Pavetta indica

 Pavetta indica L.
Family: Rubiaceae
Synonyms: Ixora indica (L.) Baill. , Ixora nunypapata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. , Ixora paniculata Lam. , Ixora pavetta Roxb.  , Ixora roxburghii Kuntze , Ixora velutina Wall.  , Pavetta alba Vahl , Pavetta brunonis Wight  , Pavetta cerniflora Zipp. ex Span. , Pavetta indica var. glabra Blatt. & Hallb. , Pavetta indica var. indica , Pavetta obtusa Pers. , Pavetta thomsonii Bremek.

Common name: Indian Pavetta, Indian Pellet Shrub
Assamese: Sam-suku
Bengali: Jui
Hindi: Kankara, Kathachampa
Indonesia: Angsoka
Kannada: Pavati
Malayalam: മല്ലികമുട്ടി Mallikamutti
Manipuri: Nongmangkha Ashinba
Marathi: Papat
Oriya: Paniphingi
Sanskrit: Kakachdi
Sinhala: පාවට්ටා
Tamil: Kattukkaranai, Karanai
Telugu: Papidi

Description:
Habit: Large shrub or small trees up to 4 m tall.
Trunk\bark: Bark grey, smooth and irreuarly scaly when mature; blaze greenish cream
Branchlets: Young branchlets angular, terete when mature, glabrous.
Leaves: Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; stipules broadly lanceolate, intrapetiolar, sheathing, caducous and leaving scar; petioles 0.6-1.5 cm long, planoconvex in cross section, glabrous; lamina 8.5-16.5 × 2.6-5 cm, variable in shape, elliptic or obovate or oblanceoalte, apex caudate-acumiante, base attenuate, margin entire, prominently glandular between secondary nerves, glabrous beneath; midrib raised above; secondary nerves 6-12 pairs; tertiary nerves broadly reticulate.
Flowers: Inflorescence corymbose cymes, terminal; flowers white; pedicel ca. 0.7 cm long.
Fruit& seed: Berry, with 2 pyrenes; seeds one per pyrene.

Antiasthmatic, expectorant, astringent, antidiarrhoeal [Medicinal Plants Kerala Ag Uni]

Used in Ayurveda and Siddha. Leaves for poulticing boils to remove pus; leaves decoction used externally for piles. Crushed root bark, with rice water and ginger, taken as a diuretic and for dropsy; root, root bark or stem bark used for intestinal obstructions. Root diuretic, purgative, tonic, used in intestinal obstructions, intestinal disorders, dysentery, jaundice, headache, toothache, urinary diseases and dropsy; roots decoction as a postpartum remedy. Veterinary medicine, stem bark paste applied to maggot-infected sores.

Root—bitter and aperient. Prescribed in visceral obstructions, renal dropsy and ascites. Leaves—used for fomenting piles and for haemorrhoidal pains. [Indian Medicinal Plants - Ayurveda]

13 Published articles of Pavetta indica
1.    Antimicrobial activity of Pavetta indica leaves Gupta, V.K., et al., Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2013. 3(4): p. 78-82.
2.    Clinical study on the effect of decoction of Pavetta indica Linn. in treatment of Purishaja Krimi with special reference to Enterobius vermicularis infestation Ediriweera, E.R.H.S.S., et al., Ayu, 2013. 34(3): p. 254-8.
3.    Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pavetta indica L. leaves Prasad, K., K. Moulekhi, and G. Bisht, Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 2011. 5(1): p. 66-69.
4.    Evaluation of nutritive, a.a.m.c.o.P.i.L.l.P., K. and G. Bisht, Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 2011. 5(1): p. 54-59.
5.    Phytochemical investigation of Pavetta indica Murthy, J.R., et al., International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2011. 9(1): p. 397-402.
6.    Phytochemical investigation of Pavetta indica Murthy, J.R., et al., International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2010. 8(3): p. 1517-1522.
7.    Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Pavetta indica Linn. leaf extract (Family : Rubiaceae) in rats Mandal, S.C., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2003. 17(7): p. 817-820.
8.    Constituents of Pavetta indica leaves Ganguly, S.N., Fitoterapia, 1994. 65(5): p. 477-477.
9.    Studies on the ecology of butterfly pollination in south India. Part 2. Pollination of Pavetta indica Linn. (Rubiaceae) Balasubramanian, M.V., Annals of Entomology (Dehra Dun), 1990. 8(2): p. 71-78.
10.    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF PAVETTA-INDICA AND OSBECKIA-OCTANDRA IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER DYSFUNCTION Thabrew, M.I., P.D.T.M. Joice, and W. Rajatissa, Planta Medica, 1987. 53(3): p. 239-241.
11.    A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF PAVETTA-INDICA AND OSBECKIA-OCTANDRA IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER DYSFUNCTION Thabrew, M.I., P. Joice, and W. Rajatissa, Planta Medica, 1987(3): p. 239-241.
12.    A new Hansfordiella H. indica sp. nov. from India pathogenic on Pavetta indica leaves Rao, P.R. and D.E.V. Rao, Current Sci [India], 1963. 32((11)): p. 518-519.
13.    Isolation of d-mannitol from Pavetta indica L Banerjee, A.K. and C. Ghosh, Sci and Culture, 1956. 22((2)): p. 114-114.dd