Millettia pinnata (L.) PanigrahiSynonyms: Cytisus pinnatus L., Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet, Galedupa indica Lam. Galedupa pinnata (L.) Taub., Pongamia glabra Vent., Pongamia mitis Kurz, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
Family: Fabaceae
It is often known by the synonym Pongamia pinnata as it was moved to the genus Millettia only recently.
Arabic: بونغاميا ريشية Assamese: karchaw
Bengali: করঞ্জ karanja
Chinese: 水黄皮
Filipino/Tagalog - Balok-balok
French: Le Karanj
Gujarati: કરંજ karanja
Hindi: करंज karanj, पापड़ papar, सुखचैन sukhchain, व्याघ्रनखी vyaghranakhi
Kannada: ಹೊಮ್ಗೆ homge Javanese – Bangkong, Bangkongan , Karum oil tree, Karum tree, Kepik
Konkani: करंजी karamji
Malayalam: പൊങ്ങ് pong, ഉങ്ങ് ung,
Malaysian – Mempari, Pari-pari
Marathi: करज karaja, करंज karanja
Oriya: koranjo
Prakrit: करंज karamja
Russian - Каранджа
Sanskrit: करञ्ज karañja, नक्तमाला naktamala
Sundanese - Ki Pahang, Ki pahang laut
Tamil: புன்கு punku, புன்னை punnai, நத்தம் nattam, நீர்ப்புன்கு nir-p-punku, தட்டைப்புன்கு tattai-p-punku
Telugu: కానుగ kanuga, Ganuga (గానుగ)
Thai - Pawda paki, Ra yot, หยีน้ำ
Vietnamese: Đậu dầu
Ayurvedic uses: Vrana, Krimi, Kushta,krimiroga, prameha, dushta vrana, yoni roga, antravidradhi.
The plant is rich in flavonoids and related compounds. Seeds and seed oil, flowers and stem bark yield karanjin, pongapin, pongaglabrone, kanugin, desmethoxykanugin and pinnatin. Seed and its oil also contain kanjone, isolonchocarpin, karanjachromene, isopongachromene, glabrin, glabrachalcone, glabrachromene, isopongaflavone, pongol, 2’- methoxy-furano[2”,3”:7,8]-flavone and phospholipids. Stem-bark gives pongachromene, pongaflavone, tetra-O-methylfisetin, glabra I and II, lanceolatin B, gamatin, 5-methoxyfurano [2”,3”:7,8]-flavone, 5-methoxy-3’,4’-methelenedioxyfurano[2”,3”:7,8]-flavone and a- sitosterol. Heartwood yields chromenochalcones and flavones. Flowers are reported to contain kanjone, gamatin, glabra saponin, kaempferol, g-sitosterol, quercetin glycocides, pongaglabol, isopongaglabol, 6-methoxy isopongaglabol, lanceolatin B, 5-methoxy-3’,4’- methelenedioxyfurano[8,7:4”,5”]-flavone, fisetin tetramethyl ether, isolonchocarpin, ovalichromene B, pongamol, ovalitenon, two triterpenes- cycloart-23-ene,3b,25 diol and friedelin and a dipeptide aurantinamide acetate. Roots and leaves give kanugin, desmethoxykanugin and pinnatin. Roots also yield a flavonol methyl ether-tetra-O-methyl fisetin. The leaves contain triterpenoids, glabrachromenes I and II, 3’-methoxypongapin and 4’-methoxyfurano[2”,3”:7,8]-flavone also. The gum reported to yield polysaccharides (Thakur et al, 1989; Husain et al, 1992). Seeds, seed oil and leaves are carminative, antiseptic, anthelmintic and antirheumatic. Leaves are digestive, laxative, antidiarrhoeal, bechic, antigonorrheic and antileprotic. Seeds are haematinic, bitter and acrid. Seed oil is styptic and depurative. Karanjin is the principle responsible for the curative properties of the oil. Bark is sweet, anthelmintic and elexteric. [Medicinal Plants, Kerala Ag. Univ).
Oil—applied in scabies, herpes, leucoderma and other cutaneous diseases; over chest in pneumonia and cold; also used internally as cholagogue in sluggish liver. Leaves—juice is prescribed in flatulence, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and cough. An infusion is given for leprosy and gonorrhoea. Root— a paste is used in scrofulous enlargements; juice is used for cleaning foul ulcers and closing fistulous sores. Stem bark—given internally in bleeding piles. Rind of pod and seed—prescribed in bronchitis and whooping cough. Leaf and seed—antileprotic. Leaf and seed oil—antirheumatic. The tree is rich in flavonoids and related compounds. These include simple flavones, furanoflavonoids, chromenoflavones, chromenochalcones, coumarones, flavone glucosides, sterols, triterpenes and amodified phenylalanine dipeptide. Seeds and seed oil gave karanjin, pongamol, pongapin and kanjone. The aqueous extract of stem bark shows significant sedative and antipyretic effects in rats, and antispasmodic effect in vitro on smooth muscles. In Indonesia, a decoction of the bark is drunk after child birth. The aqueous extract of seeds showed significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses HSV- and cell lines experimentally. Albino rats, treated with the aqueous extract of seeds, recovered faster from induced infection and skin-burn than the untreated ones.
Siddha Uses: Ilai, Irumal, Murchai, Pun, Varadcuram, vaata kunmam, Vaayu, Kanni, Kan noy, Karappan, Padai.
Unani uses: Bhagandar, Bawaseer, Suzak, Sara, Zakhm Mutaafiin, Surat-e-inzal, Suzak, Bawaseer wa Bhagandar, Hikka, Hirqat-ul-Baul, Surfa, Nafs-ud-dam.
The plant is rich in flavonoids and related compounds. Seeds and seed oil, flowers and stem bark yield karanjin, pongapin, pongaglabrone, kanugin, desmethoxykanugin and pinnatin. Seed and its oil also contain kanjone, isolonchocarpin, karanjachromene, isopongachromene, glabrin, glabrachalcone, glabrachromene, isopongaflavone, pongol, 2’- methoxy-furano[2”,3”:7,8]-flavone and phospholipids. Stem-bark gives pongachromene, pongaflavone, tetra-O-methylfisetin, glabra I and II, lanceolatin B, gamatin, 5-methoxyfurano [2”,3”:7,8]-flavone, 5-methoxy-3’,4’-methelenedioxyfurano[2”,3”:7,8]-flavone and a- sitosterol. Heartwood yields chromenochalcones and flavones. Flowers are reported to contain kanjone, gamatin, glabra saponin, kaempferol, g-sitosterol, quercetin glycocides, pongaglabol, isopongaglabol, 6-methoxy isopongaglabol, lanceolatin B, 5-methoxy-3’,4’- methelenedioxyfurano[8,7:4”,5”]-flavone, fisetin tetramethyl ether, isolonchocarpin, ovalichromene B, pongamol, ovalitenon, two triterpenes- cycloart-23-ene,3b,25 diol and friedelin and a dipeptide aurantinamide acetate. Roots and leaves give kanugin, desmethoxykanugin and pinnatin. Roots also yield a flavonol methyl ether-tetra-O-methyl fisetin. The leaves contain triterpenoids, glabrachromenes I and II, 3’-methoxypongapin and 4’-methoxyfurano[2”,3”:7,8]-flavone also. The gum reported to yield polysaccharides (Thakur et al, 1989; Husain et al, 1992). Seeds, seed oil and leaves are carminative, antiseptic, anthelmintic and antirheumatic. Leaves are digestive, laxative, antidiarrhoeal, bechic, antigonorrheic and antileprotic. Seeds are haematinic, bitter and acrid. Seed oil is styptic and depurative. Karanjin is the principle responsible for the curative properties of the oil. Bark is sweet, anthelmintic and elexteric. [Medicinal Plants, Kerala Ag. Univ).
Oil—applied in scabies, herpes, leucoderma and other cutaneous diseases; over chest in pneumonia and cold; also used internally as cholagogue in sluggish liver. Leaves—juice is prescribed in flatulence, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and cough. An infusion is given for leprosy and gonorrhoea. Root— a paste is used in scrofulous enlargements; juice is used for cleaning foul ulcers and closing fistulous sores. Stem bark—given internally in bleeding piles. Rind of pod and seed—prescribed in bronchitis and whooping cough. Leaf and seed—antileprotic. Leaf and seed oil—antirheumatic. The tree is rich in flavonoids and related compounds. These include simple flavones, furanoflavonoids, chromenoflavones, chromenochalcones, coumarones, flavone glucosides, sterols, triterpenes and amodified phenylalanine dipeptide. Seeds and seed oil gave karanjin, pongamol, pongapin and kanjone. The aqueous extract of stem bark shows significant sedative and antipyretic effects in rats, and antispasmodic effect in vitro on smooth muscles. In Indonesia, a decoction of the bark is drunk after child birth. The aqueous extract of seeds showed significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses HSV- and cell lines experimentally. Albino rats, treated with the aqueous extract of seeds, recovered faster from induced infection and skin-burn than the untreated ones.
Siddha Uses: Ilai, Irumal, Murchai, Pun, Varadcuram, vaata kunmam, Vaayu, Kanni, Kan noy, Karappan, Padai.
Unani uses: Bhagandar, Bawaseer, Suzak, Sara, Zakhm Mutaafiin, Surat-e-inzal, Suzak, Bawaseer wa Bhagandar, Hikka, Hirqat-ul-Baul, Surfa, Nafs-ud-dam.
337 Published scholarly articles
