Euphorbia hirta Ammam Paccharisi Dudhi, నానబాలు, Ammam Paccharisi, Nelapalai, Barokarni, ଚିତାକୁଟି

Euphorbia hirta L.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Bengali: Barokarni
Common name: Asthma Weed, Common spurge, Cats hair
Cebuano - Mangagaw
Chinese: 飞扬草
Hindi: बड़ा दुधी Bara dudhi
Indonesian: Patikan kebo
Kannada: Achchedida
Konkani: Dudurli
Malayalam: Nelapalai, ചിത്തിരപ്പാല
Manipuri: Pakhamba maton
Marathi: दुधी Dudhi, Nayati- नायटी
Oriya: ଚିତାକୁଟି
Tamil: Ammam Paccharisi
Urdu: lal dodhak
Thai: น้ำนมราชสีห์
Telugu: Nanabalu, నానబాలు

Synonyms: Chamaesyce gemella (Lag.) Small , Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. , Chamaesyce karwinskyi (Boiss.) Millsp. , Chamaesyce rosei Millsp. , Desmonema hirta (L.) Raf. , Ditritea hirta (L.) Raf. , Euphorbia bancana Miq. , Euphorbia capitata Lam. , Euphorbia chrysochaeta W.Fitzg. , Euphorbia gemella Lag. , Euphorbia globulifera Kunth , Euphorbia karwinskyi Boiss. , Euphorbia nodiflora Steud. , Euphorbia obliterata Jacq. , Euphorbia verticillata Vell. [Illegitimate] , Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Small , Euphorbia pilulifera Jacq. , Tithymalus pilulifer (L.) Moench , Chamaesyce hirta var. glaberrima (Koidz.) H.Hara , Chamaesyce hirta f. glaberrima (Koidz.) Hurus. , Chamaesyce hirta var. laeticincta Croizat , Chamaesyce hirta f. litoralis Hurus. , Chamaesyce pekinensis var. glaberrima (Koidz.) Makino & Nemoto , Chamaesyce pilulifera var. glaberrima (Koidz.) H.Hara , Euphorbia hirta var. destituta L.C.Wheeler , Euphorbia hirta var. glaberrima Koidz. , Euphorbia pilulifera var. arechavaletae Herter , Euphorbia pilulifera var. discolor Engelm. , Euphorbia pilulifera var. glabrescens Thell. , Euphorbia pilulifera var. guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. , Euphorbia pilulifera var. hirta (L.) Thell. , Euphorbia pilulifera var. hirta (L.) Griseb. , Euphorbia pilulifera f. humifusa Domin , Euphorbia pilulifera var. obliterata (Jacq.) Hitchc. , Euphorbia pilulifera f. rubromaculata Domin , Euphorbia pilulifera f. viridis Domin

Phytoconstituents: Euphorbon, euphosterol, camphol, leucocyanidol, xanthorhamnin, taraxerol, taraxerone, myricitrin, euphorbianin and others.

Uses: The whole plant is decocted for athlete’s foot, dysentery, enteritis, fever, gas, itch, and skin conditions. It is also regarded as anodyne, depurative, diuretic, lactogogue, purgative, and vermifuge. The plant is used for asthma, bronchitis, calculus, colic, cough, dyspnoea eruptions, excrescences, i nfluenza, fractures, gonorrhoea, headache, hypertension, measles, nausea, ophthalmia, sores, splinters, stomachache, tumours, urogenital ailments, warts and wounds. In Central Province of Papua New Guinea, the plant is boiled and the solution is taken by patients who pass blood in the urine. The Chinese use the plant to treat fever, dysentery and skin
conditions. In the Philippines and Indonesia, the plant is used to treat bowel problems. The latex is used on warts and abscesses. [A Guide to Medicinal Plants An Illustrated, Scientific and Medicinal Approach]

Activities: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor, Amebicide, Analgesic, Anthelmintic, Antiaggregant, Antiallergic, Anticancer, Anticonvulsant, Antidiabetic, Antidiarrheal, Antiedemic, Antiemetic, Antifertility, Antihistaminic, Antiinflammatory, Antileukemic, Antimalarial, Antiplasmodial, Antiplatelet, Antiprostaglandin, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antiviral, Anxiolytic, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Bactericide, Bronchodilator, Bronchorelaxant, Carcinogenic, Cardiodepressant, Cicatrizant, Curare, Cytotoxic, Diuretic,, Emetic, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Gram-icide, Gram-icide, Hemostat, Hydragogue, Hypoglycemic, Hypotensive, Immunosuppressive, Insecticide, Irritant, Lactagogue, Laxative, Litholytic, Mastogenic, Molluscacide, Myorelaxant, Narcotic, Oxytocic, Parasiticide, Plasmodicide, Purgative, Respirodepressant, Respirostimulant, Sedative, Stimulant, Vulnerary . [Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]

Pectoral, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic. Used for asthma, laryngitis, chronic nasal and bronchial catarrh; diarrhoea, dysentery, intestinal parasitosis Also used in postnatal complaints, failure of lactation. Latex— vermifuge. Used in diseases of urinogenitory tract.  [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Uses: In Indonesia, the latex is used to treat ringworm infection and heal wounds. A decoction of this herb is used to treat asthma and assuage bronchial discomfort. The leaves are chewed to facilitate abortion, and the flowers are used to treat barrenness. In Malaysia, the latex is used to treat diseased eyes, heal wounds and soothe bruises. A decoction consisting of about 70 g of the fresh herb is drunk to promote urination, stop dysentery, remove blood from urine, assuage urethral pain and treat asthma. The plant is applied externally to treat dermatitis, eczema and irritated skin. A paste is used to soothe sores, and heal boils. In the Philippines, the leaves are mixed with those of Datura metel L. to make cigarettes which are smoked treat asthma. The plant is used to check bleeding, to calm a person, and stimulate the secretion of sweat. In Vietnam, Euphorbia hirta L. is used to stop dysentery. The dried entire Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbia, British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1954) was used in Britain in the form of a liquid extract (Euphorbia Liquid Extract, British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1949) in the treatment of cough or asthma. [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs for The Future?]

229 Published articles of Euphorbia hirta

Euonymus japonicus, マサキ, Japanska kurika, 사철나무, Evònim del Japó 92 published articles

Euonymus japonicus Thunb.
Family: Celastraceae

Common name: Japanese Spindle Tree, Japanese Euonymus, Japanese Spindle Bush
Arabic: مضاض ياباني
Azərbaijani: Yapon gərməşovu
Catalan: Evònim del Japó
Korean: 사철나무
Croatian: Japanska kurika
Japanese: マサキ
Chinese: 冬青卫矛

Shrub or small tree, up to 6 m high, twigs erect, weakly angular, grey. Seeds ellipsoid to ovoid, with the rest of aril on surface, 4.5-5.5 x 3.2-3.8 mm. Surface tuberculate, lustreless, yellowish-brown. 2n = 32. [Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European Flora]

Uses: Diuretic, tonic [Herbal Pharmacology in the People’s Republic of China]

91 Published articles of Euonymus japonicus

Salix denticulata, Elegant Willow, Dwarf Willow, chhoti bashroi, bhashal

Salix denticulata Andersson
Family: Salicaceae
Synonyms: Salix elegans, Salix elegans var. himalensis, Salix himalensis
Common name: Elegant Willow, Dwarf Willow
Hindi: bashal, bes, beuns, bhashal, chhoti bashroi

2 Published articles

Isolation and characterization of a new flavone diglucoside from Salix denticulata
Semwal, Sushma; Rawat, Usha; Sharma, Rajni Kant
Chemistry of Natural Compounds,  Volume: 47   Issue: 3   Pages: 366-368   Published: JUL 2011

A New Flavonoid Glycoside from Salix denticulata Aerial Parts
Usha Rawat, Sushma Semwal, Deepak Kumar Semwal , Ruchi Badoni and Amita Bamola

Molbank 2009, M622 http://www.mdpi.com/1422-8599/2009/3/M622/pdf

Flacourtia indica, bilangada, ตะขบป่า, nakka neredu.சொத்தைக்களா,Флакуртия индийская

Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Family: Salicaceae

Synonym: Flacourtia parvifolia Merr.
Common name: Governor's Plum, Batoka Plum, flacourtia, Indian plum
Bengali: বৈঁচি
Chinese: 刺篱木
Hindi: बिलाङ्गड़ा bilangada
Konkani: बाभुळी तांबट babhuli tambat
Malayalam: കരിമുള്ളി karimulli, അഘോരി
Marathi: अठरुन athruna, तांबूट tambut
Russian: Флакуртия индийская
Sanskrit: श्रृववृक्ष shruvavrikksha
Tamil: சொத்தைக்களா cottai-k-kala
Telugu: నక్కనేరేడు nakka-neredu
Thai: ตะขบป่า
Gujarati: Kankata
Kannada: llumanika, Dodda Gejjalakai
Oriya: Kantheikoli, Vaincha, Uincha
Punjabi: Kakoa, Kukoya

Uses: Sopha, Kamala, Raktavikara, Dusta vrana [API, Part-1, Vol-4]
Gum—anticholerin. Used as a gargle. Applied to eczema and skin diseases. Bark—antidysenteric, astringent, diuretic. Seed— antirheumatic. Fruit—stomachic. Root—applied externally in skin diseases. Leaves and young shoots— astringent and stomachic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

16 Published articles ofFlacourtia indica

Reinwardtia indica Basanti

Reinwardtia indica Dumort.
Family: Linaceae

Synonyms: Kittelocharis trigyna (Rchb.) Alef. , Linum cicanobum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don , Linum repens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don , Linum trigynum Roxb. , Macrolinum trigynum Rchb. , Reinwardtia trigyna (Roxb.) Planch.

English: Yellow Flax, Golden girl
Hindi: बसंती, Basanti
Nepali: प्याउली Pyauli


Published articles of Reinwardtia indica:
1. Dimorphism of pollen grains and stigmas in the heterostylous subshrub, Reinwardtia indica (Linaceae) in Myanmar.
Sugawara, Takashi; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Murata, Jin; et al.
APG Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica  Volume: 53   Issue: 2   Pages: 173-180   Published: December 2002
   
2. Studies on subterranean plant parts of Reinwardtia indica as affected by different soil media and irrigation intervals
Shah, Asmatullah; Ishtiaq, Muhummad; Rahman, Sher
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture  Volume: 12   Issue: 6   Pages: 637-642   Published: 1996

Your doctor may suggest to test your tears..

Your doctor may suggest to test your tears..

In a study published in Proteomics - Clinical Applications, April 2014 issue by Cindy Salvisberg, Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, Medical University Center, Geneva, Switzerland revealed that among 185 proteins identified in tears only alpha-1 antichymotrypsin is significantly increased in multiple sclerosis patients. Therefore analysis of alpha-1 antichymotrypsin is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. 

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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prca.201300053/abstract

Celastrus paniculatus, Jyotishmati 95 Published articles

Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
Family: Celastraceae

English: Oriental Bittersweet
Synonyms: Catha paniculata Scheidw. , Ceanothus paniculatus Roth , Celastrus alnifolius D.Don , Celastrus euphlebiphyllus (Hayata) Kaneh. , Celastrus metzianus Turcz. , Celastrus nutans Roxb. , Celastrus pubescens Wall. [Invalid] , Celastrus rothianus Schult. , Diosma serrata Blanco , Euonymus euphlebiphyllus Hayata , Scutia paniculata G.Don

English : Staff tree
Assamese : Kapalphotla, Pokitai
Bengali: kijri, malkangani
Gujarati: માલકંગના malkangana
Gujrati : Malkangani
Hindi: मालकंगनी malkangani
Kannada : Doddaganugae, Gangunge beeja, Gangunge humpu, Kangondiballi, ಭವಮ್ಗ bhavamga, ಜೊತಿಷ್ಮತಿ Jotishmati, ಕರಿಗನ್ನೇ kariganne, ಕೊಉಗಿಲು kougilu
Konkani: माळकांगोणी malkangoni
Malayalam : Ceruppunnari, Uzhinja, പൊലുലവമ് Polulavam
Marathi: कांगुणी kanguni, माळकांगोणी malkangoni
Oriya : Malkanguni, lyotishmati, korsana, pengu
Punjabi : Malkangoni
Sanskrit: अलवण alavan, ज्योतिषमति jyotishmati
Tamil: குவரிகுண்டல் kuvarikuntal, மண்ணைக்கட்டி mannai-k-katti, வாலுளுவை valuluvai
Telugu : Malkangani, Peddamaveru, Jerraku, Malleruchettu, కాసరతీగె kasara-tige, మానెరు maneru
Urdu: malkanguni مالکنگني


Uses: Smuruti daurbalya, Svitra, Vatavyadhi. [API} Stimulate intellect and to sharpen the memory.
Seeds—nervine and brain tonic, diaphoretic, febrifugal, emetic. Seed-oil—used for treating mental depression, hysteria and for improving memory; also used for scabies, eczema, wounds, rheumatic pains, paralysis. A decoction of seeds is given in gout, rheumatism, paralysis and for treating leprosy and other skin diseases. Leaves— antidysenteric, emmenagogue. Root—a paste of root-bark is applied to swollen veins and pneumonic affections. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Used as nervine tonic in gout, paralysis, rheumatism, leprosy, in mental illness, to promote memory, to stimulate intellect and as an aphrodisiac.
The oil has a powerful stimulant action in paralysis. In the Siddha system of medicine, the oil is given to build stamina. During the administration of this seed in any form, a strict diet of just milk, roasted meat and bread is given. [Rasayana Ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation]

In Burma, the seeds of Celastrus paniculata Willd. are used to invigorate health, and the leaves are used to counteract opium poisoning. In India, the leaves are used to promote menstruation, and the seeds are  used to relieve the bowels of costiveness, produce venereal desire and stimulate the intellect. In Indonesia, the leaves are used to stop dysentery. In the Philippines, the pulverized seeds are used to treat rheumatism and paralysis, and to invigorate health. In Vietnam, the oil expressed from the seeds is used to treat beriberi. [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs for the Future]

Unani uses: Zof-e-Bah, Zof-e-Meda, Amraz-e-Balghamia.

Published articles of Celastrus paniculatus

Euonymus echinatus, Climbing Spindle Bush

Euonymus echinatus Wall.
Family: Celastraceae

Synonyms: Euonymus arboricolus Hayata , Euonymus cinereus M.A.Lawson , Euonymus echinatus var. vagans (Wall.) R.C.Srivast. , Euonymus fungosus Ohwi , Euonymus fungosus subsp. chinensis P.S. Hsu , Euonymus mupinensis Loes. & Rehder , Euonymus scandens Graham , Euonymus subsessilis Sprague , Euonymus trichocarpus Hayata , Pragmotessara echinata Pierre

Common name: Climbing Spindle Bush

Honey wound healing activity better than betadine

Surgeons at AIIMS published a paper in the Indian Journal of Surgery, which showed that using honey (procured from beehives on neem trees) healed wounds better and faster than povidone-iodine (betadine), standard ointment used in such cases. Dr Anurag Srivastava, head of surgery at AIIMS, says that there was significant decrease in the surface area of the wound and pain in the group, where honey was used as wound dressing. [Times of India 16. Feb 2014]

Abstract of article published in Indian Journal of Surgery:

To compare the healing of chronic wounds with honey dressing vs. Povidone iodine dressing in adult subjects with chronic wounds of ≥6 weeks of duration, attending wound care clinic in Surgical Out Patient Department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Surgical Out Patient Department of Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma center, New Delhi. Forty five subjects were randomized into two groups i.e., Honey & Povidone iodine dressing group. Dressing was done on alternate day basis for 6 weeks of followup period. Main outcome measure was complete healing at 6 weeks. Wound healing status was assessed at 2 weekly intervals till 6 weeks. Seven out of 22 subjects in honey treated group achieved complete healing as compared to none out of 20 subjects in Povidone iodine treated group. There was a significant decrease in the wound surface area, pain score & increase in comfort score in Honey dressing group in comparison to the Povidone Iodine group at 0.05 level of significance. Honey dressing is highly effective in achieving healing in chronic wounds as compared to Povidone iodine dressing.

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Salix tetrasperma, Jalavetasa Atrupalai, Arali, Atrupala, etipaala

Salix tetrasperma Roxb.

Family: Salicaceae

English: Indian Willow
Chinese: 四子柳
Hindi: Bod, Bains
Manipuri: ঊযুম Ooyum
Bengali: Panijama
Tamil: Atrupalai
Telugu: ఏటిపాల etipaala
Kannada: Niranji
Malayalam: Arali, Atrupala
Sanscrit: Jalavetasa, Naadeya, Niketan, Baishi.

Description: Deciduous dioecious trees, to 25 m high, bark 10-12 thick, pale brown, rough, vertically fissured; blaze red; young branches silky pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, ovate, cauducous; petiole 10-25 mm, slender, glabrous, grooved above; lamina 6-15 x 2-5 cm, ovate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; base acute or rounded; apex acuminate; margin serrate, glabrous and shining above, glaucous beneath, coriaceous; lateral nerves 10-18 pairs, pinnate, close, prominent, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers unisexual, in axillary catkins, to 6 cm long, minutely silky villous; male yellowish; female greenish; bracts ovate, 2 x 2 mm, densely woolly; perianth absent; stamens 5-12, unequal, free, with 2 glands at the base; anthers basifixed; disc yellow, ovary stalked, superior, 1-celled, ovoid, 4-6 ovuled; stigma 2, branched again. Fruit a capsule, 4 mm, 2-4 valved; seeds 1-4, oblong, with long deciduous hairs.

Uses: Dried leaves—antiinflammatory, given in rheumatism, swellings, piles. Bark—febrifuge

23 Published articles of Salix tetrasperma

Koelreuteria elegans, Flamegold, Chinese Rain Tree

Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C. Sm.
Family: Sapindaceae
Synonym: Melia elegans Seem.

Common name: Flamegold, Chinese Rain Tree
Arabic: كولرتيريا حمراء
Chinese: 台灣欒樹

Koelreuteria elegans, more commonly known as the Taiwanese Rain Tree is a deciduous tree to 15-20 metres native to Taiwan. It is widely grown throughout the tropics and sub-tropical parts of the world as a street tree. It flowers in early to mid-summer. Flowers are small, to 20 mm in length, and occur in branched clusters at the stem tips. They are butter-yellow with five petals that vary in length until opening. Each flower contains seven to eight pale yellow stamens with hairy white filaments. The fruit is a brown-purplish three-lobed capsule that splits to reveal a number of black seeds

Published articles of Koelreuteria elegans

Blepharis integrifolia

Blepharis integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. & Drège ex Schinz.
Synonyms: Blepharis molluginifolia, Acanthus integrifolius L.f. , Acanthus repens Vahl , Blepharis integrifolia var. setosa (Nees) Oberm. ,  Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth , Blepharis rupicola Engl. , Blepharis saturejifolia Pers. , Blepharis setosa Nees

Description: Much branched creeping herbs; stems terete, often rooting at the nodes. Leaves simple, verticillate, usually 4 at nodes, sessile, obovate, 5-7 x 2.5-4 mm, coriaceous or subcoriaceous apex rounded or shortly mucronate, margin entire; lateral nerves obscure, younger leaves often sparsely setose. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile; bracts 2, oblong, 0.75- 1.0 x 0.5-0.75 mm, apex apiculate, trinerved, margin setose ciliate towards apex; bacteoles 8 (4 pairs) apex acuminate, margin long ciliate, reticulate. Sepals 4 in two opposite pairs; membranous, outside puberulous, inside glabrous, margin ciliated, reticulate; outer pair larger, anterior sepal oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 8.5-9.5 x 2.5-3.0 mm, apex acute, trinerved, posterior sepal lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 8.5-9.5 x 2.0-2.5 mm, apex bifid, binerved; inner pair, smaller, lanceolate, 7.0-7.5 x 2.0-2.5 mm, apex acuminate, uninerved. Corolla bilabiate; tube 3.5-4.5 mm long, outside glabrous, inside with a ring of plumose hairs below the attachment of stamens; upper lip very short or rudimentary; lower lip 5.5- 6.5 mm long, trilobed, middle lobe smaller, densely covered with hooked or deflexed white hairs inside. Stamens 4, equal, filaments 1.25-1.5 mm long, thicker at the base, glabrous, prolonged above the insertion of the anther; anthers 1.5-1.75 x 0.5 mm, one- celled, margin and apex long ciliated. Ovary cylindrical, 1.5 mm long, glabrous, style 2.5-3.0 mm long, glabrous, base of the style produced downwards encircling the top of the ovary forming an inverted cup-like structure, stigma inconspicuous. [India Biodiversity]

Suberect or procumbent perennial herb, sometimes mat-forming-forming. Stems up to 40 cm long, more or less densely hairy. Leaves linear to elliptic or slightly obovate, up 6 cm long, more or less densely hairy, roughly above and on the edges; margin entire, rolled under. Flowers solitary. Bracts in 4 or 5 pairs, greenish to brown, sometimes with purple veins and blotches, oblong-elliptic to obovate, ending in a recurved bristle with 3-7 purple-red bristles, up to 3 mm long, on each side of the margin. Corolla pale blue to mauve or purple, with darker veins, 8-22 mm long; lip ovate-spathulate, hairy on both sides, 4-10 mm wide, central lobe longer and narrower than side lobes [EOL]

Published articles of  Blepharis molluginifolia
1. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Blepharis molluginifolia, Pers. - a threatened medicinal herb.
Pattar, P. V.; Jayaraj, M.; Arunkumar, B. S.; et al.
Pharmacognosy Journal  Volume: 3   Issue: 19   Pages: 29-33   Published: 2011

2. In vitro vegetative propagation of Blepharis molluginifolia, Pers. - a medicinal plant.
Pattar, P. V.; Jayaraj, M.
International Journal of Life Sciences and Technology (IJLST)  Volume: 4   Issue: 1   Pages: 1-6   Published: 2011

Hypericum elodeoides, basanti, 挺茎遍地金

Hypericum elodeoides Choisy
Family: Hypericaceae
Synonym: Hypericum napaulense
Chinese name: 挺茎遍地金
Hindi: basanti बसंति

Published articles of  Hypericum elodeoides

1. VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF HYPERICUM-ELODEOIDES CHOIS
MATHELA, DK; MATHELA, CS; DEV, V
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 61   Issue: 9   Pages: 792-793   Published: 1984

2. Use of Allylic Strain to Enforce Stereochemistry.A Direct Synthesis of Calamenenes from Hypericum elodeoides
G. A. Kraus, I. Jeon
Organic Letters, 2006, 8, 5315-6316. 

Punica granatum, Pomegranate Dadima, Anar, Danimma, 석류, Buah delima, Romãzeira,

Punica granatum L.
Family: Lythraceae
English:  Pomegranate
Arabic:    الــرمان     ,  رُمَّان     رمان
Armenian: Նուր  Noor (Nur).
Assamese: ডালিম  Dalim.
Bengali:  বেদানা Bedana,  ডালিম  Ḍalim.
Bulgarian: Nar.
Burmese : Awaiting feedback.
Chinese:    Shi liu.
Croatian: Šipak.
Czech: Granátové jablko,  Granátovník, Granátovník obecný, Marhaník.
Danish : Granatæble.
Dutch : Granaatappel.
English : Pomegranate, Pomegranate bark (stem & root), Pomegranate rind (fruit)..
Estonian: Harilik granaadipuu.
Finnish: Granaattiomena. 
French: Ecorce de grenade (écorce-rind), Ecorce de grenadier (écorce-bark), Grenade (fruit), Grenadier (tree).
German : Granatapfel, Granatapfelbaum, Granatapfelstrauch, Granatwurzelrinde (rind).
Greek: Ρόδι  Rodi,    Ροδιά   Rodia.
Gujarati:  દાડમ  Dadam (Dāḍam fresh fruit), Dadamna bee (dried seeds), Dalamb.
Hebrew:   רִימּוֹן     Rimon, Rimmon. 
Hungarian: Gránátalma, Közönséges gránátalma, Pomagránát, Termesztett gránátalma.  
Italian : Granato , Granato a frutto dolce, Melagrana, Melograno, Melograno a frutto gentile,  Melagrano gentile, Melo granato domestico. Pomogranato.
Japanese:  Zakuro, ざくろ  Zakuro,  石榴  Zakuro.
Kannada : ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ  Dalimba, Daalimbe, Dalimbari.
Korean:  석류   Seog ryu (Seok ryu).
Laotian : Kok mak phi la.
Malay : Buah delima, Delima (Indonesia), Delima (Bali).
Malayalam : Matalam, Mathalampazham, Urumaanpazham, മാതളനാരകം
Manipuri: Kamphoi
Marathi:  अनारदाना  Anardana, डाळिंबे   Ḍāḷimbe,  डाळींब   Dalimb, Dalimb sal (rind), Dalimba (fresh fruit),   डाळींबाचे दाणे   Dalimbache dane (dried seeds).
Nepalese : Anaar, Daariim.
Norwegian: Granateple.
Oriya : Dalimba.
Persian : Anaar, Ruman (Syria).
Polish : Granat, Granatowiec właściwy (tree).
Portuguese : Romã (Brazil), Romãzeira (tree), Romã de flor dobrada (Brazil), Romanzeiro, Romeira (Brazil), Romeira da granada (Brazil).
Punjabi: ਅਨਾਰ  Anar.
Russian:  Гранат   Granat.
Sanskrit : Darimba, Dadima
Serbian: Mogranj.
Slovakian: Granátové jablko, Granátové semená (seeds), Granátovník púnsky.
Slovenian: Granatno jabolko.
Spanish: Granada, Granado, Mangrano.
Swahili : Komamanga, Kudhumani.
Swedish : Granatäpple.
Tagalog : Delima, Granada.
Tamil: மாதுளை   Maadulai, Madulai,  Mandulai, Madulam, Mathalampazham.
Telugu: దానిమ్మ , Danimma,
Thai : Ma ko,    ทับทิม   Thap thim.
Turkish: Nar, Rumman.
Ukrainian: Ґранат   Granat.
Urdu:    Anaar.
Vietnamese:  Cây lựu, Lựu.

Description: 1.5 up to 10 m high, ramified, branches opposite, glabrous, sometimes spiny. Seeds embedded in a pulp, prolonged obovoid, angular, ventral side with a broad, often ramified furrow, 5.8-6.4 x 2.8-3.2 mm. Surface smooth or faint foveolate, pale yellowish-white. [Atlas Of Seeds And Fruits of Central And East-European Flora] It is a large deciduous shrub up to 10m in height with smooth dark grey bark and often spinescent branchlets. Leaves are opposite, glabrous, minutely pellucid-punctuate, shining above and bright green beneath. Flowers are scarlet red or sometime yellow, mostly solitary, sometimes 2-4 held together. Stamens are numerous and inserted on the calyx below the petals at various levels. Fruits are globose, crowned by the persistent calyx. Rind is coriaceous and woody, interior septate with membraneous walls containing numerous seeds. Seeds are angular with red, pink or whitish, fleshy testa. [Medicinal Plants]

Ayurvedic uses: Daha, Trishna, Jvara [APC, Part-1, Vol-2]
The rind of the fruit is. astringent, and is employed in infusion; in this form it is useful in diarrhoea, and in some passive haemorrhages, but is little used except as an injection in leucorrhoea, for which it is very serviceable. The powder is also used as a sternutatory. The root bark is an excellent vermifuge and cathartic; its chief employment being in the treatment of tape worm, against which it has been in prominent use in India for a considerable length of time. The powder has been exhibited in substance, but the better mode of exhibition is to employ the. decoction; this is prepared by boiling one ounce of the bark in two pints of water to one; of this, two fluid ounces should be directed to be taken every half-hour until the whole pint is consumed; this may be repeated daily for a period of three or four days, when so prolonged an employment is necessary; the only caution requisite to be exercised in its employment is in the extent of its action upon the bowels, its action in this respect being that of an active cathartic; occasionally the purging is accompanied with sickness, but the occurrence of the latter symptom is not to be feared, it generally ceasing without the employment of any special means of treatment; a certain amount of purgation is necessary to its action as a vermifuge, the worm being generally voided in stool. [The Botanic Pharmacopoeia]

Alterative, Anthelmintic, Antipyretic, Astringent, Galactogogue, Refrigerant, Stomachic, Tonic [A Compendium of Traditional Thai Herbal Medicine]

31 Published articles of Punica granatum

Acer cappadocicum, Cappadocian Maple, Beşparmak akçaağaç, Klon kolchidzki, Клён колхидский, Colchische esdoorn

Acer cappadocicum Gled.
Family: Sapindaceae

Synonyms: Acer cappadocicum f. barbinerve (Schwer.) A.E.Murray , Acer cappadocicum var. glabrescens A.E.Murray , Acer cappadocicum f. glaucum (Koidz.) A.E.Murray , Acer cappadocicum var. indicum (Pax) Rehder , Acer cappadocicum f. rubrocarpum A.E.Murray , Acer cappadocicum var. stenocarpum Yalt. , Acer colchicum Hartwiss , Acer laetum C.A.Mey. , Acer laetum var. colchicum (Hartwiss) Schwer. , Acer laetum f. rubrum Schwer. , Acer laetum f. tricolor Schwer. , Acer laetum f. viride Schwer. , Acer lobelii var. colchicum (Hartwiss) Pax , Acer lobelii f. horticolum Pax , Acer lobelii subsp. laetum (C.A.Mey.) Pax
English: Cappadocian Maple, Caucasian Maple

Arabic: قيقب كابادوكيا
Danish: Tyrkisk Løn
German: Kolchischer Ahorn, Kolchischer Spitzahorn
Farsi: شیردار
French: Érable de Cappadoce
Finnish: Kappadokianvaahtera
Hungarian: Pontusi juhar
Dutch: Colchische esdoorn
Polish: Klon kolchidzki
Russian: Клён колхидский
Turkish: Beşparmak akçaağaç
Chinese: 青皮槭

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20-30 m tall with a broad, rounded crown. The leaves are opposite, palmately lobed with 5-7 lobes, 6-15 cm across. The leaf stems bleed a milky latex when broken. The flowers are in corymbs of 15-30 together, yellow-green with five petals 3-4 mm long; flowering occurs in early spring. The fruit is a double samara with two winged seeds, the seeds are disc-shaped, strongly flattened, 6-11 mm across and 2-3 mm thick. The wings are 2.5-3 cm long, widely spread, approaching a 180° angle. The bark is greenish-grey, smooth in young trees, becoming shallowly grooved in mature.

2 Published articles of Acer cappadocicum

Echinocereus pentalophus, Lady-finger Hedgehog Cactus, Órgano-pequeño alicoche falso

Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Lem.
Family: Cactaceae

Synonyms: Cereus leptacanthus DC. ex Pfeiff. , Cereus pentalophus DC. , Cereus pentalophus var. radicans DC. , Cereus pentalophus var. simplex DC. , Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus DC. , Cereus procumbens Engelm. , Cereus propinquus Salm-Dyck ex Otto , Echinocereus leptacanthus (Salm-Dyck) K.Schum. , Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Haage , Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Rumpler , Echinocereus pentalophus var. procumbens (Engelm.) P.Fourn. , Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. procumbens (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange , Echinocereus procumbens (Engelm.) Lem. , Echinocereus procumbens Rumpler , Echinocereus procumbens var. longispinus Hirscht , Echinocereus runyonii Orcutt

English: Lady-finger Hedgehog Cactus
Spanish: Órgano-pequeño alicoche falso

Published article: Echinocereus pentalophus: cactus of brilliant diurnal flowers
SWARUP, VISHNU; CHANDRA, ROMESH INDIAN HORT  Volume: 7   Issue: (1)   Pages: 14, 36   Published: 1962

Dioscorea polygonoides

Dioscorea polygonoides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Family: Dioscoreaceae
Synonyms: , Dioscorea altissima Sieber ex C.Presl,  Dioscorea caracasana Kunth,  Dioscorea kegeliana Griseb.,  Dioscorea lutea G.Mey.,  Dioscorea martinicensis Spreng.,  Dioscorea multiflora C.Presl,  Dioscorea piperifolia Griseb.,  Dioscorea piperifolia Klotzsch ex Kunth,  Dioscorea polygonoides var. aperta R.Knuth,  Dioscorea polygonoides var. martinicensis (Spreng.) R.Knuth,  Dioscorea polygonoides var. scorpioidea Uline,  Dioscorea polygonoides var. sieberi (Kunth) Uline,  Dioscorea sieberi Kunth.


11 Published articles of Dioscorea polygonoides

Biophytum sensitivum, Pulichinta, Mukkutti

Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.
Family: Oxalidaceae

Synonyms: Biophytum somnulentum Goebel , Biophytum sesbanioides Edgew. & Hook.f. , Biophytum poterioides Edgew. & Hook.f. , Biophytum nervifolium Thwaites , Biophytum homblei De Wild. , Biophytum cumingii Klotzsch , Biophytum cumingianum (Turcz.) Edgew. & Hook.f. , Biophytum candolleanum Wight , Biophytum bogoroense De Wild. , Biophytum bequaertii De Wild.

Chinese: 感应草
Bengali: ঝলৈ jhalai
Hindi: alm bhusha, लज्जालू lajjaalu, lakshmana
Kannada: hara muni, jalapushpa
Malayalam: മുക്കുറ്റി mukkutti
Marathi: झरेरा jharera, लाजवंती lajwanti
Sanskrit: झुल्लिपुष्प jhullipuspa, लजालू lajalu, पङ्क्तिपत्र panktipatra, pitapushpa, vipareetalajjaalu, alambusha, jalapushpa, peethapushpa, samanga, krithanjali
Tamil: nilaccurunki, tintaanaalee
Telugu: attapatti, chumi, jala puspa, పులిచింత pulicenta

Uses:  Astringent, antipyretic, anti-septic [MEDICINAL PLANTS]

Activities: Analgesic ,  Antiangiogenic ,  Antiaphrodisiac ,  Anticancer ,  Antiedemic ,  Antiinflammatory ,  Antioxidant ,  Antiseptic ,  Antisialogogue ,  Antitumor , Astringent, Bitter, Contraceptive, COXI-Inhibitor, Diuretic, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Hypoglycemic, Insulinotropic,  Litholytic, Sterilant, Stimulant, Tonic,  Vulnerary .

Indications: Abscesses , Asthma, Biliousness, Bruises,  Burns, Cancer, Collapse,  Convulsions,  Cramps,  Dermatosis ,  Diabetes ,  Edema ,  Fever , Gastrosis, Gonorrhea, Hyperglycemia,  Infection ,  Inflammation,  Insomnia , Mycobacterium; Pain, Phthisis, Pulmonosis, Spasms, Stomachache, Stones, Strangury, Swelling, Thirst, Tuberculosis, Tumors, VD, Wounds. [Duke’s Handbook of MEDICINAL PLANTS OF LATIN AMERICA]

Rural folk of Orissa and ethnic communities of Sagar district consider the plant as antiexcitant. Bhils use root to decrease sexual vigour; and the ethnic communities of Ratan Mahal Hills (Gujarat) maintain that smoking dried leaves with tobacco reduces the reproductive capabilities of man, and excessive use of the same renders him impotent. Kasis, Jaintias and Santals find different parts of the plant beneficial for diverse diseases. [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]

Plant—used in insomnia, convulsions, cramps, chest-complaints, inflammations, tumours, chronic skin diseases. Ash—in stomachache. Leaves— diuretic, astringent, antiseptic. Paste is applied to burns, contusions and wounds. Decoction is given in strangury, asthma and phthisis. Roots—decoction is given in lithiasis. Mature leaves are recommended in diabetes; contain an insulin-like principle. A saline extract of leaves showed hypoglycaemic activity in rabbits. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

36 Published articles of Biophytum sensitivum

Leonotis nepetifolia, Granthiparni, Bara Guma

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Leonurus globosus, Leonurus nepetifolius, Phlomis nepetifolia L.
Hindi: बड़ा गूमा Bara Guma, हेजुरचेई Hejurcheyi
Kannada: Deepa Shoole, Ranabheri, Kaaduthumbe
Marathi: दीपमाल Deepmal
Oriya: Barcha
Sanskrit: ग्रन्थिपर्णि, Granthiparni, Grandhi, Granthika ग्रन्धिक
Shona: Kambanje
Telugu: హనుమంతబీర Hanumantabira, Mulagolimedi
Other names: Wild Dagga, Minaret Flower, Lion's Ear, Drug Lion's-ear, Christmas Candlestick

Uses: Anti-asthmatic.[Evaluation of Herbal Medicinal Products]
Flower bud used to treat ringworm. [Evaluation of Herbal Medicinal Products]
Seed of Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. (Pogu-jata, Tompepuru, and Traangia) is used in the treatment of swollen breast of woman [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]
Whole plant: Boiled with Hyptis pectinata, Mikania micranthaand Momordica charantia as a wash for piles. Decoction is employed to cleanout the uterus; diuretic; tonic to strengthen the  back. In a decoction with Heliotropium indicumfor bed-wetting. Infusion for diarrhoea and heavy cramps. Leaf and Flower: Cholagogue; infusion as an antidysenteric; decocted with salt or sugar in a preparation to dissolve renal calculi. Leaf: Juice for thrush. In a plaster for wounds. Cooked in an infusion which is drunk to treat itches and skin diseases; for yaws.
CHEM: Ethanolic extract of the plant showed antitumor and possibly antimicrobial activity. In Rwanda, leaves of this plant are used to treat pneumonia, anthrax and syphilis. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

4 Published articles of Leonotis nepetifolia

Aesculus indica Indian, Horse Chestnut

Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Camb.) Hook.   
Family: Sapindaceae
Synonym: Pavia indica Wall. ex Cambess., Pawia indica Kuntze
Common name: Indian Horse Chestnut
Deutsch: Indische Rosskastanie
French: Marronnier de l'Himalaya
Hindi: Kanor, Bankhor
Kashmiri: Hanudun, Kakra
Kannada: Kanor, Kanur
Kumaon: Kishing, Pangar
Nepali: कारु Karu, घॊड़े पांगरो Ghode pangro

Uses: Antirheumatic, galactogenic, antileucorrhocic. The leaves contain aescin, quercetin and beta-sitosterol. Stems also contain rutin, astragalin, aesculin. Seeds contain aescin, aesculusideAand B, also aliphatic esters. Seeds possess antiinflammatory activity. The extract of seeds is considered to be active against P-388 lymphocytic leukaemia and human epidermoid carcinoma of nasopharynx. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

34 Published articles of Aesculus indica