Malva sylvestris, Blue Mallow, Suvarchalaa, Groot kaasjeskruid, Gul-e-khubazi

Malva sylvestris L.
Family: Malvaceae

Synonyms: Althaea godronii Alef., Althaea mauritiana Alef., Malva ambigua Guss., Malva erecta C.Presl, Malva grossheimii Iljin, Malva mauritanica Spreng. , Malva mauritiana L., Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss., Malva sylvestris subsp. mauritiana (L.) Boiss., Malva sylvestris var. sylvestris, Malva sylvestris subsp. sylvestris

• English: Blue Mallow, common mallow, High Cheeseweed, high mallow, Marsh Mallow, Zebrina Mallow
• Arabic: خبازى (خُبازى)، خبيزه (خُبيزه), رقمه (رَقْمه)، رقميه (رَقميه) 
• Dutch: Groot kaasjeskruid
• Finnish: kiiltomalva, metsaemalva, Metsämalva
• French: Grande mauve, Mauve sauvage, Mauve sylvestre, Grande mauve
• German: Wilde Malve
• Hindi: Gurchanti, Socholi
• Italian: Malva, Malva selvatica, Japanese: zeni-aoi
• Kannada: Sanna Bindige Gida, Seeme Bende
• Marathi: Kubaajee
• Russian: mal'va lesnaja, prosvirnik lesnoj, Мальва лесная, мальва лесная, просвирник лесной
• Sanskrit: Suvarchalaa
• Swedish: rödmalva
• Urdu:  Gul-e-khubazi, Khubbazi, Tukhm-e-khubbazi, गुले ख़ैर Gul-e-khair

Description: Usually biennial, up to 1.25 m tall, pubescent to glabrescent herbs. Leaves 2-4 cm long, 2-5 cm broad, 3-lobed, truncate to broadly cordate at; stipule lanceolate, scarious, c. 5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; petiole 2-6 cm ,pilose. Flowers axillary (1-) 2-4 in fascicles; pedicel c. 2 cm long. Epicalyx segments ovate, 2-3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad. Calyx free to the middle, 3-6 mm long, glabrescent; lobes broadly triangular, 2-3 mm broad. Petals pink-purple cm long, c.1 cm broad, obovate, emarginate, claw ciliate. Staminal c. 3 mm long, stellate pubescent. Fruit glabrous, 5-6 mm across, mericarps 10-12, reticulate. Seeds brown, c. 2.5 mm long and broad.
All parts of the plant have medicinal uses. Common  Mallow is considered to have diuretic, laxative,  emollient, demulcent, spasmolytic, lenitive, choleretic, bronchodilatory, expectorant, antitussive,  antidiarrhoeal  and  anti-infl ammatory  properties  Roots,  shoots,  leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are applied in  infusions, decoctions, poultices, liniments, lotions,  salves,  tisane  baths     and  gargles.     Traditionally,  mallow  has  been  employed  to  treat  specified  disorders of several systems of the body, such as  the  digestive,  the  respiratory,  the  genitourinary,  the  muscular,  the  skeletal  systems,  and  renal  lithiasis, as well as skin disorders and injuries.  It is also highly recommended for acne and skin  care and as antiseptic, emollient and demulcent.  The plant is an excellent laxative for young children.  Roots are used for toothache, genital tract infections and dermatitis. Shoots are employed to treat  toothache, genital tract infections, haemorrhoids  and  constipation.  Leafy  flowered  stems  are  employed  for  cold,  cough,  throat  pain,  tonsils  and bladder problems. Seeds/mericarps are used  to treat inflamed or injured skin and as a demulcent, emollient and diuretic. Young leaves are use  for burns, skin injuries, diarrhoea, pectoral and  rheumatism. The demulcent properties of leaves  and flowers make them valuable as a poultice for  bruise, inflammations, insect bites, etc., or they  can be taken internally in the treatment of respiratory  system  diseases  and  problems  with  the  digestive  tract.  Flowers  are  used  for  acne,  skin  problems, eyes, throat pain and cough. In tisanes,  the flowers and leaves are used to help heal internal  wounds, lesions of the mucous membranes and  stomach ulcers. The flowers and immature fruits are efficacious to cure whooping cough and are  official in French and Swiss pharmacopoeias (CSIR   1962 ). The German Commission E Monographs,  a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approved   Malva sylvestris  for cough, bronchitis and inflammation of the mouth and pharynx .  The  edible   Malva  sylvestris   is  used  as  folkloric medicine for cough and bladder ulcer  in  Samahni  Valley  (Azad  Kashmir),  Pakistan [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-8]

Effects and reported uses: The entire plant, including the flowers, has beneficial value. The dried plant is allowed to dry and then ground into powder form. If desired, the whole dried plant may be crumpled and placed into a container instead of the powder, but when this is done it is more diflBcult to measure the correct amount of herb in relation to the water. This herb has both internal and external uses reported. A pint of boiling water is poured over about onehalf ounce of the herb and then allowed to stand for a few minutes until the water has cooled to drinking temperature. Drinking this infusion has been found to be a popular cure for coughs, colds and similar ailments. A teaspoonful of the powder may be taken as a dose two or three times a day in lieu of preparation of the drink, or the powder may be obtained in tablet form or placed into gelatin capsules and the capsule then dissolves in the stomach. The herb itself, preferably in powder form, may be applied directly to various body parts and the effect is to soothe the part or soften the skin to which the herb is applied. It is a sticky or mucilaginous substance, and it has no odor. [Encyclopedia of medicinal herbs, with the herb-o-matic locator index]

Renal lithiasis, insect bites, digestive disorders, mouth pain. [Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]

Used in Cough, bladder ulcer [Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine Traditional System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues]

Mucilaginous, emollient, laxative, antitussive, pectoral, antibacterial. Infusion is used for coughs and colds, irritation of the bronchi. Phagocyte stimulant. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Revitalizes kidney. Diuretic, anti-diarrhoeal and heals wounds.[Medicinal Plants of Bhutan]

119 Published articles of Malva sylvestris L.
1.    Optimization of Extraction of Toxic Metals from Medicinal Plants, M.s.L., and Pistacia lentiscus Terfi, Souhila and F. Sadi, Analytical Letters, 2015. 48(7): p. 1190-1197.
2.    Effect of Malva sylvestris cream on burn injury and wounds in rats Nasiri, E., et al., Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine (AJP), 2015. 5(4): p. 341-354.
3.    Effect of Malva sylvestris on performance, g.a.m.o.s.i.i.b.c.K., B., A.H. Kordestany, and H. Ansari, Biological Forum, 2015. 7(1): p. 1006-1016.
4.    Comparison of anti-oxidant activities and exhaustive extraction yields between wild and cultivated Cyclamen persicum, M.s.a.U.p.l.J., N. A., M. Abualhasan, and I. Ali, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2015. 5(4): p. 101-106.
5.    Effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract on blood cell parameters in mice with Candida albicans infection Hajyani, S., M. Modaresi, and M. Madani, Der Pharma Chemica, 2015. 7(5): p. 302-305.
6.    Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial Elsagh, M., et al., Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2015. 21(2): p. 105-111.
7.    Evaluation of cutaneous wound healing activity of Malva sylvestris aqueous extract in BALB/c mice Afshar, M., et al., Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2015. 18(6): p. 616-622.
8.    First Report of Anthracnose of Malva sylvestris Caused by Colletotrichum trifolii in China Zhou, R.J., et al., Plant Disease, 2014. 98(11): p. 1587-1587.
9.    Carbon Nanotube as a Specific Career in Drug Delivery for Antioxidant Molecule in Malva Sylvestris L. Plant Sharifi, S., et al., Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2014. 11(4): p. 1178-1183.
10.    Hepatoprotective effects of Malva sylvestris L. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity Liaqat, H., et al., Turkish Journal of Biology, 2014. 38(3): p. 396-402.
11.    Studies on floral biology of Malva sylvestris L Kumar, G., et al., Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2014. 71(2): p. 295-297.
12.    Effects of an Orabase Formulation with Ethanolic Extract of Malva sylvestris L. in Oral Wound Healing in Rats Kovalik, A.C., et al., Journal of Medicinal Food, 2014. 17(5): p. 618-624.
13.    Hepatoprotective effects of Malva sylvestris L. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity Hussain, L., et al., Turkish Journal of Biology, 2014. 38(3): p. 396-402.
14.    Effect of different BAP and NAA concentration on microprapagation of Malva ( Malva sylvestris L.) Filter, M., E.M.d. Freitas, and E. Perico, Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 2014. 16(1): p. 47-53.
15.    quantification Ferreira Martins, Cleverson Antonio, M.s.L.e.s.d.-i.P.a.P.r.i.d.U.c.t.d.a.v.o.a.L.-M.M.m.f.p., et al., Biomedical Chromatography, 2014. 28(7): p. 986-993.
16.    Antioxidant activity, p.a.f.c.i.l., flowers, stems and seeds of mallow ( Malva sylvestris L.) from North Western of Algeria Beghdad, M. C., et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2014. 13(3): p. 486-491.
17.    Fulminant liver failure and renal failure related with malva sylvestris Aktas, B., et al., Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014. 25(4): p. 437-437.
18.    Characterization of Aroma-active Compounds in Dry Flower of Malva sylvestris L. by GC-MS-O Analysis and OAV Calculations Usami, A., et al., Journal of Oleo Science, 2013. 62(8): p. 563-570.
19.    Component composition of organic acids in leaves of Malva sylvestris Terninko, I.I. and U.E. Onishchenko, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2013. 49(2): p. 332-333.
20.    Polysaccharide extraction from Malva sylvestris and its anti-oxidant activity Samavati, V. and A. Manoochehrizade, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2013. 60: p. 427-436.
21.    Comparison of leaf morphology and anatomy among Malva sylvestris ("geranio-aromatico"), P.g.f.-m.a.P.o.g.-d.-c.R., I. and M.B.G. Martins, Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 2013. 15(1): p. 91-97.
22.    Pre-clinical anti-inflammatory aspects of a cuisine and medicinal millennial herb: Malva sylvestris L Prudente, A.S., et al., Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013. 58: p. 324-331.
23.    Comparative evaluation of the effect of Malva sylvestris and bromhexine on mucociliary system of trachea in chicken Noori Moogahi, S.M.H., M. Kameli, and M. Khanehzad, Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2013. 12(46): p. Pe150-En14.
24.    Allelopathic potential of Common Mallow ( Malva sylvestris) on the germination and the initial growth of Blanket Flower, P.c.a.S.W.J., M., et al., International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS), 2013. 5(15): p. 1638-1641.
25.    A correlation between Malva sylvestris extracts molecules and their corrosion inhibition capabilities Challouf, H., et al., Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 2013. 49(4): p. 320-5.
26.    Catalytic properties and immobilization studies of catalase from Malva sylvestris L Arabaci, G. and A. Usluoglu, Journal of Chemistry, 2013. 2013: p. 686185-Article ID 686185.
27.    Efficacy of chloroform, e.a.w.e.o.m.p., Malva sylvestris and Malva neglecta on some bacterial and fungal contaminants of wound infections Zare, P., et al., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012. 6(29): p. 4550-4552.
28.    Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Malva sylvestris L Tabaraki, R., Z. Yosefi, and H.A.A. Gharneh, Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 2012. 8(1): p. 59-68.
29.    Evaluation of antiradical activity of Malva sylvestris extract and its application in oil system Nejad, M.T., et al., Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2012. 11(42): p. Pe86-En7.
30.    Malva sylvestris, n.h.o.P.h.i.B.M., Maruzanete P., et al., Tropical Plant Pathology, 2012. 37(1): p. 80-82.
31.    Enhanced vigor in growth and accumulation of anthocyanins with abscisic acid treatment in Malva sylvestris L Jayalakshmi, N.R., et al., World Applied Sciences Journal, 2012. 20(1): p. 15-22.
32.    Establishment of enhanced anthocyanin production in Malva sylvestris L. with different induced stress Jayalakshmi, N.R., et al., International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012. 3(4): p. P-17-P-27.
33.    Morphological variations with enhanced accumulation of anthocyanins in Malva sylvestris L. with accumulation of silver nitrate treatment Jayalakshmi, N.R., et al., Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012. 7(1): p. 23-31.
34.    Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine Gasparetto, J.C., et al., Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012. 64(2): p. 172-189.
35.    Allelopathic potential of Common Mallow ( Malva sylvestris) on the germination and the initial growth of tomato, c.a.c.Z., S. M. and N.A. Ansari, Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011. 3(3): p. 235-241.
36.    Bioactivity of Malva Sylvestris L., a.M.P.f.I.R., Seyed Mehdi, et al., Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011. 14(6): p. 574-579.
37.    Wound healing activity of extracts of Malva sylvestris and Stachys lavandulifolia Pirbalouti, A.G. and A. Koohpyeh, International Journal of Biology, 2011. 3(1): p. 174-179.
38.    NEW STEROIDAL LACTONES AND HOMOMONOTERPENIC GLUCOSIDE FROM FRUITS OF MALVA SYLVESTRIS L Mustafa, A. and M. Ali, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 2011. 68(3): p. 393-401.
39.    Ultrastructural changes in Malva sylvestris leaves in response to aqueous sulfur dioxide Minu, B., et al., Journal of Phytology, 2011. 3(6): p. 28-30.
40.    The protective effect of Malva sylvestris on rat kidney damaged by vanadium Marouane, W., et al., Lipids in Health and Disease, 2011. 10.
41.    The protective effect of Malva sylvestris on rat kidney damaged by vanadium Marouane, W., et al., Lipids in Health and Disease, 2011. 10(65): p. (23 April 2011)-(23 April 2011).
42.    Effect of UV-B radiation on growth and anthocyanin production in Malva sylvestris L Jayalakshmi, N.R., et al., International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2011. 3(2): p. 97-102.
43.    DNA sugar damage induced by different oxidants and effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris Ganie, S.A., et al., Advances in Plant Sciences, 2011. 24(2): p. 417-419.
44.    Evaluation of Malva sylvestris and Pedalium murex mucilage as suspending agent Yeole, N.B., et al., International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010. 2(1): p. 385-389.
45.    WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF MALVA SYLVESTRIS AND PUNICA GRANATUM IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS Pirbalouti, A.G., et al., Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 2010. 67(5): p. 511-516.
46.    Impact of Brick Kiln Emissions on Biochemical Parameters of Malva sylvestris Lin Ganal, B.A., et al., Advances in Plant Sciences, 2010. 23(2): p. 545-546.
47.    Leaves, f., immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: A comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition Barros, Lillian, A.M. Carvalho, and I.C.F.R. Ferreira, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010. 48(6): p. 1466-1472.
48.    Malva Sylvestris in the treatment of hand eczema Barikbin, B., et al., Iranian Journal of Dermatology, 2010. 13(4): p. 131-134.
49.    EFFICACY OF CHLOROFORM, E.A.W.E.O.M.P., MALVA SYLVESTRIS AND MALVA NEGLECTA ON SOME BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL CONTAMINANTS OF WOUND INFECTIONS Zare, Payman, A. Sioofi, and S. Kolahian, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009. 38(1): p. 154-155.
50.    Malva sylvestris water extract: A potential anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic remedy Sleiman, N.H. and C.F. Daher, Planta Medica, 2009. 75(9): p. 1010-1010.
51.    Effect of aqueous sulphur dioxide on the biochemical and antioxidant properties of Malva sylvestris Minu, B., A. Shajrul, and M. Akbar, Asian Journal of Environmental Science, 2009. 3(2): p. 139-145.
52.    Determination of Major and Minor Elements in the Malva sylvestris L. from Turkey Using ICP-OES Techniques Hicsonmez, U., et al., Biological Trace Element Research, 2009. 128(3): p. 248-257.
53.    Antinociceptive Activity of Malva sylvestris L Esteves, P.F., et al., Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2009. 28(3): p. 454-456.
54.    Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Properties of Malva sylvestris DellaGreca, M., et al., Natural Product Communications, 2009. 4(7): p. 893-896.
55.    Topical Antiinflammatory Activity of Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) on Carragenin-induced Edema in Rats Chiclana, C.F., A. Enrique, and A.E. Consolini, Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2009. 28(2): p. 275-278.
56.    The Effects of Alcea rosea L., M.s.L.a.S.l.L.W.E.o.t.P.o.A.-e.A.A., Interleukin-4, gamma Interferon and Interleukin-12 in BALB/c Mice El Ghaoui, Walid Bou Jaber, et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2008. 22(12): p. 1599-1604.
57.    Malvone A, a.p.f.i.M.s.f.M.V., Olga, et al., Phytochemistry, 2006. 67(21): p. 2376-2379.
58.    Genetic profiling of bacterial communities from the rhizospheres of ozone damaged Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) Dohrmann, A.B. and C.C. Tebbe, European Journal of Soil Biology, 2006. 42(4): p. 191-199.
59.    Bacteriostasic activity of anthocyanin of Malva sylvestris Cheng, C.-l. and Z.-y. Wang, Journal of Forestry Research (Harbin), 2006. 17(1): p. 83-85.
60.    Impact of anthocyanin from Malva sylvestris on plasma lipids and freeradical Wang, Z.-y., Journal of Forestry Research (Harbin), 2005. 16(3): p. 228-232.
61.    Extraction of anthocyanin from Malva sylvestris by microbial degradation and its molecular modification Wang, Z., Science & Technology of Food Industry, 2005. 26(6): p. 62-65.
62.    Plant pigments (antioxidants) of medicinal plants Malva silvestris L. and Malva moschata L. (Malvaceae) Redzic, S., N. Hodzic, and M. Tuka, Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences / Udruzenje basicnih mediciniskih znanosti = Association of Basic Medical Sciences, 2005. 5(2): p. 53-8.
63.    Analysis of content of anthocyanidin Malva sylvestris L.var. mauritiana Miller in different climate condition Wang, Z. and Q. Yang, Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2004. 24(4): p. 507-508.
64.    Studies on technology of ultrasonic extraction of Malva sylvestris L. var. mauritiana pigment Wang, Z. and X. Zhao, Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2003. 23(2): p. 65-67.
65.    Herbicidal properties of some medicinal plants against Malva sylvestris and Portulaca oleracea Qasem, J.R. and A.A. Hassan, Dirasat Agricultural Sciences, 2003. 30(1): p. 84-100.
66.    The effect of light intensity and relative exposure under light on the expression of direct or indirect somatic embryogenesis from common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) Konstas, J., et al., in Proceedings of the International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Pt Ii:, E. Szoke, et al., Editors. 2003. p. 315-319.
67.    An arabinogalactan-protein from cell culture of Malva sylvestris Classen, B. and W. Blaschek, Planta Medica, 2002. 68(3): p. 232-236.
68.    Comparative effectiveness of Malva sylvestris (M.S) and bromhexine hcl (B.H) on intraepithelial mucous glands (IMG) of trachae in chicken Noori, M.H., B. Behnam, and B. Minaee, Virchows Archiv, 2001. 439(3): p. 316-317.
69.    Ultrastructural observations on the rust fungus Puccinia malvacearum in Malva sylvestris ssp mauritiana Classen, B., F. Amelunxen, and W. Blaschek, Plant Biology, 2001. 3(4): p. 437-442.
70.    Comparative effectiveness of Malva sylvestris (M.S) and bromhexine HCl (B.H) on intraepithelial mucous glands (IMG) of chicken upper respiratory system Noori, M.H., B. Behnam, and B. Minaee, Pathology International, 2000. 50(Supplement): p. A195-A195.
71.    Comparative study of malva sylvestris (M.S.) and bromhexine HCl (B.H) consumption on intraepithelial mucous glands (IMG) of chicken Noori, M.H. and B. Behnam, Toxicology Letters (Shannon), 2000. 116(Suppl. 1): p. 47-48.
72.    Concentric bodies in a parasitic fungus of Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) pollen Classen, B., F. Amelunxen, and W. Blaschek, Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 2000. 148(5): p. 313-317.
73.    Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro secondary metabolite production from common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) collected in Greece Kintzios, S.E., et al., in Symposium on Plant Biotechnology as a Tool for the Exploitation of Mountain Lands, S. Scannerini, et al., Editors. 1998. p. 173-179.
74.    High molecular weight acidic polysaccharides from Malva sylvestris and Alcea rosea Classen, B. and W. Blaschek, Planta Medica, 1998. 64(7): p. 640-644.
75.    Isolation, p.a.p.c.o.s.o.f.M.s.G., B. A., A. Masood, and M.A. Baig, Phytochemistry, 1997. 45(5): p. 879-880.
76.    Presence of scopoletin in Malva sylvestris Tosi, B., et al., International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1995. 33(4): p. 353-355.
77.    Natural occurrence of cucumber mosaic Cucumovirus on Malva sylvestris plants in Hungary Horvath, J., P. Salamon, and D.E. Lesemann, Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 1995. 30(3-4): p. 145-151.
78.    CERTAIN COMPONENTS OF OIL OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS SEEDS Emets, T.I., et al., Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1994(3): p. 322-325.
79.    Some components of the seed oil of Malva sylvestris Emets, T.I., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 1994. 30(3): p. 292-294.
80.    8-HYDROXYFLAVONOID GLUCURONIDES FROM MALVA-SYLVESTRIS Billeter, M., B. Meier, and O. Sticher, Phytochemistry, 1991. 30(3): p. 987-990.
81.    IDENTIFICATION AND ASSAY OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS IN MALVA-SYLVESTRIS L Pourrat, H., O. Texier, and C. Barthomeuf, Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 1990. 65(3): p. 93-96.
82.    STRUCTURE AND ANTICOMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITY OF AN ACIDIC POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE LEAVES OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS VAR MAURITIANA Gonda, R., et al., Carbohydrate Research, 1990. 198(2): p. 323-329.
83.    PLANT MUCILAGES .42. AN ANTI-COMPLEMENTARY MUCILAGE FROM THE LEAVES OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS VAR MAURITIANA Tomoda, M., et al., Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1989. 37(11): p. 3029-3032.
84.    MALONATED ANTHOCYANINS IN MALVACEAE - MALONYLMALVIN FROM MALVA-SYLVESTRIS Takeda, K., et al., Phytochemistry, 1989. 28(2): p. 499-500.
85.    ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS MALVACEAE POLLEN WALLS Surova, T.D. and A. Velieva Kh, Botanicheskii Zhurnal (St. Petersburg), 1984. 69(4): p. 503-506.
86.    HBR-REACTIVE ACIDS OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS SEED OIL Mukarram, M., I. Ahmad, and M. Ahmad, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 1984. 61(6): p. 1060-1060.
87.    PHENOLOGY AND GROWTH OF PLANTS OF THE FAMILY MALVACEAE IN THE LITHUANIAN-SSR USSR 5. HIGH MALLOW MALVA-SYLVESTRIS MICRO PHENOLOGY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Pyasyatskene, A.A., Lietuvos TSR Mokslu Akademijos Darbai Serija C Biologijos Mokslai, 1981(3): p. 53-64.
88.    A GOSSYPETIN GLUCURONIDE SULFATE FROM THE LEAVES OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS Nawwar, M.A.M. and J. Buddrus, Phytochemistry, 1981. 20(10): p. 2446-2448.
89.    2 NEW SULFATED FLAVONOL GLUCOSIDES FROM LEAVES OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS Nawwar, M.A.M., et al., Phytochemistry, 1977. 16(1): p. 145-146.
90.    ANATOMIC STUDY ON MALVA-SYLVESTRIS-SSP-MAURITIANA INFECTED WITH RUST PUCCINIA-MALVACEARUM Felklova, M. and K. Horakova, Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae, 1974. 25: p. 115-152.
91.    ROOT APEX OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS .3. LATERAL ROOT DEVELOPMENT AND QUIESCENT CENTER Byrne, J.M., American Journal of Botany, 1973. 60(7): p. 657-662.
92.    THE ROOT APEX OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS-D PART 2 THE QUIESCENT CENTER Byrne, J.M. and C. Heimsch, American Journal of Botany, 1970. 57(10): p. 1179-1184.
93.    THE ROOT APEX OF MALVA-SYLVESTRIS-D PART 1 STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT Byrne, J.M. and C. Heimsch, American Journal of Botany, 1970. 57(10): p. 1170-1178.
94.    SPREAD OF SOME PLANTS FROM NURSERIES INTO THE NEIGHBORHOOD ONOPORDUM-ACANTHIUM-D MALVA-SYLVESTRIS-D AETHUSA-CYNAPIUM-D GALINSOGA-PARVIFLORA-D Machovec, J., Ziva, 1967. 15(6): p. 214-214.
95.    Malva X inodora Ponert sp. hybr. nov.= Malva moschata X Malvas sylvestris subsp. sylvestris Ponert, J., Feddes Repert Z Botan Taxon Geobot, 1966. 73((2)): p. 90-93.
96.    EMBRYOLOGIE DES MALVACEES . POLYEMBRYONIE CHEZ LE MALVA SILVESTRIS L ET LE MALVA MOSCHATA L Mortier, J., Bulletin De La Societe Botanique De France, 1966. 113(5-6): p. 229-&.
97.    Contribution to the study of the Puccinia malvacearum Mont. disease or Malva sylvestris L. ssp. Mauietanica Thell. Preliminary report Felklova, M. and A. Rezacova, Ceskoslovenska farmacie, 1965. 14(8): p. 409-13.
98.    Significance of Malva sylvestris in the infestation of cotton by Gelechia malvella Referat. Zhur., B., 1963, No. 5E262. (Translation) Agaeva, Z. M., Zashchita Rast Ot Vreditelei I Boleznei, 1962. 9: p. 53-53.
99.    No English Title Available Lancaster, S.P., Jour Roy Hort Soc, 1949. 74: p. 262-262.
100.    Chemical and pharmacological studies of Malva sylvestris L. 2. Action on the chemical composition of the blood and on its cicatrising power Callegari, L. and G. Montolivo, Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper., 1938. 13: p. 202-203.
101.    Chemical and pharmacological studies of Malva sylvestris L. 1. Chemical composition and vitamin content Callegari, L. and G. Montolivo, Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper., 1938. 13: p. 201-202.
102.    The melotic divisions in the pollen mother cells of Malva sylvestris Latter, J., Annals of Botany, 1932. 46(181): p. 1-U9.
103.    Kinesin inhibitor useful in pharmaceutical, f., external preparation e.g. quasi drugs, and cosmetics e.g. mascara, comprises growth hormone or plant extract e.g. Malva sylvestris variety mauritiana extract or peppermint extract Tanaka, K. Ichimaru Pharcos Inc.
104.    Ingestible composition for treating e.g. sagging, l.a.l.t.a.t.a.s.t.s.a.s., mucosal tissues comprises an aqueous Cotinus coggygria extract and Malva sylvestris extract Stone, V. I. and R. Zhao. Stone V I; Zhao R.
105.    Ingestible composition for enhancing elasticity or structural integrity of skin or urogenital tissue of mammal, e.g.h., comprises cotinus coggygria extract, and malva sylvestris extract Seiberg, M., et al. Seiberg M; Stone V I; Zhao R; Bruning E; Johnson & Johnson Consumer Co Inc; Johnson&Johnson Consumer Co Inc; Johnson&Johnson Consumer Prod.
106.    Enhancing production of mucus of mucosal tissue, f.e.g.p.a., comprises administering to mucosal tissue, a composition comprising a safe and effective amount of Malva sylvestris extract Seiberg, M., V.I. Stone, and R. Zhao. Seiberg M; Stone V I; Zhao R; Johnson & Johnson Consumer Co Inc; Johnson&Johnson Consumer Co Inc.
107.    Hair composition useful for e.g. improving growth of grey hair, a.p.m.p.f.m., and useful in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, comprises Poria or Malva sylvestris, and cocoa butter or caffeine Sato, Y. Rohto Seiyaku Kk.
108.    Extraction of active principle from Malva sylvestris, u.i.c.t.t.s.t.c.a.P., J. J. Silab Soc Ind Limousine Appl Biologique.
109.    Skin whitening cosmetic composition for preventing skin pigmentation by comprising coenzyme q10, b.-c., tocopherol, extract of malva sylvestris and extract of primula veris Kim, J. E., et al. Amorepacific Corp.
110.    Cosmetic composition for anti-oxidation or skin irritation alleviation comprising an extract of a mixture consisting of gentiana lutea, m.s., origanum vulgare, and crataegus oxyacantha Kim, H. Y., et al. Arterre Cosmetics Co Ltd.
111.    Laminin-5 production inhibitor useful for normalizing skin basement membrane, c.e.o.t., Malva sylvestris, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Perilla, loquat and/or reishi mushroom Iwahashi, H. Maruzen Seiyaku Kk.
112.    Agent useful for inhibition of Maillard reaction, a.i.a.i.a., comprises at least of Malva sylvestris extract, snow grass extract, hydrolyzate of royal jelly protein, and Morinda citrifolia fruit juice Iwahashi, H. Maruzen Seiyaku Kk.
113.    Composition useful as pharmaceutical or cosmetic e.g. cream for preventing and/or treating dermatitis and allergy, c.e.o.C.l., Gentiana lutea, Malva sylvestris and Crataegus oxyacantha Hyeok Im, J., et al. Woong Jin Coway Co Ltd; Woongjincoway Co Ltd.
114.    Cosmetic composition useful for treating skin inflammatory lesions and preventing skin aging and dry skin, c.e.o.C.o., Cymbidium orchids, Malva sylvestris, Gentiana lutea and Origanum vulgare Hyeok Im, J., et al. Woong Jin Coway Co Ltd; Woongjincoway Co Ltd.
115.    Traditional Chinese medicine used for treating chronic prostatitis, i.h.s., Nepeta, Dipterocarpus, Youngia stenoma, Malva sylvestris, jujube root, Potentilla, Duranta erecta, Saxifragaceae and Premna szemaoensis Chen, Y. Chen Y.
116.    Use of a cosmetic composition in a large extract of mallow (Malva sylvestris) as a moisturizer for restoring, m.o.e.t.s.o.s.h.C., J. H., et al. Lvmh Rech Grp Interet Economique.
117.    Composition useful in cosmetics for skin whitening, c.M.s.e.B., K. J., W.A. Gi, and Y.P. Se. The Faceshop Co Ltd.
118.    Pro-filaggrin and filaggrin production promoter useful in cosmetics e.g. adhesive patch for preventing and/or treating skin aging and atopic dermatitis, c.e.o.M.s.f.A. and T. Nakahara. Maruzen Seiyaku Kk.
119.    Use of plant extracts from e.g. Malva sylvestris|for inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase and androgen receptor binding to treat and prevent excess sebum secretion caused by prostatic hypertrophy tumours, e. Lion Corp.