., M., et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1963. 30: p. 2153-2160.
96.    Effect of elicitation and feeding on the precursors for the production of taxanes in Taxus baccata L. suspension culture Landa, P., et al., Planta Medica, 2006. 72(11): p. 1071-1072.
97.    Induction of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase activity and taxane accumulation in Taxus baccata cell cultures after elicitation by methyl jasmonate Laskaris, G., et al., Plant Science, 1999. 147(1): p. 1-8.
98.    Seasonal changes in the fine structure of yew leaves and relationships to alkaloid content Lubke, I., Feinstrukturelle Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung des Nadelblattes der Eibe ( Taxus baccata L.) im Jahreszyklus unter Berucksichtigung der Toxizitat der Alkaloide., 1994: p. 162 pp.-162 pp.
99.    Acidic constituents of Taxus baccata Luczak, S. and L. Swiatek, Fitoterapia, 1995. 66(5): p. 469-469.
100.    NEW BIOACTIVE TAXOIDS FROM CELL-CULTURES OF TAXUS-BACCATA Ma, W.W., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1994. 57(1): p. 116-122.
101.    Production of the anticancer drug taxol in Taxus baccata suspension cultures: A review Malik, S., et al., Process Biochemistry, 2011. 46(1): p. 23-34.
102.    ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES OF LEAVES AND SEED CONES FROM EUROPEAN YEW (TAXUS BACCATA L.) Milutinovic, M.G., et al., Archives of Biological Sciences, 2015. 67(2): p. 525-534.
103.    ALKALOIDS OF TAXUS-BACCATA Mirzoev, K.M., A. Abdusamatov, and S.Y. Yunusov, Chemistry of Natural Compounds (English Translation of Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii), 1970. 6(6): p. 797-797.
104.    Propagation of Taxus baccata Linn. by stem cuttings Mitter, H. and A. Sharma, Indian Forester, 1999. 125(2): p. 159-162.
105.    Abietane diterpenoids from callus cultures of Taxus baccata Monacelli, B., et al., Planta Medica, 2002. 68(8): p. 764-766.
106.    CONSTITUENTS OF TAXUS-BACCATA Morelli, I., Fitoterapia, 1976. 47(1): p. 31-38.
107.    Screening for pharmaceutically important taxoids in Taxus baccata var. Aurea Corr. with CC/SPE/HPLC-PDA procedure Mroczek, T., K. Glowniak, and M. Hajnos, Biomedical Chromatography, 2000. 14(8): p. 516-529.
108.    SUICIDAL YEW LEAVE INGESTION - PHLOROGLUCINDIMETHYLETHER (3, -.D.A.A.M.F.P.F.T.-B.M., F., et al., International Journal of Legal Medicine, 1993. 106(1): p. 45-50.
109.    Roe deer Capreolus capreolus feeding on yew Taxus baccata in relation to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus density and snow depth Mysterud, A. and E. Ostbye, Wildlife Biology, 1995. 1(4): p. 249-253.
110.    Some NMDR nuclear magnetic double resonance studies on taxinine and derivatives Taxus baccata Nakanishi, K., M. Kurono, and N.S. Bhacca, Tetrahedron Letters, 1963. 30: p. 2161-2165.
111.    Taxol((R)) and baccatin III production in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata and Taxus wallichiana in an airlift bioreactor Navia-Osorio, A., et al., Journal of Plant Physiology, 2002. 159(1): p. 97-102.
112.    The relationship between TXS, D., BAPT and DBTNBT gene expression and taxane production during the development of Taxus baccata plantlets Onrubia, M., et al., Plant Science, 2011. 181(3): p. 282-287.
113.    Taxus globosa Schltdl. (Mexican yew) and Taxus baccata L. (European yew): intra and interspecies analysis of taxol content and biological activity according to different sources Osuna-Torres, L., et al., Forest Systems, 2015. 24(3).
114.    Inhibition of paclitaxel and baccatin III accumulation by mevinolin and fosmidomycin in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata Palazon, J., et al., Journal of Biotechnology, 2003. 101(2): p. 157-163.
115.    ENGLISH YEW POISONING IN 43 CATTLE Panter, K.E., et al., Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993. 202(9): p. 1476-1477.
116.    Extracorporeal life support in a severe Taxus baccata poisoning Panzeri, C., et al., Clinical Toxicology, 2010. 48(5): p. 463-465.
117.    ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION OF EPI-RHODODENDRIN AND (-)-RHODODENDROL =(-)-BETULIGENOL AND X-RAY CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF RHODODENDRIN = BETULOSIDE , A.H.C.O.T.-B.P., et al., Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1991(11): p. 2687-2690.
118.    Taxezopidine G and 10-deacetyltaxezopidine G from Taxus baccata growing in Iran Pirali-Hamedani, M., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2006. 42(4): p. 394-396.
119.    CAUSING SKIN SHEDDING IN CHILOPOD LARVAE THROUGH PHYTO ECDYSONES OF THE YEW TAXUS-BACCATA Pollak, W. and H. Scheffel, Zoologischer Anzeiger, 1973. 191(1-2): p. 86-92.
120.    NEW BASIC TAXOID ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF TAXUS-BACCATA - 2-DEACETYLTAXINE-A Poupat, C., A. Ahond, and P. Potier, Journal of Natural Products, 1994. 57(10): p. 1468-1469.
121.    UBER INHALTSSTOFFE DER EIBE (TAXUS BACCATA L) .4. ZUR STRUKTUR DES BACCATIN Preuss, F.R. and H. Orth, Pharmazie, 1965. 20(11): p. 698-&.
122.    Components of the English yew. 3. A study of the petroleum-ether extract of yew Taxus baccata roots Engl. summ. Preuss, R. and H. Orth, Planta Med, 1965. 13((3)): p. 261-269.
123.    Impact of bark removal on survival of Taxus baccata L. (Himalayan yew) in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, G.H., India Purohit, A., et al., Current Science, 2001. 81(5): p. 586-590.
124.    Antibacterial activity of isolates from Piper longum and Taxus baccata Reddy, P.S., et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, 2001. 39(3): p. 236-238.
125.    The effect of disturbance levels, f.t.a.a.o.t.r.o.T.b.L.f.t.C.H.R., H. C., et al., Current Science, 2000. 79(1): p. 88-90.
126.    Toxicity of Taxus baccata on wild animals Rohn, Mitleil Deulsch Dendrol Ges, 1926. 37((2)): p. 199-200.
127.    The poisonous effect of yew (Taxus baccata) on game Rohn, Zeitschr Forst U Jagdw, 1927. 59((7)): p. 437-439.
128.    Cytotoxic evaluation of different extracts of Taxus baccata against MDA-MB-468, H.a.K.c.c.l.S.-A., H., M. Alavi, and G.A. Mirian, Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 2013. 31(253): p. 1508-1517.
129.    Solvent optimization on Taxol extraction from Taxus baccata L., u.H.a.L.-M.S.-a., H., et al., Daru-Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, 2009. 17(3): p. 192-198.
130.    Transient gene expression from particle gun mediated DNA transfer in Taxus baccata Sarvepalli, B.N. and T.S. Johnson, Faseb Journal, 1997. 11(9): p. A1103-A1103.
131.    Analgesic activity of Taxus baccata Linn. bark extract Satyajit, D., Y. Anurag, and G. Mariappan, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2010. 1(1): p. 1-7.
132.    Partial purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase isozymes from the leaves of Juniperus communis, L.d., and Taxus baccata Schroder, P. and C. Gotzberger, Journal of Applied Botany-Angewandte Botanik, 1997. 71(1-2): p. 31-37.
133.    Fatal Taxus poisoning in grazing cattle Schuler, V., DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 1979. 86(1): p. 29-29.
134.    High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of taxol in Taxus baccata Sener, B. and N. Kucukboyaci, Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Gazi University, 1994. 11(1): p. 11-15.
135.    EVIDENCE OF NEW TAXOL DERIVATIVES EXTRACTED FROM TAXUS-BACCATA Senilh, V., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1984. 47(1): p. 131-137.
136.    An evaluation of toxicity of Taxus baccata Linn. (Talispatra) in experimental animals Shanker, K., et al., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002. 79(1): p. 69-73.
137.    Cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Juniperus sabina compared with hydroalcoholic extract of Taxus baccata and Cisplatin on normal and cancer cell lines Shokrzadeh, M., et al., Planta Medica, 2009. 75(9): p. 986-987.
138.    Cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Cucurbita pepo and Solanum nigrum compared with hydroalcoholic extract of Taxus baccata and cisplatin on normal and cancer cell lines Shokrzadeh, M., et al., Planta Medica, 2009. 75(9): p. 1077-1077.
139.    Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of Juniperus sabina and Zataria multiflora extracts with Taxus baccata extract and Cisplatin on normal and cancer cell lines Shokrzadeh, M., et al., Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2010. 6(22): p. 102-105.
140.    Cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Cucurbita pepo and Solanum nigrum compared with hydroalcoholic extract of Taxus baccata and cisplatin on normal and cancer cell lines Shokrzadeh, M. and S.S.S. Saravi, Toxicology Letters, 2009. 189: p. S81-S81.
141.    Efficient regeneration of Taxus baccata by a non-hormonal chemical treatment Singh, A.K., et al., Current Science, 1996. 70(3): p. 202-202.
142.    Traditional uses of Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana (Talishapatra) Singh, J., et al., Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2005. 27(4): p. 736-739.
143.    Antifertility effect of Taxus baccata leaves in female albino rats Singh, S.P., Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2000. 164(1-2): p. 262-262.
144.    TAXUS-BACCATA IN LAMBS AND MEAT INSPECTION Smit, M.P., Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde, 1992. 117(23): p. 697-699.
145.    ACTION OF ALKALOIDS FROM YEW (TAXUS-BACCATA) ON ACTION POTENTIAL IN XENOPUS MEDULLATED AXON Smythies, J.R., et al., Experientia, 1975. 31(3): p. 337-338.
146.    Isolation, i., and ecology of growth and taxol production by an endophytic strain of Paraconiothyrium variabile from English yew trees (Taxus baccata) Somjaipeng, Supunnika, et al., Fungal Biology, 2015. 119(11): p. 1022-1031.
147.    TECHNIQUE OF TAXOL ISOLATION FROM TAXUS-BACCATA Sorochinskii, B.V., A.I. Prokhnevskii, and D.M. Grodzinskii, Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1990(5): p. 702-703.
148.    ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION TAXOL DRUGS DERIVED FROM COMMON YEW (TAXUS-BACCATA) Sorochinsky, B.V. and A.I. Prokhnevsky, Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 1991. 25(2): p. 45-46.
149.    Teixidol, a.a.-t.f.E.y., Taxus baccata Soto, J., M. Fuentes, and L. Castedo, Phytochemistry, 1996. 43(1): p. 313-314.
150.    Effect of the components extracted from the needles of Taxus baccata on protein biosynthesis in a cell-free rat liver system Sredzinska, K., et al., Acta poloniae pharmaceutica, 1999. 56(1): p. 29-33.
151.    Production, P., and Characterization of Taxol and 10-DABIII from a new Endophytic Fungus Gliocladium sp Isolated from the Indian Yew Tree, Taxus baccata Sreekanth, D., et al., Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009. 19(11): p. 1342-1347.
152.    TAXOL PRODUCTION IN BIOREACTORS - KINETICS OF BIOMASS ACCUMULATION, N.-U., AND TAXOL PRODUCTION BY CELL-SUSPENSIONS OF TAXUS-BACCATA Srinivasan, V., et al., Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1995. 47(6): p. 666-676.
153.    Une etude de Faction anticoagulante de l'if commun, T.b.L.I.S.d.P.d.T., Seance du 1962 Stanislas, E. and S. Auvergne, Ann Pharmaceut France, 1963. 21((3)): p. 270-270.
154.    Antitumour activity of the extract ions from the biomass of Taxus baccata L. cell culture Strelkova, M.A. and N.V. Kirillova, Rastitel'nye Resursy, 2002. 38(3): p. 70-77.
155.    Acremonium sp. - a leucinostatin A producing endophyte of European yew (Taxus baccata) Strobel, G.A., R. Torczynski, and A. Bollon, Plant Science, 1997. 128(1): p. 97-108.
156.    Severe cases of poisoning in horses due to Taxus baccata Szabados, A., Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja, 1976. 31(1): p. 69-69.
157.    Optimization of the extraction of paclitaxel from Taxus baccata L. by the use of microwave energy Talebi, M., et al., Journal of Separation Science, 2004. 27(13): p. 1130-1136.
158.    Antimicrobial endophytic fungal assemblages inhabiting bark of Taxus baccata L. of Indo-Burma mega biodiversity hotspot Tayung, K. and D.K. Jha, Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2010. 50: p. S74-S81.
159.    The medieval physician avicenna used an herbal calcium channel blocker, T.b.L.T., Yalcin, Phytotherapy Research, 2007. 21(7): p. 701-702.
160.    Taxol contents in callus tissue from annual needles and shoots of Taxus baccata L Urasbakhtina, N.A. and A.G. Mardamshin, Rastitel'nye Resursy, 2001. 37(2): p. 96-100.
161.    Effect of the season of explant collection on the diterpenoid taxol content in Taxus baccata L. callus tissue Urazbakhtina, N.A. and A.G. Mardamshin, Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections / translated from Russian, 2001. 378: p. 287-9.
162.    Production of taxanes in a bioreactor by Taxus baccata cells Vanek, T., et al., Planta Medica, 1999. 65(3): p. 275-277.
163.    Production of taxanes by Taxus baccata plant cells Vanek, T., et al., Biotechnology Letters, 1996. 18(5): p. 501-504.
164.    Production of taxanes by Taxus baccata plant cells Vanek, T., et al. Proceedings of Czech-Taiwan, ed. T. Barth, K.T. Wang, and I.C. Liao. 1996. 153-156.
165.    Study of the influence of year season on the taxanes content in Taxus baccata bark Vanek, T., D. Vesela, and R. Pospisilova, Planta Medica, 1993. 59(7 SUPPL.): p. A698-A698.
166.    Taxanes in Taxus baccata pollen: Cardiotoxicity and/or allergenicity? Vanhaelen, M., et al., Planta Medica, 2002. 68(1): p. 36-40.
167.    HIGH-SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY SEPARATION OF TAXOL AND RELATED DITERPENOIDS FROM TAXUS-BACCATA Vanhaelenfastre, R., et al., Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 1992. 15(4): p. 697-706.
168.    Taxane Ditepenoids from the Needles of Taxus baccata L. Growing in Iran Verdian-Rizi, M.r., et al., Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2009. 5(17): p. 67-70.
169.    A NEW TAXANE DITERPENOID FROM Taxus baccata GROWING IN IRAN Verdian-Rizi, M.R., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2010. 46(3): p. 377-379.
170.    A note on fruiting of Taxus baccata Linn. in the hedge garden Verma, S.K. and C.S. Joshi, Indian Forester, 2006. 132(7): p. 887-888.
171.    Seasonal variations in the content of taxanes in the bark of Taxus baccata L Vesela, D., et al., Phytochemical Analysis, 1999. 10(6): p. 319-321.
172.    Quality Control and Analytical Test Method for Taxus baccata Tincture Preparation Vignolini, P., et al., Natural Product Communications, 2012. 7(7): p. 875-877.
173.    STUDIES ON TAXUS BACCATA .2. PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF TOTAL EXTRACT OF LEAVES Vohora, S.B., Planta Medica, 1972. 22(1): p. 59-&.
174.    STUDIES ON TAXUS-BACCATA .1. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS Vohora, S.B. and I. Kumar, Planta Medica, 1971. 20(2): p. 100-&.
175.    PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS ON TAXUS-BACCATA-G Vohora, S.B. and I. Kumar, Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1971. 15(2): p. 36-36.
176.    EFFECT OF BIOFLAVONOIDS OF TAXUS BACCATA ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM Vohora, S.B., et al., Indian Journal of Medical Research, 1980. 71(MAY): p. 815-820.
177.    LIDOCAINE FOR TREATMENT OF YEW NEEDLE TAXUS-BACCATA INTOXICATION Von Dach, B. and R.A. Streuli, Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1988. 118(30): p. 1113-1116.
178.    LIDOCAINE FOR TREATMENT OF YEW NEEDLE (TAXUS-BACCATA) INTOXICATION Vondach, B. and R.A. Streuli, Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1988. 118(30): p. 1113-1116.
179.    YEW (TAXUS-BACCATA) POISONING IN FALLOW DEER Wacker, R., Tierarztliche Umschau, 1983. 38(4): p. 264-&.
180.    Incubation of European yew (Taxus baccata) with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) rumen fluid reduces taxine A concentrations Weaver, J.D. and D.L. Brown, Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 2004. 46(6): p. 300-302.
181.    Very-long-chain hydroxyaldehydes from the cuticular wax of Taxus baccata needles Wen, M. and R. Jetter, Phytochemistry, 2007. 68(20): p. 2563-2569.
182.    Intoxication with Taxus Baccata: Cardiac arrhythmias following yew leaves ingestion Willaert, W., et al., Pace-Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 2002. 25(4): p. 511-512.
183.    TISSUE-CULTURES OF TAXUS-BACCATA AS A SOURCE OF 10-DEACETYLBACCATIN-III, A.P.F.T.H.O.T.Z., A., et al., Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler, 1995. 376(10): p. 583-586.
184.    Establishment of Taxus baccata callus cultures and evaluation of taxoid production Zhiri, A., et al., Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent, 1995. 60(4A-B): p. 2111-2114.
185.    Biosynthesis of taxol: Enzymatic acetylation of 10-deacetylbaccatin-III to baccatin-III in crude extracts from roots of Taxus baccata Zocher, R., et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1996. 229(1): p. 16-20.