Justicia carnea, Jacobinia, Brazilian plume

Justicia carnea Lindl.
Family: Acanthaceae

Common name: Pink Jacobinia, Brazilian plume, king's crown, plume flower 
Finnish: Isojaakonkukka
Swedish: Praktjakobinia

Chinese: 珊瑚花
Malay: Tarum dayak

Crushed  leaves  applied  on  abdomen  for  stomachache  in children [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

3 Published articles of Justicia carnea Lindl.

Pterospermum acerifolium, Muchukund, Dinnerplate Tree

Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd.
Family: Sterculiaceae

• Common name: Maple-leaved Bayur tree, Dinnerplate Tree
• Assamese: Moragos
• Bengali: মুচুকুন্দ Muskanda
• Chinese: 翅子树
• Hindi: Kanak Champa कनक चम्पा, Muchkund मचकुंद, परिव्याध Parivyadh, पद्म पुष्प Padma Pushp 
• Malayalam: ചെറുകൊന്ന Cerukonna, മലഞുടലി Malanjutali
• Manipuri: Kwakla
• Marathi: कर्णिकार Karnikar
• Oriya: Mushukundo, ମୁଚୁକୁନ୍ଦ
• Sanskrit: कर्णिकार Karnikar, मुचुकुन्द Muchukund
• Tamil: வெண்ணங்கு Vennangu
• Telugu: Matsakanda
• Urdu:  Gul-e-Muchkun

Description: A large tree, up to 30 m tall, with grey bark and rusty pubescent young parts. Leaves oblong, broadly obovate to ovate, orbicular or rectangular, 10-40 cm long, 8-35 cm broad, cordate, often peltate, margin wavy to distantly coarse toothed or irregularly lobed; silvery to rusty pubescent beneath, glabrescent and dark green above; petiole 5-15 cm long, densely tomentose at the base; stipules pinnatifid, caducous. Flowers mostly solitary, 10-15 cm long and across, white, fragrant; pedicel c. 2 cm long; bracts laciniate. Sepals linear-lanceolate, united at the base into short tube, 8-12 cm long, c. 1 cm broad, obtuse, rusty pubescent outside, thick, reflexed, deciduous. Petals linear-oblong or obovate, 6-12 cm long, c. 1 cm broad, reflexed, obtuse. Fertile stamens 5-9 cm long, staminodes equalling the petals; anthers 1-1.5 cm long. Carpels 5; ovary oblong, pentagonal, 5-loculed, densely rusty tomentose. Capsule 5-10 cm long, 5-valved, rusty brown-glabrescent. Seeds compressed, obliquely oval, wings brown, membranous.  

Flower—anti-inflammatory, styptic (used for bleeding piles, haematuria, ulcers). Charred flowers and bark, mixed with the powder of Mallotus philippinensis, are applied to smallpox eruptions. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Bark useful in intestinal complaints, anemia, headache and  pains. Bark and leaves used in smallpox. The indumentum  from the lower side of leaf is said to be used to prevent bleeding from wounds; leaf paste applied on headache. Flowers  and bark charred and mixed with kamala (Mallotus philippensis) applied on suppurating smallpox. A tonic from the  flowers a cure for inflammation, ulcers, tumours, headache,  abdominal pain, indigestion, dehydration, blood troubles and  leprosy; calyx made into a paste and applied on glandular  swellings around neck. The flowers kept among cloths impart  a pleasant perfume and keep away insects. Roots juice given  as antidote in poisoning; roots applied as a paste on wounds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

52 Published articles of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ratnagandhi, Peacock Flower

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz
Family: Caesalpiniaceae

• Common Name: Peacock Flower
• Bengali: ক্রিশ্নচূড়া Krishnachura, রাধাচূড়া Radhachur
• Chinese: 红蝴蝶
• Dutch: Pauwenbloem
• Finnish: Riikinkukkokesalpina
• German: Pfauenstrauch
• Hindi: गुले तूरा guletura, कृष्ण चूरा Krishna-chura, कृष्ण चरण Krishna-charan
• Indonesian: Kembang merak
• Kannada: Kenjige, ರತ್ನಗಮ್ಧಿ Ratnagamdhi
• Malayalam: Settimandaram, രാജമല്ലി
• Manipuri: ক্রিশ্নচূরা Krishnachura
• Marathi: शंखासुर Shankhasur
• Oriya: Krishnochuda
• Sanskrit: Sidhakya, कृष्णचूडा Krishnachuda, रत्नगन्धि Ratnagandhi
• Tamil: Mayurkonrai, மயில் கொன்றை Mayil konrai
• Telugu: రత్నగంధీ Ratnagandhi
• Thai: หางนกยูงไทย
• Urdu: Gul-e-turra
• Vietnamese: Kim phượng

Description: Shrub, nearly 2 m in height, branches sometimes slightly prickly. Leaves bipinnate, 10-45 cm long, pinnae 4-12 pairs, opposite, c. 7.5 cm long. Leaflets 1.2-1.3 cm long, 3-7 mm broad. Flowers in erect terminal raceme, variously orange yellow and red coloured, often claw red, centre of limb crimson, red or golden red. Filaments very long, bright red. Pod 5-7.5 cm long c. 1.7 cm broad, straight.

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Toxins. Bark juice abortifacient  and  febrifuge,  tonic,  stimulant.  Roots  abortifacient, emmenagogue,  used  for  infantile  convulsions;  root  juice given  to  treat  peptic  ulcer.  Flowers  for  intestinal  worms, coughs  and  chronic  catarrh.  Fruits  and  leaves  febrifuge, astringent.  Leaves  emmenagogue,  purgative,  antifungal, abortifacient,  to  relieve  constipation;  leaf  paste  applied  to treat  boils,  pimples  and  ringworm.  Seed  paste  applied  on infected teeth and ringworm; fresh seeds decoction used for inflamed gums. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Leaves—laxative, antipyretic. Used in Eastern India as a substitute for senna. Dried and powdered leaves are used in erysipelas. Flowers—anthelmintic. Also used for cough and catarrh. Root—a decoction is prescribed in intermittent fevers. Bark—emmenagogue, abortifacient.[Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Influenza and vaccinia virus, also anti Gram-negative bacteria and Candida sp. [Medicinal plants in tropical West  Africa]

Root: Bitter, toxic, astringent; for diarrhoea. Leaf and Flower: Infusion is diuretic. Leaf, Flower and Seed: For stomach, urinany bladder and kidney problems. Leaf and Seed: Infusion is drunk by the Djuka to induce quick, uncomplicated abortion in early pregnancy. Leaf: Infusion is drunk for kidney stones, and to accelerate childbirth. For a febrifuge, tonic, excitant, emmenagogue, and possibly an abortive at a certain dosage. Leaves of the yellow-flowered form, f. flava (Bailey &  Rehder) DeFilipps, Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas 85 (1992), are used in Surinam for  stomachache.  Flower:  Febrifuge;  infusion  drunk  as  a  tea  for  gall  bladder  problems  in  Surinam.  Fresh flowers are sudorific. Those of the red-flowered form (f. pulcherrima) are used in Surinam for urinary tract problems. Seed: Pectoral. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

118 Published articles of Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Physalis peruviana, kuntali, rashbari, chiru kakara

Physalis peruviana L.
Family: Solanaceae

Synonyms: Alkekengi pubescens Moench, Boberella peruviana (L.) E.H.L.Krause, Physalis esculenta Salisb., Physalis latifolia Lam., Physalis tomentosa Medik.

Common name: Cape Gooseberry, Goldenberry, Husk Cherry, Peruvian Ground Cherry, Poha, Poha Berry

• Azərbaycanca: Peru yergilası
• Chinese: 小果酸浆, 灯笼果
• Dutch: lampion, Kapstachelbeere
• Finnish: karviaiskoiso
• French: Nicandre faux-coqueret
• German: essbare judaskirshe
• Hindi: Macao, Tepariyo, Tipari, रसभरी Rasbhari
• Hebrew: שלפח
• Italian: fisalis
• Kannada: budde hannu, doddabudd
• Malayalam: മലതക്കാളിക്കീര Malathakkalikeera
• Marathi: popti, chirbot, phopati
• Nepali: रसभरी Rasbhari
• Portuguese: batetesta
• Quechua: aguaymanto
• Russian: Физалис перуанский
• Sanskrit: kuntali, tankari, tankasi
• Spanish: capulí
• Swedish: ananaskörsbär
• Tamil: milaku takkali, pottipallam
• Telugu: buddabusara, busarataya, చిరుకాకర chiru kakara
• Thai: โทงเทงฝรั่ง
• Turkish: Altın Çilek
• Udmurt: Перуысь физалис

Description: Herbs perennial, 45-90 cm tall. Stems erect, sparingly branched, densely pubescent. Petiole 2-5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to cordate, 6-15 × 4-10 cm, densely pubescent, base cordate, margin entire or with a few indistinct teeth, apex short acuminate. Pedicel ca. 1.5 cm. Calyx broadly campanulate, 7-9 mm. Corolla yellow, spotted in throat, 1.2-1.5 × 1.2-2 cm. Filaments and anthers blue-purple; anthers 3-4 mm long. Fruiting calyx green, ovoid, with 5-10 weak angles, 2.5-4 cm, pubescent. Berry yellow, 1-1.5 cm in diam. Seeds yellow, ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. summer, fr. autumn.

Weak annual erect herbs, to 60 cm high. Leaves alternate, to 7 x 6 cm, broadly ovate, obliquely cordate at base, entire or shortly lobed, 3-nerved from base; petiole to 3 cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicels 1 cm long, slender; calyx campanulate, accrescent in fruit, membranous; corolla campanulate, yellowish with deep brown centre, 15 mm across, tube hairy inside; stamens 5, anthers vertically splitting; ovary with many ovules, style glabrous; stigma 2-toothed. Berry globose, 10 mm across, covered by the balloon like 2.5-3 cm across fruiting calyx; seeds many, compressed.

The  immature  fruits  contain  sufficient  solanine  to  cause gastroenteritis and diarrhea if ingested, children should be discouraged  from  eating  the  fruits.  Plant  diuretic.  Leaves and root diuretic, for coughs, worms and bowel complaints, abdominal  disorders,  painful  menstruation,  stomachache, to induce labor in childbirth, as an enema for a child with abdominal  upset;  leaf  decoction  against  jaundice;  heated leaves applied as a poultice to draw pus from inflammations.

Plant—diuretic. Leaf—anthelmintic, an infusion is used in abdominal disorders. Fruits— a good source of carotene and ascorbic acid; eaten as a table fruit. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

359 Published articles of Physalis peruviana

Euphorbia nivulia, Patrashuhi, katathohar

  Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonym: Euphorbia helicothele Lem.

English: Common milk hedge, Indian Spurge Tree
Hindi: काटाथोहार, katathohar
Malayalam: Kallippala, Elakkalli, Ilakalli
Sanskrit: vajri, Patrashuhi
Telugu: బొగ్గు జిల్లేడు

Description
Large erect, fleshy deciduous, shrubs; branches terete; spines straight, 3-6 mm long, paired on flat corky base. Leaves alternate, sessile, 7-18 x 3-6.5 cm, oblanceolate-oblong or obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse, fleshy. Cyathia usually paired, in subterminal cymes. Involucre broadly cupular, yellow; lobes fimbriate; glands 5, transversely oblong, fleshy, appendage absent. Male flowers with sterile florets, bracteolate. Female florets laterally pendulous. Style stout, branched above; stigmatic lobes flattened and slightly expanded. Capsule c. 5 mm across, 3-lobed. Seeds 4-angular, smooth.

Uses: Expectorant, digestive, stomachic, abortive [Medicinal  Plants]

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Plant juice given to drink for cough, fever in children. Milky latex applied to cure scorpion stings,  bone  fracture,  rheumatism,  itch  and  skin  diseases. Stem bark powder mixed with goat milk and jaggery and the paste applied over the bone fracture. Leaves juice employed in earache and on mumps, mixed with neem oil applied in rheumatism; leaves warmed in mustard oil applied in cold and  headache.  Veterinary  medicine,  latex  applied  to  treat wounds of cattle. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Latex—used for treating jaundice, dropsy, enlargement of liver and spleen; colic; syphilis, leprosy; applied to haemorrhoids. Coagulated latex is used for bronchitis. Leaf—juice is used as a purgative. Warmed in mustard
oil, applied in cold and headache. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

22 Published articles of Euphorbia nivulia

Clematis gouriana, morata, Churanhar

Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC.
Family: Ranunculaceae

Common name: Gourian Clematis, Indian travelers's joy
Bengali: Chagalboti
Hindi: Belkum, Churanhar
Kannada: telajadari, thalejadari
Konkani: shendvel
Malayalam: Nikidakodi
Marathi: गोमेटी gometi, मोरवेल morvel
Nepali: जुंगॆ लहरा Junge lahara
Oriya: Idiya
Sanskrit: मोरट morata
Telugu: పేడుతివ pedutiwa, గౌరితీగ Gouriteega

Other Indian names: attumesaikodi, baelkan, bel kangu, belkangu, belkum, boromojhanti, chabru, cheerappookodi, chibru, churanhar, dehra, devi, dun, gokarni, gowri kunthala, idiya, jhol, jyrmi bytengdoh, kanguli, madhulika, madhurasa, madhusreni, maruvel, mookuvali talai, mor-vel, morabela, morata, moriel, moriyal, morvel, moryel, murva, pannedang, pedutivva, piluparni, poovalli, ranjai, ranjaayi, shend-vel, sruva, talajadhri, talazadari, tejani, telasadari, telejadari, totul, udurumbe soppu, udurumber soppu, yidya

Description: Climbing herbs; young branches pubescent. Leaflets 3-7, 4-6 x 1.5-3 cm, ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base, nerves tomentose below. Panicles drooping, terminal and axillary, tomentose. Flowers white, 1 cm across; sepals 7 x 4 mm, oblong, obtuse, pubescent; stamens many, filaments 8 mm long, glabrous; carpels 10-15, pubescent. Achenes 3 x 1 mm, ovoid, hairy; style persistent, ca. 30 mm long.

Used in Ayurveda. Whole plant said to be poisonous; stem and leaves bitter; the juice of freshly crushed leaves and stems has a vesicant blistering action. Whole plant juice applied on forehead for cold, headache, wound healing, antimicrobial.  Leaf  extract  applied  externally  for  eczema,  boils,  itches;  leaf  paste  applied  to  scabies,  cuts  and  wounds;  powdered  leaves taken like snuff for sinusitis. Leaves of Clematis and Dioscorea crushed together and juice dropped in the nose for epilepsy. Flowers keep off insects. Roots decoction given in stomachache. Veterinary medicine, stem and leaves bitter used as stomachic. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Antiinfection, alleviates pain, inflammation, skin disorders; antitoxic; resolves extravasate blood, rheumatic pain. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

11 Published articles of Clematis gouriana

Cicer arietinum Chickpea Bengal gram

 Cicer arietinum L.
Family: Leguminosae

Common name: Chickpea, Bengal gram, Gram
Arabic: حمص_(نبات)
Bengali: বুত Boot
Chinese: 鸡豆
Finnish: Kahviherne
French: Pois Chiche
German: Kichererbse
Gujarati: Chania
Gujarati: ચણા
Hindi: चना Chana
Kannada: ಕಡಲೆ Kadale
Malayalam: കടല
Manipuri: চনা Chana
Marathi: हरभरा Harbhara
Sanskrit: Jivana, चणकः Chanakah
Sinhala: කඩල
Swedish: kikärt
Tamil: கடலை Katalai
Telugu: శనగలు Sanagalu
Urdu: چنا

Description: Annual, Herbs, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Plants gland-dotted or with gland-tipped hairs, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules toothed or laciniate, Leaves compound, Leaflets dentate or denticulate, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets alternate or subopposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers solitary in axils, or appearing solitary, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals white, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Bann er petal narrow or oblanceolate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit gland-dotted or with gland-tipped hairs, Fruit 1-seeded, Fruit 2-seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.

Antiseptic, kidney diseases [Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]
Leaves  are  useful  in  dyspepsia  and  bronchitis.  The  seeds  are  useful  in hyperdipsia,  leprosy,  bronchitis  and  skin  diseases. [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]
Antibilious, hypocholesteremic, antihyperlipidemic, antistress. Acid exudate from the plant—used in indigestion, diarrhoea, dysentery. Seed coat extract—diuretic, antifungal (externally). Dry leaf—refrigerant. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary] 

147 Published articles of Cicer arietinum

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, wild tobacco

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Nicotiana angustifolia var. crispa (Cav.) Comes, Nicotiana cavanillesii Dunal, Nicotiana crispa Cav., Nicotiana minor Sessé & Moc., Nicotiana plantaginea DC. ex Dunal, Nicotiana pusilla Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal, Nicotiana tenella Cav.

Other names: Wild Tobacco, Tex-mex Tobacco, curled-leaved tobacco
Chinese: 皱叶烟草
Hindi: बन तंबाकू Ban tambaku, जंगली तंबाकू Jangli Tambakoo
French: Tabac à feuilles de plombago

Description: An erect viscid-pubescent plant up to 1 m tall, branched. Leaves radical and cauline. sessile, variable in size, 9-28 x 3.5-9.5 cm, elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate, entire or ± wavy, cuneate to decurrent. Panicles up to 15 cm long, lax. Pedicel up to 10 mm long, glandular-pubescent. Calyx 7-9 mm long, nervose; lobes linear-lanceolate. Corolla pink, tube 3.5-4.0 cm long, limb 10 mm broad; lobes 5, acute. Anthers shorter than filaments, ± oblong; filaments ± 20 mm long. Ovary ± 2.5 mm long. Capsule 8-10 mm long, ovoid, ± included in the persistent calyx. Seeds less than 1 mm long, subglobose to angular, minutely rugose-reticulate, brown.

Uses: Leaf juice for skin diseases. Veterinary medicine, ground leaves as germicide for animal wounds. [CRC World Dictionary of  MEDICINAL AND POISONOUS PLANTS]

213 Published articles of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia

Cestrum diurnum, Din Ka Raja

Cestrum diurnum L.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Cestrum album Ferrero ex Dun., Cestrum diurnum var. fasciatiflorum Dunal, Cestrum diurnum var. fastigiatum (Jacq.) Stehlé, Cestrum diurnum var. marcianum Proctor, Cestrum diurnum var. odontospermum (Jacq.) O.E.Schulz, Cestrum diurnum var. portoricense O.E.Schulz, Cestrum diurnum var. tinctorium (Jacq.) M.Gómez, Cestrum diurnum var. venenatum (Mill.) O.E.Schulz, Cestrum elongatum Steud., Cestrum fastigiatum Jacq., Cestrum fastigiatum Jan, Cestrum odontospermum Jacq., Cestrum pallidum Lam., Cestrum tinctorium Jacq., Cestrum tinctorium Griseb., Cestrum venenatum Mill.

Common name: Day-blooming cestrum, Day jasmine, China berry, Chinese inkberry
Hindi: Din Ka Raja दिन का राजा
Finnish: Rohtonuijakukka
Tamil: nar pakal nayaki
Thai: ทิวาราตรี
Swedish: Vit juvelbuske

Description: A shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall, branched. Leaves 4.5-12.5 x 2.5-4.0 cm, elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate. Flowers in extra-axillary peduncles. Calyx lobes shallowly obtuse, minutely ciliate. Corolla infundibuliform, lobes reflexed, obtuse. Berry ± globose, black.

56 Published articles of Cestrum diurnum

Solanum villosum, Hairy Nightshade

Solanum villosum Mill.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Solanum miniatum Bernh. ex Willd. , Solanum nigrum var. humile (Bernh. ex Willd.) C.Y. Wu & S.C. Huang    

• Common name: Yellow Nightshade, Hairy Nightshade, Red-fruited nightshade
• Chinese: 红果龙葵
• Finnish: Myskikoiso
• French: Morelle poilue
• German: Gelbfrüchtiger Nachtschatten
• Romanian: zirna galbena, zirna rosie
• Swedish: Gul nattskatta
• Welsh: Codwarth coch

Description: Herbs erect, 40-60 cm tall, much branched; pubescence of simple, sometimes glandular hairs. Stems pubescent, often angular. Petiole 5-10 mm, winged; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, decurrent, margin entire, sinuate, or coarsely dentate, apex acute. Inflorescences extra-axillary, umbellate; peduncle 1 cm, unbranched. Pedicel 4-6 mm. Calyx 2 × 1-1.5 mm, puberulent; lobes obtuse, less than 1 mm, ciliate, sinuses rounded. Corolla white or purplish, sometimes drying yellowish, 5-7 × 8-10 mm; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, ciliate, strongly spreading and reflexed. Filaments 1.5-1.8 mm, pubescent; anthers ca. 2 mm. Style 3-4.5 mm, pilose at base. Fruiting pedicel 1-1.5 cm, pubescent. Berry red, orange, or yellow, often bright, globose, 6-8 mm in diam. Seeds discoid, ca. 1 mm. Fr. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Nov.

42 Published articles of Solanum villosum

Chrozophora rottleri, Suryavarta

Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. ex Spreng.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Vernakular names in  India:  dekha  chowkdi,  dekha-chowkdi,  erra  miriyam, gubra, gurugu, khakaguddi, khudi-okra, linga menasu, linga mirapa,  lingamenasu,  shadevi,  sonballi,  souballi,  subali, suravarta, surya-varti, suryavarta

Description: es alternate, 2-5 x 1-4 cm, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or subtruncate at base, entire or shallowly crenate-sinuate, 3-5-veined from base, somewhat bullate above when young, becoming less so with age, pubescent above, densely so beneath; petiole 1-4 cm long, densely stellate-pubescent; stipules 2 mm long, linear. Inflorescence 1-5 cm long, leaf-opposed. Male flowers: pedicels 1 mm long; sepals c. 3 mm long, lanceolate, stellate-pubescent; petals pink, 3 mm long, elliptic-oblong, lepidote without; stamens 15, united into 4 mm tall column; anthers 1 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels c. 5 mm long, extending up to 1.5 cm or more in fruit; sepals 1.5-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate, stellate-pubescent; petals minute or absent. Ovary 2 mm diameter, densely stellate-pubescent; styles 1-1.5 mm long, bifid almost from base, stellate-pubescent without, densely papillose within. Fruit 4 x 7 mm, rounded, 3-lobed, stellate-pubescent; seeds 3-3.5 x 2-2.5 mm, globose-ovoid, grey.

Used in Ayurveda. Plant acrid, poisonous, emetic, cathartic, drastic corrosive. Leaves depurative, seeds purgative; ashes of the roots administered to children for cough; root powder given with water in cough and cold. Leaves chewed to treat leucoderma; crushed leaves applied in sunburn and sunstroke. Fish poison. Veterinary medicine, leaves used in the treatment of skin diseases on neck of horses. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Published articles of Chrozophora rottleri

Putranjiva roxburghii, Putrajivika, Lucky Bean Tree

Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.
Family: Putranjivaceae

Common name: Putranjiva, Lucky Bean Tree
Bengali: Putranjiva, Jioysuta
Gujarati: પુત્રંજીવા Putranjiva
Hindi: Putijia, जियापोथा jiyapotha
Kannada: ಪುತ್ರಮ್ಜೀವ Putramjiva , ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಲೆ Menasinakale, Amani Putrajiva
Konkani: Saman
Malayalam: Pongalam, പുത്തിലഞ്ഞി Puththilanji
Marathi: Jivanputra, Patravanti
Oriya: Poilundia
Sanskrit: पुत्रंजीव: Putrajivah
Tamil: Irukolli, Karupala, புத்திரசீவி, கறிப்பாலை Kari-p-palai
Telugu: Kuduru, పుత్రజీవిక Putrajivika
Urdu: Paishandia

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Plant useful for women whose children  died  in  uterus.  Leaves  and  fruit  for  rheumatism, cold and fever. Dry fruits and seeds decoction given for cold, fever and rheumatism. Used in religion and magico-religious beliefs, said to increase fertility in women, for making conception; contact therapy, stones of the fruit strung together to form rosaries and used as a necklace to preserve children from harm; seeds worn as necklace by persons suffering from acute cough and cold; fruits used as necklace by a pregnant woman to prevent miscarriage; dried fruits in a garland used as necklace to cure skin allergy and itch. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Leaves, fruits and stones of fruits are given in colds and fevers, also in rheumatic affections. Rosaries, made of hard stones of the fruit, are placed around the necks of children to protect them from diseases. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

42 Published articles of Putranjiva roxburghii

Malachra Capitata, Vilayati Bhindi

Malachra capitata (L.) L.
Family: Malvaceae

English: malva de caballo
Bengali: বন ভিংডী Ban Bhindi
Gujarati: પરદેસી ભિંડૉ Pardesi Bhindo
Hindi: विलायती भिंडी Vilayati Bhindi
Marathi: विलायती भेंडी Vilayati Bhendi

Description: Annual or perennial, erect herbs or undershrubs, to 1.5 m high; stems, petioles and peduncles densely pubescent with prickly stellate and simple hairs. Leaves alternate, orbicular or ovate, 3-5 angled or lobed, cordate at base, crenate to serrate at margin, obtuse or rounded at apex, 3-14 x 4-20 cm, velutinous with stellate and simple hairs on both surfaces, glabrescent, 5- nerved at base; petioles 2-8 cm long; stipules 1-2 cm long, filiform, rarely forked, hispid. Inflorescences 0.5-1.5 cm long, stout bearing 3-7 heads; each head with 2-5 flowers encircled by 3 or 4 leafy bracts; bracts ovate to orbicular, cordate to rounded at base, entire or crenate-serrate at margin, acute at apex with a slightly recurved tip, 0.5-2 cm across, folded along midnerve, stellate-pubescent and also with stiff bristles at margin and on nerves beneath. Calyx cupular, accrescent; lobes oblong to deltoid, acuminate, ca 6x 1.5 mm, 3-nerved with a few stiff simple hairs at apex. Corolla ca 1.5-2.5 cm across, bright yellow; petals obovate, ca 1.5 x 1 cm, ciliate at base, densely stellate-hairy outside, glabrous inside. Staminal column ca 1 cm long, pubescent with both stellate and simple hairs and a few glandular hairs, antheriferous throughout. Ovary glabrous; styles ca 1.3 cm long, glabrous, 10-branched; stigmas capitate, hairy. Schizocarps obpyriform, 5-6 mm across; mericarps 5, 3-gonous, acute at base, rounded at apex, ca 3 x 2 mm, glabrous, reticulate with brownish nerves, whitish; seeds 3-gonous, ca 2.5 mm long, covered with minute stellate hairs, brownish black.

Used to cure Infertility Fresh fruit  Fed to the patient 5 raw fruits daily during menstrual period for 3 months [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

11 Published articles of  Malachra Capitata

Nigella sativa, Krishnaajira, Karunjeeragam

Nigella sativa L.
Family: Ranunculaceae

• Common name: Black Seed, Fennel flower, Nutmeg flower, Onion seed, Black cumin
• Amharic: ጥቁር አዝሙድ
• Arabic: حبة السوداء
• Bengali: কালো জিরা, কালোজিরা Kalo jira
• Bulgarian: Челебитка посевна
• Catalan: Sanuj
• Croatian: Crni kumin
• Czech: Černý kmín
• Danish: Sortkommen
• Dutch: Zwarte komijn
• Esperanto: Nigelo
• Estonian: Mustköömen
• Finnish: Ryytineito
• French: Nigelle cultivée, Herbe aux épices
• German: Schwarzkümmel
• Hebrew: קצח
• Hindi: कलौंजी, कलोंजी Kalaunji, कालाजीरा
• Hungarian: Feketekömény
• Indonesian: Jinten hitam
• Japanese: ニゲラ
• Kannada: ಕರಿ ಜೀರಿಗೆ kari jirige
• Kazakh: Содана
• Korean: 블랙쿠민
• Latin: Semen Nigellae sive Melanthii
• Latvian: Melnsēklīte
• Lithuanian: Juodgrūdė
• Malay: Jintan hitam
• Malayalam: കരിഞ്ചീരകം karinjirakam
• Norwegian: Svartkarve
• Polish: Czarnuszka siewna
• Romanian: Cernușcă
• Russian: černuška posevnaja, Нигелла
• Sanskrit: कृष्णजीरा Krishnajira
• Sinhalese: Kaluduru
• Slovak: Černuška siata
• Slovenian: Vzhodna črnika
• Spanish: neguilla
• Swedish: Svartkummin
• Thai: เทียนดำ
• Turkish: çörekotu
• Ukrainian: Чорнушка посівна
• Urdu: Kalaunji

Ayurvedic uses: Atisara, Gulma, Adhmaana, Krimiroga (API Vol-1)

Nigella sativa Oil showed prominent in vitro activity against eight MDR strains of Shigella flexneri. [ Clinical Botanical Medicine]

Chronic gastritis, ascariasis, flatulence and malaria [Compendia of World’s Medicinal Flora]

Used in Ayurveda. Powdered seeds paste applied on eczma and  skin  diseases.  Used  for  headache,  rheumatic  pains, asthma and coughs, also applied as a galactagogue, emmenagogue, cooling, tonic, vermifuge and diuretic. Excessive use of seed causes abortion [CRC World Dictionary of  Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

The seeds of black cumin are used for seasoning and are employed in spice mixes. The odor of crushed seeds has been described as like lemons with a faint suggestion of carrots (Burkill 1935), while the taste is strong, pungent, peppery, rather oddly aromatic, and nutty, "like a cross between poppy seeds and pepper" (Norman 1990). The alternative name nutmeg flower reflects similarity with the strong, agreeable aromatic odor of nutmeg.  The seeds are added to curries, pickles, cheeses, eggs, fish, poultry, meats, game, pickles, conserves,  fruit pies, and confections, particularly cookies, rolls and bread. They are also used to flavor a variety of vegetable dishes. The seeds used to be employed as a substitute for pepper. [Culinary Herbs]

Black cumin, is used in herbal folk medicine all over the world especially in the Middle East, Europe and Asia since antiquity for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and disorders that include asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hyperglycaemia, and related abnormalities headache, dysentery, infections, obesity, back pain, hypertension, gastrointestinal problems, eczema, boils, rheumatism, cancer, fungal infections, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac diseases, hemorrhoids, sexual diseases and as an abortifacient [ Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-5]

N. sativa was used by Ancient Egyptian and Greek physicians to treat nasal congestion, toothache, as a diuretic to promote menstruation, and to increase milk production,  bronchial asthma, headache, dysentery, infections, obesity, back pain, hypertension, and gastrointestinal problems. [Greco-Arab and Islamic herbal Medicine]

Avicenna used this plant to treat headaches, facial paralysis, and eye cataracts, and when mixed together with honey in hot water to remove bladder and kidney stones. An infusion of the seeds is used to treat toothaches, gastric and intestinal diseases and chest pains, and is used as a, diuretic, sopori fi c, and vermifuge for children (seeds in vinegar), as well as to treat angina and stimulate milk production in women. [The Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]

521 Published articles of Nigella sativa

Psidium guajava, Guava, Jaama, Goyya

Psidium guajava L.
Family: Myrtaceae

Synonyms: Guajava pumila (Vahl) Kuntze , Guajava pyrifera (L.) Kuntze , Myrtus guajava (L.) Kuntze , Myrtus guajava var. pyrifera (L.) Kuntze , Psidium angustifolium Lam. , Psidium aromaticum Blanco [Illegitimate] , Psidium cujavillus Burm.f. , Psidium cujavus L. , Psidium fragrans Macfad. , Psidium guajava var. cujavillum (Burm.f.) Krug & Urb. , Psidium guajava var. guajava , Psidium guajava var. minor Mattos , Psidium guava Griseb. , Psidium igatemyense Barb.Rodr. , Psidium igatemyensis Barb. Rodr. , Psidium intermedium Zipp. ex Blume , Psidium pomiferum L. , Psidium pomiferum var. sapidissimum (Jacq.) DC. , Psidium prostratum O.Berg , Psidium pumilum Vahl , Psidium pumilum var. guadalupense DC. , Psidium pyriferum L. , Psidium pyriferum var. glabrum Benth. , Psidium sapidissimum Jacq. , Psidium vulgare Rich. , Syzygium ellipticum K.Schum. & Lauterb.

• English: Guava
• Bengali: Pyara
• Chinese: 番石榴
• Dutch: guave
• Finnish: Hedelmäguava
• French: Goyavier commun
• German: guave
• Hindi: Amrood अमरूद
• Italian: Guaiava
• Portuguese: araçá
• Spanish: guayaba
• Tamil: கொய்யா Goyya
• Telugu: జామ Jaama

Description: Trees, to 13 m tall. Bark gray, smooth, peeling in strips. Branchlets angular, pubescent. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 6-12 × 3.5-6 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent, adaxially slightly rough, secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein and usually impressed, reticulate veins obvious, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 in cymes. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 5 mm, pubescent. Calyx cap nearly rounded, 7-8 mm, irregularly opening. Petals white, 1-1.4 cm. Stamens 6-9 mm. Ovary adnate to hypanthium. Style as long as stamens. Berry globose, ovoid, or pyriform, 3-8 cm, with persistent calyx lobes at apex; flesh white or yellow; placenta reddish, well developed, fleshy. Seeds many.

Part Used: Leaf, Fruit.  Guava  is  most  commonly  prescribed  traditionally  for  diarrhea because of the astringent qualities of the leaves and unripe fruit. It is also useful to treat cases of blocked or irregular menstruation, and cases of chronic stress or anxiety.
Preparation: Flame-roast 10–15 leaves until yellow in color. Boil in 1 pint  (500 ml) water. Take  1 / 2 cup (125 ml) decoction every 3 hours as needed. Powder may also be made from the unripe fruit by removing the seeds, drying, and grinding. Take 1 tsp dry or in hot water. For a gentler effect, the unripe fruit may also be eaten fresh, dipped into a mixture of sugar, salt, and chili powder. Or unripe guava may be juiced and drunk with a pinch of salt. [A Thai Herbal Traditional Recipes for Health and Harmony]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Twigs decoction taken orally for malaria and fevers; juice from tender shoots given in  dysentery.  Leaves  antimalarial,  astringent,  styptic,  antibacterial, antiemetic, for wounds, ulcers, blisters in mouth, astringent  for  bowels;  leaves  eaten  raw  to  treat  diarrhea; young leaves chewed to cure mouth blisters; leaves juice or leaf  paste  taken  for  diarrhea  and  dysentery;  young  leaves boiled, honey added, and the decoction mixture drunk for diarrhea, especially in children; leaves decoction for stomachache,  cough,  cold,  gargled  for  toothache.  Tea  from  the bark  or  from  the  leaves  an  excellent  remedy  for  diarrhea, dysentery, sores, vomiting, cuts and sore throat. Bark juice given in diarrhea and dysentery; paste of stem bark applied on burns; bark decoction or bark juice a remedy for stomachache, skin diseases; root bark pounded and plastered on bone fracture and in sprains. Fruits styptic, an infusion for dysentery; unripe fruit effective in bowel disorders, diarrhea, dysentery; powdered tender fruits mixed with water given for loose motions and as emetic. Fresh flowers along with juice applied as anthelmintic. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Unripe fruit—antidiarrhoeal. Leaves—used for dysentery, diabetes, cough and cold. Flowers - anthelmintic. Guava juice may be helpful in regulating blood sugar in type 2 diabetes and syndrome X. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Entire plant, infusion: for diarrhea Bark, infusion: emmenagogue, astringent, febrifuge; for hypertension, infections, malaria, rabies, stomachache, and antidysenteric. Dried leaf, decoction: anti-emetic. Fruit: antidiarrheal Dried fruit: anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity Fresh fruit: antimutagenic and antihyperglycemic activity [Medicinal flora of Argentina]

220 Pharmacology / Pharmacy related Published articles of Psidium guajava