Zamia furfuracea L.f. ex AitonFamily: Zamiaceae
Synonyms: Palma pumila Mill. , Palmifolium furfuraceum (L.f. ex Aiton) Kuntze , Zamia crassifolia T.Moore , Zamia furfuracea var. trewii A. DC. , Zamia gutierrezii Sauvalle , Zamia latifolia Lodd. ex Miq. , Zamia media var. gutierrezii (Sauvalle) J.Schust. , Zamia vestita Van Houtte
Common names: Cardboard Palm, Cardboard Plant, Bay Rush, Camptie, Cardboard Palm, Coontie, Guayiga,Florida Arrowroot, Marunguey, Mexican Cycad, Palmita de Jardín, Sago Cycas,
Seminole Bread, Yugulla
Arabic: زاميا وبغية
Chinese: 美叶苏铁
Description: he plant has a short, sometimes subterranean trunk up to 20 cm broad and high, usually marked with scars from old leaf bases. It grows very slowly when young, but its growth accelerates after the trunk matures. Including the leaves, the whole plant typically grows to 1.3 m tall with a width of about 2 m.
The leaves radiate from the center of the trunk; each leaf is 50-150 cm long with a petiole 15-30 cm long, and 6-12 pairs of extremely stiff, pubescent (fuzzy) green leaflets. These leaflets grow 8-20 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Occasionally, the leaflets are toothed toward the tips. The circular crowns of leaves resemble fern or palm fronds. They are erect in full sun, horizontal in shade.
This plant produces a rusty-brown cone in the center of the female plant. The egg-shaped female (seed-producing) cones and smaller male (pollen-producing) cone clusters are produced on separate plants. Pollination is by certain insects, namely the belid weevil Rhopalotria mollis.
Cardboard Cycad plant can only be reproduced by the fleshy, brightly crimson-colored seeds produced by the female plants. The germination process is very slow and difficult to achieve in cultivation; as a result, many plants sold for horticultural use are illegally collected in the wild, leading to the species being classified as Vulnerable.
This plant is easy to care for and grows best in moist, well-drained soil. They do well in full sun or shade, but not in constant deep shade. They are fairly salt- and drought-tolerant, but should be protected from extreme cold. They should occasionally be fed with palm food. After Cycas revoluta, this is probably the most popular cycad species in cultivation. In temperate regions it is commonly grown as a houseplant and, in subtropical areas, as a container or bedding plant outdoors.
All parts of the plant are poisonous to animals and humans. The toxicity causes liver and kidney failure, as well as eventual paralysis. Dehydration sets in very quickly. No treatment for the poisoning is currently known.
Toxic Part: All parts of all Zamia species are poisonous. The toxin can be removed from the grated root by water; treated plant material was a commercial source of starch.
20 Published articles of Zamia furfuracea
1. Starch accumulation in the megagametophyte of Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. and Zamia furfuracea L.f.
Sanchez-Tinoco, M. Y.; Ordonez-Balderas, J. R.; Engleman, E. M. - Proceedings of Cycad 2008. The 8th International Conference on Cycad Biology, Panama City, Panama, 13-15 January 2008 Pages: 251-262 Published: 2012
2. Tobacco ringspot virus found in the cardboard cycad (Zamia furfuracea) in Florida.
Baker, C. A.; Adkins, S. - PLANT DISEASE Volume: 91 Issue: 1 Pages: 112-112 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PD-91-0112B Published: JAN 2007
3. Histological and biochemical characterization of the in vitro cultures of Zamia furfuracea L.
Dominic, V. J.; Joseph, Joy P. - Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Volume: 7 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 187-190 Published: SEP-DEC 2006
4. Phytophthora cinnamomi on Zamia furfuracea in Taiwan.
Ann, P. J.; Tsai, J. N.; Wang, I. T. - Plant Pathology Bulletin Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 233-236 Published: 2004
5. Formation of somatic embryos from leaf callus of Zamia furfuracea L.: A preliminary report
Dhiman, Manjul; Moitra, Sushma; Singh, M. N.; et al. - Phytomorphology Volume: 48 Issue: 3 Pages: 317-322 Published: July-Sept., 1998
6. HISTOLOGICAL-CHANGES DURING MATURATION IN MALE AND FEMALE CONES OF THE CYCAD ZAMIA-FURFURACEA AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN RELATION TO POLLINATION BIOLOGY
VOVIDES, AP; NORSTOG, KJ; FAWCETT, PKS; et al. - BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY Volume: 111 Issue: 2 Pages: 241-252 Published: FEB 1993
7. MICROTUBULES IN DIVIDING ROOT-CELLS OF THE CONIFER PINUS-RADIATA AND THE CYCAD ZAMIA-FURFURACEA
FOWKE, LC - CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Volume: 17 Issue: 2 Pages: 143-151 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1993.1051 Published: FEB 1993
8. Histological changes during maturation in male and female cones of the cycad Zamia furfuracea and their significance in relation to pollination biology
Vovides, Andrew P.; Norstog, Knut J.; Fawcett, Priscilla K. S.; et al. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society Volume: 111 Issue: 2 Pages: 241-252 Published: 1993
9. SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS IN ZAMIA-FISCHERI, Z-FURFURACEA AND Z-PUMILA
CHAVEZ, VM; LITZ, RE; NORSTOG, K - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE Volume: 30 Issue: 2 Pages: 99-105 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034302 Published: AUG 1992
10. DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLLEN-TUBE OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA (ZAMIACEAE) AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
CHOI, JS; FRIEDMAN, WE - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY Volume: 78 Issue: 4 Pages: 544-560 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2445264 Published: APR 1991
11. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF POLLEN TUBE GROWTH IN-VIVO IN ZAMIA-FURFURACEA EVIDENCE OF INTRACELLULAR PENETRATION OF THE NUCELLUS
CHOI J-S; FRIEDMAN W E - American Journal of Botany Volume: 77 Issue: 6 SUPPL Pages: 10 Published: 1990
12. INSECT-CYCAD SYMBIOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO THE POLLINATION OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA (ZAMIACEAE) BY RHOPALOTRIA-MOLLIS (CURCULIONIDAE)
NORSTOG, KJ; FAWCETT, PKS - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY Volume: 76 Issue: 9 Pages: 1380-1394 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2444562 Published: SEP 1989
13. Container production of comptie, Zamia furfuracea Ait.
Keever, G. J.; Cobb, G. S. - Research Report Series - Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University Issue: 5 Pages: 15-16, 18 Published: 1987, publ. 1988
14. THE ROLE OF BEETLES IN THE POLLINATION OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA L FIL (ZAMIACEAE)
NORSTOG, KJ; STEVENSON, DW; NIKLAS, KJ - BIOTROPICA Volume: 18 Issue: 4 Pages: 300-306 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388573 Published: DEC 1986
15. PHENETIC AND OTHER SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII Z-FURFURACEA COMPLEX
SCHUTZMAN, B; VOVIDES, AP - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY Volume: 72 Issue: 6 Pages: 968-969 Published: 1985
16. PHENETIC AND OTHER SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII-ZAMIA-FURFURACEA COMPLEX
SCHUTZMAN B; VOVIDES A P - American Journal of Botany Volume: 72 Issue: 6 Pages: 968-969 Published: 1985
17. SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII-ZAMIA-FURFURACEA COMPLEX ZAMIACEAE IN MEXICO
SCHUTZMAN B M - American Journal of Botany Volume: 72 Issue: 6 Pages: 968 Published: 1985
18. SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII FURFURACEA COMPLEX (ZAMIACEAE) IN MEXICO
SCHUTZMAN, BM - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY Volume: 72 Issue: 6 Pages: 968-968 Published: 1985
19. EFFECT OF H2SO4 AND GA3 ON SEED-GERMINATION OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA
DEHGAN, B; SCHUTZMAN, B - HORTSCIENCE Volume: 18 Issue: 3 Pages: 371-372 Published: 1983
20. ULTRASTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SYMBIOSIS OF CYANOPHYCEAE WITH CYCADEAE- (CYCAS-CIRCINNALIS-L, ZAMIA-FURFURACEA-L)
NEUMANN, D - BIOCHEMIE UND PHYSIOLOGIE DER PFLANZEN Volume: 171 Issue: 4 Pages: 313-322 Published: 1977
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