Chenopodium ambrosioides, Dysphania ambrosioides details with 116 published articles

Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants [accepted name]

Synonyms: Ambrina ambrosioides (L.) Spach , Ambrina ambrosioides var. anthelmintica (L.) Moldenke , Ambrina anthelmintica (L.) Spach , Ambrina incisa Moq. , Ambrina parvula Phil. , Ambrina spathulata Moq. , Atriplex ambrosioides (L.) Crantz , Atriplex anthelmintica (L.) Crantz , Blitum ambrosioides (L.) Beck , Botrys ambrosioides (L.) Nieuwl. , Botrys anthelmintica (L.) Nieuwl. , Chenopodium album subsp. ambrosioides (L.) H.J.Coste & A.Reyn. , Chenopodium amboanum (Murr) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides L. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. angustifolium Moq. , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. angustifolium (Pav. ex Moq.) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. angustifolium Sieber, in DC. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum (L.) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. costei Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. dentatum Fenzl , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. dentatum (Fenzl) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. genuinum Willk. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. integrifolium Fenzl , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. integrifolium (Fenzl) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. minus (Murr) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. oblanceolatum Speg. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. obovata Speg. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. obovatum (Moq.) Speg. , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. pinnatifidum (Willk.) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. pinnatifidum Willk. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. pubescens Makino , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. querciforme (Murr) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. rotundatum Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. spathulatum Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum (Willd.) Graebn. , Chenopodium ambrosioides subsp. suffruticosum (Willd.) Thell. , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum (Willd.) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides f. suffruticosum (Willd.) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. typicum Speg. [Invalid] , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. typicum (Speg.) Aellen , Chenopodium ambrosioides var. vagans (Standl.) J.T.Howell , Chenopodium angustifolium Pav. ex Moq. , Chenopodium anthelminticum L. , Chenopodium anthelminticum var. glabratum Fenzl , Chenopodium anthelminticum var. hastatum Moq. , Chenopodium anthelminticum var. subhirsutum Fenzl , Chenopodium citriodorum Steud. , Chenopodium cuneifolium Vent. ex Moq. , Chenopodium integrifolium Vorosch. , Chenopodium integrifolium subsp. ramosissimum Aellen , Chenopodium integrifolium subsp. ramosissimum Worosh. ex Just , Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. amboanum Murr , Chenopodium querciforme Murr , Chenopodium querciforme var. minus Murr , Chenopodium sancta-maria Vell. , Chenopodium santamaria Vell. , Chenopodium spathulatum (Moq.) Sieber ex Moq. , Chenopodium spathulatum var. angustifolium Moq. , Chenopodium spathulatum var. platyphyllum Moq. , Chenopodium suffruticosum Willd. , Chenopodium suffruticosum subsp. remotum Vorosch. , Chenopodium vagans Standl. , Chenopodium variegatum Gouan , Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants , Orthosporum ambrosioides (L.) Kostel. , Orthosporum anthelminticum Kostel. , Orthosporum suffruticosum Kostel. , Roubieva anthelmintica (L.) Hook. & Arn. , Teloxys ambrosioides (L.) W.A. Weber , Teloxys vagans (Standl.) W.A. Weber , Vulvaria ambrosioides (L.) Bubani,  

English Names: Sweet pig weed, Mexican tea, Epazote, American goosefoot, American wormseed, Baltimore wormseed, bitter weed, Californian spearmint (in New Zealand), demigod's food, epasote, herb sancti, Mariae, Indian wormweed, Jesuit's tea, Mexican goosefoot, mouse food, pazote, Spanish tea, West Indian goosefoot, worm bush, worm grass, wormseed, wormseed goosefoot, wormseed, oil plant, wormweed.
French names: Chénopodiacées, famille du chou gras (famille du chénopode), Thé du Mexique (m), abroisine, ambroisie (des jardins), ambroisie du Mexique, ambroisin, ansérine ambroisie, ansérine américaine, anserine fausse ambroisie, ansérine anthelmique, ansérine du Mexique, ansérine odorante, ansérine vermifuge, blite ambroisie, chénopode ambrosioïde, chénopode fausse ambroisie, herbe de SainteMarie, pied d'oie, thé de Silésia, thé des Jésuites, thé d'Espagne.
Malayalam: Kattayamodakam
Kannada: Kodu- vama
Sanskrit: Sugandh-vaastuuka, Kshetra-vaastuuka.
Siddha/Tamil: Kattasambadam.
Folk: Khatuaa.

Uses: Amoebicidal, analgesic, diuretic.

Chenopodium ambrosioides contains pharmacologically active principles and cases of poisoning have been recorded. Although widely used as a culinary herb in Mexico, its consumption could be hazardous. If eaten despite this warning, it should only be consumed in very limited quantities, and rarely.
The Creek Indians used C. ambrosioides as a spring tonic. In folk medicine Mexican tea was also used to treat asthma, malaria, and various nervous diseases, but its main use has been as a vermifuge. According to Morton the seed oil paralyses, but does not kill intestinal worms, which must be expelled by a purgative. The oil of Mexican tea is particularly effective in getting rid of hookworms, but is a dangerous remedy in the hands of laypeople, overdoses causing poisoning. Nevertheless it is widely used in the world as a vermifuge. Warnings have been recorded suggesting that Mexican tea has the potential for causing abortion . Morton notes that mild reactions to the oil are headache, dizziness and nausea, while more severe symptoms include vomiting (sometimes bloody), deafness, tingling of the extremities, and depression. Acute poisoning may be fatal. In western medicine the oil is now seldom used in pharmaceutical preparations because it has been replaced by synthetic anthelmintics . The plant continues to be employed medicinally in Asia for a variety of ailments . Morton provides an extensive list of home medicinal uses in Middle America. Duke lists numerous folk uses in various cultures around the world.
Touching Mexican tea may cause dermatitis and allergic reactions, and a case of vertigo from contact with essential oil released during harvest has been described. Fernald et al. recommended that Mexican tea not be consumed as a potherb. Chickens have died from eating the seeds, and while grazing animals usually avoid Mexican tea, it has caused fatalities in cows. [Culinary Herbs]
 The leaf and aerial parts are traditionally prepared as an infusion or crushed to extract their juice which is administered orally for colic, diarrhea, stomach ache, intestinal parasites and gas.
Clinical Data: The leaf and plant extract have been investigated in human clinical trials for the following effects: antiparasitic and antiascariasis.
Preclinical Data: The following biological activities of this plant have been demonstrated in laboratory and preclinical studies using in vitro or animal models: in vivo: analgesic, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, sedative (plant extracts or constituents); anthelmintic, antifungal (essential oil).
In vitro: analgesic, antibacterial, antimalarial, insecticidal, sedative (plant extracts or constituents); antifungal (essential oil).
Plant Part Used: Leaves, fruits, entire plant and essential oil.
Traditional Preparation: The leaves or aerial parts are prepared as a tea by infusion or decoction and administered orally. For skin conditions, the crushed and heated leaves are applied externally to the affected area.
Traditional Uses: This plant is attributed strong, bitter properties. For intestinal parasites and other gastrointestinal disorders, the fresh juice of the leaves (zumo) can be combined with coconut (coco) milk and taken internally. This plant also has culinary uses as a condiment and is considered a medicinal food because of its anti-flatulent effects, especially when used as a flavoring agent in the preparation of beans (habichuelas). Spiritual applications of this herb can have health-related implications, especially for illnesses associated with spiritual origins, as the leaves are used for dispelling negative energy and evil spirits. In the Dominican Republic the leaves are used as an antiseptic for treating wounds or skin ulcers (llagas), and a tea of the leaves is used for treating asthma, colic, conjunctivitis and stomach ache. [ Dominican Medicinal Plants: A guide for health care providers]
Herb teas and infusions in postpartum depurants [Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]
Antispasmodic, pectoral, haemostatic, emmenagogue. Employed in treating nervous affections, particularly chorea. Dried herb—anthelmintic against round and hookworms. Ascaridole, an active constituent of the oil, is highly active against roundworms, hookworms and small, but not large, tapeworms. It is highly toxic and can cause serious side effects. The oil has been found useful in amoebic dysentery and intestinal infections (should be used with caution).  Leaves contain kaempferol--rhamnoside and ambroside [ Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

116 Published articles of Chenopodium ambrosioides

Sesbania grandiflora, Agasthi, Agatti, Bok ful, Bunga turi, So dua uses with 85 published articles

Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) Pers.
Family: Leguminosae

Synonyms: Aeschynomene coccinea L.f., Aeschynomene grandiflora (L.) L., Agati coccinea (L.f.) Desv., Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv., Agati grandiflora var. albiflora Wight & Arn., Agati grandiflora var. coccinea (L.f.) Wight & Arn., Coronilla coccinea (L.f.) Willd., Coronilla grandiflora (L.) Willd., Coronilla grandiflora Boiss., Dolichos arborescens G. Don, Dolichos arboreus Forssk., Emerus grandifloras (L.) Kuntze, Resupinaria grandiflora (L.) Raf., Robinia grandiflora L., Sesban coccinea (L.f.) Poir., Sesban grandiflora (L.) Poir. [Spelling variant], Sesban grandi floras (L.) Poir., Sesbania coccinea (L.f.) Pers.

Vernacular names:

• Arabic :   Saysabān,   سيسبانيا كبيرة الأوراق  
• Assamese: Bakphul
• Bengali :বক ফুল (Bokful or Heron flower, as its white and hangs like a heron from the tree.)
• Chinese :  大花田菁  (白色花品种)  Da hua tian jing (Bai se hua pin zhong),  木田菁  Mu tian jing.
• Czech :  Sesbánie velkokvětá.
• Dutch : Agati.
• English : Agati sesbania, Agasti sesbania, Corkwood tree, Hummingbird tree, Scarlet wisteria tree, Swamp pea, Vegetable hummingbird, West Indian pea, West Indian pea tree.
• French : Agati à grandes fleurs, Colibri végétal (Caribbean), Fagotier, Fleur papillon (Caribbean), Gros mourongue, Pois valette, Pois valier, Pois vallière, Sesbanie à larges fleurs.
• German : Kolibribaum, Turibaum, Scharlach Baumwisterie.
• Gujarati :  Agathio .
• Hindi :  अगस्ति Agasti (Aagasti), अगासती Agasati,  बसना  Basna,  गाछ मूंगा  Gaach-munga, Hathya,  हटिया  Hatiya,  सेसवैनिया ग्रैन्डीफ्लोरा  ,  अगेति/समय से पहले
• Indonesian: bunga turi ; kembang turi
• Japanese :  アガチ  Agachi, シロゴチョウ Shiro gochou, 白胡蝶  Shiro gochou.
• Kannada: agase
• Khmer : Angkiëdèi (Angkea dey), Pka angkea dey. ផ្កាអង្គាដី  
• Korean :  아가티  A ga ti,  웨스트인디안콩나무  We-seu-teu-in-di-an-kong-na-mu.
• Lao: ແຄ(ຂາວ) [kʰɛ́ː kʰǎːw]
• Laotian : ແຄ ຂາວ   Kh'ê: kha:w.
• Malay : Daun turi, Kacang turi, Kembang turi, Petai belalang, Pokok turi, Sesban getih, Toroy (Indonesia), Turi, Tuwi (Indonesia).
• Malayalam: അകത്തി (akatti)
• Manipuri :  হৌৱাঈমাল Houwaimal.
• Marathi :  Akatti,  शेवरी Shevari, हतगा Hatga, हेटा (heta)
• Nepalese :  अगस्ति Agasti .
• Oriya: ଅଗସ୍ତି (agastee)
• Persian :   سسبانیا گراندیفلورا ,  Sīsabān  سيسبان .
• Portuguese : Agasto, Sesbânia.
• Russian :  Сесбания крупноцветковая  Sesbania krupnotsvetkovaia, Сесбания крупноцветковая розовая (pink-flowered).
• Russian: Сесбания крупноцветковая
• Sanskrit :  अगस्ति Agasti , Agati, Agastya, Drigapalaka, Munipriya, Varnari.
• Sinhalese :  Katura murunga, Katurumurunga kolle (leaves), Katurumurunga mala (flowers)..
• Slovakian :  Sezbánia veľkokvetá.
• Spanish : Baculo, Báculo, Cresta de gallo, Gallito, Pico de flamenco, Sesbania agata, Zapaton blanco.
• Tagalog :  Katurai, Katuray.
• Tamil :  Agathi, Agatti, Akatti,  அகத்தி Akatthi, அகத்திக் கீரை Agathi keeray, Peragathi.
• Telugu :   Agise, Agisi, Bakapushpam, Ettagise, Sukanasamu. అవిసి (avisi)
• Thai :  ดอกแค   Dok khae (Daawk ), ดอกแคบ้าน  Dok khae baan,  แคบ้าน Khae baan (Central Thailand), แคแกง,  แคขาว  แค แดง Khae daeng (Chiang Mai).
• Thai: แค (khae)
• Urdu :  Agst.
• Vietnamese: so đũa

Other names: Scarlet Wisteria Tree, Red Wisteria, Daun Turi, Agati Sesban, Swamp Pea, corkwood; parrot flower; scarlet wistaria tree; sesban; vegetable hummingbird

Description: Sesbania grandiflora Pers. is a tree that can grow to 8-10 m in height. The compound leaves are about 30 cm long with 12 to 20 pairs of rounded, narrow, oblong leaflets, 3-4 cm by 1 cm. Flowers are 5-10 cm by 3 cm, in pale pink, red, purple or white. The pods are 25-50 cm, slender, and cylindrical with many light brown to red brown seeds.

Plant—astringent, antihistaminic, febrifuge. Used for intermittent fevers, catarrh, cough, consumption, glandular enlargement. An infusion of the bark is given in first stages of smallpox and other eruptive fevers (emetic in large doses).
The aqueous extract of flowers has been found to produce haemolysis of human and sheet erythrocytes even at low concentration due to methyl ester of oleanolic acid. Flowers also gave nonacosan--one and kaempferol-- rutinoside. The seed gave kaempferol--diglucoside, (+)-leucocyanidin and cyanidin- -glucoside. Seed also contains galactomannan. A saponin present in the leaves on hydrolysis gave an acid sapogenin oleanoic acid, galactose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid. Besides saponin, the leaves contain an aliphatic alcohol, grandiflorol. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Traditional Medicinal Uses: In the Philippines, the plant is used for its hypotensive properties. It is used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of liver disorders. The juice of the leaves and flowers are popularly used for nasal catarrh and headache when taken as snuff. Various leaf preparations are used to treat epileptic fits. Applied externally for treatment of leprous eruptions. A poultice of the leaves is used for bruises. The leaf juice is mixed with honey for congenital bronchitis or cold in babies. [A Guide to Medicinal Plants An Illustrated, Scientific and Medicinal Approach]

Stem: Bark in a decoction used for stomach pains. Leaf: Juice for a gargle against mouth sprue. Used for medicinal purposes principally by people of Javan ancestry in Surinam. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

Leaf juice is used as nasal drops in headache. Fruits used as vaginal douche in leucorrhoea. Fruits used as curative agents in colic, jaundice and food poisoning. Root is useful in rheumatic swelling.

Phytoconstituents: Grandiflorol, (+)-leucocyanidin, oleanolic acid, lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin and others.





Uses: Astringent, anticephalalgic  [Medicinal Plants, Kerala Agricultural University]

85 Published articles of Sesbania grandiflora

Plantago ovata, Plantago orbignyana, Flea seed 437 published articles

Plantago orbignyana Steinh. ex Decne. accepted name for P. ovata
Family: Plantaginaceae
Synonyms: Plantago australis subsp. orbignyana (Steinh. ex Decne.) Rahn, Plantago australis subsp. pseudomollior Rahn, Plantago cumingiana Fisch. & E Mey., Plantago harbvegii Decne., Plantago hirtella var orbignyana (Steinh. ex Decne.) A. Gray, Plantago majorvar. runcinata Walp., Plantago orbignyana var. lasiantha Pilg., Plantago ovata Phil.

• Catalan: Saragatona de l'Índia
• Hindi: ईसबगोल Isabgol
• Arabic: لقمة النعجة
• Malayalam: ഇഷദ്ഗോൾ
• Marathi: इसबगोल
• Cesky: Jitrocel vejčitý
• Russian: Подорожник яйцевидный
• Sanskrit: Isabgolam, Snigdhbijam, ashwagol
• Gujarati: Udhamjeru , umto jeeru 
• English: Flea seed
• Poland: Babka
  
  • Arabic countries: Bidr qtn , Barhanj Blond psyllium, Buzar qatona, Common plantain, Hab zargah, Lisn al kalb, Qurayta, Rebla, Warak sabun masasah
  • China : Ch-chientzu
  • Japan: Obeko
  • US: Plantago, Plantain 
  • Germany : Psillo indiano
  • Iran: Spogel

 Activities: Allergenic, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Anticholinergic; Antipyretic, Astringent, Cardiodepressant, Demulcent, Digestive, Diuretic, Emollient, Flatugenic, Hepatoprotective, Hypertensive, Hypocholesterolemic, Hypoglycemic, Hypotensive, Hypouricemic, Laxative, Pectiniferous, Peristaltic.

Indications  — Adenopathy, Atherosclerosis, Bacteria; Bleeding, Blennorrhea, Cacoethes, Cancer,Cancer, breast, Cancer, colon, Cancer, ear, Cancer, intestine,,Cancer, liver, Cancer, mouth, Cancer, neck, Cancer, parotid,Cancer, throat, Cancer, uterus, Candida, Cardiopathy, Catarrh; Chelation, cyclamate, Cold, Colitis,Constipation, Cough,Cramp, Cystosis, Dermatosis, Diabetes, Diarrhea, Diverticulosis, Duodenosis; Dysentery, Dyspepsia, Dysuria, Enterosis, Fever, Furunculosis, Gallstone, Gas, Gastrosis, Gonorrhea,Gout, Hemorrhoid, Hepatosis, High Blood Pressure, High Blood Sugar, HighCholesterol, High Triglycerides, Hyperglycemia, IBS, Inflammation, Low Blood Pressure, Mastosis, Mucososis, Obesity, Pain, Parotosis,Pharyngosis, Pregnancy, Proctosis, Psoriasis, Respirosis; Rheumatism, Sore, Stomatosis, Ulcer, Ulcerative Colitis, Urethrosis . Urogenitosis, Ulcer, UTI; VD, Whitlow, Wound. Source: Handbook of Medicinal Herbs

Plantago ovata seeds and seed husks as emollient, demulcent and laxative [ETHNOMEDICAL LEADS AND GOOD RAW DRUG HANDLING PRACTICES]

Ispaghula is stated to possess demulcent and laxative properties. Traditionally, ispaghula has been used in the treatment of chronic constipation, dysentery, diarrhoea and cystitis.Topically, a poultice has been used for furunculosis. The German Commission E approved use for chronic constipation and disorders in which bowel movements with loose stools are desirable, e.g. patients with anal fistulas, haemorrhoids, pregnancy, secondary medication in the treatment of various forms of diarrhoea and in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) has adopted a Community Herbal Monograph for ispaghula husk  and seed. The draft monographs include the following therapeutic indications under well-established use: (a) treatment of habitual constipation; (b) conditions in which easy defaecation with soft stools is desirable, e.g. in cases of painful defaecation after rectal or anal surgery, anal fissures and haemorrhoids; and for ispaghula husk, (c) in patients for whom an increased daily fibre intake may be advisable, e.g. as an adjuvant in constipationpredominant irritable bowel syndrome, and as an adjuvant to diet in hypercholesterolaemia. [Herbal Medicines Third edition, Joanne Barnes, Linda A Anderson and J David Phillipson]

Seed and husk—laxative, diuretic, demulcent, bechic, cholinergic. Used in inflammatory conditions of the mucous membrane of gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, chronic amoebic and bacillary dysentery; also in hypercholesterolemia.
Key application:  In chronic constipation and irritable bowel. (German Commission E.) Also in constipation due to duodenal ulcer or diverticulitis (WHO.) German Commission E also noted that Blond Psyllium seed lowers serum cholesterol levels. It has also been shown to slow sugar absorption thereby reducing blood glucose. (ESCOP.) Use of Blond Psyllium husk up to six months did not clinically alter vitamin or mineral status in a review of eight human trials. It did not reduce absorption of calcium.
The seed contains amino acids including valine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine, lysine, leucine and tyrosine; and a mucilage consisting of a mixture of polysaccharides composed mainly of xylose, arabinose and galacturonic acid; rhamnose and galactose are also present. The seeds also gave aucubin, the antibacterial principle. The seed coat contains fatty acids mainly linoleic, oleic andpalmitic acids in decreasing concentrations. The seeds show a liver protective effect on induced hepatotoxicity inmice. In China, the plant is used clinically to treat certain types of hepatitis (activity due to aucubin content). [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

437 Published articles of Plantago orbignyana

Suregada_multiflora False_Lime Limau_Hantu Ban_Naranga Fa_Choin_Da

Suregada multiflora (A.Juss.) Baill.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonyms: Gelonium affine S.Moore, Gelonium bifarium Roxb. ex Willd., Gelonium fascuculatum Roxb., Gelonium multiflorum A.Juss., Gelonium obtusum Miq., Gelonium oxyphyl Ium Miq., Gelonium sumatranum S.Moore, Gelonium tenuifolium Ridl., Suregada affinis (S.Moore) Croizat, Suregada bifaria (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill., Suregada dicocca Roxb. ex Pax [Illegitimate], Suregada glabra Roxb., Suregada oxyphyl la (Miq.) Kuntze, Suregada sumatrana (S.Moore) Croizat, Suregada tenuifolia (Ridl.) Croizat, Gelonium aequoreum var. hainanense Hemsl., Suregada multiflora var. lamellata Airy Shaw, Suregada multi flora var. verrucigera Airy Shaw

Common name: False Lime, Limau Hantu
Hindi: बन नारंगा Ban Naranga
Bengali: নারিঙ্গা / নারেঙ্গা Naringa / Narenga
Other names: Chasesii, Fa Choin Da

Published articles of Suregada multiflora

Clerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum cordatum Volkameria infortunata

Clerodendrum infortunatum L.
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. , Volkameria infortunata Roxb., Clerodendrum cordatum D.Don
Common name: Hill glory bower
Bengali: Ghetu (ঘেটু), Bhat  (ভাট)
Malayalam: വട്ടപ്പെരുക്
Nepali: भाँटेझार Bhantejhar
Sinhala: Gaspinna
Tamil: Karukanni, Perugilai, Vellaikkanni;
Hindi: Bhant, Ghano, Thunera
Sanskrit: Bhaandira, Bhaandi, Kaari, Barhibarha, Barhichuda, Bhandira, Bhantaka, Bhanti, Harita, Kiravarnaka, Kukkura, Mayurachuda, Shirnaroma, Shirnaromaka, Shukabarha, Shukachhada, Shukapachhaka, Sthauneyaka, Vikacha, Vikirnaroma, Vikirnasanjna

Uses: The leaves and roots of this plant are used externally for tumours and certain skin diseases. The fresh juice is given internally as a vermifuge and febrifuge in malarial fevers, especially in children. [ Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon Part- V]

Ayurvedic uses: Leaves and roots employed externally for skin diseases and alopecia. Leaves are prescribed in headache. Roots are given in cramps and rheumatism. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

13 Published articles of Clerodendrum infortunatum

Dregea volubilis (Linn. f.) Benth. ex Hook. f

Dregea volubilis (Linn. f.) Benth. ex Hook. f
Family: Apocynaceae

Synonyms: Apocynum tiliifolium, Asclepias viridiflora, Asclepias volubilis, Cynanchum viridiflorum, Dregea angustifolia, Dregea formosana, Dregea pubescens, Dregea volubilis, Hoya lacuna, Hoya viridi flora, Hoya viridiflora, Hoya volubilis, Hoya formosana, Marsdenia volubilis, Schollia volubilis , Tylophora macrantha, Wattakaka angustifolia, Wattakaka pubescens , Wattakaka volubilis
Common name: cotton milk plant, green milkweed climber, green wax flower, sneezing silk
Bengali: titakunga
Burmese: gwe-dauk-nwe (hkwé:tauk-nwè)
Chinese: 南山藤 nan shan teng
Gujarati: માલતી malati
Hindi: अकड़ बेल akad bel, हरणडोडी harandodi, नखछिकनी nak-chikni
Kannada: ದುಗ್ಧಿವೆ dugdhive
Malayalam: velipparuthi
Marathi: हरणदोडी harandodi, नखसिकणी nakhasikani
Mayanman: Gway - dauk
Oriya: dudghika
Sanskrit: हेमजिवन्ती hemajivanti
Tamil: கொடிப்பாலை kodi-p-palai
Telugu: దూదిపాలతీగ dudipalatiga

Published articles of Dregea volubilis can be found here

Acalypha wilkesiana copper_leaf Josephs_coat, fire-dragon crista-de-peru Beef_steak_plant fire_dragon

Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonyms: Ricinocarpus wilkesianus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze , Acalypha wilkesiana f. triumphans (L.Linden & Rodigas) J.J.Sm. , Acalypha wilkesiana f. monstrosa J.J.Sm. , Acalypha wilkesiana var. marginata E.Morren , Acalypha wilkesiana f. macrophylla J.J.Sm. , Acalypha wilkesiana f. illustris J.J.Sm. , Acalypha wilkesiana f. circinata Müll.Arg. , Acalypha wilkesiana f. appendiculata J.W.Moore , Acalypha triumphans L.Linden & Rodigas , Acalypha tricolor Seem. , Acalypha torta Pax & K.Hoffm. [Invalid] , Acalypha musaica auct. , Acalypha marginata (Mill.) J.J.Sm. [Illegitimate] , Acalypha macrophylla Veitch [Illegitimate] , Acalypha macafeeana Veitch , Acalypha illustris Pax & K.Hoffm. [Invalid] , Acalypha hamiltoniana Briant , Acalypha godseffiana var. heterophylla L.H.Bailey , Acalypha godseffiana Mast. , Acalypha compacta Guilf. ex C.T.White , Acalypha circinata A.Gray ex Seem. [Invalid] , Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg , Acalypha amentacea f. circinata (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg

• Common Names: Copper leaf, Joseph's coat, fire-dragon, match-me-if-you-can, crista-de-peru, Beef steak plant,  fire dragon
• German: Buntlaubiges Kupferblatt, Stecklinge Kupfer- blatt
• French: acalyphe, foulard, dragon de feu, feuillage rouge
• Spanish: acalifa
• Portuguese: crista-de-Peru, acalifa, rabo-de-macaco, acalifa-vermelha 

Uses: In Malaysia, a beverage consisting of about 60 g of the leaves boiled in goat’s milk is drunk to lower blood pressure, treat fever, relieve cough and heal pimples. It is said that about 10 g of the leaves boiled with sugar is used to treat trombocytopenic purpurea and allergic purpurea.  Antibacterial,
Chemistry: Geraniin, gallic acid, and corilagin are the antimicrobial constituents of Acalypha wilkesiana [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs for The Future]

In Nigerian local medicine the plant is administered in the form of a tincture, a decoction or an infusion. The leaf juice, obtained by rubbing the leaves between the palms of the hands, is smeared on parts affected by Pityriasis versicolor or similar types of fungal skin infections. Alternatively, the decoction of the leaves may also be drunk by itself or in combination with other remedies. [Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa]

In Jamaica and in other West Indian islands the leaf of this ornamental is used as a headache poultice. Sometimes the leaves are moistened with bay rum but they may be used alone. Tea made with the leaves is sometimes used in the Grenadines as an internal treatment. A. indica L. is said to contain an alkaloid "acalyphin". [Medlcinal Plants of Jamaica]

22 Published articles of Acalypha wilkesiana

Osteospermum ecklonis Dimorphoteca ecklonis

Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl.
Family: Asteraceae
Synonym: Dimorphoteca ecklonis
Above photo is taken at Yercaud Botanical Garden, Tamil Nadu, India.
It is an ornamental plant. There are no pharmacology related articles found for this plant.  May be suitable for preclinical studies.

13 Published articles of Osteospermum ecklonis

Toona ciliata Cedrela toona Raudonasis indenis Nandi vruksham Gandha gariga Toon

Toona ciliata M.Roem.
Family: Meliaceae

Synonyms: Cedrela febrifuga Blume , Cedrela kingii var. birmanica C. DC. , Cedrela serrulata Miq. , Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler , Cedrela toona var. gamblei C. DC. , Cedrela toona var. grandiflora C.DC. , Cedrela toona var. multijuga Haines , Cedrela toona var. puberula C. DC. , Cedrela toona var. pubescens Franch. , Cedrela toona var. stracheyi C. DC. , Cedrela toona var. talbotii C. DC. , Surenus australis Kuntze , Surenus microcarpa (C. DC.) Kuntze , Surenus toona (Roxb. ex Rottler) Kuntze , Swietenia toona (Roxb. ex Rottler) Stokes , Toona ciliata var. pubescens (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. , Toona ciliata var. sublaxiflora (C. DC.) C.Y. Wu , Toona ciliata var. vestita (C.T. White) Harms , Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis (C. DC.) Harms , Toona febrifuga var. cochinchinensis Pierre , Toona febrifuga var. griffithiana Pierre , Toona febrifuga var. ternatensis Pierre , Toona kingii (C. DC.) Harms , Toona microcarpa (C. DC.) Harms , Toona mollis (Hand.-Mazz.) A. Chev. , Toona sureni var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) Bahadur , Toona sureni var. pubescens (Franch.) Chun ex F.C. How & T.C. Chen

Arabic: سيدريلا تونا
Bengali: তুন
French: Cèdre rouge d'Australie
Kannada: ಗಂಧಗರಿಗೆ
Lithuanian: Raudonasis indenis
Malayalam: ചന്ദനവേമ്പ്
Nepali: टुनी
Oriya: ଗୟା ଅଶ୍ଵତ୍ଥ
Telugu: నందివృక్షము
Chinese: 红椿
Sanskrit: Tuunikaa, Nandi Vrksha
Siddha/Tamil : Tunumaram, Santhana Vembu.
Red Cedar, Toon, Indian Mahogany tree.
Stem bark – anticancerous [Handbook of herbs and spices Volume 3]
Bark—astringent, antidysenteric, antiperiodic. Flowers— emmenagogue. Leaf— spasmolytic, hypoglycaemic, antiprotozoal.
Chemistry: Bark and heartwood yielded tetranortriterpenoids, including toonacilin. Heartwood also gave a coumarin, geranylgernalol and its fatty esters. Toonacilin and its 6-hydroxy derivatives are antifeedant [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Published articles of Toona ciliata

Free access from Wiley - Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies

Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies
March 2013 Volume 18 Issue 1 is free as on date

Contents:
Commentary: the law, unproven CAM and the referral challenge
A systematic review of reviews of systematic reviews of acupuncture
Prevalence of herbal medicine use by UK patients/consumers: a systematic review of surveys
The safety of massage therapy: an update of a systematic review
Why is CAM popular?
Individualised Chinese herbal treatment for hip and knee osteoarthrosis
Justification for chiropractic care to prevent recurrence of neck pain remains elusive
Tai chi chih improves inflammatory markers, cognition and quality of life scores in elderly depressed patients
Modest effectiveness of chondroitin sulphate in severe hand osteoarthritis (pages 41–42)
Folic acid and vitamin B12 for the prevention of cognitive decline
Issues regarding a FACT review paper on the efficacy of herbal supplements containing Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids for the management of overweight and obesity
Authors' reply to: Issues regarding a FACT review paper on the efficacy of herbal supplements containing Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids for the management of overweight and obesity
Bogus electrodermal testing devices: where are the regulators?
Glossary
Recent Literature
Link:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fct.2013.18.issue-1/issuetoc

Thespesia populnea Poovarasu Gangaraavi Paaraspipal Indian-Tulip

Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex CorrLa
Fmily: Malvaceae
Synonyms: Abelmoschus acuminatus (Alef.) Mull.Berol, Azanza acuminata Alef., Bupariti populnea (L.) Rothm., Hibiscus bacciferus Blume, Hibiscus blumei Kuntze, Hibiscus litoreus J.PresI, Hibiscus populifolius Salisb. , Hibiscus populneoides Roxb., Hibiscus populneus L., Malvaviscus populneus (L.) Gaertn., Parita populnea (L.) Scop., Thespesia howii S.Y. Hu, Thespesia macrophylla Blume
Common names: Indian Tulip Tree, Pacific Rosewood, Seaside Mahoe, Surina,

• Malay: Bebaru or Baru baru 
• Polynesian languages: Milo or Miro
• Rapanui: Makoʻi 
• Sinhala: Suriya
• Telugu: Gangaraavi 
• Tamil: Poovarasu பூவரசு 
• Malayalam: Poovarasu പൂവരശ് 
• Marathi: Parasa pimpaala
• Bengali: PakuR, Gajashundi, Paraasapipula
• Sanskrit: Plaksa, Parisa, Kandarala, Phalisah, Gardabhanda
• Gujarati: Paaraspipalo
• Hindi: Paaraspipal
• Kannada: Huvarasi

Other vernacular names: Adengkra, Adormba, Álamo, Álamo Blanco, Algodón de Monte, Arasi, Arbol Paraguas, Ayedru, Baboigubat;, Baru, Baru-Baru, Baru Laut, Beach Maho, Benddy, Bendi, Bendy Tree, Bhendi, B k, Bois de Rose, Borborsenyu, Bosch Katoen, Buah K ras Laut, BuLacan, Catalpa, Chandabaram, Cheelanthi, Chrey Sramol, Clamor, Clavel de Mar, Clemón, Cork Tree, Cremón, Duartiana, Dumbla, Eijan, Emahagüillo, False Rosewood, Feuilles d’Haiti, Fèy D’atiti, Frescura, Gajadanda, Gajashundi, Gangaraavi, Gangaravi, Gangareenu, Gangareni, Gangarevi, Ganguranichettu, Gansurigaja, Gardabanda, Grand Mahout, Grós Mahaut, Gunjausto, Gwo Maro, Haiti Haiti, Heartwood, Higuillo, Hojo di Cruz, Hoovarase, Indian Tulip Tree, Jaqueca, Jogi, John Bull Tree, Kallal, Kandarolamaro, Karavachu, Katoen, Macoi, Mahagua de Florida, Mahagüillo, Mahaut de Londres, Maho, Mahoe, Mahor Borde de Mer, Majagua, Majagua de Florida, Majaguilla, Milo, Mortel Debout, Otaheita, Otaheite, Otoijfi, Paarsapeepala, Pacific Rosewood, Paharipipal, Palo de Jaqueca, Palu Santu, Pararspipal, Paraspiplo, Paraspippal, Parisa, Parsachha-Jhada, Parsipu, Parusa Pipalo, Parushamaran, Pau Rosa, Poovarasam Kallal, , Porcher, Porish, Porosopippoli, Portia Tree, Porush, P Tal, Puntada de Cabeza, Puvarasu, Puvvarashah, Ranbhendi, Santa Maria, Seaside Mahoe, Spanish Cork, Tamsi, Tebokala, Tespésia, Tornasol, Tulip Tree, Umbrella Tree, Valo, Valomena, Waru, Waru Laut.

Ayurvedic uses: Sotha, Daha, Dadru, Kandu, Prameha, Raktapitta, Raktavikara, Trishna, Vrana, Yoniroga, Medoroga, Tvakroga, Balavisarpa, Pama [API - Part-I, Vol-V]

Specific for skin diseases. Root, fruit and leaf—used in psoriasis, scabies and other cutaneous diseases. Lupenone, lupeol and alkanes show activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bark— used for the treatment of haemorrhoids and chronic dysentery. Leaf— antiinflammatory. 

Chemistry: The flowers gave populnetin, herbacetin, populneol, quercetin and its glycosides, kaempferol and its glycosides, rutin, gossypol, beta-sitosterol and its glycosides, nonacosane, lupenone, myricyl alcohol, lupeol and gossypetin. Presence of thespesin  and herbacetin has been reported from fruits. Thespesin has been proved to be optically active gossypol. Gossypol occurring in cotton plant is optically inactive, whereas the gossypol from T. populnea has a high dextro-rotation.  [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Astringent, antibilious, antiviral [Medicinal Plants by P. P. Joy, J. Thomas, Samuel Mathew, Baby P. Skaria]

Uses: Fruit juice is used on rheumatism sprains, eczema, scabies, swellings insect bites and warts. Pulp of fresh fruits is applied for relief of migration. Unripe fruit juice is used to cure piles. Decoction of bark is given in diarrhoea and arthritis. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

123 Published articles of Thespesia populnea

Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit tree panasa pazha pala

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Family: Moraceae

Synonyms: Artocarpus integrifolia var. heterophylla (Lam.), Pers., Artocarpus brasiliensis Gomez,, Artocarpus heterophylla Lam., Artocarpus integrifolia, auct., Artocarpus integrifolia sensu, Trimen non. L. f., Artocarpus integrifolia var., glabra Stokes, Artocarpus jaca Lam., Artocarpus, maxima Blanco, Artocarpus philippinensis, Lam., Polyphema jaca Lour., Saccus arboreus, major Rumph., Sitodium caulifl orum Gaertn., Tsjaka-maram Rheede.

Common name: Jackfruit, Jackfruit tree

• Assamese :  কণ্ঠাল Konthal,  কণ্টফল Konto phol,  কণ্টকফল  Kontok phol, কণ্টকি  Kontoki , কণ্টকীফল  Kontoki Phol, কঁঠাল  Kothal, ফলকন্টক  Pholkontok.
• Bengali :  কাঁঠাল    Kathal.
• Chinese : Bo luo mi, Bo luo mi (Hong Kong), Bo luo mi, Mu bo luo, Shu bo luo.
• Danish : Jackfrugttrae.
• Dutch : Nangka.
• English : Jackfruit, Jackfruit tree.
• French : Jacquier.
• German : Indischer Brotfruchtbaum, Jackfrucht, Jackfruchtbaum.
• Gujarati :  Phannasa.
• Hindi :  Cakki, Katahal, कटहल  Kathal, Kanthal.
• Italian : Falso albero del pane.
• Japanese :    ナガミパンノキ  Nagami pannoki,  Paramitsu.
• Kannada :  Halasina hannu, Halasu, Panasero.
• Khmer : Khnor.
• Korean :  바라밀 Baramil.
• Kuki: Lamphong
• Laotian : Mai mi, Mak mi, Mi (mii, mee).
• Malagasy :  Finésy.
• Malay : Nangka (Indonesia, Bali), Nangka bubor, Keledang (Timor).
• Malayalam :  ചക്ക  Chakka.
• Manipuri: থৈবোং Theibong
• Marathi: फणस Phanas
• Nepalese :  Rukh kutaherr.
• Oriya: ପନସ Panas
• Persian :  Derakhte nan.
• Portuguese : Jaca.
• Sanskrit :  पनस  Panasah, पनसम् Panasam.
• Sinhalese : Jak, Kos.
• Spanish : Arbol del pan, Fruta del pobre, Jaca, Jaka, Jaqueiro.
• Swahili :  Fenesi.
• Swedish : Jackträd.
• Tagalog : Langka.
• Tamil: பலா Palaa
• Telugu: పనస Panasa
• Thai :   ขนุน  Khanun, Makmee (Maak mee), Maak laang.
• Vietnamese :  Mít

Some other vernacular names: Banaban : Te Mai N-Inria; Borneo : Bedug, Nangka, Nangka Batu; Brazil : Jaqueira ( Portuguese ); Burmese : Peignai; Chinese : Bo Luo Mi, Mu Bo Luo, Shu Bo Luo; Danish : Jackfrugttrae, Jackfrugt , Jacktræ; Dutch : Siri Broodboom; Dominican Republic : Guenpan, Guenpan De Masa (Fleshy), Guenpan De Semilla (Seeded); Eastonian : Erilehine Leivapuu, Vili: Jaka; Fijian : Uto Ni Idia; French : Jacquier, Arbre À Pain, Arbre À Pain À Graines; German : Indischer Brotfruchtbaum, Jackfrucht, Jackfrutchbaum; Hungarian : Jákafa, Kenyérfa; Icelandic : Saðningaraldin; Indonesia : Nangke ( Alas, Sumatra ), Anaane ( Ambon, Maluku ), Angga, Mangka, Nangga, Nangka ( N. Sulawesi ), Pana, Panah, Panaih, Panas ( Acheh, Sumatra ), Nangka ( Bali ), Nnka ( Bare, Kalimantan ), Naka, Nangka, Pinasa, Sibodak ( Batak), Nanga, Nangga ( Bima, West Nusa Tenggara) , Panasa ( Boeginisch, Sulawesi ), Nango ( Boeol, Gorontalo, Sulawesi ), Naang, Nakan, Nakane, Nakang ( Boeroe, Maluku ), Tehele Kaloeen ( East Ceram, Maluku ), Anaa Ane, Ain Nad Wakane, Inaale, Naka Kota, Nongga, Tafela ( West Ceram, Maluku ), Amnaalo, Anaato, Tajena ( South Ceram, Maluku ), Batuk, Baduk, Enaduk, Maauk, Naka, Nangka ( Dyak, Kalimantan), Nangka ( Flores ), Langge ( Gorontalo, Sulawesi ), Naka ( Halmahera, Maluku ), Nangka, Nongka ( Javanese ), Ua Malai ( Kisar, Maluku ), Belaso, Benaso, Lamasa, Malasa, Menaso ( Lampong, Sumatra ), Uruwane ( Leti, Maluku ), Nangka ( Madurese ), Cidu ( Makassar, Sulawesi ), Nakale ( Makian, North Sulawesi ), Nangka ( Malay ), Nanakang, Nangka ( Mandar, Sulawesi ), Nangka ( Mori, Sulawesi ), Nad ( Nias, Sumatra ), Anad, Anad Wakan, Annal, Anaalo, Nangka ( Oelias, Maluku ), Nangka ( Salajar, Sulawesi ), Nangka ( Sangir, Sulawesi ), Nangke ( Sasak, Lombok ), Nangga ( Saoesoe, Sulawesi Tengah ), Hoka, Naga (Sawoe or Sawu, Nusa Tenggara Timor ), Anaha, Anasah ( Simaloer, North West Sumatra ), Naka, Naki, Nangga, Ndeile ( Soela, Maluku ), Nanga, Nangga Sumba, Nangka ( Sumba ), Naka, Nakak, Nakat ( Solor, Nusa Tenggara Barat ), Naka ( Ternate, Maluku ) Naka ( Tidore, Maluku ), Kuloh, Naka, Taijonis, Sosak, Nangka Bubor, Keledang ( Timor) , Kroor, Naka, Naknak ( North Papua Barat), Lamasa, Malasa, Menaso, Benaso ( Sumatra ), Nangka ( Sundanese ); Italian : Falso Albero Del Pane; Japanese : Paramitsu; Khmer : Khnor, Knol; Korean : Baramil; Laotian : Miiz, Miiz Hnang, Mai Mi, Mak Mi, Mi; Madagascar : Ampalibe ( Malagasy); Malaysia : Nangka; Maldivian : Sakkeyo; Mexico : Yaka; Nepali : Rukh Kutaherr; Papua New Guinea : Kapiak; Persian : Derakhte Nan; Philippines : Langka, Nanka, Nangka ( Bisaya ), Nangka ( Ibanag ), Nangka ( Iloko) , Yangka (P ampangan), Nanka ( Sulu), Langka, Nangka ( Tagalog); Portuguese : Jaca, Jaqueira; Samoan : Ulu Initia; Sri Lanka : Kos Varaka, Vela ( Sinhalese) ; Spanish : Árbol Del Pan, Fruta Del Pobre, Jaca, Jaka, Jaqueiro Jaca Buen Pan, Pan De Fruta, Rima; Swahili : Fenesi; Swedish : Jackträd, Jackfrukt; Thailand : Banun, Khanun, Makmi, Makmee, Maak Mee, Maak Laang; Uganda : Fene ( Luganda); Vietnamese : Mit; Yapese : Dapanapan. 

Ayurvedic uses: Antidiarrhoeal, Astringent, carminative, tonic. leaf extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus was found to cause a hypoglycaemic effect.

Traditional Medicinal Uses Many parts of the plant including the bark, roots, leaves, fruit and latex are endowed with medicinal properties and used in traditional medicine. In the Philippines, the ash of the leaves, after burning with corn and coconut shells, is applied on wounds and ulcers as cicatrizant. In India, the leaves are used in treating skin disease. The root is anti-asthmatic. The decoction of the root is used in diarrhoea and for fever. The root is also useful in skin diseases. The latex of the tree is used to promote healing in glandular swellings and in snake bites. Mixed with vinegar and applied to these swellings and to abscesses, it promotes absorption or suppuration. The ash of jackfruit leaves, burned, is used alone or mixed with coconut oil to heal ulcers. The wood has a sedative property; its pith is said to produce abortion. The unripe fruit is astringent and if eaten in large quantities, it produces diarrhoea. The ripe fruit is demulcent, nutritive, and laxative. The pulp envelopes or arils of the seeds are considered by the Chinese to be cooling, tonic, and nutritious. The starch of the seeds is given in bilious colic. The roasted seeds are believed to have aphrodisiac properties. However, some reproductively active young men in rural areas of Sri Lanka claimed that consumption of these seeds few hours prior to coitus disrupts sexual function. In Sarawak, ash from the leaves mixed in a little coconut oil and prescribed for scabies or kuris by the Iban; the Melanau used the same for applying on cuts and wounds. Hot water extract of mature jak leaves ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) is recommended by Ayurvedic and traditional medical practitioners as a treatment for diabetes mellitus. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants – Vol-3]

Snake bite:  Part used - Pedunele. Fed 1 cup juice thrice daily immediately after bite.  Bark, root juice Fed to the human and cows 1/2 cup juice twice daily till cure [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

Uses: In Burma and China, the latex is applied to heal ulcers and abscesses. The roots are used to stop diarrhea. In Malaysia, ashes of leaves are used to heal wounds. In the Philippines, the latex is used as it is in Burma, and the leaves as it is in Malaysia. In Vietnam, the wood is used to stop convulsion. A decoction of the leaves is drunk to stimulate the production of milk. The sap is used to treat syphilis and to expel intestinal worms. [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]

Tonic to treat discomfort from alcohol influences [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

Chemistry: Isopentyl isovalerate (28.4%) and butyl isovalerate. The aroma concentrate of “soft jackfruit” was dominated by isopentyl isovalerate, butyl acetate, ethyl isovalerate, butyl isovalerate and 2-methylbutyl acetate. Jackfruit contained 45 volatile components of which 32 have not been reported previously. Esters represented a high proportion of the jackfruit volatiles and are important contributors to the flavour of the fruit.

366 Published articles of  Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit

Polygonatum verticillatum Medaa Shaqaaqul Whorled Solomon's Seal

Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All.
Family: Asparagaceae
Synonyms: Campydorum verticillatum (L.) Salisb. [Invalid], Convallaria leptophylla D.Don, Convallaria stellifolia Peterm., Convallaria verticillata L., Evallaria verticillata (L.) Neck. [Invalid], Polygonatum angustifolium Bubani [Illegitimate], Polygonatum erythrocarpum Hua, Polygonatum jacquemontianum Kunth, Polygonatum kansuense Maxim, ex Batalin, Polygonatum leptophyllum (D.Don) Royle, Polygonatum macrophyllum Sweet, Polygonatum minutiflorum H.Lev., Polygonatum roseum Hook. [Illegitimate], Polygonatum verticillatum var. gracile Baker ex Aitch., Polygonatum verticillatum subsp. stellifolium (Peterm.) K.Richt., Sigillum verticillatum (L.) Montandon, Troxilanthes angustifolia Raf.

1. Sanskrit: Medaa
2. Unani: Shaqaaqul
3. Folk: Mithaa-dudhiaa
4. Common name: Whorled Solomon's Seal
5. Nepali: खिंरौला Khinraula

Uses: Polygonatum verticillatum (known as shaqaaqul and Dudhaali]rhizomes are used in Tibetan medicine for emaciation and senility. The rhizomes is valued as salep. The dried rhizomes contain diosgenin. The plant exhibits diuretic properties. It gave a digitalis glucoside and is considered poisonous by the hill people
in the Himalayas.[Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

21 Published articles of Polygonatum verticillatum

Grewia serrulata bhansuli panisara gurguri kawri

Grewia serrulata DC.
Family: Malvaceae
Synonyms: Grewia barberi J.R.Drumm., Grewia disperma Rottler ex Spreng., Grewia lanceolata Miq.,Grewia osmoxylon Ridl., Grewia sepiaria Roxb. ex G.Don

Bengali: panisara
Hindi: bhansuli, dun, kakki, kathbhewal, phirsan
Kannada: gurguri, javanigalle
Malayalam: narutha
Marathi: कावरी kawri
Tamil: anaikatti, narathai, udapai
Telugu: pegala, potriki, thegalle