Euphorbia heterophylla, Liekkityräkki, ลูกเขยตายแม่ยายทำศพ

Euphorbia heterophylla L.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonyms: Agaloma angustifolia Raf., Cyathophora ciliata Raf., Cyathophora heterophyla (L.) Raf., Cyathophora picta Raf., Euphorbia calyciflora Sessé & Moc., Euphorbia elliptica Lam., Euphorbia epilobiifolia W.T.Wang, Euphorbia frangulaefolia Kunth, Euphorbia frangulifolia Kunth, Euphorbia geniculata Ortega, Euphorbia havanensis Willd. ex Boiss., Euphorbia heterophylla var. brasiliensis Müll.Arg., Euphorbia heterophylla var. elliptica (Lam.) Kuntze, Euphorbia heterophylla var. eriocarpa Millsp., Euphorbia heterophylla var. geniculata (Ortega) M.Gómez, Euphorbia heterophylla var. heterophylla, Euphorbia heterophylla f. hirticaulis Kuntze, Euphorbia heterophylla var. linifolia Kuntze, Euphorbia linifolia Vahl, Euphorbia lockhartii Steud., Euphorbia morisoniana Klotzsch, Euphorbia pandurata Huber, Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq., Euphorbia prunifolia var. angustifolia Müll.Arg., Euphorbia prunifolia var. repanda Müll.Arg., Euphorbia prunifolia f. silvatica Chodat & Hassl., Euphorbia taiwaniana S.S.Ying, Euphorbia trachyphylla A.Rich., Poinsettia frangulifolia (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke, Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke, Poinsettia geniculata var. heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Poinsettia havanensis Small, Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Poinsettia morisoniana (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke, Poinsettia prunifolia (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Poinsettia ruiziana Klotzsch & Garcke, Tithymalus heterophyllus (L.) Haw., Tithymalus prunifolius (Jacq.) Haw.,

• English: Lesser Green Poinsettia, Mexican fire plant, painted euphorbia
• Arabic: شربه (شَربه)، كجنجاريه (كُجِنْجاريه), لبن الحمار (لَبَن الحُمار), لبين (لِبين)، لبينه (لِبيْنه)
• Chinese: 台湾大戟, 柳叶大戟, 白苞猩猩草
• Finnish: Liekkityräkki
• French: Euphorbe de Terracine, Euphorbe hétérophylle, Euphorbe à cyathe, Euphorbe à feuilles de lin, Euphorbe épineuse
• Spanish: corazón de María, Euphorbia heterophylla, hierba lechosa
• Telugu: బేదిఆకు Bediaaku, సార్ని కూర saarnikoora
• Thai: ลูกเขยตายแม่ยายทำศพ

Description: Herbs, annual, erect to 1 m tall, often tinged red. Stem glabrous to sparsely pilose at apex, hollow. Leaves alternate; stipules purplish glands, fairly conspicuous; petiole to 2(-4) cm; leaf blade ovate, to 12 × 6 cm, abaxially pilose especially on midrib and veins, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous to sparsely pilose near margin, base cuneate, margin with minute distant gland-tipped teeth, apex obtuse. Cymes terminal and axillary, each forking ca. 5 times, cyathia densely clustered; basal bracts similar to leaves but paler green, progressively smaller. Cyathia ca. 3.5 × 2.5 mm; involucre barrel-shaped, glabrous; gland ca. 1 mm, funnel-shaped, opening circular, ca. 1.2 mm across, often red-rimmed; lobes ca. 1.3 mm, subcircular, deeply toothed with minutely ciliate margins. Male flowers: bracteoles few, ligulate, feathery; stamens ca. 4 mm. Female flower: ovary pedicellate, glabrous or occasionally minutely puberulent, perianth forming an obvious rim; styles ca. 1 mm, occasionally minutely puberulent, bifid to halfway. Fruiting pedicel reflexed to 6 mm; capsule exserted, ca. 4.5 × 5.5 mm, deeply 3-lobed. Seeds conical, ca. 2.6 × 2.4 mm, apex acute, bluntly warty, blackish brown.  

Reported to be poisonous; dry plants toxic to rabbits; juice will produce active dermatitis. Leaves lactogenic; leaf paste used  as  laxative;  leaf  juice  of  Euphorbia  geniculata  given orally for diarrhea and dysentery. Leaves and latex applied against  skin  diseases  and  syphilis;  milky  juice  applied  to treat wounds, pimples, vitiligo, skin diseases. Bark and root decoction  taken  for  ague.  Veterinary  medicine,  feeding  of this plant increases the production of milk in cattle. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Dried entire plant, infusion: hemostatic, purgative, Root: emetic , Leaf: to induce lactation, Flowers + leaf:  pectoral, antimicrobial;  infusion: purgative. [Medicinal Flora of Argentine]

Stem and Leaf: In a decoction for stomachache. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

Regulates menses, stops bleeding, antiinflammation. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

191  Published articles of Euphorbia heterophylla
1.    Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Caseinolytic Serine Protease from the Latex of Euphorbia heterophylla L Singh, S.J., et al., Protein and Peptide Letters, 2015. 22(9): p. 828-835.
2.    In vivo effect of cassava flakes mixed with Euphorbia heterophylla against Salmonella typhi Omoya, F.O., A.O. Momoh, and O.A. Olaifa, European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2015. 7(1): p. 38-45.
3.    Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla on kidney, l.a.p.f.a.p.e.i.r.O., N. P., et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation (JPSI), 2015. 4(2): p. 116-119.
4.    Grain Yield of Beans and Weed Economic Threshold in Two Periods of Competition with Euphorbia heterophylla Machado, A.B., et al., Planta Daninha, 2015. 33(1): p. 41-48.
5.    Wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla): an emerging weed in cotton and processing tomato in Greece Chachalis, D., Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 2015. 8(1): p. 27-32.
6.    Seed germination characters of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn Su, Y. and Z. Yang, Plant Protection, 2014. 40(1): p. 101-105.
7.    Effect of aqueous extract of Euphorbia heterophylla on blood glucose levels of alloxan induced diabetic rats Annapurna, A. and K. Hatware, International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2014. 4(3): p. 669-672.
8.    In vitro killing rate of Euphorbia heterophylla and Pterocarpus lucens extracts minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on some clinical bacterial isolates Adegoke, S.A., L.O. Ogundipe, and D.A. Agada, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2014. 8(11): p. 461-467.
9.    ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN Euphorbia heterophylla RESISTANT TO ALS- AND PROTOX- INHIBITING HERBICIDES Xavier, E., et al., Planta Daninha, 2013. 31(4): p. 867-874.
10.    Water stress on the performace of herbicides and biochemical characteristics of Euphorbia heterophylla Vitorino, H.d.S., et al., Semina-Ciencias Agrarias, 2013. 34(1): p. 19-28.
11.    Water stress on the performace of herbicides and biochemical characteristics of Euphorbia heterophylla Vitorino, H.d.S., et al., Semina: Ciencias Agrarias (Londrina), 2013. 34(1): p. 19-28.
12.    PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF METABOLITES FROM Alternaria euphorbiicola AGAINST ITS HOST PLANT Euphorbia heterophylla Vieira Varejao, E.V., et al., Quimica Nova, 2013. 36(7): p. 1004-1007.
13.    Management Practices x Euphorbia heterophylla Resistance to ALS-Inhibitors and Tolerance to Glyphosate in Rio Grande do Sul Vargas, L., et al., Planta Daninha, 2013. 31(2): p. 427-432.
14.    Phytotoxicity of Alternaria euphorbiicola Culture Filtrates in Euphorbia heterophylla Leaves Varejao, E.V.V., et al., Planta Daninha, 2013. 31(1): p. 1-9.
15.    Effect on some haematological indices of human whole blood when aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla was used as storage anticoagulant Ughachukwu, P.O., et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2013. 12(31): p. 4952-4955.
16.    Effect of spray tips and millet straw in the deposition mixture sprayed on plants of Euphorbia heterophylla and Brachiaria plantaginea Tokura, L.K., et al., Acta Iguazu, 2013. 2(Suplemento): p. 35-44.
17.    Germination of seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla and Brachiaria plantaginea in variated depth the latossoil red Scheren, M.A., et al., Acta Iguazu, 2013. 2(2): p. 49-57.
18.    Effect of weed density ( Euphorbia heterophylla) on the performance of popcorn maize ( Zea mays var. everta) Saka, H.O., et al., Agronomski Glasnik, 2013. 75(5/6): p. 267-278.
19.    In vitro anthelmintic potential and phytochemical composition of ethanolic and water crude extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn Nalule, A.S., J.M. Mbaria, and J.W. Kimenju, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013. 7(43): p. 3202-3210.
20.    Effect of a supplementation of Euphorbia heterophylla on nutritional meat quality of Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus L.) Kouakou, N.G.D.V., et al., Meat Science, 2013. 93(4): p. 821-826.
21.    Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Jatropha curcas and Euphorbia heterophylla Ekundayo, E.O. and J.N. Ekekwe, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2013. 7(44): p. 5097-5100.
22.    Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from residues of Sorghum bicolor stem and maize inflorescence on the germination and growth of Euphorbia heterophylla L Ayeni, M.J. and J. Kayode, Journal of Plant Studies, 2013. 2(2): p. 7-12.
23.    Determination of antioxidant activity and phytoconstituent screening of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn Abbasi, M.A., et al., British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013. 3(2): p. 202-216.
24.    Molecular characterization of a new begomovirus that infects Euphorbia heterophylla and Solanum lycopersicum in Venezuela Zambrano, K., T. Fernandez-Rodriguez, and E. Marys, Archives of Virology, 2012. 157(2): p. 379-382.
25.    Comparative studies on anticoagulant properties of aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) Ughachukwu, P.O., et al., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012. 6(17): p. 3388-3392.
26.    Residual Activity of Diuron, O., and Prometryne for Euphorbia heterophylla Control Oliveira Jr, R. S., et al., Planta Daninha, 2012. 30(3): p. 649-658.
27.    Two Newly Naturalized Plants in Korea: Euphorbia heterophylla L. and E. hirta L 지성진, et al., Korean Journal of plant Taxonomy, 2011. 41(2): p. 164-170.
28.    Response of Euphorbia heterophylla Biotypes to Glyphosate Rates Vargas, L., et al., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29: p. 1121-1128.
29.    Quick Test of Foliar Immersion of Euphorbia heterophylla to Confirm Resistance to PPO and ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides Trezzi, M.M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29(4): p. 901-912.
30.    ELETROLITE LEAKAGE AS A TECHNIQUE TO DIAGNOSE Euphorbia heterophylla BIOTYPES RESISTANT TO PPO-INHIBITORS HERBICIDES Trezzi, M.M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29(3): p. 655-662.
31.    Teste rápido de imersão foliar de Euphorbia Heterophylla para confirmação de resistência a herbicidas inibidores da PROTOX e da ALS Trezzi, M.M., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29(4): p. 0-0.
32.    Isolated or Combined Application of Diuron, O.a.P.f.E.h.C.O.J., R. S., et al., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29(3): p. 635-645.
33.    Aspects of the dynamics of weed patches by Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae) seed production and evolution of seed stock Ipou-Ipou, J., et al., Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2011. 46: p. 3144-3152.
34.    Allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of Bidens pilosa L., C.r.L., and Euphorbia heterophylla L Gusman, Grasielle Soares, M.Q. Yamagushi, and S. Vestena, Iheringia Serie Botanica, 2011. 66(1): p. 87-97.
35.    Control of Euphorbia heterophylla with mesotrione and oils to different nozzles Grigolli, J.F.J., et al., Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas, 2011. 10(3): p. 266-276.
36.    Molecular and biological characterization of a new Brazilian begomovirus, e.y.m.v.E., infecting Euphorbia heterophylla plants Fernandes, Fernanda R., et al., Archives of Virology, 2011. 156(11): p. 2063-2069.
37.    Investigation in to the antimicrobial properties of Euphorbia heterophylla on typhoid disease causative agents Ehemaduku, A.M., et al., International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP), 2011. 2(4): p. 1214-1217.
38.    Alternative herbicides for controlling Bidens pilosa and Euphorbia heterophylla resistant to ALS inhibitor in cotton crop Braz, G.B.P., et al., Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas, 2011. 10(2): p. 74-74.
39.    Antimicrobial and anticancer studies on Euphorbia heterophylla Sundaram, M.M., et al., Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010. 3(9): p. 2332-2333.
40.    Control of Euphorbia heterophylla and Ipomoea grandifolia Using Glyphosate Isolated or in Association with Broadleaf Herbicides Ramires, A.C., et al., Planta Daninha, 2010. 28(3): p. 621-629.
41.    Harmful effect of Euphorbia heterophylla L. on maize in the maritime area at south Togo Pocanam, Y. 21eme Conference du COLUMA. Journees Internationales sur la Lutte contre les Mauvaises Herbes, Dijon, France, 8-9 decembre, 2010. 2010. 626-633.
42.    The Intake and the in vivo Digestibility of Panicum maximum Associated with Three Supplements: Jatophra curcas Cake, G.h.C.a.E.h.E.i.G.P.C.p., et al., Tropicultura, 2010. 28(3): p. 173-177.
43.    Phytochemical composition, b.a.w.h.p.o.E.h.E.l.e.J., O. and E.T. Friday, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR), 2010. 1(2): p. 54-63.
44.    Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of the crude extract, p.e.a.c.f.o.E.h.L.w.p.F.-J., A. A. and K.A. Abo, Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010. 2(16): p. 1-4.
45.    Efficacy of Herbicides Applied During the Dry and Wet Seasons for Euphorbia heterophylla Control in Sugarcane Correia, N.M. and B. Kronka Jr, Planta Daninha, 2010. 28(4): p. 853-863.
46.    Interference of Euphorbia heterophylla in the Growth and Macronutrient Accumulation of Soybean Carvalho, L.B., S. Bianco, and C.D. Guzzo, Planta Daninha, 2010. 28(1): p. 33-39.
47.    Fomesafen Absorption Site as a Mechanism of Resistance in an Euphorbia heterophylla Biotype Resistant to PROTOX Inhibitors Trezzi, M.M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2009. 27(1): p. 139-148.
48.    Morphophysiological Characteristics of Euphorbia heterophylla Biotypes Resistant to Different Herbicide Action Mechanisms Trezzi, M.M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2009. 27: p. 1075-1082.
49.    Interaction between organophosphate insecticide and PROTOX-inhibiting herbicides and its implication in the resistance of Euphorbia heterophylla Trezzi, M.M., A.L. Nunes, and E.d.S. Portes, Scientia Agraria, 2009. 10(6): p. 423-428.
50.    Allelopathic effect of Artemisia annua L. on the germination and initial development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) seedlings Magiero, E.C., et al., Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 2009. 11(3): p. 317-324.
51.    The phytotoxic effect of exogenous ethanol on Euphorbia heterophylla L Kern, K.A., et al., Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2009. 47(11-12): p. 1095-1101.
52.    Esterase Polymorphism for Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) Populations Frigo, M.J., et al., Weed Science, 2009. 57(1): p. 54-60.
53.    Euphorbia heterophylla Leaf Area Estimate Duarte, D.J., et al., Planta Daninha, 2009. 27(3): p. 527-531.
54.    Complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate of Euphorbia mosaic virus that infects Euphorbia heterophylla and Wissadula amplissima in Jamaica Collins, A.M., et al., Archives of Virology, 2009. 154(11): p. 1859-1860.
55.    Lewia chlamidosporiformans, a.m.f.c.o.E.h.i.s.a.m.p.V., B. S., K.L. Nechet, and R.W. Barreto. Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, La Grande Motte, France, 22-27 April, 2007, ed. M.H. Julien, et al. 2008. 221-226.
56.    Combination of a mycoherbicide with selected chemical herbicides for control of Euphorbia heterophylla Nechet, K.L., et al. Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, La Grande Motte, France, 22-27 April, 2007, ed. M.H. Julien, et al. 2008. 693-698.
57.    Anti-tussive effect of methanolic extract of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn Govindwar, R.B. and P. Perumal, Biomed, 2008. 2(4): p. 396-399.
58.    Phytochemical and biological investigation of chloroform and ethylacetate fractions of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf ( Euphorbiaceae) Falodun, A., et al., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2008. 2(12): p. 365-369.
59.    In vitro regeneration of Euphorbia heterophylla L Colussi, F., A.N. Gebieluca Dabul, and R.A. Ayub, Ciencia E Agrotecnologia, 2008. 32(4): p. 1317-1321.
60.    Competitive ability of sicklepod ( Senna obtusifolia L) in combination with Chromolaena odorata (L) K & R and Euphorbia heterophylla L Awodoyin, R.O. and S. Ogunyemi, Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 2008. 11: p. 25-30.
61.    Effect of Chlorimuron-Ethyl on Resistant and Susceptible Euphorbia heterophylla Biotypes Aarestrup, J.R., et al., Planta Daninha, 2008. 26(4): p. 911-916.
62.    Chromosome number and cytogenetics of Euphorbia heterophylla L Aarestrup, J.R., D. Karam, and G.W. Fernandes, Genetics and Molecular Research, 2008. 7(1): p. 217-222.
63.    Viability analysis of Euphorbia heterophylla seeds Aarestrup, J.R., et al., Planta Daninha, 2008. 26(3): p. 515-519.
64.    Soil water contents and glyphosate efficacy in controlling Euphorbia heterophylla Zanatta, J.F., et al., Planta Daninha, 2007. 25(4): p. 799-811.
65.    Glyphosate resistant biotypes of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) and its risk analysis on glyphosate-tolerant soybeans Vidal, R.A., et al., Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2007. 5(2): p. 265-269.
66.    Piscicidal potential of dried Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) stem water extract on Barbus occidentalis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) (Boulenger, f.O., I. A. D. and O.A. Sogbesan, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 2007. 1(4): p. 191-197.
67.    Effect of rainfall on Euphorbia heterophylla and Ipomoea purpurea control by glyphosate and sulfosate Monquero, P.A. and A.C. Silva, Planta Daninha, 2007. 25(2): p. 399-404.
68.    Efficacy of herbicides in different amounts of sugar cane straw on Euphorbia heterophylla control Monquero, P.A., et al., Planta Daninha, 2007. 25(3): p. 613-619.
69.    Dose-response curves for evaluating control of Ipomoea triloba and Euphorbia heterophylla with the herbicide imazapic Francisco, M.O., et al., STAB - Acucar, Alcool e Subprodutos, 2007. 25(5): p. 42-38, 40, 42.
70.    Some pharmacological studies of aqueous extract of leaves of Euphorbia heterophylla Unekwe, P.C., P.O. Ughachukwu, and J.O. Ogamba, Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 2006. 10(2): p. 1-5.
71.    Sorghum, m.a.o.s.r.a.e.a.g.o.E.h.p.r.t.A.-i.T., M. M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2006. 24(3): p. 443-450.
72.    Greenhouse and laboratory bioassays for the identification of Euphorbia heterophylla biotypes with multiple resistance to protox- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides Trezzi, M.M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2006. 24(3): p. 563-571.
73.    Sequential application of flumiclorac-pentil for Euphorbia heterophylla control in soybeans Silverio de Oliveira, R., Jr., et al., Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 2006. 28(1): p. 115-122.
74.    Absorption and translocation of imazethapyr as a mechanism responsible for resistance of Euphorbia heterophylla L. biotypes to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors Plaza, G.A., et al., Agronomia Colombiana, 2006. 24(2): p. 302-305.
75.    Bipolaris euphorbiae as a biological control agent for wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla): host-specificity and variability in pathogen and host population Nechet, K.d.L., R.W. Barreto, and E.S.G. Mizubuti, BioControl, 2006. 51(2): p. 259-275.
76.    Bipolaris euphorbiae as a biological control agent for wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla): host-specificity and variability in pathogen and host populations Nechet, K.D., R.W. Barreto, and E.S.G. Mizubuti, Biocontrol, 2006. 51(2): p. 259-275.
77.    The effect of aqueous extracts from leaf leachates and the soil beneath Chromoleana odorata and Euphorbia heterophylla on the germination of cowpea seeds Kayode, J., Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2006. 49(4): p. 296-298.
78.    Phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory evaluation of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Euphorbiaceae) Falodun, A., L.O. Okunrobo, and N. Uzoamaka, African Journal of Biotechnology, 2006. 5(6): p. 529-531.
79.    First report of the rust Melampsora euphorbiae on Euphorbia heterophylla in Oman Deadman, M.L., et al., Journal of Plant Pathology, 2006. 88(2): p. 229-229.
80.    Nitrogen fertilizer and weed (Euphorbia heterophylla Linn.) effects on the growth parameters of Macrotyloma geocarpa (Harms) Marechal and Baudet Adelusi, A.A., O.A. Akamo, and A.M. Makinde, International Journal of Botany, 2006. 2(1): p. 74-82.
81.    Euphorbia heterophylla L. and nitrogen fertilizer effects on the chemical composition and photosynthetic apparatus of Macrotyloma geocarpa (Harms) Marechal and Baudet Adelusi, A.A., O.A. Akamo, and A.M. Makinde, International Journal of Botany, 2006. 2(1): p. 56-63.
82.    The combined effects of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. and nitrogen fertilizer on the reproductive yield and competitive ability of Macrotyloma geocarpa (Harms) Marechal and Beaudet Adelusi, A.A. and O.A. Akamo, International Journal of Botany, 2006. 2(1): p. 69-73.
83.    Allelopathic effects of aconitic acid on wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) and morningglory (Ipomoea grandifolia) Voll, E., C.E. Voll, and R. Victoria, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes, 2005. 40(1): p. 69-75.
84.    Lewia chlamidosporiformans sp nov from Euphorbia heterophylla Vieira, B.S. and R.W. Barreto, Mycotaxon, 2005. 94: p. 245-248.
85.    Multiple resistance of acetolactate synthase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors in Euphorbia heterophylla biotypes Trezzi, M.M., et al., Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes, 2005. 40(1): p. 101-109.
86.    Anthelmintic efficacy of Diospyros mollis, C.q.a.E.h.o.a.A.g.i.l.S., D., et al. Proceedings of 43rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Thailand, 1-4 February, 2005. Subject: Animals. 2005. 323-328.
87.    Application of fomesafen via overhead sprinkler irrigation for the control of Euphorbia heterophylla Ruas, R.A.A., et al., Planta Daninha, 2005. 23(3): p. 501-507.
88.    Evaluation of several scarification methods for dormancy rupture of Euphorbia heterophylla L. seeds in comparative studies of plants from Ecuador and Venezuela Lopez, F., J. Ascencio, and J. Lazo, XVII Congreso de la Asociacion Latinoamericana de Malezas (ALAM) I Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencia de las Malezas, IV Congreso Nacional de Ciencia de Malezas, Matanzas, Cuba, 8 al 11 de noviembre del 2005, 2005: p. 727-728.
89.    Resistence of Euphorbia heterophylla L. to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in soybean Gelmini, G.A., et al., Scientia Agricola, 2005. 62(5): p. 452-457.
90.    Euphorbia heterophylla L. resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides: distribution and genetic of biotypes from Parana State Winkler, L.M. and R.A. Vidal, Pesticidas - Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente, 2004. 14: p. 85-92.
91.    A field survey of crop management practices and distribution of ALS resistant Euphorbia heterophylla in two states in Southern Brazil Vidal, R.A., et al., Planta Daninha, 2004. 22(3): p. 403-410.
92.    Euphorbia heterophylla L. resistant to herbicide inhibitors of acetolactate synthase: II - Geographic distribution and genetic characterization of biotypes from Rio Grande do Sul plains Vidal, R.A. and L.M. Winkler, Revista Brasileira de Agrociencia, 2004. 10(4): p. 461-465.
93.    Differential distribution of callose and a (1 -> 4)beta-D-galactan epitope in the laticiferous plant euphorbia Heterophylla L Serpe, M.D., et al., International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2004. 165(4): p. 571-585.
94.    Morphological and physiological determinants of the competitive ability of Euphorbia heterophylla when grown with Phaseolus beans Sangakkara, U.R. and P. Bandaranayake, Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenkrankheiten Und Pflanzenschutz-Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2004: p. 245-251.
95.    Interference of populations of Euphorbia heterophylla and Ipomoea ramosissima isolated or in mixture in soybean crop Rizzardi, M.A., et al., Planta Daninha, 2004. 22(1): p. 29-34.
96.    Sphaceloma poinsettiae as a potential biological control agent for wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla) Nechet, K.d.L., R.W. Barreto, and E.S.G. Mizubuti, Biological Control, 2004. 30(3): p. 556-565.
97.    Sphaceloma poinsettiae as a potential biological control agent for wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) Nechet, K.D., R.W. Barreto, and E.S.G. Mizubuti, Biological Control, 2004. 30(3): p. 556-565.
98.    Influence of some environmental factors on Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae) seeds germination Ipou, J., et al., Tropicultura, 2004. 22(4): p. 176-179.
99.    Phytochemical analysis and laxative activity of the leaf extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Euphorbiaceae) Falodun, A. and E.P. Agbakwuru, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2004. 47(5): p. 345-348.
100.    Genetic characterization of Euphorbia heterophylla resistant to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides Winkler, L.M., R.A. Vidal, and J.F.B. Neto, Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2003. 38(9): p. 1067-1072.
101.    Multiple forms of endo-1 4-beta-glucanases in the endosperm of Euphorbia heterophylla L Suda, C.N.K. and J.F. Giorgini, Journal of Experimental Botany, 2003. 54(390): p. 2045-2052.
102.    Cell wall hydrolases in the seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla L. during germination and early seedling development Suda, C.N.K., M.S. Buckeridge, and J.F. Giorgini, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2003. 15(3): p. 135-143.
103.    Cross resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Euphorbia heterophylla L. biotypes resistant to imazethapyr Plaza, G., M.D. Osuna, and R. De Prado, Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 2003. 68(4a): p. 335-339.
104.    Influence of straw management of Brachiaria decumbens on the initial development of Glycine max and Euphorbia heterophylla Maciel, C.D.G., et al., Planta Daninha, 2003. 21(3): p. 365-373.
105.    Leaf anatomical studies in weed species widely common in Brazil. IV - Amaranthus deflexus, A.s., Alternanthera tenella and Euphorbia heterophylla Ferreira, E. A., et al., Planta Daninha, 2003. 21(2): p. 263-271.
106.    Antibacterial activity of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Family - Euphorbiaceae) Falodun, A., E.O.P. Agbakwuru, and G.C. Ukoh, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2003. 46(6): p. 471-472.
107.    Chemical management of the weeds Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa under no-tillage system of soybean ( Glycine max) Carvalho, F.T., et al., Planta Daninha, 2003. 21(1): p. 145-150.
108.    Leaf anatomy of Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp considered weeds in diverse crops Blanco, G., F. Torres, and J. Ascencio, Anales de Botanica Agricola, 2003. 10: p. 23-31.
109.    ALS activity of wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla) and corn ( Zea mays) resistant and susceptible to imazaquin Oliveira, M.F., et al., Planta Daninha, 2002. 20(1): p. 77-82.
110.    Critical period of interference of Euphorbia heterophylla in soybean crop under low seeding rate Meschede, D.K., et al., Planta Daninha, 2002. 20(3): p. 381-387.
111.    Determination of phenolic compounds in plants of Euphorbia heterophylla L Lopez, F., Anales de Botanica Agricola, 2002. 9: p. 57-63.
112.    Evaluation of nicosulfuron in the control of Rottboellia exaltata, E.h.a.A.d.i.m.Z.m.L.a.a.t.d.w.g.s.H.L., M. M., J.M. Arreaza, and J.V. Lazo A, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia, 2002. 19(4): p. 294-303.
113.    Phytotoxin. produced by Bipolaris euphorbiae in-vitro is effective against the weed, E.h.B., A. M., et al., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2002. 45(2): p. 233-240.
114.    Inheritance of ALS inhibitor resistance in Euphorbia heterophylla weed biotypes Vargas, L., A. Borem, and A.A. Silva, Planta Daninha, 2001. 19(3): p. 331-336.
115.    Comparison of culture media for the mass production of Bipolaris euphorbiae and its impact on Euphorbia heterophylla dry matter accumulation Marchiori, R., et al., Summa Phytopathologica, 2001. 27(4): p. 428-432.
116.    Resistance of Euphorbia heterophylla L. biotypes to ALS enzyme inhibitor herbicides used in soybean crop Gelmini, G.A., et al., Bragantia, 2001. 60(2): p. 93-99.
117.    Influence of calcium in the spray tank on the efficacy of carfentrazone-ethyl Euphorbia heterophylla control Carvalho, F.T., et al., Planta Daninha, 2001. 19(1): p. 97-101.
118.    Growth analysis of wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla) biotypes resistant and susceptible to ALS inhibitor herbicides Brighenti, A.M., et al., Planta Daninha, 2001. 19(1): p. 51-59.
119.    Growth analysis of resistant and susceptible wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla) biotypes to ALS-inhibiting herbicides Vidal, R.A. and M.M. Trezzi, Planta Daninha, 2000. 18(3): p. 427-433.
120.    Genetic variability among Euphorbia heterophylla Vasconcelos, M.J.V.d., et al., Planta Daninha, 2000. 18(2): p. 285-292.
121.    Antinociceptive activity of Euphorbia heterophylla roots Vamsidhar, I., et al., Fitoterapia, 2000. 71(5): p. 562-563.
122.    Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla Suda, C.N.K. and J.F. Giorgini, Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, 2000. 12(3): p. 226-245.
123.    Crossing technique in Euphorbia heterophylla L Vargas, L., A. Borem, and A.A. da Silva, Bragantia, 1999. 58(1): p. 23-27.
124.    Euphorbia heterophylla and E. cyathophora (Euphorbiaceae) in the Malay Peninsula Turner, I.M., Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore), 1999. 51(1): p. 99-102.
125.    Efficiency of the herbicide lactofen for the control of Euphorbia heterophylla, r.t.h.w.i.t.e.a.s.A.M., A. L. and F.d.A.R. Pereira, Documentos - EMBRAPA Agropecuaria Oeste, 1999(3): p. 11-14.
126.    Susceptibility assessment of Euphorbia heterophylla to poinsettia powdery mildew Celio, G.J. and C.W. Mims, Phytopathology, 1998. 88(9 SUPPL.): p. S135-S135.
127.    Fungal pathogens of Euphorbia heterophylla and E-hirta in Brazil and their potential as weed biocontrol agents Barreto, R.W. and H.C. Evans, Mycopathologia, 1998. 141(1): p. 21-36.
128.    Photosensitivity of Euphorbia heterophylla L. seeds during the germination Suda, C.N.K. and M.D.F.D.A. Pereira, Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, 1997. 9(1): p. 61-66.
129.    Phenological characterization of populations of Euphorbia heterophylla L and Rottboellia exaltata Lf., p.r.t.S.-t.h.a.u.d.G., A. and J. Vicente Lazo, Anales de Botanica Agricola, 1996. 3: p. 5-21.
130.    Growth and development of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) selections in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Brecke, B.J. and P. Tobola, Weed Science, 1996. 44(3): p. 575-578.
131.    Growth and development of Euphorbia heterophylla selections in peanut Brecke, B.J. Second International Weed Control Congress - Proceedings, Vols 1-4, ed. H. Brown, et al. 1996. 137-139.
132.    Kinetic properties for the in vivo secreted acid phosphatase enzyme from the roots of Cajanus cajan, R.t.a.E.h.A., J., Plant Physiology, 1996. 111(2): p. 491-491.
133.    Comparison of the growth of three cultivated species- Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Manuare, V.u.L.W.c.T.a.L.e.M.c.C.a.t.w. and J. Ascencio, Anales de Botanica Agricola, 1996. 3: p. 50-65.
134.    The use of plant pathogenic Helminthosporium euphorbiae for the control of Euphorbia heterophylla Aparecida da Silva, T., J. Tadashi Yorinori, and L.D. Paccola-Meirelles, Semina (Londrina), 1996. 17(1): p. 105-111.
135.    WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE Brecke, B.J., Weed Science, 1995. 43(1): p. 103-106.
136.    INTERFERENCE OF WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) WITH SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) Willard, T.S., et al., Weed Technology, 1994. 8(4): p. 679-683.
137.    ALPHA-NAPHTHALENE ACETIC-ACID REGULATED ANTHOCYANINS, P.A.A.E.I.E.-H.L.S.E.C.P., M. N. V. and J.G. Satyasree, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1994. 3(2): p. 69-72.
138.    Nitrite reductase activity in susceptible and tolerant biotypes of Euphorbia heterophylla and Rottboellia exaltata to the herbicides linuron, a.a.m.G., Arturo and J.V. Lazo, Plant Physiology (Rockville), 1994. 105(1 SUPPL.): p. 85-85.
139.    Soybean (Glycine max) yield and quality responses associated with wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) control programs Willard, T.S. and J.L. Griffin, Weed Technology, 1993. 7(1): p. 118-122.
140.    GROWTH-RESPONSE OF WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) FOLLOWING FOLIAR HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS Willard, T.S. and J.L. Griffin, Weed Technology, 1993. 7(1): p. 190-195.
141.    SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) YIELD AND QUALITY RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) CONTROL PROGRAMS Willard, T.S. and J.L. Griffin, Weed Technology, 1993. 7(1): p. 118-122.
142.    The influence of some herbicides on the control of Euphorbia heterophylla L. in cowpea O'Makinwa, R.O. and O.A. Akinyemiju, Malaysian Agricultural Journal, 1993. 54(4): p. 182-194.
143.    Ultrastructure of cyathial nectaries of Euphorbia heterophylla and its relation to the mechanism of nectar secretion Arumugasamy, K., K. Udalyan, and S. Manlan, Indian Botanical Contactor, 1993. 10(1): p. 19-27.
144.    WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) INTERFERENCE WITH PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA) Bridges, D.C., B.J. Brecke, and J.C. Barbour, Weed Science, 1992. 40(1): p. 37-42.
145.    Control of milk weed ( Euphorbia heterophylla) with Helminthosporium sp Yorinori, J.T. and D.L.P. Gazziero. Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. 1990. 571-576.
146.    CONTROL OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L IN COWPEA WITH HERBICIDES AND HERBICIDE MIXTURES Omakinwa, R.O. and O.A. Akinyemiju, Crop Protection, 1990. 9(3): p. 218-224.
147.    WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) CONTROL IN PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAE) Moore, J.D., P.A. Banks, and C.L. Pinnelialison, Weed Science, 1990. 38(6): p. 536-540.
148.    The effect of citronelol on the germination and growth of wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla) Gusman, A.B., G. Mucillo, and M.H. Pires, Semina (Londrina), 1990. 11(1): p. 20-24.
149.    Studies on the morphological nature of the petaloid bract of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn Gupta, D. and B.K. Moulik, Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal, 1990. 44(1-2): p. 97-101.
150.    Goosegrass ( Eleusine indica) and wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla) interference in maize ( Zea mays) Eke, A.C. and O.U. Okereke, Nigerian Journal of Weed Science, 1990. 3: p. 1-10.
151.    Seed longevity and periodicity of emergence of milkweed ( Euphorbia heterophylla) Dorney, W.J. and B.J. Wilson, Proceedings of the 9th Australian Weeds Conference., 1990: p. 431-433.
152.    STRUCTURE, O.A.H.O.C.N.I.E.-H.L.E.A., K., R.B. Subramanian, and J.A. Inamdar, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 1990. 59(1-4): p. 3-8.
153.    Seed production, g.a.e.o.E.h.L.E., E. O. and T.A. Okoko, Nigerian Journal of Botany, 1989. 2: p. 143-147.
154.    PURGATIVE POTENTIALS OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA Akah, P.A., Fitoterapia, 1989. 60(1): p. 45-48.
155.    Performance of nymphs of Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in fruits of the wild groundnut Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae) and in seeds and pods of soyabean Panizzi, A.R., A.M. Meneguin, and M.G. Rossini, Documentos, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, EMBRAPA, 1988(36): p. 61-63.
156.    Performance of adults of Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in fruits of the wild groundnut Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae) and in seeds and pods of soyabean Panizzi, A.R., A.M. Meneguin, and M.C. Rossini, Documentos, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, EMBRAPA, 1988(36): p. 63-65.
157.    THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HERBICIDES ON THE CONTROL OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L. IN COWPEA O'Makinwa, R.O. and O.A. Akinyemiju, Malaysian Agricultural Journal, 1988. 54(2): p. 68-80.
158.    Taxonomic studies of the Euphorbiaceae JUSS family-I: Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Euphorbia cyathophora MURR Oliveira, A.S.d. and B.d. Sa-Haiad, Sellowia, 1988. 150(40): p. 5-31.
159.    EFFECTS OF DIURON ON EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L TRANSPIRATION .1. YOUNG PLANTS Mathiasdossantos, D.M. and G.M. Corso, Turrialba, 1988. 38(4): p. 359-364.
160.    Distribution and control of milkweed, E.h., in North Queensland Bolton, M. P. and W.J. Dorney. Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Weeds Conference, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 21-25 September, 1987, ed. D. Lemerle and A.R. Leys. 1987. 381-385.
161.    Effects of several herbicide treatments on wild poinsettia ( Euphorbia heterophylla L.) control in soybean Jowers, H.E., J.W. Breman, and J.W. Fletcher, Proceedings, Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida, 1986. 45: p. 115-117.
162.    EFFECTS OF SEVERAL HERBICIDE TREATMENTS ON WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L) CONTROL IN SOYBEAN Jowers, H.E., J.W. Breman, and J.W. Fletcher, Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida Proceedings, 1986. 45: p. 115-117.
163.    Biological control of milk weed ( Euphorbia heterophylla) with pathogenic fungi Yorinori, J.T., Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds., 1985: p. 677-681.
164.    Occurrence of Euphorbia mosaic virus infecting Euphorbia heterophylla L. in Venezuela Debrot, E. and F. Centeno, Agronomia Tropical, 1985. 35(4-6): p. 5-12.
165.    Effect of pre-em herbicides on the control of Bidens pilosa L., C.v.L.a.E.h.L.i.s.G.m.L.M.C., Abstracts of the XIV Brazilian congress on herbicides and herbaceous weeds (SBHED) and the VI congress of the Latin American Weed Association (ALAM), Campinas, 1982., 1985: p. 73-74.
166.    Effect of post-emergence herbicides on the control of Euphorbia heterophylla (L.), C.v.L.a.B.p.L.a.o.t.o.a.i.a.s.c., Abstracts of the XIV Brazilian congress on herbicides and herbaceous weeds (SBHED) and the VI congress of the Latin American Weed Association (ALAM), Campinas, 1982., 1985: p. 68-68.
167.    ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A LECTIN FROM EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA SEEDS Nsimbalubaki, M., W.J. Peumans, and A.R. Carlier, Biochemical Journal, 1983. 215(1): p. 141-145.
168.    A LECTIN FROM EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA SEEDS Nsimba, L.M. and W.J. Peumans, Archives Internationales De Physiologie De Biochimie Et De Biophysique, 1983. 91(2): p. B65-B66.
169.    Evaluation of soyabean ( Glycine max (L.) Merril) cultivars in competition with Euphorbia heterophylla L. at three densities and two periods of occurrence Chemale, V.M. and N.G. Fleck, Planta Daninha, 1982. 5(2): p. 36-45.
170.    Control of Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) by post-emergence herbicides Cerdeira, A.L. and E. Voll, Anais, II seminario nacional de pesquisa de soja. Vol.II., 1982: p. 311-316.
171.    EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA - A REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION, I.A.C.W., A. K., Tropical Pest Management, 1981. 27(1): p. 32-38.
172.    STUDIES ON THE RHIZOSPHERE MYCOFLORA OF EUPHORBIA-GRANULATA FORSK AND EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L Abdalla, M.H. and F. Omer, Mycopathologia, 1981. 73(1): p. 9-15.
173.    10, -.D.H.-O.F.E.-H.L.T., K. P., P. Kumar, and M. Masood, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 1980. 57(3): p. 350-351.
174.    Effects of depth of sowing on emergence of Euphorbia heterophylla Machado Neto, J.G. and R. Pitelli, Resumos XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Herbicidas e Ervas Daninhas, Bahia, 1980., 1980: p. 117-118.
175.    Germination and emergence of Euphorbia heterophylla Cerdeira, A.L. and E. Voll, Resumos XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Herbicidas e Ervas Daninhas, Bahia, 1980., 1980: p. 96-97.
176.    Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.): an analysis of the problem in Louisiana soybeans Nester, P.R. and T.R. Harger, Abstracts of 1979 Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America., 1979: p. 19-19.
177.    ACCUMULATION OF NON-UTILIZABLE STARCH IN LATICIFERS OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA AND E EUPHORBIA-MYRSINITES Biesboer, D.D. and P.G. Mahlberg, Planta, 1978. 143(1): p. 5-10.
178.    GERMINATION OF WILD POINSETTIA (EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA) Bannon, J.S., J.B. Baker, and R.L. Rogers, Weed Science, 1978. 26(3): p. 221-225.
179.    Effects of herbicides on the anatomy of Cenchrus echinatus and Euphorbia heterophylla Deuber, R., et al., Bragantia, 1977. 36(20): p. 207-213.
180.    PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND GERMINATION OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA Bannon, J.S., J.B. Baker, and R.L. Rogers, Proceedings Southern Weed Science Society, 1977. 30: p. 356-356.
181.    Pentose phosphate pathway and germination of Euphorbia heterophylla L Bannon, J.S., J.B. Baker, and R.L. Rogers, Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society., 1977: p. 356-356.
182.    CHANGES IN LEVELS OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE (PAL) IN SEED OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L Bannon, J.S., J.B. Baker, and R.L. Rogers, Plant Physiology, 1977. 59(6): p. 34-34.
183.    Anatomical effects of herbicides on Cenchrus echinatus and Euphorbia heterophylla Forster, R., et al., Resumos XI Seminario Brasileiro de Herbicidas e Ervas Daninhas, Londrina, 1976., 1976: p. 15-16.
184.    INTERACTIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT IN BREAKING OF SEED DORMANCY OF EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA L Bannon, J.S., J.B. Baker, and R.L. Rogers, Plant Physiology, 1976. 57(5): p. 25-25.
185.    Studies on Nigerian weeds. 1. Biology and control of Euphorbia heterophylla L Egunjobi, J.K. and A.O. Kupoluyi, Proceedings of the Third Nigeria Weed Science Group Meeting., 1973: p. 42-46.
186.    DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOSPERM AND EMBRYO IN EUPHORBIA-HETEROPHYLLA-D Mukherjee, P.K., National Academy of Sciences India Annual Number, 1968(37): p. 155-155.
187.    DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOSPERM AND EMBRYO IN EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA L Mukherje.Pk, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B-Biological Sciences, 1968. 38: p. 39-&.
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189.    Embryo sac development in Euphorbia heterophylla limaeus Sanchez, S.T., Univ Philippines Nat and Appl Sci Bull, 1938. 6((1)): p. 59-75.
190.    New pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid compound useful in herbicidal composition for controlling undesirable vegetation e.g. Chenopodium album, A.t., Euphorbia heterophylla Epp, J. B., et al. Dow Agrosciences Llc.
191.    Plant e.g. Amaranthus palmeri, E.h., Lolium multiflorum and Xanthium strumarium control, by treating plant with composition comprising polynucleotide and transfer agent Ader, D., et al. Monsanto Technology Llc; Ader D; Finnessy J J; Kapoor M; Masucci J D; Li Z; Hasmukh S R; Tao N; Taylor J C; Wang D; Yang H.