Monday, May 18, 2015

Sapindus saponaria, Wingleaf Soapberry, Fruta-de-sabão, Мыльное дерево настоящее

Sapindus saponaria L.
Family: Sapindaceae

Synonyms: Sapindus abruptus Lour., Sapindus alatus Salisb., Sapindus forsythii DC., Sapindus inaequalis DC., Sapindus indica Poir., Sapindus microcarpus Jard., Sapindus peruvianus Walp., Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walper, Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walper, Sapindus rigidus Mill., Sapindus saponaria f. genuinus Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. inaequalis (DC.) Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. saponaria, Sapindus stenopterus DC., Sapindus thurstonii Rock, Sapindus turczaninowii Vidal

Common name: Wingleaf Soapberry
Chinese: 木患子
French: Savonnier saponaire
Malayalam: പശക്കൊട്ട
Português: Fruta-de-sabão
Russian: Мыльное дерево настоящее

Description: Trees, deciduous, to 20 m tall. Bark grayish brown or blackish brown; young branches green, glabrous. Leaves with petiole 25-45 cm or longer, axis slightly flat, grooved adaxially, glabrous or pilosulose; leaflets 5-8 pairs, usually subopposite; petiolule ca. 5 mm; blades adaxially shiny, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or slightly falcate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or pilosulose, lateral veins 15-17 pairs, nearly parallel, dense, slender, base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, conical. Flowers actinomorphic, small. Pedicels very short. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, larger ones ca. 2 mm, abaxially pilose at base. Petals 5, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially villous at base or subglabrous, long clawed; scales 2, earlike, at base adaxially. Disk acetabuliform, glabrous. Stamens 8, exserted; filaments ca. 3.5 mm, densely villous below middle. Ovary glabrous. Fertile schizocarps orange, black when dry, subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Fl. spring, fr. summer-autumn.

Used in Ayurveda. Poisonous. Fruit expectorant, used in epilepsy; unripe fruits ground and taken with honey in gout; rind  of fruit made into a paste applied to eyes to cure jaundice; ash  from the burnt fruit pericarp given with warm water in piles;  roasted  and  ground  mixture  of  fruit  pericarp  of  Sapindus  mukorossi and bark powder of Acacia catechu given to cure  piles; Caesalpinia crista young fruits decoction with seeds  of Sapindus mukorossi given in tuberculosis, malaria, fevers.  Dry powdered seeds given with hot water in leprosy; seeds  made into a paste with water applied on skin diseases. Flower  used for conjunctivitis and eye diseases. Fruits, fruit bark, for  fish poison. Ritual, rosaries made of seeds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Root: tonic, hemostatic. Fruit: toxic, narcotic, soporific, for epilepsy Seed: astringent [Medicinal Flora of Argentine]

 Root  and  Stem:  Root  and  stem-bark  for  tonic  astringents  and  bitters.  Fruit: Contains an emulsifying saponin (hederagenine) and thus used in French Guiana as a soap, and for shampooing the hair. Diuretic. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

79 Published articles of Sapindus saponaria
1.    ACARICIDAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM Sapindus saponaria AND SOAP SOLUTION AGAINST Tetranychus urticae Vicentini, V.B., et al., Bioscience Journal, 2015. 31(1): p. 118-126.
2.    Seed oil of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) as potential C16 to C22 fatty acids resource Lovato, L., et al., Biomass & Bioenergy, 2014. 60: p. 247-251.
3.    Molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts from Solanum mammosum L., S.s.L.a.J.c.L.a.P.c.Q., M., et al., Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2014. 26(10): p. 871-877.
4.    Leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of Sapindus saponaria Correa, E., et al., Boletin Latinoamericano Y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales Y Aromaticas, 2014. 13(4): p. 311-323.
5.    Activity of fractionated extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. leaves on the elongation of wheat coleoptiles Grisi, P.U., et al., Revista Latinoamericana de Quimica, 2014. 42(1): p. 64-69.
6.    Toxicity of the biopesticides Agave americana, F.a.A.a.S.s.S.o.i.s.M.t.T.I., J., et al., Neotropical Helminthology, 2013. 7(2): p. 231-241.
7.    Spermicidal and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Brazilian Sapindus saponaria Damke, E., et al., Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. 13.
8.    Spermicidal and anti- Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Brazilian Sapindus saponaria Damke, E., et al., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. 13(196): p. (28 July 2013)-(28 July 2013).
9.    Phytotoxic activity of crude aqueous extracts and fractions of young leaves of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) Grisi, P.U., et al., Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2013. 27(1): p. 62-70.
10.    Phytochemical screening and inhibitory effect of n-butanol, i.a.w.e.l.e.o.S.s.V.o.s.p.G., S. R., H. Govada, and M. Matta, Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013. 4(1): p. 463-467.
11.    Evaluation of the spermicidal and cytotoxic activity of extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. ( jaboncillo) Ospina Medina, L., et al., Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 2013. 18(2): p. 187-200.
12.    Effects of spermicidal extracts of Ananas comosus (pineapple) and Sapindus saponaria (jaboncillo) on cell viability, c.a.a.O.M., L., et al., Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 2013. 18(4): p. 534-542.
13.    Antimicrobial activity, g.i.o.h.t.c.l., and phytochemical characterization of the hydromethanolic extract obtained from Sapindus saponaria L. aerial parts Rashed, Khaled N., et al., BioMed research international, 2013. 2013: p. 659183-659183.
14.    ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Sapindus saponaria L. ROOT ON BARNYARDGRASS AND MORNINGGLORY Grisi, P.U., et al., Bioscience Journal, 2013. 29(3): p. 760-766.
15.    Seed predation of Sapindus saponaria L. by Leptostylus gibbulosus Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its effects on germination Hernandez-Jaramillo, A., O.P. Pinzon, and A. Parrado-Rosselli, Revista Colombia Forestal, 2012. 15(2): p. 247-260.
16.    Purification, p.c.a.i.v.b.a.a.p.i.o.a.n.t.i.f.S.s.s.G.d.L., G. P., et al., Febs Journal, 2012. 279: p. 81-81.
17.    Germination and vigor of Sapindus saponaria L. seeds submitted pre-germinative treatments, t.a.s.O., L. M. de, et al., Ciencia Rural, 2012. 42(4): p. 638-644.
18.    Germination and vigor of Sapindus saponaria L. seeds submitted pre-germinative treatments, t.a.s.d.O., Lucicleia Mendes, et al., Ciencia Rural, 2012. 42(4): p. 638-644.
19.    Diversity of foliar endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Sapindus saponaria L. and their localization by scanning electron microscopy Garcia, A., et al., Biological Research, 2012. 45(2): p. 139-148.
20.    DEPREDACIÓN DE LAS SEMILLAS DE Sapindus saponaria L. POR Leptostylus gibbulosus Bates (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) Y SU EFECTO EN LA GERMINACIÓN Hernandez-Jaramillo, A., O. Patricia Pinzón, and Á. Parrado-Rosselli, Colombia Forestal, 2012. 15(2): p. 247-260.
21.    Anti-snake venom activities of extracts and fractions from callus cultures of Sapindus saponaria da Silva, M.L., et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, 2012. 50(3): p. 366-375.
22.    Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plant Sapindus saponaria L Garcia, A., et al., Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012. 2(10): p. 35-40.
23.    Allelopathic potential of Sapindus saponaria L. leaves in the control of weeds Grisi, P.U., et al., Acta Scientiarum-Agronomy, 2012. 34(1): p. 1-9.
24.    Allelopathic interference of Sapindus saponaria root and mature leaf aqueous extracts on diaspore germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa Grisi, P.U., et al., Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2012. 35(1): p. 1-9.
25.    Sapindus saponaria seeds physiological quality resulting from procedures for harvesting the fruits Martins, C.C., C. Zucareli, and R.A. Coimbra, Semina-Ciencias Agrarias, 2011. 32: p. 1825-1830.
26.    In vivo activity of Sapindus saponaria against azole-susceptible and -resistant human vaginal Candida species Damke, E., et al., Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011. 11.
27.    Allelopathic Effect of Sapindus saponaria Fruit on Germination and Seedlings Morphology of Weed and Vegetables Grisi, P.U., et al., Planta Daninha, 2011. 29(2): p. 311-322.
28.    A Trypsin Inhibitor from Sapindus saponaria L. Seeds: Purification, C., and Activity Towards Pest Insect Digestive Enzyme Macedo, Maria Ligia R., et al., Protein Journal, 2011. 30(1): p. 9-19.
29.    Study and development of three jaboncillo ( Sapindus saponaria L.) products as grounding in its industrialisation Flechas C, H.A., et al., Revista Colombia Forestal, 2009. 12: p. 171-182.
30.    INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE TRES PRODUCTOS DEL JABONCILLO (Sapindus saponaria L.) COMO BASE PARA SU INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN Flechas C, H.A., et al., Colombia Forestal, 2009. 12(1): p. 171-182.
31.    Effect of extracts from Sapindus saponaria on the glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Porras, M.F. and A. Lopez-Avila, Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, 2009. 35(1): p. 7-11.
32.    Silvicultural study of Sapindus saponaria L. (jaboncillo) as a basis for its exploitation by the forestry industry Sanchez Buitrago, J.A. and L.J. Silva Herrera, Revista Colombia Forestal, 2008. 11(21): p. 71-81.
33.    Hydroxylation of a hederagenin derived saponin by a Xylareaceous fungus found in fruits of Sapindus saponaria Murgu, M., et al., Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2008. 19(5): p. 831-835.
34.    ESTUDIO SILVICULTURAL DE LA ESPECIE Sapindus saponaria L. (JABONCILLO) COMO BASE PARA SU APROVECHAMIENTO SILVOINDUSTRIAL Sánchez Buitrago, J.A. and L.J. Silva Herrera, Colombia Forestal, 2008. 11(1): p. 71-81.
35.    Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm Santos, W.L.d., et al., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008. 51(2): p. 373-383.
36.    Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm dos Santos, W.L., et al., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008. 51(2): p. 373-383.
37.    Biological Activity and Isolated Compounds in Sapindus saponaria L. and other Plants of the Genus Sapindus Pelegrini, D.D., et al., Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2008. 27(6): p. 922-927.
38.    A saponin tolerant and glycoside producer xylariaceous fungus isolated from fruits of Sapindus saponaria Amaral, L.S., et al., World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2008. 24(8): p. 1341-1348.
39.    Sub-lethal effect of aqueous vegetals extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Sapindus saponaria L. against the biology of Ascia monuste orseis at kale Medeiros, C.A.M., A.L. Boica Junior, and M.R. Angelini, Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 2007. 33(1): p. 27-34.
40.    Larvicidal potencial of Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) against Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, A.I.F., F. F., et al., Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2007. 59(1): p. 145-149.
41.    Effect of the inclusion of Sapindus saponaria on the gas and methane production in the in vitro fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum cv Cuba CT-115 Gonzalez, R., D. Delgado, and J. Cairo, Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2007. 41(1): p. 37-39.
42.    Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L Tsuzuki, J.K., et al., Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 2007. 79(4): p. 577-583.
43.    Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L Tsuzuki, J.K., et al., Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2007. 79(4): p. 557-583.
44.    Study of the morphohistological modifications in larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, C.s.t.t.p.e.e.o.S.s.L.S.F.B., Cleyde, et al., Revista de Patologia Tropical, 2006. 35(1): p. 37-57.
45.    Dereplication of glycosides from Sapindus saponaria using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Murgu, M. and E. Rodrigues, Jr., Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2006. 17(7): p. 1281-1290.
46.    The effect of saponin extracts from Pithecellobium saman and Sapindus saponaria on in vitro ruminal cellulolytic bacterial growth Santos, A.L., H. Jimenez, and A. Cano, Revista Corpoica, 2005. 6(1): p. 20-25.
47.    Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus Fernandes, F.F., et al., Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2005. 40(12): p. 1243-1245.
48.    Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus Fernandes, F.d.F., et al., Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2005. 40(12): p. 1243-1245.
49.    Ruminal fermentation, m.a.n.u.o.s.r.t.g.h.-c.d.o.w.S.s.f.a.C.a.f.H., H. D., et al., Animal Science, 2004. 79: p. 177-189.
50.    Effects of Sapindus saponaria fruits on ruminal fermentation and duodenal nitrogen flow of sheep fed a tropical grass diet with and without legume Abreu, A., et al., Journal of Animal Science, 2004. 82(5): p. 1392-1400.
51.    Supplementation of a tropical grass diet with forage legumes and Sapindus saponaria fruits: effects on in vitro ruminal nitrogen turnover and methanogenesis Hess, H.D., et al., Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2003. 54(7): p. 703-713.
52.    Effect of whole fruit, p.a.s.e.o.S.s.o.r.f.a.m.i.v.u.R.A., A., et al., Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2003. 16(2): p. 147-154.
53.    Antiulcer activity of Sapindus saponaria L. in the rat Meyer Albiero, A.L., J.A. Aboin Sertie, and E.M. Bacchi, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002. 82(1): p. 41-44.
54.    Antiulcer activity of Sapindus saponaria L. in the rat Albiero, A.L.M., J.A.A. Sertie, and E.M. Bacchi, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002. 82(1): p. 41-44.
55.    Kinetics of in situ ruminal degradation of four tropical forage trees: Leucaena leucocephala, E.c., Sapindus saponaria and Gliricidia sepium Delgado, D. C., et al., Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2001. 35(2): p. 135-139.
56.    Cytotoxic-activity of Sapindus saponaria L. fruits on Ehrlich Ascitic Tumor cells Meyer Albiero, A.L., et al., Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense, 2001. 20(3): p. 169-171.
57.    Anatomical features of leaves, f.a.s.o.S.s.L.S.A., Adriana Lenita Meyer, E.M. Bacchi, and K.S.M. Mourao, Acta Scientiarum Universidade Estadual de Maringa, 2001. 23(2): p. 549-560.
58.    The effect of Sapindus saponaria on the protozoa genera and ruminal bacteria populations Galindo, J., et al., Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 2000. 34(4): p. 337-342.
59.    Sapindus saponaria L-(Sapindaceae), a.n.h.o.E.a.L.L.T.O.W., G. L., International Journal of Pest Management, 1999. 45(4): p. 287-291.
60.    Sapindus saponaria L Salazar, R., Nota Tecnica sobre Manejo de Semillas Forestales - CATIE, 1999(94): p. 2 pp.-2 pp.
61.    Morphological characterization of fruits, s.a.s.o.S.s.L.S.P., A. A. S. and M.R.d.O. Santos, Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 1998. 20(2): p. 385-391.
62.    Morphoanatomy and lipidic composition of leaves of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) and Tipuana tipu (Benth.) O. Kunth (Leguminosae) Ponessa, G.I., et al., Lilloa, 1998. 39(2): p. 137-146.
63.    MOLLUSCICIDAL SAPONINS FROM THE PERICARP OF SAPINDUS-SAPONARIA Ribeiro, A., et al., International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1995. 33(3): p. 177-180.
64.    Saponin from Sapindus saponaria Lemos, T.L.G., et al., Fitoterapia, 1994. 65(6): p. 557-557.
65.    Reinvestigation of seed oil of Sapindus saponaria for its cyanolipid content Hasan, S.Q., Y.A. Roomi, and N. Chitra, Journal of the Oil Technologists' Association of India, 1994. 26(3): p. 77-79.
66.    New saponin from Sapindus saponaria Lemos, T.L.G., et al., Fitoterapia, 1992. 63(6): p. 515-517.
67.    LIPIDS AND FLAVONOIDS OF SAPINDUS-SAPONARIA Wahab, S.M.A. and M.A. Selim, Fitoterapia, 1985. 56(3): p. 167-168.
68.    English title not available Torrealba, J.F., et al., Gaceta Medica de Caracas, 1953. 61(10/12): p. 299-307.
69.    English title not available Barbosa, F.S., et al., Publicacoes Avulsas do Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, 1952. 1: p. 129-139.
70.    Chemical and bromatological study of the oil of Sapindus saponaria Fernandez, F.Y., An. Fac. Farm. Bioquim., Lima, 1952. 3: p. 122-124.
71.    Sapindus saponaria, S.t.B., M., Agric. Venezie, 1944. 8(95/96): p. 33-4.
72.    Saponins. III. The sapogenin occurring in Sapindus saponaria L. and sapindus mukorossi utilis (Trabuti) Jacobs, W.A., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1925. 64(2): p. 379-381.
73.    running, W.s.i.f.b.p.p.c.e.o.p.o.S.s.p.i. Mitsubishi Pencil Co.
74.    Preparing organic mixture for reducing water hyacinth or Eichhornia crassipes infestation, i.u.a.a., extract of Sapindus saponaria and calcium Figueroa, P. L. M. Figueroa P L M.
75.    Preparing organic mixture for inhibiting Aedes aegypti insect larvae in egg stage, l.o.p., involves forming Sapindus saponaria extract, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and liquid soap Figueroa, G. A. M. Figueroa G a M.
76.    Fungus infections treatment by sapindus saponaria active agents and extracts consists of fungus growth inhibition based on hydroalcoholic extracts and fractionation of these Piloto Ferreira, I.C., et al. Univ Fundacao Estadual Maringa; Piloto Ferreira I C; Inez Estivalet T; Tsuzuki J K; Garcia Cortez D A.
77.    Composition used for preparing medicament for producing spermicidal and trichomonacidal activity, a.l.f.f.r., comprises hydroalcoholic and butanolic extract of Sapindus saponaria Lopes Consolado, M. E., et al. Univ Estadual Maringa.
78.    Bacteriostatic for washing agent and skin cosmetics such as soap, o., milky lotion, lip cream, lipstick and shampoo, contains mixture of glycyrrhetic acid compound, quillaia saponaria extract and sapindus-mukoossi extract Nakahara, T. Maruzen Seiyaku Kk.
79.    Adhesion suppression method of microbe to hard surface e.g. plastics, b.a.e.c.s.e.f.Q.s., Gleditsia japonica, and Sapindus mukorossi, or saponin extracted from Cimicifuga rhizoma Harada, M., A. Kameyama, and K. Hashizume. Kao Corp.
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Circaea alpina Cissampelos pareira Cissus quadrangularis Citrullus lanatus Cleistanthus patulus Clematis gouriana Clematis montana Cleome gynandra Clerodendrum chinense Clerodendrum indicum Clerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum laevifolium Clerodendrum philippinum Clerodendrum phlomidis Clerodendrum serratum Clerodendrum splendens Clerodendrum wallichii Coccinia grandis Cocculus hirsutus Cocculus laurifolius Cochlospermum religiosum Coix lacryma-jobi Colebrookea oppositifolia Coleus aromaticus Colocasia esculenta Combretum indicum Commelina benghalensis Commelina maculata Commelina paludosa Commiphora caudata Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii Conocarpus lancifolius Consolida ajacis Convolvulus pluricaulis Cordyline fruticosa Corydalis cornuta Cosmos sulphureus Costus speciosus Cotinus coggygria Couroupita guianensis Crinum asiaticum Crocus sativus Crossandra infundibuliformis Crotalaria alata Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria prostrata Croton klotzschianus Croton scabiosus Croton tiglium Cryptolepis buchananii Cryptolepis dubia Cryptostegia grandiflora Cucumis sativus Cuminum cyminum Cupressus torulosa Curculigo orchioides Curcuma amada Curcuma longa Cuscuta reflexa Cyananthus lobatus Cyanthillium cinereum Cycas revoluta Cyclanthera pedata Cymbopogon nardus Cynodon dactylon Cyperus laevigatus Cyperus malaccensis Cyperus rotundus Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dalbergia latifolia Datisca cannabina Datura metel Datura stramonium Daucus carota Delphinium ajacis Delphinium denudatum Delphinium elatum Dendrobium densiflorum Dendrobium ovatum Derris scandens Derris trifoliata Desmodium concinnum Desmodium gangeticum Desmodium heterocarpon Desmodium multiflorum Desmodium triflorum Dichrocephala integrifolia Dicliptera paniculata Didymocarpus pedicellatus Dillenia indica Dimorphocalyx glabellus Dimorphoteca ecklonis Dioscorea alata Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscorea polygonoides Diospyros kaki Diospyros malabarica Dipteracanthus patulus Dipteracanthus prostratus Dolichandrone spathacea Dolichos biflorus Dregea volubilis Drimia indica Drosera peltata Duranta erecta Dysoxylum binectariferum Dysoxylum gotadhora Dysphania ambrosioides Echinocereus pentalophus Echinops niveus Echium plantagineum Edgeworthia gardneri Eichhornia crassipes Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeocarpus ganitrus Elephantopus scaber Eleutheranthera ruderalis Elsholtzia fruticosa Elytraria acaulis Embelia ribes Emblica officinalis Enterolobium cyclocarpum Ephedra foliata Ephedra gerardiana Epipactis helleborine Eranthemum pulchellum Eryngium foetidum Erysimum hieraciifolium Erythrina suberosa Erythrina variegata Euonymus echinatus Euonymus japonicus Eupatorium capillifolium Eupatorium perfoliatum Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia cornigera Euphorbia cotinifolia Euphorbia granulata Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hypericifolia Euphorbia milii Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbia peplus Euphorbia tirucalli Fagonia cretica Fagopyrum acutatum Ferula foetida Ficus elastica Ficus religiosa Filicium decipiens Filipendula vestita Flacourtia indica Flemingia procumbens Flemingia semialata Foeniculum vulgare Free Access Journal Fumaria indica Fumaria parviflora Furcraea foetida Galega officinalis General Gentiana kurroo Geranium lucidum Geranium nepalense Geranium pratense Geranium wallichianum Ghee Globba schomburgkii Glochidion hohenackeri Gloriosa superba Glycyrrhiza glabra Gmelina arborea Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena serrata Goodyera repens Grewia asiatica Grewia optiva Grewia serrulata Grewia tenax Gymnema sylvestre Habenaria edgeworthii Habenaria plantaginea Handroanthus impetiginosus Hedychium spicatum Helianthus annuus Helicteres isora Helinus lanceolatus Heliotropium indicum Hemidesmus indicus Hemigraphis alternata Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis hirta Heracleum sphondylium Herpetospermum pedunculosum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscus esculentus Hibiscus hirtus Hibiscus lobatus Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus vitifolius Hippophae rhamnoides Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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