Friday, May 1, 2015

Boswellia serrata, Kunduru, Sallaki, Indian frankincense

Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
Family: Burseraceae

Synonyms: Boswellia balsamifera Spreng., Boswellia glabra Roxb., Boswellia thurifera Roxb. ex Fleming, Chloroxylon dupada Buch.-Ham., Libanotus asiaticus Stackh.
Libanus thuriferus Colebr.


Common name: Indian Olibanum, Indian frankincense
Gujarati: સાલેડી saaledi, સલાઈ ગૂગળ salaai gugul
Hindi: शल्लकी shallaki, kundur, luban
Kannada: ಗುಗ್ಗುಳ ಮರ guggula mara
Malayalam: കുങ്ങില്യം kungilyam
Marathi: धुपाळी dhupali, धूपसाळी dhupasali, कुरुंद kurunda, सालफळी salaphali, साळई salai, साळी sali
Oriya: salai
Punjabi: Salai gonda
Sanskrit: भीषण bhishan, गुग्गुल guggula, हस्तिनशना hastinashana, पालंक palank, पार्वती parvati, ऱ्हादिनी hradini, कुरुन्द kurunda, सल्लकी sallaki, शल्लकी shallaki, स्रुवा sruva
Tamil: பறங்கிச்சாம்பிராணி paranki-c-campi-rani, வெள்ளிக்கீரை vellai-k-kirai
Telugu: పరంగి సాంబ్రాణిచెట్టు parangi-sambrani-chettu, సల్లకి sallaki
Arabic: kundur
Finnish: Salaiolibaani
Urdu: kundur, lobana

Description: Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, bark yellowish-white with dark blotches, exfoliations thin, papery, smooth flakes; blaze red; exudation white gum-resin; branchlets pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, alternate, apically clustered, estipulate; rachis 11-44 cm, slender, pubescent, swollen at base; leaflets 15-31, sessile or subsessile, opposite or subopposite; lamina 0.8-9.5 x 0.5-3.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, base oblique, acute, apex obtuse, margin entire or crenate, chartaceous, glabrous; lateral nerves 8-14 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers bisexual, small, white, in axillary or subterminal fascicled racemes; calyx pubescent, tube broadly campanulate, short; lobes 5-7, persistent; petals 5-7, 7 x 2.5-4 mm, white, ovate-oblong, shortly clawed, inflexed at apex pubescent out side except margin; disc annular, crenate, free from calyx; stamens 10, free, filaments alternately longer and shorter connective produced beyond the anther lobe; ovary sessile, superior, ovoid, 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style to 3 mm, grooved; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, trigonous; pyrenes 3; seed 3.

Ayurvedic uses: Jvara, Pradara, Svasa, pittabhishyanda, Sarkarameha, Vrushana sula, Mukha roga [API Vol-4]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Resin diuretic, stimulant, demulcent, emmenagogue, hypoglycemic, astringent, antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rehumatism, joint pain, toothache, Crohn’s disease, chronic ulcers, asthma, backpain, other inflammatory diseases; resin mixed with rice water applied for skin eruptions; a mixture of gum and red ochre consumed to check the nocturnal emissions. Bark and gum-resin to treat bronchitis, asthma, cough, chronic laryngitis, stomatitis, dysentery, ulcers, hemorrhoid, skin diseases, fever, convulsions, syphilitic diseases, jaundice, arthritis, rheumatism, conjunctivitis; stem bark decoction to relieve body aches and to treat dysuria, in small doses given internally to cure chronic cough and cold; stem bark paste given for indigestion; stem bark paste applied to wounds; stem bark powder made into a paste and applied on forehead to relieve headache; stem bark pounded together with Curcuma longa and applied in traumatic pain. Resin used as incense, dry gum burns easily. Bark with root of Leea asiatica made into a paste and used in snakebite. Aromatic leaves and twigs used as repellent for flies, termites and insects. Veterinary medicine, bark juice for fracture of limb; pounded bark juice applied on the broken part of the limb. Sacred plant [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

In  traditional  and  Ayurvedic  medicine  the  Boswellia  gum  resin  has  been extensively  used  to  treat  a  variety  of  conditions.  Dried  extracts  of  the  resin  of  the Boswellia  serrata  tree  have  been  used  since  antiquity  in  India  to  treat  inflammatory conditions.  The  resin  of  Boswellia  serrata  is  used  as  an  anti-inflammatory  agent when applied  externally.  Internally,  besides  being antiarthritic,  it has  expectorant effect and improves immunity and hence has  immunomodulating properties. One of the principal constituents in the gum resin is boswellic acid which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The  gum  resin  is  used  as  an  ointment  for  sores  and  has  anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic and antiarthritic activities. The nonphenolic fraction of the gum resin had  marked  sedative  and  analgesic  action. [Herbal Cures Traditional Approach]

Boswellia serrata is used for inflammatory disorders including collagenous colitis (a cause of chronic diarrhoea), peritumoral oedema, rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic conditions. There is mounting clinical evidence to support its use. The boswellic acids have immunomodulatory effects and are anti-inflammatory via a number of mechanisms. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions ]

Boswellia is fast becoming one of the most commonly taken medicines for arthritic problems. Concerns over the safety of conventional anti-inflammatories have increased interest in herbal alternatives, and in boswellia’s case, there is a significant  and growing body of research that indicates both its safety and effectiveness. The specific anti-inflammatory action of the resin makes it an important remedy for chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. It can also prove valuable in relieving pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis. other uses Boswellia is also indicated in other inflammatory conditions such as asthma, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. It has recently been used to treat brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease—in both cases, it should be used only under professional supervision. [Herbal Remedies]

In Ayurveda the gum is considered anti-dysentric, anti-pyretic, and is used mainly in rheumatism and convulsions, but also in various nervous diseases. It is an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent when applied externally. It is not a constituent of important Ayurvedic products. It is sometimes used as a substitute for guggal gum. [Rasayana: Ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation]
123 Published articles of Boswellia serrata
1.    Effect of Boswellia serrata gum resin on the morphology of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in aged rat Hosseini-sharifabad, M. and E. Esfandiari, Anatomical Science International, 2015. 90(1): p. 47-53.
2.    OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE HAND. NATURAL TREATMENT BASED ON BOSWELLIA SERRATA, Z.O., TURMERIC, WILLOW BARK, CAPSAICIN AND GREEN LIPPED MUSCLES FROM NEW ZEALAND: A STUDY OF STRENGTH, MOVEMENT AND PAIN Lanzetta, Marco, Progress in Nutrition, 2014. 16(3): p. 233-236.
3.    Extract from gum resin of Boswellia serrata decreases IA(2)-antibody in a patient with "Late onset Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult" (LADA) Schrott, E., et al., Phytomedicine, 2014. 21(6): p. 786-786.
4.    Diuretic activity of Boswellia serrata Roxb. oleo gum extract in albino rats Asif, M., et al., Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014. 27(6): p. 1811-1817.
5.    Comparative pharmacokinetic study of two boswellic acids in normal and arthritic rat plasma after oral administration of Boswellia serrata extract or Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan by LC-MS Wang, H., et al., Biomedical Chromatography, 2014. 28(10): p. 1402-1408.
6.    Caspase Mediated Synergistic Effect of Boswellia serrata Extract in Combination with Doxorubicin against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Khan, M.A., et al., Biomed Research International, 2014.
7.    Boswellia serrata has Beneficial Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties in a Model of Experimental Colitis Hartmann, R.M., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2014. 28(9): p. 1392-1398.
8.    Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis Umar, S., et al., Phytomedicine, 2014. 21(6): p. 847-856.
9.    Boswellia serrata and colon cancer: Evidence based approach for treatment Ahmed, H., et al., Planta Medica, 2014. 80(16): p. 1545-1545.
10.    Beckmann rearrangement products of methyl 3-oxo-tirucall-8, -.d.-.-o.f.B.s.g.a.t.a.-t.a.S., Suvarna, et al., Phytochemistry Letters, 2014. 7: p. 114-119.
11.    A randomized, d.b., placebo controlled, cross over study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Boswellia serrata in healthy volunteers using mechanical pain model Prabhavathi, K., et al., Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2014. 46(5): p. 476-479.
12.    The effect of Boswellia Serrata on neurorecovery following diffuse axonal injury Moein, P., et al., Brain Injury, 2013. 27(12): p. 1454-1460.
13.    Long-term efficacy of Boswellia serrata in 4 patients with chronic cluster headache Lampl, C., B. Haider, and C. Schweiger, Journal of Headache and Pain, 2013. 14.
14.    In vitro metabolism, p., and brain availability of six major boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata gum resins Gerbeth, Kathleen, et al., Fitoterapia, 2013. 84: p. 99-106.
15.    Enhanced Anticancer Potential of Encapsulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of TPD: A Novel Triterpenediol from Boswellia serrata Bhushan, S., et al., Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2013. 10(1): p. 225-235.
16.    Clinical evaluation of a formulation containing Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts in the management of knee osteoarthritis Kizhakkedath, R., Molecular Medicine Reports, 2013. 8(5): p. 1542-1548.
17.    A Randomized, D.B., Placebo Controlled, Cross Over Study to Evaluate the Analgesic Activity of Boswellia Serrata (shallaki((R))) in Healthy Volunteers Usingmechanical Pain Model Prabhavathi, K., et al., Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2013. 45: p. S47-S48.
18.    Proteoglycans from Boswellia serrata Roxb. and B. carteri Birdw. and identification of a proteolytic plant basic secretory protein Herrmann, A., et al., Glycobiology, 2012. 22(11): p. 1424-1439.
19.    Long-term efficacy of Boswellia serrata in four patients with chronic cluster headache Lampl, C., B. Haider, and C. Schweiger, Cephalalgia, 2012. 32(9): p. 719-722.
20.    Influence of organic supplements on accumulation of beta-boswellic acid, a.-b.-b.a., 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid and acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid in callus culture of Boswellia serrata Roxb Ghorpade, Ravi, A. Chopra, and T. Nikam, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2012. 34(6): p. 2275-2283.
21.    Effect of Phospholipid-Based Formulations of Boswellia serrata Extract on the Solubility, P., and Absorption of the Individual Boswellic Acid Constituents Present Huesch, Jan, et al., Journal of Natural Products, 2012. 75(10): p. 1675-1682.
22.    Effect of Boswellia serrata on Antioxidant Status in an Experimental Model of Colitis Rats Induced by Acetic Acid Hartmann, R.M., et al., Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2012. 57(8): p. 2038-2044.
23.    DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BOSWELLIA SERRATA ROXB. OLEO GUM IN NORMAL ALBINO RATS Asif, M., et al., Value in Health, 2012. 15(7): p. A644-A644.
24.    Boswellia serrata and Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts reduce DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by TGF-beta 1 downregulation Sferra, R., et al., European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2012. 16(11): p. 1484-1498.
25.    Biopriming of micropropagated Boswellia serrata Roxb. plantlets-Role of endophytic root fungus Piriformospora indica Suthar, R.K. and S.D. Purohit, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2012. 11(3): p. 304-308.
26.    Aqueous extract of gum olibanum (Boswellia serrata): A reductant and stabilizer for the biosynthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles Kora, A.J., R.B. Sashidhar, and J. Arunachalam, Process Biochemistry, 2012. 47(10): p. 1516-1520.
27.    An improved method of DNA isolation from polysaccharide rich leaves of Boswellia serrata Roxb Sharma, P. and S.D. Purohit, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2012. 11(1): p. 67-71.
28.    A Thin-layer Chromatography Method for the Identification of Three Different Olibanum Resins (Boswellia serrata, B.p.a.B.c., respectively, Boswellia sacra) Paul, Michael, et al., Phytochemical Analysis, 2012. 23(2): p. 184-189.
29.    The effect of Boswellia serrata on Giardia duodenalis Hahn, J., A. Aebischer, and H. Kolodziej, Planta Medica, 2011. 77(12): p. 1404-1404.
30.    Randomized, P.-c., Double-blind Trial of Boswellia serrata in Maintaining Remission of Crohn's Disease: Good Safety Profile but Lack of Efficacy Holtmeier, Wolfgang, et al., Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2011. 17(2): p. 573-582.
31.    Prevention of multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes in mice by an extract from gum resin of Boswellia serrata (BE) Shehata, A.M., et al., Phytomedicine, 2011. 18(12): p. 1037-1044.
32.    Prevention of multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) induced diabetes in mice by extract from gum resin of boswellia serrata and 11-keto-B-boswellic acids Ammon, H.P. and A.M. Shehata, Diabetologia, 2011. 54: p. S184-S184.
33.    Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids (vol 17, p., 2010) Ammon, H. P. T., Phytomedicine, 2011. 18(4): p. 334-334.
34.    Influence of biotic and abiotic elicitors on four major isomers of boswellic acid in callus culture of Boswellia serrata Roxb Ghorpade, R.P., A. Chopra, and T.D. Nikam, Plant Omics, 2011. 4(4): p. 169-176.
35.    Influence of agar concentration and liquid medium on in vitro propagation of Boswellia serrata Roxb Suthar, R.K., N. Habibi, and S.D. Purohit, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2011. 10(2): p. 224-227.
36.    Immunological adjuvant effect of Boswellia serrata (BOS 2000) on specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin in mice Gupta, A., et al., International Immunopharmacology, 2011. 11(8): p. 968-975.
37.    Gum resin of Boswellia serrata inhibited human monocytic (THP-1) cell activation and platelet aggregation Kokkiripati, P.K., et al., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011. 137(1): p. 893-901.
38.    Effects of Boswellia serrata on Survival und Tumor control in irradiated Brain tumor patients Kirste, S., et al., Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie, 2011. 187: p. 65-66.
39.    Effect of oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia serrata (Kundur) on renal functions in Albino rats Alam, M., K. Javed, and M.A. Jafri, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2011. 10(4): p. 736-740.
40.    Complete Structural Assignment of Serratol, a.C.-T.D.f.B.s., and Evaluation of Its Antiprotozoal Activity Schmidt, Thomas J., M. Kaiser, and R. Brun, Planta Medica, 2011. 77(8): p. 849-850.
41.    Cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effect of Aflapin: a novel Boswellia serrata extract Sengupta, K., et al., Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2011. 354(1-2): p. 189-197.
42.    Boswellia serrata , a.p.a.a.A.o.S., M. Z., Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011. 73(3): p. 255-261.
43.    Boswellia serrata An Overall Assessment of In Vitro, P., Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Data Abdel-Tawab, Mona, O. Werz, and M. Schubert-Zsilavecz, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2011. 50(6): p. 349-369.
44.    Boswellia serrata Acts on Cerebral Edema in Patients Irradiated for Brain Tumors A Prospective, R., Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Trial Kirste, Simon, et al., Cancer, 2011. 117(16): p. 3788-3795.
45.    Antistaphylococcal and biofilm inhibitory activities of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata Raja, A.F., et al., Bmc Microbiology, 2011. 11.
46.    Antiarthritic Activity of a Standardized, M., Ayurvedic Formulation containing Boswellia serrata: In Vitro Studies on Knee Cartilage from Osteoarthritis Patients Sumantran, V. N., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2011. 25(9): p. 1375-1380.
47.    Role of the methanolic extracts of Boswellia serrata and Lavandula angustifolia on apomorphine induced ejaculation in male Wistar rats Zaringhalam, J., et al., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010. 4(11): p. 1073-1080.
48.    Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and boswellic acids Ammon, H.P.T., Phytomedicine, 2010. 17(11): p. 862-867.
49.    Temporary Anti-Cancer & Anti-Pain Effects of Mechanical Stimulation of Any One of 3 Front Teeth (1st Incisor, n.I., & Canine) of Right & Left Side of Upper & Lower Jaws and Their Possible Mechanism, & Relatively Long Term Disappearance of Pain & Cancer Parameters by One Optimal Dose of DHEA, Astragalus, Boswellia Serrata, often with Press Needle Stimulation of True ST. 36 Omura, Yoshiaki, et al., Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, 2009. 34(3-4): p. 175-203.
50.    Studies on non-traditional seed oil of Boswellia serrata Banerjee, A. and K. Banerjee, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2009. 86(3): p. 296-297.
51.    Stability Study on Boswellia serrata (Hydro-alcoholic) Extract Sahoo, N.K., S. Sarkar, and B. Patwardhan, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2009. 21(5): p. 3529-3534.
52.    Stability Study on Boswellia serrata (Hydro-alcoholic) Extract (vol 21, p., 2009) Sahoo, Narendra Kumar, S. Sarkar, and B. Patwardhan, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2009. 21(7): p. 5702-5702.
53.    Boswellia (Boswellia serrata) Cassileth, B., Oncology-New York, 2009. 23(12): p. 1108-1108.
54.    Antiinflammatory Activity of Defatted Extract of Oleo Gum Resin of Boswellia serrata Kaushik, N., et al., Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2009. 21(5): p. 4121-4123.
55.    Activation of p53/p21/PUMA Alliance and Disruption of PI-3/Akt in Multimodal Targeting of Apoptotic Signaling Cascades in Cervical Cancer Cells by a Pentacyclic Triterpenediol From Boswellia serrata Bhushan, et al., Molecular Carcinogenesis, 2009. 48(12): p. 1093-1108.
56.    The gastric ulcer protective effect of boswellic acids, a.l.i.f.B.s., in rats Singh, S., et al., Phytomedicine, 2008. 15(6-7): p. 408-415.
57.    serrata, B., Alternative Medicine Review, 2008. 13(2): p. 165-167.
58.    Pharmacological profile of boswellieacids obtained from Boswellia serrata as a new type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Singh, G.B., Phytomedicine, 2008. 15(6-7): p. 544-545.
59.    Immunomodulatory activity of biopolymeric fraction BOS 2000 from Boswellia serrata Khajuria, A., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2008. 22(3): p. 340-348.
60.    Genotoxicity studies of dry extract of Boswellia serrata Magesh, V., D. Raman, and K.T. Pudupalayam, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2008. 7(4): p. 1129-1135.
61.    Comparison of the irritation potentials of Boswellia serrata gum resin and of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid by in vitro cytotoxicity tests on human skin-derived cell lines Burlando, B., et al., Toxicology Letters, 2008. 177(2): p. 144-149.
62.    Boswellia serrata extract for the treatment of collagenous colitis a double-blind randomized, p.-c., multicenter trial Madisch, A., et al., Phytomedicine, 2008. 15(6-7): p. 543-543.
63.    A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of boswellic acids from the market formulations containing Boswellia serrata extract Shah, S.A., et al., Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2008. 46(8): p. 735-738.
64.    Volatile constituents of natural Boswellia serrata oleo-gum-resin and commercial samples Singh, B., et al., Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2007. 22(2): p. 145-147.
65.    Pure compound from Boswellia serrata extract exhibits anti-inflammatory property in human PBMCs and mouse macrophages through inhibition of TNF alpha, I.-b., NO and MAP kinases Gayathri, B., et al., International Immunopharmacology, 2007. 7(4): p. 473-482.
66.    Phytochemical analysis and comparison for differentiation of Boswellia carterii and B. serrata Hanus, L.O., et al., Natural Product Communications, 2007. 2(2): p. 139-142.
67.    Open, r., controlled clinical trial of Boswellia serrata extract as compared to valdecoxib in osteoarthritis of knee Sontakke, S., et al., Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2007. 39(1): p. 27-29.
68.    Estimation of boswellic acids from market formulations of Boswellia serrata extract and 11-keto beta-boswellic acid in human plasma by high-performance thin-layer chromatography Shah, S.A., et al., Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2007. 848(2): p. 232-238.
69.    Comparative isolation and structural investigations of polysaccharides from Boswellia serrata ROXB. and Boswellia carteri BIRDW Herrmann, A., M. Lechtenberg, and A. Hensel, Planta Medica, 2007. 73(9): p. 815-815.
70.    Boswellia serrata extract for the treatment of collagenous colitis. A double-blind, r., placebo-controlled, multicenter trial Madisch, Ahmed, et al., International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 2007. 22(12): p. 1445-1451.
71.    A triterpenediol from Boswellia serrata induces apoptosis through both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells Bhushan, S., et al., Apoptosis, 2007. 12(10): p. 1911-1926.
72.    Separation and quantification of terpenoids of Boswellia serrata Roxb. extract by planar chromatography techniques (TLC and AMD) Pozharitskaya, O.N., et al., Journal of Separation Science, 2006. 29(14): p. 2245-2250.
73.    Safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel, s.-O.-a.-.-k.-b.-b.a.A.-e.B.s.e.-L.R.L., K., et al., Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2006. 16(4): p. 199-226.
74.    Effect of Boswellia serrata on intestinal motility in rodents: inhibition of diarrhoea without constipation Borrelli, F., et al., British Journal of Pharmacology, 2006. 148(4): p. 553-560.
75.    A new euphane triterpene and a lipid diester from oleo-gum resin of Boswellia serrata Singh, T. and R.S. Bhakuni, Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 2006. 45(4): p. 976-979.
76.    A new euphane triterpene and a lipid constituent from the bark of Boswellia serrata Singh, T. and R.S. Bhakuni, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2006. 83(6): p. 588-590.
77.    Reproductive biology of Boswellia serrata, t.s.o.s.g., an important gum-resin Sunnichan, V. G., H.Y.M. Ram, and K.R. Shivanna, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005. 147(1): p. 73-82.
78.    Effects of Boswellia serrata in mouse models of chemically induced colitis Kiela, P.R., et al., American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2005. 288(4): p. G798-G808.
79.    Boswellia serrata extract for the treatment of collagenous colitis: a randomized, d.-b., placebo-controlled, multicenter trial Madisch, A., et al., Gastroenterology, 2005. 128(4): p. A581-A581.
80.    Pentacyclic triterpenes from Boswellia serrata inhibit I kappa B kinase alpha and induce apoptosis in chemoresistaint prostate cancer cells Syrovets, T., et al., Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 2004. 369: p. R10-R10.
81.    Isolation and HPLC estimation of six boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata extract Subbaraju, G.V., et al., Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2004. 16(3-4): p. 1824-1832.
82.    Effects of Boswellia serrata aqueous extract during lactation on increasing power of learning and memory in adult rat offsprings Nahangi, H. and M. Hosseinisharifabad, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2004. 54(1-2): p. 190-191.
83.    Allergic contact dermatitis from Boswellia serrata extract in a naturopathic cream Acebo, E., et al., Contact Dermatitis, 2004. 51(2): p. 91-92.
84.    Structural analysis of pentacyclic triterpenes from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata by NMR spectroscopy Belsner, K., et al., Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2003. 41(2): p. 115-122.
85.    Structural analysis of 3-alpha-acetyl-20(29)-lupene-24-oic acid, a.n.p.t.i.f.t.g.r.o.B.s., by NMR spectroscopy Belsner, K., et al., Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2003. 41(8): p. 629-632.
86.    Hydrotropic solubilization of boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata resin Raman, G. and V.G. Gaikar, Langmuir, 2003. 19(19): p. 8026-8032.
87.    Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract treatment of osteoarthritis of knee - A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial Kimmatkar, N., et al., Phytomedicine, 2003. 10(1): p. 3-7.
88.    Capillary electrochromatography of boswellic acids in Boswellia serrata Roxb Ganzera, M., et al., Journal of Separation Science, 2003. 26(15-16): p. 1383-1388.
89.    Volatile constituents of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Burseraceae) bark Kasali, A.A., et al., Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2002. 17(6): p. 462-464.
90.    Safety of the Boswellia serrata extract H15 - Long-term observation over 6 years Buvari, P.G., F.C. Seifert, and H. Gerhardt. Autoimmune Diseases in Pediatric Gastroenterology, ed. F. Hadziselimovic. Vol. 127. 2002. 213-213.
91.    Therapy of active Crohn's disease with Boswellia serrata extract H15 Gerhardt, H., et al., Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie, 2001. 39(1): p. 11-17.
92.    Therapeutic benefit of Boswellia serrata extract H15 Gerhardt, H., Medizinische Welt, 2001. 52(1-2): p. 37-39.
93.    Molecular characterization of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and their cytotoxic effects on glioma cell lines Beisner, K., et al., Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 2001. 363(4): p. R14-R14.
94.    High-performance thin layer chromatographic analysis of anti-inflammatory triterpenoids from Boswellia serrata Roxb Krohn, K., et al., Phytochemical Analysis, 2001. 12(6): p. 374-376.
95.    Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis Gupta, I., et al., Planta Medica, 2001. 67(5): p. 391-395.
96.    Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, a.c.o.a.h.m.f.B.s.r., attenuates experimental ileitis Krieglstein, C. F., et al., International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 2001. 16(2): p. 88-95.
97.    A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of boswellic acids in Boswellia serrata Ganzera, M. and I.A. Khan, Planta Medica, 2001. 67(8): p. 778-780.
98.    Juvenomimetic activity of the gumoleoresin of Boswellia serrata Dennis, T.J., et al., Fitoterapia, 1999. 70(3): p. 308-310.
99.    Ultrastructure of the epithelial cells and oleo-gumresin secretion in Boswellia serrata (Burseraceae) Nair, M.N.B. and S.V. Subrahmanyam, Iawa Journal, 1998. 19(4): p. 415-427.
100.    Is H15 (Extract of Boswellia serrata, i.a.e.s.t.e.d.t.i.R.-R.o.a.d.b.p.t.S., O., G. Herborn, and R. Rau, Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie, 1998. 57(1): p. 11-16.
101.    Inhibitory activity of boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata against human leukemia HL-60 cells in culture Shao, Y., et al., Planta Medica, 1998. 64(4): p. 328-331.
102.    Identification of a genuine triterpene from the gum of Boswellia serrata with 5-lipoxygenase activity stabilizing properties Boden, S.E., et al., Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 1998. 357(4): p. R40-R40.
103.    Symposium on Salai Guggal Boswellia serrata, H.S., Germany 3rd-7th September, 1995 - Introduction - Salai Guggal Boswellia serrata: From a herbal medicine to a specific inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis Ammon, H. P. T., Phytomedicine, 1996. 3(1): p. 67-70.
104.    Special extract of Boswellia serrata (H 15) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis Etzel, R., Phytomedicine, 1996. 3(1): p. 91-94.
105.    Immunomodulatory activity of Boswellic acids (Pentacyclic triterpene acids) from Boswellia serrata Sharma, M.L., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 1996. 10(2): p. 107-112.
106.    Effects of Boswellic acid of Boswellia serrata and other triterpenic acids on the complement system Knaus, U. and H. Wagner, Phytomedicine, 1996. 3(1): p. 77-80.
107.    Alcoholic extract of salai-guggal ex-Boswellia serrata, a.n.n.s.n.S., G. B., S. Singh, and S. Bani, Drugs of Today, 1996. 32(2): p. 109-112.
108.    IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA ROXB Purohit, S.D., K. Tak, and G. Kukda, Biologia Plantarum, 1995. 37(3): p. 335-340.
109.    CARBOHYDRATE CONTENTS OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA Gangwal, M.L. and D.K. Vardhan, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 1995. 7(3): p. 677-678.
110.    ANTIFUNGAL STUDIES OF VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA Gangwal, M.L. and D.K. Vardhan, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 1995. 7(3): p. 675-676.
111.    2 TRITERPENOIDS FROM BOSWELLIA-SERRATA GUM RESIN Mahajan, B., et al., Phytochemistry, 1995. 39(2): p. 453-455.
112.    ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE OF A 4-O-METHYL-GLUCURONOARABINOGALACTAN FROM BOSWELLIA-SERRATA Sen, A.K., et al., Carbohydrate Research, 1992. 223: p. 321-327.
113.    INHIBITION OF LEUKOTRIENE-B4 FORMATION IN RAT PERITONEAL NEUTROPHILS BY AN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE GUM RESIN EXUDATE OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA Ammon, H.P.T., et al., Planta Medica, 1991. 57(3): p. 203-207.
114.    EFFECT OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE GUM OLEORESIN OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA ROXB ON THE GONADS OF MALE DYSDERCUS-SIMILIS F Rao, D.R. and A. Kaur, Current Science, 1989. 58(14): p. 822-824.
115.    EFFECT OF SALAI GUGGAL EX BOSWELLIA-SERRATA ON CELLULAR AND HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION Sharma, M.L., et al., Agents and Actions, 1988. 24(1-2): p. 161-164.
116.    PHARMACOLOGY OF AN EXTRACT OF SALAI GUGGAL EX-BOSWELLIA-SERRATA, A.N.N.A.A.S., G. B. and C.K. Atal, Agents and Actions, 1986. 18(3-4): p. 407-412.
117.    TETRACYCLIC TRITERPENE ACIDS FROM RESIN OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA ROXB Pardhy, R.S. and S.C. Bhattacharyya, Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1978. 16(3): p. 174-175.
118.    STRUCTURE OF SERRATOL, A.N.D.C.A.F.B.-S.R.P., R. S. and S.C. Bhattacharyya, Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1978. 16(3): p. 171-173.
119.    BETA-BOSWELLIC ACID, A.-B.-B.A., ACETYL-II-KETO-BETA-BOSWELLIC ACID AND II-KETO-BETA-BOSWELLIC ACID, 4 PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE ACIDS FROM RESIN OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA ROXB Pardhy, R. S. and S.C. Bhattacharyya, Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1978. 16(3): p. 176-178.
120.    ANALGESIC AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GUM RESIN OF BOSWELLIA-SERRATA Menon, M.K. and A. Kar, Planta Medica, 1971. 19(4): p. 333-&.
121.    ANALGESIC EFFECT OF GUM RESIN OF BOSWELLIA SERRATA ROXB Kar, A. and M.K. Menon, Life Sciences Part 1 Physiology and Pharmacology and Part 2 Biochemistry General and Molecular Biology, 1969. 8(19P1): p. 1023-&.
122.    COMPONENT FATTY ACIDS OF SEED OIL OF BOSWELLIA SERRATA (ROXB) Bhakare, H.A. and C.V.N. Rao, Current Science, 1967. 36(24): p. 668-&.
123.    PHYTOSTEROL - BETA-SITOSTEROL FROM BOSWELLIA SERRATA ROXB Beri, R.M. and M.G. Karnik, Current Science, 1963. 32(7): p. 324-&.

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