Bixa orellana L.Family: Bixaceae
Common names: Annato, Annatto, Annatto Plant, Annatto Tree, Arnatto, Arnotto Dye Plant, Lipstick Plant, Lipstick Tree, Lipsticktree, Yellow Dye.
Vernacular names: Arabic: Galuga; Bangladesh: Latkan, Utkana; Brazil: Acafroa, Acafrao Do Brasil, Acafroeira, Da Terra, Anato, Annato, Anoto, Colorau, Urucu, Urucu, Urucu Bravo, Urucu Da Mata, Urucu-Bravo, Urucu, Urucum (Portuguese); Bulgarian: Achiote, Ačiote, Aчиoтe; Chamorro: Achiote, Achoti; Chinese: Hong Mu, Yan Zhi Mu, Yan Zhi Shu; Columbia: Achihuite; Cook Islands: ‘Uaeva (Maori); Côte d’Ivoire: Kuiguehe (Kru-Guere); Creole: Chiot, Woukou Rocou; Czech: Annata; Danish: Annatobusken, Orleantra, Smorfarvetra; Dutch: Achiote, Anatto, Annotto, Orleaan, Rocou; Eastonian: Annatopoosa, Varvibiksa; Fijian: Nggesa, Nggisa, Qesa; Finnish: Annaatto; French: Achiote, Annato, Atole, Rocou, Rocouyer, Roucou, Roucou (West Indies), Roucouyer; German: Anatto, Anattosamen, Anattostrauch, Annatto, Annattosamen, Orleansamen, Orleansbaum, Orleansstrauch, Orleanstrauch, Orleanstrauch Orlean-Strauch; Ghana: Daagyene, Konin (Akan-Asante), Dagyiri (Brong), A’jama (Ga), Bernitiku (Gbe- Vhe), Brsfo Agyama (Twi), Daagyeni (Wasa); Guatemala: Achiote (Mayan); Guinea-Bissau: Djanfarana (Crioulo), Djambarana (Fula-Pulaar); Hawaiian: ‘Alaea, ‘Alaea La‘Au, Kūmauna; Hungarian: Bjoul, Orleanfa, Orleanfa, Ruku; India: Jolandhar, Jorot Goch (Assamese), Kong, Kuombi, Latkan, Lotkan, Sindure (Bengali), Sinduri (Gujarati), Gowpurgee, Latkan, Latkhan, Senduria, Sinduria, Sinduriya, Vatkana (Hindi), Aarnatu, Arnattu, Bangaara Kaayi Bangarakayi, Bhangarakai, Bhangarakayi, Chaayulitha, Chayalitha, Jaaphra, Jaaphredu, Japhredu, Japrero, Kappu Mankaali, Kappumankala, Kesari, Kesari Rangu, Kuppamanhale, Rangamalar, Rangamali, Ranggida, Rangoomalai, Rangu Maale, Rangu Malle, Rangumale, Rungamali, Sannajabbale, Sannajapali (Kannada), Korangumunga, Korungoomungal, Kurangamanchil, Kurannamannal, Kurannumannal, Kuppamanjal, Kuppamannal (Malayalam), Ureirom (Manipuri), Kaesari, Kesari, Keshri, Kesui, Kesuri, Kisri, Sendri, Shendri, (Marathi), Rawngsen (Mizoram), Jampra, Lotkons, Rawngsen (Oriya), Karachhada, Raktabija, Raktapushpa, Shonapushpi, Sindurapuspi, Sinduri, Sindurpushpi, Sunomala, Trivapushpi, Virpushpa (Sanskrit), Amudadaram, Amutataram, Amuttaram, Amuttiram, Aruna, Avam, Camankalikam, Cappira, Cappiran, Carani, Caruni, Curanacanimaram, Curattunacani, Irakumancal, Iram, Jaffra-Maram, Japhara, Kantukam, Karankumankal, Konkamaram, Konkaram, Konkaramam, Konkaramaram, Konkarayam, Konkari, Kunkumam, Kunguman, Kuppaimancal, Kurakumancal, Kurankumancal, Mancatti, Mancitti, Manjitti, Nakamucikai, Nakamucikaimaram, Naravam, Naravu, Naravucaram, Punkavi, Sabara, Sappiravirai, Sappiravirai, Tumpacitamaram, Turumam, Uragumanjai, Uragumanjal, Varagumanjalmantiravanci, Vennaivirai (Tamil), Jaabara, Jaabura, Jaapharaa Chettu, Jabaru Kaya, Jabura, Jaffra, Jaffrachettu, Jafra (Telugu); Indonesian: Galuga, Galinggem (Sundanese), Galuga, Kasumba Kling, Pachar Kling, Somba Kling; Italian: Annatto, Anotto; Japanese: Achiote, Anatoo, Anatto, Beni No Ki, Beninoki; Khmer: Cham´ Puu, Cham´ Puu Chraluek; Korean: A Chi O Te, A Na To, A-Ci-O-Te, A-Na-To, Achiote, Anato, Bik Sa Sok; Laotian: Kh´Am, Somz Phuu, Satii; Malaysia: Jarak Belanda, Kesum, Kesumba, Kesumba Kling, Kunyit Jawa, Sumpeh, Suntak; Nahuatl: Achiote, Achiote Caspi, Achiotl; Nepalese: Sindur, Sindure; Nigeria: Uhie, Uhie (Igbo), Ufie, Uhia Nkum (Igbo-Ibusa), Ula, Ula Machuku (Igbo-Onitsha), Uhie Ņkū, Uhie (Igbo-Umuahia), OVun Bukẹ (Yoruba); Palauan: Burek, Burk; Panama: Achote; Papua New Guinea: Pen; Philippines: Achuete (Bikol), Sotis (Cebu Bisaya), Asoti (Ibanag), Achiti, Achuete, Asuite, Atsuite (Iloko), Apatut (Gaddang), Achuete (Panay Bisaya), Chotes (Samar-Leyte Bisaya), Achuete, Atsiute (Sambali), Chanang, Janang (Sulu), Achote, Achoete, Achuete, Asuti, Atseuete (Tagalog); Polish: Arnota, Arnota Właściwa; Portuguese: Acafroa, Acafroa Do Brasil, Acafroeira-Da-Terra, Acafroa-Do-Brasil; Puerto Rico: Anatta, Annato, Bija, Bija, Bijol, Chacuanguarica, Pumacua; Russian: Achiote, Annato, Biksa, Biksa Orel´Ina, Pomadnoe Derevo; Samoan: Loa, Loa; Serbian: Orlean-Drvo; Sierra Leone: Yellow Dye (English), Kamgo- Poto (Bulom-Kim), Bundu (Kono), Red-Red (Krio), Kudonia (Limba-Tonko), Mbundona (Loko), Mbunds, Pu-Bunds (Mende), Kamonyi (Susu), Lugbagbel-La (Susu-Dyalonke) A-Kam- A-Loli (Temne); Slovak: Anatto; Spanish: Achioytello, Roucou; Swahili: Mzingefuri; Swedish: Annattobuske; Tahitian: ‘Uaefa; Thai: Kam Set, Kam Saed, Kam Tai, Kham Faet, Kham Ngae, Kham Ngo, Kham Saet (Bangkok), Kham Thai, Sati; Togo: Berniticu (Gbe-Vhe), Kirane (Tem- Tshaudjo); Turkish: Arnatto; Venezuela: Onoto; Vietnamese: Dieu Nhuom, Ht Iu Mau, Siem Phung; Yapese: Rang. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants]Bixa orellana (achiote, kachá) Family Bixaceae Shrub or small tree 2–10 m, sap orange. Leaves alternate, stalk 2–10 cm long, blade 5–20 cm long, 3–18 cm wide, heartshaped to broadly elliptical, tip pointed, veins palmate at base, pinnate above, shiny green. Flowers white or pink, radially symmetrical, about 5 cm wide, showy, petals 5, 2–3 cm long, broadest near apex, slightly overlapping, anthers numerous, yellow; inflorescence of branched clusters, pollinated by bees; blooms Aug.–Feb. Fruit becoming dry, dark red, 2–4 cm long, elliptical, covered with soft spines, splitting apart to reveal seeds covered with an orange fleshy coat. [A Field Guide to Plants of Costa Rica].
Plant Part Used: Seed coats, leaves.
Dominican Medicinal Uses: The powdered seed coats are traditionally combined with other plants to make a tea or vegetable juice drink for treating anemia, cysts, dysmenorrhea, tumors, uterine fibroids and to support post-partum recovery. The seeds coats and/or leaves are also used externally for topical burns, injury and musculoskeletal trauma.
Safety: The seeds and seed coats are generally regarded as safe and commonly used as a culinary flavoring and coloring agent. Animal studies have shown this plant to be relatively nontoxic, although allergic reactions reported.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; history of allergic reaction.
Laboratory & Preclinical Data: The seed extract has shown the following activities in animal studies: anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive,
hyperglycemic. In vitro the plant extract has demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial and antiplatelet effects, and the seed extract has
shown anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. [Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers Second Edition]
The leaves have been used to treat snakebites. and jaundice and the seed is considered a good cure for gonorrhoea. The bark of the root is used to treat fever and as an aperient. In Cambodia, the leaves are a popular febrifuge while in Indonesia, water in which the leaves are rubbed is poured over the head of children with fever. In Malaysia, the leaves are used in a postpartum medicine and in the Philippines the leaves are pounded in coconut oil and heated, then applied to the abdomen to relieve tympanites. Pastes of the fresh leaves are rubefacient and used in dysentery. In Vietnam, lotions or baths of leaves are used during fever. Its unripe fruits are emollient in leprosy. Alcoholic extracts of seed coat are taenifuge and laxative.] Decoctions of barks are used for catarrh. Infusions of seeds are used to treat asthma and excessive nasopharynx mucus production. Traditionally, it is also used as a gargle for sore throats and oral hygiene. In Trinidad and Tobago, the leaves and roots are used for hypertension, diabetes and jaundice. Leaves and seed pods are used as a female aphrodisiac. [A Guide to Medicinal Plants - An Illustrated, Scientific and Medicinal Approach]
Seeds and latex used for tumors, cancer, and condyloma. Seeds gargled with vinegar and rice water for cancer of the mouth. Leaf infusion used in Costa Rica to prevent baldness. Leaf infusion gargled for tonsilitis. Bolivians press leaves on aching body parts. Seeds are reportedly aphrodisiac, astringent, cordial, expectorant (laxative and vermifuge), and febrifugal. Astringent febrifugal fruit pulp is used for dysentery and kidney disease. The reddish paste is applied as an unguent to burns. Considered a cosmetic, dye, food, hair dressing, medicine, ornamental tree, and vitamin source. In India, where the useful ornamental weed tree has established itself, as it has pantropically, leaves are used for jaundice and snakebite, the root bark for fevers, including malaria. Fruits are considered astringent and laxative. The plant is also recommended for gonorrhea (MPI). The hot water extracts potently inhibit lens aldose reductase, perhaps due to isoscutellarein. [CRC Hnand Book of Medicinal Spices].
305 Published articles of Bixa orellana
