Hymenodictyon orixense, Latikarum, મધમહુડો, Vellakdamabu, வெள்ளைக்கடம்பு, ಡೊಲಿ ಮರ, อุโลก, Guliya, Ugragandha

Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.
Family: Rubiaceae

Synonyms: Benteca rheedei Roem. & Schult. , Cinchona excelsa Roxb. , Cinchona orixensis Roxb. , Cinchona thyrsiflora Roxb. [Invalid] , Exostema philippicum Schult. , Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) Wall. , Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) DC. , Hymenodictyon excelsum var. canescens Pierre ex Pit. , Hymenodictyon excelsum var. subglabrum Pierre ex Pit. , Hymenodictyon excelsum var. velutinum Pierre ex Pit. , Hymenodictyon rheedei (Roem. & Schult.) M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida , Hymenodictyon thyrsiflorum Wall. , Hymenodictyon utile Wight

• Assamese: Kodam, Paroli
• Bengali: Latikarum
• Chinese: 高网膜籽
• Gujarati: મધમહુડો Madhamahudo, લુણીયો Luniyo, ભમ્મર છાલ Bhammar Chaal
• Hindi: भुरकुर Bhurkur, काला बचनाग Kala Bachnag
• Kannada: ಡೊಲಿ ಮರ Doli Mara
• Malayalam: Vellakdamabu
• Marathi:कुडा Kuda, भोरसाल Or भोरसाळ Bhorsal, भ्रमरसाळी Bhramarsali
• Oriya: Guliya
• Sanskrit: उग्रगन्ध Ugragandha, भृङ्गःवृक्ष Bhringah-vriksha, भ्रमरछल्ली Bhramarchalli
• Tamil: வெள்ளைக்கடம்பு Vellai-k-katampu
• Telugu: బందారుచెట్టు Bandaaru-chettu
• Thai: อุโลก

Description: Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, bark 2 cm thick, grey to greyish-brown, rough, vertically fissured and cracked; blaze orange red; branches pubescent. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; stipules interpetiolar, leafy, membranous, cauducous; petiole 3-20 cm long, stout, flattened, pubescent, slightly grooved above; lamina 10-25 x 8-20 cm, ovate or elliptic-ovate, base attenuate, apex acute or acuminate, margin entire, pubescent on both sides, chartaceous; lateral nerves 7-11 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers bisexual, pale green, 5-6 mm long, in axillary and terminal racemes; bracts 2, leafy, persistent; bracteoles linear; calyx tube short, truncate to globose, lobes 5, puberulous without, acute, deciduous; corolla tube slender, elongate, limb expanding, lobes 5, puberulous without; stamens 5, attached on the corolla limb; anthers lanceolate-sagitate; ovary 2-celled, inferior, ovules many; style long, slender, stigma fusiform. Fruit a capsule, 2.5 cm long, flat, elliptic, pendulous, 2 valved, brown; seeds many, broadly winged

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Bark very bitter, fresh or dried,  orally used as an astringent, hypotensive, antimalarial, febrifuge and anti-periodic; bark decoction of Hymenodictyon  orixense with barks of Sterculia urens and Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia and root of Carissa congesta given as analgesic and to facilitate delivery; paste of bark in skin diseases;  bark decoction given in diarrhea and malaria; crushed and  powdered  bark  orally  used  for  piles,  dysentery  and  to  kill  tapeworms; pounded bark applied in liver disorders of children. Root juice of mixed with the bark juice of Callicarpa  tomentosa  given  for  fever;  root  paste  applied  on  joints  for  gout. Ceremonial, flowers used in worshipping. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

3 Published articles of Hymenodictyon orixense

1. Phytochemical investigation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of bark of Hymenodictyon orixense.
By: Suchaichit, Nattawut; Kanokmedhakul, Somdej; Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai; et al.
Natural product research  Pages: 1-4   Published: 2017-Oct-19 (Epub 2017 Oct 19)

2. One-pot green synthesis of silver nanocrystals using Hymenodictyon orixense: a cheap and effective tool against malaria, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors?
By: Govindarajan, Marimuthu; Benelli, Giovanni
RSC ADVANCES  Volume: 6   Issue: 64   Pages: 59021-59029   Published: 2016

3. Comparative study on phytochemical and physico-chemical aspects of Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. and Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex. Klotz.
By: Nu Nu Swe; Win Myint
New Agriculturist  Volume: 17   Issue: 1/2   Pages: 215-218   Published: 2006