Circaea alpina L.Family: Onagraceae
Vernacular names:
- English: small enchanter's nightshade, dwarf enchanter's nightshade
- German: Alpen-Hexenkraut, Alpenhexenkraut
- Danish: Liden steffensurt
- Dutch: alpenheksenkruid
- French: circée des alpes, circée alpine
- Finnish: Pikkuvelholehti
- Swedish: Häxört
- Chinese: 高山露珠草
- Vietnamese: Quái quả núi cao
- Russian: Двулепестник альпийский
- Svenska: Dvärghäxört
Description: Plants 3-50 cm tall, glabrous or pubescent with short falcate hairs on stem and short glandular hairs in inflorescence. Rhizomes with tuberous thickening at apex. Leaves highly variably shaped from narrowly trullate or elliptic to nearly circular, 1-11 × 0.7-5.5(-8) cm, base narrowly cuneate to cordate, margin subentire to sharply serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Terminal raceme 0.7-2 to 12(-17) cm. Flowering pedicels perpendicular to axis of raceme (in C. alpina subsp. caulescens and some plants of subsp. angustifolia) to ascending or erect, with or without a minute setaceous bracteole at base. Buds glabrous, rarely glabrescent; floral tube ranging from nearly absent to 0.6 mm. Sepals, spreading or slightly reflexed, white or pink, occasionally purple tinged at apex, rarely purple throughout, oblong, ovate to broadly so, or triangular-ovate, 0.8-2 × 0.6-1.3 mm, glabrous, apex rounded to obtuse or miutely mammiform. Petals white, narrowly obtriangular, obdeltoid, obovate to broadly so to depressed-obovate, 0.5-2 × 0.6-1.9 mm, apical notch essentially lacking or to 1/2 length of petal; petal lobes rounded to truncate, rarely somewhat crenulate (in C. alpina subsp. an gustifolia). Stamens erect or ascending, less commonly spreading, equaling or slightly longer than style; nectary wholly within floral tube and inconspicuous. Fruiting pedicel and mature fruit 3.5-7.8 mm. Fruit clavate or obovoid, 1.6-2.7 × 0.5-1.2 mm, tapering smoothly to pedicel, locule 1, seed 1, without ribs or sulci, but pedicel extending as a shallow groove along upper surface. 2n = 22 (unknown in C. alpina subsp. micrantha).
Plant used on wounds and cuts.
14 Patents / publications of Circaea alpina
1. Tea wine useful for e.g. nourishing heart, prepared using e.g. Circaea alpina, herba dianthi, Stellaria dichotoma, spinach, cudweed, Clinacanthus nutans, Cardamine lyrata, Lagochilus platyacanthus, black tea and yellow rice wine
Patent Number: CN107541430-A
Patent Assignee: HARBIN SHANBAO WINE IND CO LTD
Inventor(s): YIN F; WANG S.
2. Complex hot pot soup blend useful for e.g. strengthening stomach comprises e.g. Castanopsis hystrix, betelnut, Circaea alpina, Ardisia corymbifera, herb of annual fleabane, Indian heliotrope, plum root, Zornia gibbosa and Evodia rutaecarpa
Patent Number: CN107535951-A
Patent Assignee: HARBIN LCWD FOOD DEV CO LTD
Inventor(s): WANG L.
3. Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treating pregnancy depression, comprises Potentilla, Bracken, Circaea alpina, valerian, folium citri reticulatae, jasmine flower, Zndigofera szeehuenensis, Rhodomyrtus and Podophyllum fruit
Patent Number: CN107137656-A
Patent Assignee: ZHANG W
Inventor(s): ZHANG W.
4. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for e.g. treating heart disease during pregnancy, contains Phtheirospermum, Vaccinium bracteatum, Circaea alpina, Caragana microphylla root, lotus petiole, carp skin and licorice
Patent Number: CN106377641-A
Patent Assignee: DU M
Inventor(s): DU M.
5. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for e.g. treating impetigo, clearing away heat and dampness, comprises e.g. coix seed, Hypericum japonicum, groundsel, folium ilicis chinensis, honeycomb, liquorice and Circaea alpina
Patent Number: CN105477456-A
Patent Assignee: SUN S
Inventor(s): SUN S.
6. Medicine used for treating heart blood deficiency type-palpitation, prepared using e.g. Passiflora cupiformis, Rhodiola, Circaea alpina, Rhodobryum roseum, Pedicularis verticillata, Celastrus orbiculatus, fiveleaf Akebia and tuckahoe
Patent Number: CN104998073-A
Patent Assignee: HUANG J
Inventor(s): HUANG J.
7. Traditional Chinese medicine useful for treating blood stasis type palpitation disease, contains herb of passionflower, Rhodiola dumulosa, Circaea alpina, Goodyera schlechtendaliana, Rhodobryum roseum and Pedicularis verticillata
Patent Number: CN104922329-A
Patent Assignee: HUANG J
Inventor(s): HUANG J.
8. Herbal tea useful for relieving summer heat, contains Caltha palustris, Anemone rivularis, Circaea alpina, loquat leaf, persimmon leaf, Salvinia natans, bitter gourd leaf, and sea-tangle
Patent Number: CN104872334-A
Patent Assignee: WANG Y
Inventor(s): WANG Y.
9. Medicine used for treating gallstone includes malachite, Vittaria, shallot, Asparagus officinalis, Solena amplexicaulis, Myriactis nepalensis, Circaea alpina, Grewia, Zostera marina, Zaocys, Pteridaceae, evening primrose and Maesa doraena
Patent Number: CN104857257-A
Patent Assignee: GAO P
Inventor(s): GAO P.
10. Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treating e.g. anemia, includes fruit bark, Epiphyllum oxypetalum, Lantana camara leaves, Celastrus root, Circaea alpina, caulis polygoni multiflori, Lippia, Euphorbia hirta, and licorice
Patent Number: CN104623203-A
Patent Assignee: ZANG H
Inventor(s): ZANG H.
11. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for depression due to yin deficiency, comprises Xylaria nigripes, Abelmoschus sagittifolius, Juniperus indica, Acanthopanax brachypus, Pogonatum inflexum, dwarf elm fruit and Circaea alpina
Patent Number: CN104606558-A
Patent Assignee: ZANG H
Inventor(s): ZANG H.
12. CIRCAEA-ALPINA L (ONAGRACEAE) IN THAILAND
By: BOUFFORD, DE
ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Volume: 71 Issue: 4 Pages: 1185-1185 Published: 1984
13. ALIEN POLYGONUM-SPP
By: MACPHERSON E L S; MACPHERSON P
Glasgow Naturalist Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 203-204 Published: 1975
14. POPULATION STRUCTURE IN CIRCAEA-LUTETIANA CIRCAEA-ALPINA AND CIRCAEA-INTERMEDIA ONAGRACEAE AS REVEALED BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC PATTERNS
By: WEIMARCK G
BENDZ, GERD AND JOHAN SANTESSON (ED.). NOBEL SYMPOSIUM, NO. 25. CHEMISTRY IN BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION. LIDINGO, SWEDEN, AUGUST 20-25, 1973. 320P. ILLUS. NOBEL FOUNDATION: STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., U.S.A.; LONDON, ENGLAND Pages: (1974) Published: 1973
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