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Saturday, January 3, 2015

Portulacaria afra, Elephant Bush


Portulacaria afra Jacq.
Family: Didiereaceae
Synonyms: Claytonia portulacaria (L.) L., Crassula portulacaria L. , Portulacaria afra f. macrophylla H.Jacobsen, Portulacaria afra f. microphylla H.Jacobsen, Portulacaria afra f. variegata H.Jacobsen, Portulacaria portulacaria (L.) Graebn.

Afrikaans: spekboom
Arabic: رجلة الصبار
Chinese: 樹馬齒莧
Finnish: Pensasportulakka
Persian: پورتولاکاریا افرا

Description: It is a soft-wooded, semi-evergreen upright shrub or small tree, usually 2.5–4.5 metres (8–15 ft) tall. Similar in appearance to the "jade plant" Crassula ovata (family Crassulaceae), P. afra has smaller and rounder pads and more compact growth (shorter internodal spaces, down to 1.5 mm). It is much hardier, faster growing, more loosely branched, and has more limber tapering branches than Crassula once established.

32 Published articles of Portulacaria afra
1.    Spontaneous Return of Biodiversity in Restored Subtropical Thicket: Portulacaria afra as an Ecosystem Engineer
van der Vyver, Marius L.; Cowling, Richard M.; Mills, Anthony J.; et al.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY  Volume: 21   Issue: 6   Pages: 736-744   Published: NOV 2013

2.    Spontaneous return of biodiversity in restored subtropical thicket: Portulacaria afra as an ecosystem engineer.
Vyver, M. L. van der; Cowling, R. M.; Mills, A. J.; et al.
Restoration Ecology  Volume: 21   Issue: 6   Pages: 736-744   Published: 2013

3.    The carbon content of Portulacaria afra (L.) Jacq
Pool, J. R.; Ripley, B. S.; Powell, M.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 79   Pages: 206-207   Published: MAR 2012

4.    Soil factors influencing the distribution of Portulacaria afra in subtropical thicket
Becker, C. H.; Coetsee, C.; Cowling, R. M.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 79   Pages: 225-225   Published: MAR 2012

5.    Portulacaria afra is constrained under extreme soil conditions in the Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Mills, A. J.; Cowling, R. M.; Steyn, D.; et al.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 77   Issue: 3   Pages: 782-786   Published: AUG 2011

6.    Portulacaria afra: A study in photosynthetic flexibility
Guralnick, L. J.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 77   Issue: 2   Pages: 530-530   Published: APR 2011

7.    Ecophysiological responses of Portulacaria afra (L.) Jacq. to environmental factors
Nase, P.; Ripley, B.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 77   Issue: 2   Pages: 546-547   Published: APR 2011

8.    A preliminary assessment of rain throughfall beneath Portulacaria afra canopy in subtropical thicket and its implications for soil carbon stocks
Cowling, R. M.; Mills, A. J.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 77   Issue: 1   Pages: 236-240   Published: JAN 2011

9.    Portulacaria afra in East Africa
Newton, Leonard E.
Journal of East African Natural History  Volume: 96   Issue: Part 1   Pages: 107-108   Published: 2007

10.    A preliminary study of sexual reproduction in Portulacaria afra
Venter, H. M.; Wolfson, M. M.; Avenant, P.
African Journal of Range and Forage Science  Volume: 10   Issue: 1   Pages: 63-65   Published: 1993

11.    FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IN THE VARIED PHOTOSYNTHETIC MODES OF PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ
GURALNICK, LJ; HEATH, RL; GOLDSTEIN, G; et al.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 99   Issue: 4   Pages: 1309-1313   Published: AUG 1992

12.    STOMATAL RESPONSES TO LIGHT IN THE FACULTATIVE CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM SPECIES, PORTULACARIA-AFRA
LEE, DM; ASSMANN, SM
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM  Volume: 85   Issue: 1   Pages: 35-42   Published: MAY 1992

13.    THE INFLUENCE OF DEFOLIATION AND MOISTURE ON THE TANNIN AND POLYPHENOL CONTENTS OF PORTULACARIA-AFRA
RAS A M
Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa  Volume: 7   Issue: 2   Pages: 139-143   Published: 1990

14.    CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA L. JACQ
GURALNICK L J; GOLDSTEIN G; HEATH R L; et al.
Conference: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS HELD JOINTLY WITH THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA, JULY 30-AUGUST 3, 1989. PLANT PHYSIOL (BETHESDA).
Plant Physiology (Rockville)  Volume: 89   Issue: 4 SUPPL   Pages: 82   Published: 1989

15.    SEASONAL PATTERNS OF WATER RELATIONS AND ENZYME-ACTIVITY OF THE FACULTATIVE CAM PLANT PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ
GURALNICK, LJ; TING, IP
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT  Volume: 11   Issue: 9   Pages: 811-818   Published: DEC 1988

16.    EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF CO2 ON THE INDUCTION OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ
HUERTA, AJ; TING, IP
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 88   Issue: 1   Pages: 183-188   Published: SEP 1988

17.    PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ DURING A SUMMER DROUGHT AND REWATERING
GURALNICK, LJ; TING, IP
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 85   Issue: 2   Pages: 481-486   Published: OCT 1987

18.    EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ON INDUCTION OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
HUERTA A J; TING I P
Conference: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA, JULY 19-23, 1987. PLANT PHYSIOL (BETHESDA).
Plant Physiology (Rockville)  Volume: 83   Issue: 4 SUPPL   Pages: 12   Published: 1987

19.    WATER RELATION PARAMETERS DURING A SHIFT FROM C-3 TO CAM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
GURALNICK L J; TING I P
Conference: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA, JULY 19-23, 1987. PLANT PHYSIOL (BETHESDA).
Plant Physiology (Rockville)  Volume: 83   Issue: 4 SUPPL   Pages: 98   Published: 1987

20.    SEASONAL RESPONSE TO DROUGHT AND REWATERING IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ
GURALNICK, LJ; TING, IP
OECOLOGIA  Volume: 70   Issue: 1   Pages: 85-91   Published: 1986

21.    SEASONAL CHANGES IN CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM ACTIVITY IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
GURALNICK L J; TING I P
Conference: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, BATON ROUGE, LA., USA, JUNE 8-12, 1986. PLANT PHYSIOL (BETHESDA).
Plant Physiology (Rockville)  Volume: 80   Issue: 4 SUPPL   Pages: 61   Published: 1986

22.    3-CARBON PATHWAY TO CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM SHIFTS IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
GURALNICK L J; TING I P
Conference: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, PROVIDENCE, R.I., USA, JUNE 23-28, 1985. PLANT PHYSIOL (BETHESDA).
Plant Physiology (Rockville)  Volume: 77   Issue: SUPPL. 4   Pages: 85   Published: 1985

23.    SEASONAL SHIFTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ
GURALNICK, LJ; RORABAUGH, PA; HANSCOM, Z
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 76   Issue: 3   Pages: 643-646   Published: 1984

24.    INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND LEAF AGE ON CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA (L) JACQ
GURALNICK, LJ; RORABAUGH, PA; HANSCOM, Z
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 75   Issue: 2   Pages: 454-457   Published: 1984

25.    THE SWITCH TO CAM IN PORTULACARIA AFRA IS NOT A DIRECT RESULT OF REDUCED CO2 UPTAKE
Bates, Loretta M.; Ting, Irwin P.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 75   Supplement: 1   Pages: 129-129   Meeting Abstract: 729   Published: MAY 1984

26.    CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM NOT INDUCED IN WINTER GROWN PORTULACARIA AFRA BY USING A LEAF ANTITRANSPIRANT TO REDUCE GAS EXCHANGE
Bates, Loretta M.; Ting, Irwin P.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 72   Supplement: 1   Pages: 93-93   Meeting Abstract: 527   Published: MAY 1983

27.    SEASONAL ACID METABOLISM AND GAS EXCHANGE CHANGES OF PORTULACARIA AFRA
Guralnick, Lonnie; Hanscom, Zac, III
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 72   Supplement: 1   Pages: 152-152   Meeting Abstract: 868   Published: MAY 1983

28.    EFFECTS OF ABSCISIC-ACID ON CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
TING I P
Photosynthesis Research  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 39-48   Published: 1981

29.    Effects of abscisic acid on CAM in Portulacaria afra.
Ting, I. P.
Photosynthesis Research  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 39-48   Published: 1981

30.    THE EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION ON PORTULACARIA-AFRA
AUCAMP A J; HOWE L G; SMITH D W W Q; et al.
Conference: 15TH CONGRESS OF THE GRASSLAND SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA, JAN. 29-31, 1980. PROC GRASSL SOC SOUTH AFR.
Proceedings Grassland Society of Southern Africa  Volume: 15   Pages: 179-184   Published: 1980

31.    INDUCTION OF ACID METABOLISM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
TING, IP; HANSCOM, Z
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 59   Issue: 3   Pages: 511-514   Published: 1977

32.    INDUCTION OF ACID METABOLISM IN PORTULACARIA-AFRA
TING I P; HANSCOM Z III
Plant Physiology (Rockville)  Volume: 59   Issue: 3   Pages: 511-514   Published: 1977

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