Wednesday, July 16, 2014

Helianthus annuus, Sunflower


Helianthus annuus L.
Family: Compositae
Chinese: 丈菊
Finnish: Isoauringonkukka
French: Tournesol, Grand-soleil, Graines-à-perroquets
German: Gewöhnliche Sonnenblume
Italian: Girasole comune
Latin: Oleum Helianthi annui
Portuguese: Girassol
Romanian: floarea soarelui
Russian: подсолнечник однолетний, podsolnečnik odnoletnij
Spanish: Girasol
Swedish: solros
Welsh: blodyn yr haul
 Malayalam: Sooryakanthi
Tamil: சூரியகாந்தி suryakaanti
Hindi: Surajmukhi सूरजमुखी
Telugu: Poddu thirugudu పొద్దుతిరుగుడు
Manipuri: Numitlei

The seeds, flower petals and tender leaf petioles  are  edible. Flower petals can be eaten raw or  cooked but are best eaten in the young bud stage  when it has an artichoke flavour. Young flower  buds can be lightly boiled or steamed and eaten.   Sunflower  ‘whole  seed’  (fruit)  are  sold  as  a  snack  food  after  roasting  within  heated  ovens  with or without salt added and also used in con- fectionary. The roasted seeds or its roasted hulls can be used as a coffee and drinking chocolate  substitute. Sunflower seeds can be grounded into  flour and processed into a peanut butter alternative, SunButter, especially in China, Russia, the  United  States,  the  Middle  East  and  Europe.  In  Germany,  it  is  used  together  with  rye  flour  to  make  a  sunflower  whole  seed  bread  called  ‘Sonnenblumenkernbrot’.  The germinated seed can be blended with water and left to ferment to make seed yoghurt.  The sprouted seed can be eaten raw. The leaf petioles are boiled and mixed in with other foodstuffs.   Sunflower oil, extracted from the  seeds,  is  used primarily as salad and cooking oil or in margarine  for  cooking.  Sunflower  oil  is  generally  considered  a  premium  oil  because  of  its  light  colour, high level of unsaturated fatty acids and  lack  of  linolenic  acid,  bland  flavour  and  high  smoke points.   Flour free from chlorogenic acid and high protein  concentrate  obtained  from  sunflower  seeds  could be added to wheat fl our in as high a proportion as 65 % in weight to prepare cookies containing  16 g/100 g high-quality protein, 80–90 % in relation to casein, and with adequate sensorial properties. [ Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants]

127 Pharmacy / Pharmacology related ublished articles of Sunflower

1.    The physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) exposed to flurochloridone
Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY  Volume: 106   Pages: 232-238   Published: AUG 2014

2.    Nongenotoxic effects and a reduction of the DXR-induced genotoxic effects of Helianthus annuus Linne (sunflower) seeds revealed by micronucleus assays in mouse bone marrow.
Boriollo, M. F. G.; Souza, L. S.; Resende, M. R.; et al.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine  Volume: 14   Issue: 121   Pages: (2 April 2014)   Published: 2014

3.    Evaluation of antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract from irradiated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seeds hull.
Abdeldaiem, M. H.; Hoda, G. M. A.
Journal of Natural Sciences Research  Volume: 4   Issue: 1   Pages: 30-37   Published: 2014

4.    The effect of subambient to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on vascular function in Helianthus annuus: implications for plant response to climate change
Rico, Christopher; Pittermann, Jarmila; Polley, H. Wayne; et al.
NEW PHYTOLOGIST  Volume: 199   Issue: 4   Pages: 956-965   Published: SEP 2013

5.    Impact of wheat straw biochar addition to soil on the sorption, leaching, dissipation of the herbicide (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid and the growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Tatarkova, Veronika; Hiller, Edgar; Vaculik, Marek
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY  Volume: 92   Pages: 215-221   Published: JUN 1 2013

6.    The activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salt stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings raised from seed treated with chitosan
Jabeen, Nusrat; Ahmad, Rafiq
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 93   Issue: 7   Pages: 1699-1705   Published: MAY 2013

7.    Florets of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): Potential New Sources of Dietary Fiber and Phenolic Acids
Liang, Qiang; Cui, Jun; Li, Hang; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 61   Issue: 14   Pages: 3435-3442   Published: APR 10 2013

8.    Evaluation and characterisation of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seed oil: Comparison with Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil
Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi; Sbihi, Hassen; Tan, Chin Ping; et al.
FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 136   Issue: 2   Pages: 348-353   Published: JAN 15 2013

9.    Enhanced Accumulation of Copper and Lead in Amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus), Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Rahman, Motior M.; Azirun, Sofian M.; Boyce, Amru N.
PLOS ONE  Volume: 8   Issue: 5     Article Number: e62941   Published: MAY 8 2013

10.    Effects of Athrospira plantensis, Monodora myristica and Helianthus annuus on the rate of polymerization, sickle cell reversion and oxygen affinity of sickle cell hemoglobin.
Nwaichi, E. O.; Monago, C. C.; Amaraegbulem, P. I.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation (JPSI)  Volume: 2   Issue: 4   Pages: Research Article 8   Published: 2013

11.    Growth under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration accelerates leaf senescence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants
de la Mata, Lourdes; Cabello, Purificacion; de la Haba, Purificacion; et al.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 169   Issue: 14   Pages: 1392-1400   Published: SEP 15 2012

12.    PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS) SEEDS
Amakura, Yoshiaki; Yoshimura, Morio; Yoshida, Takashi
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 50   Issue: 5   Pages: 593-593   Published: MAY 2012

13.    Cynarin-Rich Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Sprouts Possess Both Antiglycative and Antioxidant Activities
Sun, Zheng; Chen, Jingnan; Ma, Jinyu; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 60   Issue: 12   Pages: 3260-3265   Published: MAR 28 2012

14.    PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L IN SEWAGE-IRRIGATED INDO-GANGETIC ALLUVIAL SOILS
Mani, Dinesh; Sharma, Bechan; Kumar, Chitranjan; et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION  Volume: 14   Issue: 3   Pages: 235-246   Published: 2012

15.    Preparation of gold nanoparticles from Helianthus annuus (sun flower) flowers and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities.
Liny, P.; Divya, T. K.; Barasa Malakar; et al.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences  Volume: 3   Issue: 1   Pages: P-439-P-446   Published: 2012

16.    Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Leaf Surface Defenses to Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate
Rowe, Heather C.; Ro, Dae-kyun; Rieseberg, Loren H.
PLOS ONE  Volume: 7   Issue: 5     Article Number: e37191   Published: MAY 18 2012

17.    Antifungal activity of different extracts of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) front to Sporothrix schenckii
Scroferneker, M. L.; Stopiglia, C.; Fontoura, J. B.; et al.
MYCOSES  Volume: 54   Special Issue: SI   Supplement: 2   Pages: 178-179   Published: OCT 2011

18.    Phytotoxic effects of nickel on yield and concentration of macro- and micro-nutrients in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) achenes
Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel; Ashraf, Muhammad; Hussain, Mumtaz
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS  Volume: 185   Issue: 2-3   Pages: 1295-1303   Published: JAN 30 2011

19.    Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Sun, Li; Ouyang, Chao; Kou, Shanglong; et al.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES  Volume: 66   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 63-72   Published: JAN-FEB 2011

20.    Protein and Peroxidase Modulations in Sunflower Seedlings (Helianthus annuus L.) Treated with a Toxic Amount of Aluminium
Jouili, Hager; Bouazizi, Houda; El Ferjani, Ezzedine
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH  Volume: 138   Issue: 1-3   Pages: 326-336   Published: WIN 2010

21.    Modulation of salt (NaCl)-induced effects on oil composition and fatty acid profile of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid
Noreen, Sibgha; Ashraf, Andmuhammad
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 90   Issue: 15   Pages: 2608-2616   Published: DEC 2010

22.    Differential expression of proteins induced by lead in the Dwarf Sunflower Helianthus annuus
Walliwalagedara, Chamari; Atkinson, Ian; van Keulen, Harry; et al.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 71   Issue: 13   Pages: 1460-1465   Published: SEP 2010

23.    Glutamate induces series of action potentials and a decrease in circumnutation rate in Helianthus annuus
Stolarz, Maria; Krol, Elzbieta; Dziubinska, Halina; et al.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM  Volume: 138   Issue: 3   Pages: 329-338   Published: MAR 2010

24.    Aromatic Plants growing in Nigeria: Essential Oil Constituents of Cassia alata (Linn.) Roxb. and Helianthus annuus L.
Ogunwande, Isiaka A.; Flamini, Guido; Cioni, Pier L.; et al.
RECORDS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 4   Issue: 4   Pages: 211-217   Published: 2010

25.    Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) petals: a new biological source of Lutein.
Kumar, M. C.; Gowda, T. V.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences  Volume: 1   Issue: 4   Pages: 438-448   Published: 2010

26.    Genotoxic Effects of the Insecticide Cypermethrin on the Root Meristem Cells of Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)
Inceer, Huseyin; Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, Sema; Ozcan, Melahat
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY  Volume: 83   Issue: 5   Pages: 652-656   Published: NOV 2009

27.    Siderophores mediate reduced and increased uptake of cadmium by Streptomyces tendae F4 and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), respectively
Dimkpa, C. O.; Merten, D.; Svatos, A.; et al.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY  Volume: 107   Issue: 5   Pages: 1687-1696   Published: NOV 2009

28.    Soil-less bioassays for early screening for resistance to imazapyr in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Vega, Tatiana; Breccia, Gabriela; Nestares, Graciela; et al.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE  Volume: 65   Issue: 9   Pages: 991-995   Published: SEP 2009

29.    Antioxidant capacity of the striped sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed extracts evaluated by three in vitro methods
Giada, Maria D. L. R.; Mancini-Filho, Jorge
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION  Volume: 60   Issue: 5   Pages: 395-401   Published: 2009

30.    cDNA cloning, expression levels and gene mapping of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic ferredoxin genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Venegas-Caleron, M.; Zambelli, A.; Ruiz-Lopez, N.; et al.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS  Volume: 118   Issue: 5   Pages: 891-901   Published: MAR 2009

31.    EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF SALICYLIC ACID ENHANCES ANTIOXIDATIVE CAPACITY IN SALT STRESSED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) PLANTS
Noreen, Sibgha; Ashraf, Muhammad; Hussain, Mumtaz; et al.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 41   Issue: 1   Pages: 473-479   Published: FEB 2009

32.    Plant Growth Regulating Activity of Three Polyacetylenes from Helianthus annuus L.
Hong, Si Won; Hasegawa, Koji; Shigemori, Hideyuki
NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS  Volume: 4   Issue: 1   Pages: 39-42   Published: 2009

33.    Isolation and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial compound from Helianthus annuus linn.
Sankaranarayanan, S.; Bama, P.; Deccaraman, M.; et al.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 46   Issue: 12   Pages: 831-835   Published: DEC 2008

34.    Osmoregulation and antioxidant metabolism in drought-stressed Helianthus annuus under triadimefon drenching
Manivannan, Paramasivam; Jaleel, Cheruth Abdul; Somasundaram, Ramamurthy; et al.
COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES  Volume: 331   Issue: 6   Pages: 418-425   Published: JUN 2008

35.    Modulation of inflammatory responses by diterpene acids from Helianthus annuus L.
Diaz-Viciedo, Rodrigo; Hortelano, Sonsoles; Giron, Natalia; et al.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS  Volume: 369   Issue: 2   Pages: 761-766   Published: MAY 2 2008

36.    Mineral uptake and biochemical changes in Helianthus annuus under treatment with different sodium salts
Manivannan, P.; Jaleel, C. Abdul; Sankar, B.; et al.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES  Volume: 62   Issue: 1   Pages: 58-63   Published: MAR 15 2008

37.    Allelotoxicity of Parthenium leaf extracts on cytomorphological behaviour of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Kumar, G.; Gautam, Neelam
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 29   Issue: 2   Pages: 243-247   Published: MAR 2008

38.    Inhibition of Root Growth and Polyamine Metabolism in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Seedlings Under Cadmium and Copper Stress
Groppa, Maria D.; Zawoznik, Myriam S.; Tomaro, Maria L.; et al.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH  Volume: 126   Issue: 1-3   Pages: 246-256   Published: DEC 2008

39.    Effects of ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annuus on the reproductive system of male wistar rats: testicular histology, epididymal sperm properties and blood levels of reproductive hormones.
Ejebe, D. E.; Siminialayi, I. M.; Amadi, C. N.; et al.
Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal  Volume: 1   Issue: 1   Pages: 65-78   Published: 2008

40.    Hydroponic phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, Ni, As, and Fe: Can Helianthus annuus hyperaccumulate multiple heavy metals?
January, Mary C.; Cutright, Teresa J.; van Keulen, Harry; et al.
CHEMOSPHERE  Volume: 70   Issue: 3   Pages: 531-537   Published: JAN 2008

41.    Abnormal anther development and high sporopollenin synthesis in benzotriazole treated male sterile Helianthus annuus L.
Tripathi, S. M.; Singh, K. P.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 46   Issue: 1   Pages: 71-78   Published: JAN 2008

42.    Aqueous extract of the Helianthus annuus seed alleviates asthmatic symptoms in vivo
Heo, Jin-Chul; Woo, Sang-Uk; Kweon, Mi-Ae; et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE  Volume: 21   Issue: 1   Pages: 57-61   Published: JAN 2008

43.    Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Fozia, Andaleeb; Muhammad, Anjum Zia; Ashraf, Muhammad; et al.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-CHINA  Volume: 20   Issue: 12   Pages: 1475-1480   Published: 2008

44.    Phytochemical investigation of Helianthus annuus L. and their biological activity.
Karlickova, J.; Macakova, K.; Jilek, P.; et al.
Conference: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries, (5th CMAPSEEC), Brno, Czech Republic, 2-5 September, 2008.
Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries, (5th CMAPSEEC), Brno, Czech Republic, 2-5 September, 2008   Pages: 135   Published: 2008
   from Publisher 

45.    Antifungal activity of Helianthus annuus L
Karlickova, J.; Jahodar, L.; Buchta, V.; et al.
Conference: 55th Annual Congress of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Research Location: Karl Franzens Univ, Graz, AUSTRIA Date: SEP 02-06, 2007
Sponsor(s): Soc Med Plant Res
PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 73   Issue: 9   Pages: 879-879   Meeting Abstract: P 175   Published: AUG 2007

46.    Phytoaccumulation, interaction, toxicity and remediation of cadmium from Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower)
Mani, Dinesh; Sharma, Bechan; Kumar, Chitranjan
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY  Volume: 79   Issue: 1   Pages: 71-79   Published: JUL 2007

47.    Effects of copper on chlorophyll, proline, protein and abscisic acid level of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings
Zengin, Fikriye Kirbag; Kirbag, Sevda
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 28   Issue: 3   Pages: 561-566   Published: JUL 2007

48.    Triterpene glycosides from the flower petals of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and their anti-inflammatory activity
Ukiya, Motohiko; Akihisa, Toshihiro; Yasukawa, Ken; et al.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 70   Issue: 5   Pages: 813-816   Published: MAY 2007

49.    Comparative effect of Al, Se, and Mo toxicity on NO3- assimilation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants
Ruiz, Juan M.; Rivero, Rosa M.; Romero, Luis
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT  Volume: 83   Issue: 2   Pages: 207-212   Published: APR 2007

50.    Diterpenes from Helianthus annuus and their cytotoxicity in vitro.
Suo, Mao-rong; Tian, Ze; Yang, Jun-shan; et al.
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica  Volume: 42   Issue: 2   Pages: 166-70   Published: 2007-Feb

51.    Diterpenes from Helianthus annuus and their cytotoxicity in vitro
Suo Mao-rong; Tian Ze; Yang Jun-shan; et al.
Yaoxue Xuebao  Volume: 42   Issue: 2   Pages: 166-170   Published: FEB 2007

52.    Pharmacology of terpenoids from Helianthus annuus L.
Diaz Viciedo, Rodrigo Eugenio
ANALES DE LA REAL ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE FARMACIA  Volume: 73   Issue: 3   Pages: 725-746   Published: 2007

53.    Foliar-applied glyphosate substantially reduced uptake and transport of iron and manganese in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants
Eker, Selim; Ozturk, Levent; Yazici, Atilla; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 54   Issue: 26   Pages: 10019-10025   Published: DEC 27 2006

54.    Impact of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) extracts upon reserve mobilization and energy metabolism in germinating mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds
Kupidlowska, Ewa; Gniazdowska, Agnieszka; Stepien, Joanna; et al.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY  Volume: 32   Issue: 12   Pages: 2569-2583   Published: DEC 2006

55.    Metal contamination effects on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth and protein expression in leaves during development
Garcia, Jerusa Simone; Gratao, Priscila Lupino; Azevedo, Ricardo Antunes; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 54   Issue: 22   Pages: 8623-8630   Published: NOV 1 2006

56.    Characterization of LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE gene in Helianthus annuus and its relationship with zygotic and somatic embryogenesis
Fambrini, M; Durante, C; Cionini, G; et al.
DEVELOPMENT GENES AND EVOLUTION  Volume: 216   Issue: 5   Pages: 253-264   Published: MAY 2006

57.    Response to salinity in the homoploid hybrid species Helianthus paradoxus and its progenitors H-annuus and H-petiolaris
Karrenberg, S; Edelist, C; Lexer, C; et al.
NEW PHYTOLOGIST  Volume: 170   Issue: 3   Pages: 615-629   Published: 2006

58.    Uptake, translocation and transformation of arsenate and arsenite in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): formation of arsenic-phytochelatin complexes during exposure to high arsenic concentrations
Raab, A; Schat, H; Meharg, AA; et al.
NEW PHYTOLOGIST  Volume: 168   Issue: 3   Pages: 551-558   Published: DEC 2005

59.    Oxytetracycline inactivation by putative reactive oxygen species released to nutrient medium of Helianthus annuus hairy root cultures
Gujarathi, NP; Linden, JC
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING  Volume: 92   Issue: 4   Pages: 393-402   Published: NOV 20 2005

60.    Potential of Brassic rapa, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus annuus and Zea mays for phytoextraction of heavy metals from calcareous dredged sediment derived soils
Meers, E; Ruttens, A; Hopgood, M; et al.
CHEMOSPHERE  Volume: 61   Issue: 4   Pages: 561-572   Published: OCT 2005

61.    Formation and stability of foams made with sunflower (Helianthus annuus) proteins
Gonzalez-Perez, S; Vereijken, JM; van Koningsveld, GA; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 53   Issue: 16   Pages: 6469-6476   Published: AUG 10 2005

62.    Characteristics of Helianthus annuus plant cell culture as a producer of immunologically active exopolysaccharides
Pavlov, A; Werner, S; Ilieva, M; et al.
ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES  Volume: 5   Issue: 3   Pages: 280-283   Published: JUN 2005

63.    Hairy roots of Helianthus annuus: A model system to study phytoremediation of tetracycline and oxytetracycline
Gujarathi, NP; Haney, BJ; Park, HJ; et al.
BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS  Volume: 21   Issue: 3   Pages: 775-780   Published: MAY-JUN 2005

64.    A first pilot study to produce a food antioxidant from sunflower seed shells (Helianthus annuus)
De Leonardis, A; Macciola, V; Di Domenico, N
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 107   Issue: 4   Pages: 220-227   Published: APR 2005

65.    The effect of EDTA on Helianthus annuus uptake, selectivity, and translocation of heavy metals when grown in Ohio, New Mexico and Colombia soils
Turgut, C; Pepe, MK; Cutright, TJ
CHEMOSPHERE  Volume: 58   Issue: 8   Pages: 1087-1095   Published: FEB 2005

66.    Weed control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with post-emergent herbicides
Beres, I.; Szente, D.; Gyenes, V.; et al.
Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences  Volume: 70   Issue: 3   Pages: 475-479   Published: 2005

67.    Phytoaccumulation of lead by sunflower (Helianthus annuus), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)
Boonyapookana, B; Parkplan, P; Techapinyawat, S; et al.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING  Volume: 40   Issue: 1   Pages: 117-137   Published: 2005

68.    Response of antioxidants in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on different amendments of tannery sludge: its metal accumulation potential
Singh, S; Saxena, R; Pandey, K; et al.
CHEMOSPHERE  Volume: 57   Issue: 11   Pages: 1663-1673   Published: DEC 2004

69.    Seawater irrigation: antioxidant defence responses in leaves and roots of a sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) ecotype
Di Baccio, D; Navari-Izzo, F; Izzo, R
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY  Volume: 161   Issue: 12   Pages: 1359-1366   Published: DEC 2004

70.    Bioactive lignans from a cultivar of Helianthus annuus
Macias, FA; Lopez, A; Varela, RM; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 52   Issue: 21   Pages: 6443-6447   Published: OCT 20 2004

71.    Effect of pH and ionic strength modifications on thermal denaturation of the 11S globulin of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Molina, MI; Petruccelli, S; Anon, MC
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 52   Issue: 19   Pages: 6023-6029   Published: SEP 22 2004

72.    The effect of EDTA and citric acid on phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, and Ni from soil using Helianthus annuus
Turgut, C; Pepe, MK; Cutright, TJ
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION  Volume: 131   Issue: 1   Pages: 147-154   Published: SEP 2004

73.    Purification of an ACE inhibitory peptide after hydrolysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) protein isolates
Megias, C; Yust, MD; Pedroche, J; et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 52   Issue: 7   Pages: 1928-1932   Published: APR 7 2004

74.    Spontaneous and nitrosomethylurea-induced reversions in plastome chlorophyll mutants of sunflower Helianthus annuus L.
Usatov, A. V.; Razoriteleva, E. K.; Mashkina, E. V.; et al.
Genetika  Volume: 40   Issue: 2   Pages: 248-255   Published: February 2004

75.    Changes in antioxidant and lignifying enzyme activities in sunflower roots (Helianthus annuus L.) stressed with copper excess
Jouili, H; El Ferjani, E
COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES  Volume: 326   Issue: 7   Pages: 639-644   Published: JUL 2003

76.    Redox-related peroxidative responses evoked by methyl-jasmonate in axenically cultured aeroponic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedling roots
Garrido, I; Espinosa, F; Cordoba-Pedregosa, MC; et al.
Conference: 6th International Conference on Plasma Membrane Redox Systems and Their Role in Biological Stress and Disease Location: RAVENNA, ITALY Date: MAR 23-26, 2002
PROTOPLASMA  Volume: 221   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 79-91   Published: 2003

77.    Systemic acquired resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).
Dmitriev, A; Tena, M; Jorrin, J
TSitologiia i genetika  Volume: 37   Issue: 3   Pages: 9-15   Published: 2003 May-Jun

78.    QSAR analysis of metal ion toxicity data in sunflower callus cultures (Helianthus annuus "Sunspot")
Enache, M; Dearden, JC; Walker, JD
Conference: 10th International Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships Workshop on Environmental Sciences Location: OTTAWA, CANADA Date: MAY 25-29, 2002
QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE  Volume: 22   Issue: 2   Pages: 234-240   Published: APR 2003

79.    Accumulation of copper by roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Lin, JX; Jiang, WS; Liu, DH
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 86   Issue: 2   Pages: 151-155   Article Number: PII S0960-8524(02)00152-9   Published: JAN 2003

80.    Two GPX-like proteins from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helianthus annuus are antioxidant enzymes with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin peroxidase activities
Herbette, S; Lenne, C; Leblanc, N; et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 269   Issue: 9   Pages: 2414-2420   Published: MAY 2002

81.    Cavitation fatigue and its reversal in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Stiller, V; Sperry, JS
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  Volume: 53   Issue: 371   Pages: 1155-1161   Published: MAY 2002

82.    Comparative uptake of plutonium from soils by Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus
Lee, JH; Hossner, LR; Attrep, M; et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION  Volume: 120   Issue: 2   Pages: 173-182   Article Number: PII S0269-7491(02)00167-7   Published: 2002

83.    Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) parasitism: induced synthesis and excretion of 7-hydroxylated simple coumarins
Serghini, K; de Luque, AP; Castejon-Munoz, M; et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY  Volume: 52   Issue: 364   Pages: 2227-2234   Published: NOV 2001

84.    EDTA and HEDTA effects on Cd, Cr, and Ni uptake by Helianthus annuus
Chen, H; Cutright, T
CHEMOSPHERE  Volume: 45   Issue: 1   Pages: 21-28   Published: OCT 2001

85.    Mineral status of female rats affects the absorption and organ distribution of dietary cadmium derived from edible sunflower kernels (Helianthus annuus L.)
Reeves, PG; Chaney, RL
Conference: Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting Location: SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Date: APR 14-18, 2000
Sponsor(s): Amer Soc Nutr Sci
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH  Volume: 85   Issue: 3   Pages: 215-225   Published: MAR 2001

86.    Total synthesis of heliannone A and (R,S)-heliannone B, two bioactive flavonoids from Helianthus annuus cultivars
Rao, YK; Rao, CV; Kishore, PH; et al.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 64   Issue: 3   Pages: 368-369   Published: MAR 2001

87.    Effect of dichlorophenolindophenol, dichlorophenolindophenol-sulfonate, and cytochrome c on redox capacity and simultaneous net H+/K+ fluxes in aeroponically grown seedling roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): new evidence for a plasma membrane CN--resistant redox chain
Garrido, I; Espinosa, F; Alvarez-Tinaut, MC
PROTOPLASMA  Volume: 217   Issue: 1-3   Pages: 56-64   Published: 2001

88.    Effects of Cu2+ on root growth, cell division, and nucleolus of Helianthus annuus L.
Jiang, WS; Liu, DH; Li, HF
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT  Volume: 256   Issue: 1   Pages: 59-65   Published: JUN 22 2000

89.    Cytological effects of water extract of Boerhaavia diffusa root on Helianthus annuus
Rajendiran, K.
Advances in Plant Sciences  Volume: 13   Issue: 1   Pages: 133-137   Published: June, 2000

90.    Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) variability in antioxidant enzyme defenses
Palomo, PJ; Lopez-Valbuena, R; Tena, M
Conference: Winter Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research (European Region) Location: GRANADA, SPAIN Date: DEC 17-19, 1998
Sponsor(s): Soc Free Rad Res, European Reg
FREE RADICAL RESEARCH  Volume: 31   Supplement: S   Pages: S227-S233   Published: 1999

91.    Cloning, sequence and characterization of a sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pathogen-induced gene showing sequence homology with auxin-induced genes from plants
Mazeyrat, F; Mouzeyar, S; Nicolas, P; et al.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY  Volume: 38   Issue: 5   Pages: 899-903   Published: NOV 1998

92.    Mitodepressive effects of water extracts of Catharanthus roseus leaf and root on Helianthus annuus
Rajendiran, K.
Geobios (Jodhpur)  Volume: 25   Issue: 2-3   Pages: 183-185   Published: April-July, 1998

93.    The role of endogenous ethylene in the expansion of Helianthus annuus leaves
Lee, SH; Reid, DM
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE  Volume: 75   Issue: 3   Pages: 501-508   Published: MAR 1997

94.    Helianol [3,4-seco-19(10->9)abeo-8 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha-eupha-4,24-dien-3-ol], a novel triterpene alcohol from the tabular flowers of Helianthus annuus L.
Akihisa, T; Oinuma, H; Yasukawa, K; et al.
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN  Volume: 44   Issue: 6   Pages: 1255-1257   Published: JUN 1996

95.    Purification characterization, and sequencing of two cysteine proteinase inhibitors, Sea and Scb, from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds
Kouzuma, Y; Kawano, K; Kimura, M; et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 119   Issue: 6   Pages: 1106-1113   Published: JUN 1996

96.    THE EFFECT OF CD2+ ON LIPID COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L) SEEDS
AGGARWAL, M; LUTHRA, YP; ARORA, SK
PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION  Volume: 47   Issue: 2   Pages: 149-155   Published: FEB 1995

97.    Immunoprotective effect of polysaccharide fractions isolated from the biomass of Helianthus annuus and Nicotiana tabacum plants
Radoucheva, T.; Dilova, K.; Markova, N.; et al.
Dokladi na B"lgarskata Akademiya na Naukite  Volume: 48   Issue: 11-12   Pages: 103-105   Published: 1995

98.    ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L)
NAKANO, M; FUKUSHIMA, M; AZUMA, H
JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN  Volume: 36   Issue: 1   Pages: 22-28   Published: FEB 1995

99.    PATTERN OF CROSS-SENSITIVITY BETWEEN 4 COMPOSITAE PLANTS, PARTHENIUM-HYSTEROPHORUS, XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM, HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS AND CHRYSANTHEMUM-CORONARIUM, IN INDIAN PATIENTS
NANDAKISHORE, T; PASRICHA, JS
CONTACT DERMATITIS  Volume: 30   Issue: 3   Pages: 162-167   Published: MAR 1994

100.    ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS FROM SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS) WITH CROSS-SENSITIVITY TO ARNICA
MACHET, L; VAILLANT, L; CALLENS, A; et al.
CONTACT DERMATITIS  Volume: 28   Issue: 3   Pages: 184-185   Published: MAR 1993

101.    TOXICITY OF SOME HEAVY-METALS INVIVO AND INVITRO IN HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
CHAKRAVARTY, B; SRIVASTAVA, S
MUTATION RESEARCH  Volume: 283   Issue: 4   Pages: 287-294   Published: DEC 1992

102.    SESQUITERPENES FROM NONCAPITATE GLANDULAR TRICHOMES OF HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
SPRING, O; RODON, U; MACIAS, FA
PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 31   Issue: 5   Pages: 1541-1544   Published: MAY 1992

103.    EPICUTICULAR TERPENOIDS AND AN AURONE FROM FLOWERS OF HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
ALFATAFTA, AA; MULLIN, CA
PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 31   Issue: 12   Pages: 4109-4113   Published: DEC 1992

104.    NEW TRITERPENOID SAPONINS FROM HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
BADER, G; ZIESCHANG, M; WAGNER, K; et al.
PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 57   Issue: 5   Pages: 471-474   Published: OCT 1991

105.    GENETIC-ENGINEERING OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L)
EVERETT, NP; ROBINSON, KEP; MASCARENHAS, D
BIO-TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 5   Issue: 11   Pages: 1201-1204   Published: NOV 1987

106.    HISTAMINE FORMING CAPACITY OF HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L SUSPENSION-CULTURES
KAMAL, R
PHARMAZIE  Volume: 41   Issue: 6   Pages: 443-444   Published: JUN 1986

107.    Ensayo clinico de un preparado topico conteniendo: urea, aceite de Helianthus annuus, aceite de Oenothera biennis, aceite de germen de trigo y piruvato sodico, sobre diversos procesos cutaneos hiperqueratosicos.
[Clinical trial of a topical preparation containing urea, sunflower oil, evening primrose oil, wheat germ oil and sodium pyruvate, in several hyperkeratotic skin conditions].
Ferrando, J
Medicina cutanea ibero-latino-americana  Volume: 14   Issue: 2   Pages: 133-7   Published: 1986

108.    NEUTRAL DITERPENOIDS OF HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
STPYREK, J
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 47   Issue: 5   Pages: 822-827   Published: 1984

109.    AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE STALK OF HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
VARGA E; SZENDREI K; DINYA Z; et al.
Fitoterapia  Volume: 55   Issue: 4   Pages: 307-309   Published: 1984

110.    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRACHYLOBAN-19-OIC AND (-)-KAUR-16-EN-19-OIC ACIDS AS ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS FROM THE PRAIRIE SUNFLOWER, HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
MITSCHER, LA; RAO, GSR; VEYSOGLU, T; et al.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 46   Issue: 5   Pages: 745-746   Published: 1983

111.    MONOCARPIC SENESCENCE IN HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L .2. PREVENTION OF FRUIT-INDUCED SENESCENCE, CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION AND CHLOROPHYLLASE ACTIVITY BY PENICILLIN
PUROHIT, SS; CHANDRA, K
PHOTOSYNTHETICA  Volume: 17   Issue: 2   Pages: 223-226   Published: 1983

112.    BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES OF SESQUITERPENE LACTONES FROM HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS - ANTI-MICROBIAL AND CYTO-TOXIC PROPERTIES - INFLUENCE ON DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS
SPRING, O; KUPKA, J; MAIER, B; et al.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES  Volume: 37   Issue: 11-1   Pages: 1087-1091   Published: 1982

113.    3 BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE HELIANGOLIDES FROM HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
SPRING, O; ALBERT, K; HAGER, A
PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 21   Issue: 10   Pages: 2551-2553   Published: 1982

114.    PENNCAP-M VERSUS PENNCAP-M PLUS STICKER APPLIED TO SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS) AT PINE BLUFFS, WYOMING - EFFECTS ON HONEY BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L)
ROSS, B; HARVEY, J
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL  Volume: 121   Issue: 7   Pages: 510-&   Published: 1981

115.    FLOWERS OF HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS, POSSIBLE SOURCE OF MENTHOL OIL
POPESCO, H
PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 39   Issue: 3   Pages: 272-272   Published: 1980

116.    HISTAMINE FROM HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L SEEDLINGS AND CALLUS-CULTURES
KAMAL, R; KHANNA, P
PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 37   Issue: 2   Pages: 181-182   Published: 1979

117.    FREE AND TOTAL QUINIC-ACID CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
MOURGUE M; STEINMETZ M D
Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie  Volume: 12   Issue: 2   Pages: 96-100   Published: 1978

118.    STABILITY OF SUNFLOWER OIL HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS EFFECTS OF CERTAIN ANTI OXIDANTS
BARUFFALDI R; TSUKUDA S; COLOMBO A J
Revista de Farmacia e Bioquimica da Universidade de Sao Paulo  Volume: 14   Issue: 2   Pages: 127-144   Published: 1976

119.    SPECIFIC INACTIVATOR OF GLYOXYSOMAL ISOCITRATE LYASE FROM SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS-L) COTYLEDONS
THEIMER, RR
FEBS LETTERS  Volume: 62   Issue: 3   Pages: 297-300   Published: 1976

120.    POLYPLOIDY AND HABITUATION IN A LONG-TERM CALLUS-CULTURE AS COMPARED TO CROWN GALL TISSUE INVIVO (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L)
BOEKEN, G; BROEKAER.D; VANOOSTV.P
HOPPE-SEYLERS ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE  Volume: 355   Issue: 10   Pages: 1178-1179   Published: 1974

121.    TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR CONTENT IN SOME VARIETIES OF SOYA BEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L) AND SUNFLOWER SEEDS (HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L)
ROY, DN; BHAT, RV
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 25   Issue: 7   Pages: 765-769   Published: 1974

122.    BIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF A LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATE FROM SUNFLOWER SEED - (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L)
EKLUND, A; AGREN, G; STENRAM, U; et al.
NUTRITION AND METABOLISM  Volume: 13   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 230-&   Published: 1971

123.    THE ACTIVITY OF LECITHIN OBTAINED FROM HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS-D IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPER LIPEMIA
SIMIONOVICI M; TOCUSANU M; BOESTEANU N; et al.
Herba Polonica  Volume: 17   Issue: 4   Pages: 404-409   Published: 1971

124.    THE INFLUENCE OF TOTAL PHOSPHO LIPIDS FROM HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS-D ON THE LIPID METABOLISM IN RATS
WINTER J; SIMIONOVICI M; BOESTEANU N; et al.
Studii si Cercetari de Biochimie  Volume: 14   Issue: 1   Pages: 99-110   Published: 1971

125.    EINWIRKUNG VON D-LEUCIN AUF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L
SCHEFFER, F; KICKUTH, R; ALDAG, R
NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN  Volume: 54   Issue: 6   Pages: 144-&   Published: 1967

126.    AN ARGINASE INHIBITOR FROM SUNFLOWER SEEDS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS)
REIFER, I; MORAWSKA, G
ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA  Volume: 10   Issue: 4   Pages: 413-&   Published: 1963

127.    Helianthus annuus, die Sonnenblume [long dash]A review.
The sunflower [long dash]A review.
SACHSE, K.
PHARMAZIE  Volume: 4   Issue: (9)   Pages: 425-428   Published: 1949

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cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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