Sapindus saponaria, Wingleaf Soapberry, Fruta-de-sabão, Мыльное дерево настоящее

Sapindus saponaria L.
Family: Sapindaceae

Synonyms: Sapindus abruptus Lour., Sapindus alatus Salisb., Sapindus forsythii DC., Sapindus inaequalis DC., Sapindus indica Poir., Sapindus microcarpus Jard., Sapindus peruvianus Walp., Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walper, Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walper, Sapindus rigidus Mill., Sapindus saponaria f. genuinus Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. inaequalis (DC.) Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. saponaria, Sapindus stenopterus DC., Sapindus thurstonii Rock, Sapindus turczaninowii Vidal

Common name: Wingleaf Soapberry
Chinese: 木患子
French: Savonnier saponaire
Malayalam: പശക്കൊട്ട
Português: Fruta-de-sabão
Russian: Мыльное дерево настоящее

Description: Trees, deciduous, to 20 m tall. Bark grayish brown or blackish brown; young branches green, glabrous. Leaves with petiole 25-45 cm or longer, axis slightly flat, grooved adaxially, glabrous or pilosulose; leaflets 5-8 pairs, usually subopposite; petiolule ca. 5 mm; blades adaxially shiny, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or slightly falcate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or pilosulose, lateral veins 15-17 pairs, nearly parallel, dense, slender, base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, conical. Flowers actinomorphic, small. Pedicels very short. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, larger ones ca. 2 mm, abaxially pilose at base. Petals 5, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially villous at base or subglabrous, long clawed; scales 2, earlike, at base adaxially. Disk acetabuliform, glabrous. Stamens 8, exserted; filaments ca. 3.5 mm, densely villous below middle. Ovary glabrous. Fertile schizocarps orange, black when dry, subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Fl. spring, fr. summer-autumn.

Used in Ayurveda. Poisonous. Fruit expectorant, used in epilepsy; unripe fruits ground and taken with honey in gout; rind  of fruit made into a paste applied to eyes to cure jaundice; ash  from the burnt fruit pericarp given with warm water in piles;  roasted  and  ground  mixture  of  fruit  pericarp  of  Sapindus  mukorossi and bark powder of Acacia catechu given to cure  piles; Caesalpinia crista young fruits decoction with seeds  of Sapindus mukorossi given in tuberculosis, malaria, fevers.  Dry powdered seeds given with hot water in leprosy; seeds  made into a paste with water applied on skin diseases. Flower  used for conjunctivitis and eye diseases. Fruits, fruit bark, for  fish poison. Ritual, rosaries made of seeds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Root: tonic, hemostatic. Fruit: toxic, narcotic, soporific, for epilepsy Seed: astringent [Medicinal Flora of Argentine]

 Root  and  Stem:  Root  and  stem-bark  for  tonic  astringents  and  bitters.  Fruit: Contains an emulsifying saponin (hederagenine) and thus used in French Guiana as a soap, and for shampooing the hair. Diuretic. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

79 Published articles of Sapindus saponaria
1.    ACARICIDAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM Sapindus saponaria AND SOAP SOLUTION AGAINST Tetranychus urticae Vicentini, V.B., et al., Bioscience Journal, 2015. 31(1): p. 118-126.
2.    Seed oil of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) as potential C16 to C22 fatty acids resource Lovato, L., et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 2014. 60: p. 247-251.
3.    Molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts from Solanum mammosum L., S.s.L.a.J.c.L.a.P.c.Q., M., et al., Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2014. 26(10): p. 871-877.
4.    Leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of Sapindus saponaria Correa, E., et al., Boletin Latinoamericano Y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales Y Aromaticas, 2014. 13(4): p. 311-323.
5.    Activity of fractionated extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. leaves on the elongation of wheat coleoptiles Grisi, P.U., et al., Revista Latinoamericana de Quimica, 2014. 42(1): p. 64-69.
6.    Toxicity of the biopesticides Agave americana, F.a.A.a.S.s.S.o.i.s.M.t.T.I., J., et al., Neotropical Helminthology, 2013. 7(2): p. 231-241.
7.    Spermicidal and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Brazilian Sapindus saponaria Damke, E., et al., Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. 13.
8.    Spermicidal and anti- Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Brazilian Sapindus saponaria Damke, E., et al., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. 13(196): p. (28 July 2013)-(28 July 2013).
9.    Phytotoxic activity of crude aqueous extracts and fractions of young leaves of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) Grisi, P.U., et al., Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2013. 27(1): p. 62-70.
10.    Phytochemical screening and inhibitory effect of n-butanol, i.a.w.e.l.e.o.S.s.V.o.s.p.G., S. R., H. Govada, and M. Matta, Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013. 4(1): p. 463-467.
11.    Evaluation of the spermicidal and cytotoxic activity of extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. ( jaboncillo) Ospina Medina, L., et al., Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 2013. 18(2): p. 187-200.
12.    Effects of spermicidal extracts of Ananas comosus (pineapple) and Sapindus saponaria (jaboncillo) on cell viability, c.a.a.O.M., L., et al., Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 2013. 18(4): p. 534-542.
13.    Antimicrobial activity, g.i.o.h.t.c.l., and phytochemical characterization of the hydromethanolic extract obtained from Sapindus saponaria L. aerial parts Rashed, Khaled N., et al., BioMed research international, 2013. 2013: p. 659183-659183.
14.    ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Sapindus saponaria L. ROOT ON BARNYARDGRASS AND MORNINGGLORY Grisi, P.U., et al., Bioscience Journal, 2013. 29(3): p. 760-766.
15.    Seed predation of Sapindus saponaria L. by Leptostylus gibbulosus Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its effects on germination Hernandez-Jaramillo, A., O.P. Pinzon, and A. Parrado-Rosselli, Revista Colombia Forestal, 2012. 15(2): p. 247-260.
16.    Purification, p.c.a.i.v.b.a.a.p.i.o.a.n.t.i.f.S.s.s.G.d.L., G. P., et al., Febs Journal, 2012. 279: p. 81-81.
17.    Germination and vigor of Sapindus saponaria L. seeds submitted pre-germinative treatments, t.a.s.O., L. M. de, et al., Ciencia Rural, 2012. 42(4): p. 638-644.
18.    Germination and vigor of Sapindus saponaria L. seeds submitted pre-germinative treatments, t.a.s.d.O., Lucicleia Mendes, et al., Ciencia Rural, 2012. 42(4): p. 638-644.
19.    Diversity of foliar endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Sapindus saponaria L. and their localization by scanning electron microscopy Garcia, A., et al., Biological Research, 2012. 45(2): p. 139-148.
20.    DEPREDACIÓN DE LAS SEMILLAS DE Sapindus saponaria L. POR Leptostylus gibbulosus Bates (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) Y SU EFECTO EN LA GERMINACIÓN Hernandez-Jaramillo, A., O. Patricia Pinzón, and Á. Parrado-Rosselli, Colombia Forestal, 2012. 15(2): p. 247-260.
21.    Anti-snake venom activities of extracts and fractions from callus cultures of Sapindus saponaria da Silva, M.L., et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012. 50(3): p. 366-375.
22.    Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plant Sapindus saponaria L Garcia, A., et al., Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012. 2(10): p. 35-40.
23.    Allelopathic potential of Sapindus saponaria L. leaves in the control of weeds Grisi, P.U., et al., Acta Scientiarum-Agronomy, 2012. 34(1): p. 1-9.
24.    Allelopathic interference of Sapindus saponaria root and mature leaf aqueous extracts on diaspore germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa Grisi, P.U., et al., Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2012. 35(1): p. 1-9.
25.    Sapindus saponaria seeds physiological quality resulting from procedures for harvesting the fruits Martins, C.C., C. Zucareli, and R.A. Coimbra, Semina-Ciencias Agrarias, 2011. 32: p. 1825-1830.
26.    In vivo activity of Sapindus saponaria against azole-susceptible and -resistant human vaginal Candida species Damke, E., et al., Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011. 11.
27.    Allelopathic Effect of Sapindus saponaria Fruit on Germination and Seedlings Morphology of Weed and Vegetables Grisi, P.U., et al., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29(2): p. 311-322.
28.    A Trypsin Inhibitor from Sapindus saponaria L. Seeds: Purification, C., and Activity Towards Pest Insect Digestive Enzyme Macedo, Maria Ligia R., et al., Protein Journal, 2011. 30(1): p. 9-19.
29.    Study and development of three jaboncillo ( Sapindus saponaria L.) products as grounding in its industrialisation Flechas C, H.A., et al., Revista Colombia Forestal, 2009. 12: p. 171-182.
30.    INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE TRES PRODUCTOS DEL JABONCILLO (Sapindus saponaria L.) COMO BASE PARA SU INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN Flechas C, H.A., et al., Colombia Forestal, 2009. 12(1): p. 171-182.
31.    Effect of extracts from Sapindus saponaria on the glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Porras, M.F. and A. Lopez-Avila, Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, 2009. 35(1): p. 7-11.
32.    Silvicultural study of Sapindus saponaria L. (jaboncillo) as a basis for its exploitation by the forestry industry Sanchez Buitrago, J.A. and L.J. Silva Herrera, Revista Colombia Forestal, 2008. 11(21): p. 71-81.
33.    Hydroxylation of a hederagenin derived saponin by a Xylareaceous fungus found in fruits of Sapindus saponaria Murgu, M., et al., Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2008. 19(5): p. 831-835.
34.    ESTUDIO SILVICULTURAL DE LA ESPECIE Sapindus saponaria L. (JABONCILLO) COMO BASE PARA SU APROVECHAMIENTO SILVOINDUSTRIAL Sánchez Buitrago, J.A. and L.J. Silva Herrera, Colombia Forestal, 2008. 11(1): p. 71-81.
35.    Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm Santos, W.L.d., et al., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008. 51(2): p. 373-383.
36.    Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm dos Santos, W.L., et al., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008. 51(2): p. 373-383.
37.    Biological Activity and Isolated Compounds in Sapindus saponaria L. and other Plants of the Genus Sapindus Pelegrini, D.D., et al., Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2008. 27(6): p. 922-927.
38.    A saponin tolerant and glycoside producer xylariaceous fungus isolated from fruits of Sapindus saponaria Amaral, L.S., et al., World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2008. 24(8): p. 1341-1348.
39.    Sub-lethal effect of aqueous vegetals extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Sapindus saponaria L. against the biology of Ascia monuste orseis at kale Medeiros, C.A.M., A.L. Boica Junior, and M.R. Angelini, Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 2007. 33(1): p. 27-34.
40.    Larvicidal potencial of Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) against Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, A.I.F., F. F., et al., Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2007. 59(1): p. 145-149.
41.    Effect of the inclusion of Sapindus saponaria on the gas and methane production in the in vitro fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum cv Cuba CT-115 Gonzalez, R., D. Delgado, and J. Cairo, Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2007. 41(1): p. 37-39.
42.    Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L Tsuzuki, J.K., et al., Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 2007. 79(4): p. 577-583.
43.    Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L Tsuzuki, J.K., et al., Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2007. 79(4): p. 557-583.
44.    Study of the morphohistological modifications in larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, C.s.t.t.p.e.e.o.S.s.L.S.F.B., Cleyde, et al., Revista de Patologia Tropical, 2006. 35(1): p. 37-57.
45.    Dereplication of glycosides from Sapindus saponaria using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Murgu, M. and E. Rodrigues, Jr., Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2006. 17(7): p. 1281-1290.
46.    The effect of saponin extracts from Pithecellobium saman and Sapindus saponaria on in vitro ruminal cellulolytic bacterial growth Santos, A.L., H. Jimenez, and A. Cano, Revista Corpoica, 2005. 6(1): p. 20-25.
47.    Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus Fernandes, F.F., et al., Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2005. 40(12): p. 1243-1245.
48.    Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus Fernandes, F.d.F., et al., Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2005. 40(12): p. 1243-1245.
49.    Ruminal fermentation, m.a.n.u.o.s.r.t.g.h.-c.d.o.w.S.s.f.a.C.a.f.H., H. D., et al., Animal Science, 2004. 79: p. 177-189.
50.    Effects of Sapindus saponaria fruits on ruminal fermentation and duodenal nitrogen flow of sheep fed a tropical grass diet with and without legume Abreu, A., et al., Journal of Animal Science, 2004. 82(5): p. 1392-1400.
51.    Supplementation of a tropical grass diet with forage legumes and Sapindus saponaria fruits: effects on in vitro ruminal nitrogen turnover and methanogenesis Hess, H.D., et al., Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2003. 54(7): p. 703-713.
52.    Effect of whole fruit, p.a.s.e.o.S.s.o.r.f.a.m.i.v.u.R.A., A., et al., Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2003. 16(2): p. 147-154.
53.    Antiulcer activity of Sapindus saponaria L. in the rat Meyer Albiero, A.L., J.A. Aboin Sertie, and E.M. Bacchi, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002. 82(1): p. 41-44.
54.    Antiulcer activity of Sapindus saponaria L. in the rat Albiero, A.L.M., J.A.A. Sertie, and E.M. Bacchi, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002. 82(1): p. 41-44.
55.    Kinetics of in situ ruminal degradation of four tropical forage trees: Leucaena leucocephala, E.c., Sapindus saponaria and Gliricidia sepium Delgado, D. C., et al., Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2001. 35(2): p. 135-139.
56.    Cytotoxic-activity of Sapindus saponaria L. fruits on Ehrlich Ascitic Tumor cells Meyer Albiero, A.L., et al., Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense, 2001. 20(3): p. 169-171.
57.    Anatomical features of leaves, f.a.s.o.S.s.L.S.A., Adriana Lenita Meyer, E.M. Bacchi, and K.S.M. Mourao, Acta Scientiarum Universidade Estadual de Maringa, 2001. 23(2): p. 549-560.
58.    The effect of Sapindus saponaria on the protozoa genera and ruminal bacteria populations Galindo, J., et al., Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2000. 34(4): p. 337-342.
59.    Sapindus saponaria L-(Sapindaceae), a.n.h.o.E.a.L.L.T.O.W., G. L., International Journal of Pest Management, 1999. 45(4): p. 287-291.
60.    Sapindus saponaria L Salazar, R., Nota Tecnica sobre Manejo de Semillas Forestales - CATIE, 1999(94): p. 2 pp.-2 pp.
61.    Morphological characterization of fruits, s.a.s.o.S.s.L.S.P., A. A. S. and M.R.d.O. Santos, Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 1998. 20(2): p. 385-391.
62.    Morphoanatomy and lipidic composition of leaves of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) and Tipuana tipu (Benth.) O. Kunth (Leguminosae) Ponessa, G.I., et al., Lilloa, 1998. 39(2): p. 137-146.
63.    MOLLUSCICIDAL SAPONINS FROM THE PERICARP OF SAPINDUS-SAPONARIA Ribeiro, A., et al., International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1995. 33(3): p. 177-180.
64.    Saponin from Sapindus saponaria Lemos, T.L.G., et al., Fitoterapia, 1994. 65(6): p. 557-557.
65.    Reinvestigation of seed oil of Sapindus saponaria for its cyanolipid content Hasan, S.Q., Y.A. Roomi, and N. Chitra, Journal of the Oil Technologists' Association of India, 1994. 26(3): p. 77-79.
66.    New saponin from Sapindus saponaria Lemos, T.L.G., et al., Fitoterapia, 1992. 63(6): p. 515-517.
67.    LIPIDS AND FLAVONOIDS OF SAPINDUS-SAPONARIA Wahab, S.M.A. and M.A. Selim, Fitoterapia, 1985. 56(3): p. 167-168.
68.    English title not available Torrealba, J.F., et al., Gaceta Medica de Caracas, 1953. 61(10/12): p. 299-307.
69.    English title not available Barbosa, F.S., et al., Publicacoes Avulsas do Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, 1952. 1: p. 129-139.
70.    Chemical and bromatological study of the oil of Sapindus saponaria Fernandez, F.Y., An. Fac. Farm. Bioquim., Lima, 1952. 3: p. 122-124.
71.    Sapindus saponaria, S.t.B., M., Agric. Venezie, 1944. 8(95/96): p. 33-4.
72.    Saponins. III. The sapogenin occurring in Sapindus saponaria L. and sapindus mukorossi utilis (Trabuti) Jacobs, W.A., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1925. 64(2): p. 379-381.
73.    running, W.s.i.f.b.p.p.c.e.o.p.o.S.s.p.i. Mitsubishi Pencil Co.
74.    Preparing organic mixture for reducing water hyacinth or Eichhornia crassipes infestation, i.u.a.a., extract of Sapindus saponaria and calcium Figueroa, P. L. M. Figueroa P L M.
75.    Preparing organic mixture for inhibiting Aedes aegypti insect larvae in egg stage, l.o.p., involves forming Sapindus saponaria extract, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and liquid soap Figueroa, G. A. M. Figueroa G a M.
76.    Fungus infections treatment by sapindus saponaria active agents and extracts consists of fungus growth inhibition based on hydroalcoholic extracts and fractionation of these Piloto Ferreira, I.C., et al. Univ Fundacao Estadual Maringa; Piloto Ferreira I C; Inez Estivalet T; Tsuzuki J K; Garcia Cortez D A.
77.    Composition used for preparing medicament for producing spermicidal and trichomonacidal activity, a.l.f.f.r., comprises hydroalcoholic and butanolic extract of Sapindus saponaria Lopes Consolado, M. E., et al. Univ Estadual Maringa.
78.    Bacteriostatic for washing agent and skin cosmetics such as soap, o., milky lotion, lip cream, lipstick and shampoo, contains mixture of glycyrrhetic acid compound, quillaia saponaria extract and sapindus-mukoossi extract Nakahara, T. Maruzen Seiyaku Kk.
79.    Adhesion suppression method of microbe to hard surface e.g. plastics, b.a.e.c.s.e.f.Q.s., Gleditsia japonica, and Sapindus mukorossi, or saponin extracted from Cimicifuga rhizoma Harada, M., A. Kameyama, and K. Hashizume. Kao Corp.