Annona muricata L. Family: Annonaceae
Synonyms: Annona bonplandiana Kunth, Annona cearaensis Barb.Rodr., Annona macrocarpa Wercklé, Annona muricata var. borinquensis Morales, Annona muricata f. mirabilis R.E.Fr., Guanabanus muricatus M. Gómez
- English: Soursop, Brazilian pawpaw, Prickly custard apple, Graviola
- Assamese: Ata-phal, Atlas
- Kannada: Mulluramaphala
- Tamil: Mullu-sitha-pazham, முள்ளு சீதா
- Malayalam: മുള്ളാത്ത
- Chinese: 刺果番荔枝
- Dutch: zuurzak,
- Finnish: Oka-annoona
- French: anone
- Spanish, German, Portuguese: Anona
- korea: 가시여지
- Polish: Flaszowiec miękkociernisty
- Persion: ساپادیل
- Czech: Láhevník ostnitý
- Divehi: އަނޯނާ
- Esparanto: Pikilanono
- Slovak: Anona mäkkoostnatá
Description: Tree about 5-10 m tall. Bark dark brown, corky and fissured, branchlets subglabrous grayish brown with dark circular dots. Leaves simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 10-16 x 3-6 cm across, base acute, margin entire, apex acute, shallow acuminate or obtuse with mucronate tip, coriaceous, dark green, shining glabrous above, paler glaucous beneath, lateral veins 9-14 on either side of the midrib, almost parallel, impressed above, prominent on the midrib beneath, reticulate veinlets fine and close, petiole pubescent, about 0.5-1 cm long. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary, subcapitate, about 6-8 cm across, pedicels slender, stout, about 1-1.5 cm long. Sepals 3, ovate, apex acute or connate into a 3 angled shallow cup, thick, greenish when young yellow when mature outside and yellow, glabrous inside, about 3-5 x 5-6 cm long. Petals 6, subequal, ovate, apex acute, thick, glabrous, yellow outside and inside, about 3-3.5 x 2-2.5 cm long cm across, inner petals 1.5 x 1 cm squamose. Stamens numerous, linear, about 4-5 mm long, filaments fleshy, broad at the base, with apically capitates top of the connective. Carpels many, linear oblong, slightly curved, about 4 mm long, style broad at the base, stigma sessile, entire. Ripe carpels, broadly subglobose or ellipsoid in fruit, muricate, green, warty covered with long curved spines, slightly arolate with white pulp, about 8-10 cm in long, puberulous, stalk stout, about 2-3 cm long, Seeds many, dark brown or reddish brown, slightly flattened.
Uses: Used in Sidha. Plants used for hypertension; roots, leaves, and fruit to cure dysentery; poultice of fruits for ringworm., Extracts from Annona muricata active against Leishmania, spp. and Trypanosoma. Antiparasitic, the seeds contain a yellow oil applied to the hair to kill lice, though it is irritant, to the eyes. Acetogenins in Annona muricata leaves potent, molluscicides. Leaves pounded in water and applied to treat, itch, boils; crushed leaves of Annona muricata mixed with a, red paste from the leaves of Trigonopleura malayana applied, as a rubefacient to treat stomachache and diarrhea; leaves, decoction drunk for easy delivery; leaves anthelmintic, taken, with sugar to remove worms from intestine; crushed leaves, applied as a poultice to the stomach to treat cholera. Bark, infusion for dysentery, against intestinal worms and to stop cough. Roots as fish poison. Veterinary medicine, seed powder applied on wounds to remove worms in cattle.
For the common cold or flu, a tea is prepared using the leaves of guanábana combined, with cinnamon (canela) bark, acerola cherry (cereza) leaves and bitter orange (naranja agria) leaves., Guanábana leaves are used to support recovery from musculoskeletal injury, typically prepared as a tea in, combination with lemongrass (limoncillo) leaves, sweet orange (naranja) leaves and lime/lemon (limón), fruit. For menopausal hot flashes, a tea is prepared of the leaves and is considered a relaxant, often, combined with the leaves/stalk of lemongrass (limoncillo). To calm down anxiety and “nerves” (los, nervios), a sedative tea is prepared of the leaves along with lemon/lime (limón) or sweet orange (naranja), leaves and taken internally. For children with fever, a bath is prepared using the leaves of this plant. The, fruit is thought to be cold (frío) or cooling (fresco) and is used as a diuretic and to lower fever. Healers consider the leaves of this plant to be potentially toxic if taken in large doses, so caution, is advised and only small to moderate amounts of the tea should be taken internally. This herb should not, be taken for an extended period of time. To avoid extracting too many toxins from this potent plant, herbalists advise that the leaves be boiled only for a very short period of time when preparing a, tea/decoction. Herbalists contraindicate eating the fruit during pregnancy or menstruation because it is attributed very cold properties which could cause complications such as menstrual cramps, the, accumulation of phlegm and mucha frialdad en la matriz (lots of “coldness” in the womb). [Dominican Medicinal Plants: A Guide for Health Care Providers]
All parts of the tree have been used in traditional folkloric medicine in various cultures for various ailments and complaints. The leaves and seeds of the tree have long been used by native peoples of various cultures for an astounding variety of ailments, ranging from parasites (the seeds), to high blood pressure and cancer. Seeds are emetic, Pulverized seeds and seed oil effective for head lice. Flowers are regarded to be antispasmodic and pectoral and used to alleviate catarrh. Infusion of leaves have been used as sudorific, antispasmodic and emetic. In the Caribbean, it is believed that laying the leaves of the soursop on a bed below a sleeping person with a fever will break the fever by the next morning. Also, boiling the leaves and drinking was believed to help induce sleep. Decoctions of leaves have been used as compresses for inflammation and swollen feet and similar decoction used for treating head lice and bedbugs. Poultice of mashed leaves and sap of young leaves have been employed for eczema and skin eruptions. Ripe fruit is reported antiscorbutic and is also used as an anthelmintic. Pulp of soursop has been used as poultice to draw out chiggers; and the juice of ripe fruit used as diuretic and for hematuria and urethritis. The unripe and dried fruit, also astringent, is used in diarrhoea, among the Amerindians. Unripe fruit and seeds are astringent and used for dysentery. The tea, fruit, and juice are used medicinally to treat illness ranging from stomach ailments to worms. The bark is used in powdered form for diarrhoea and dysentery and is used by the Chinese and Malays in Malaysia as tonic. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-1]
The tanniferous unripe fruits and bark of Annona muricata L. are eaten so as to stop dysentery and diarrhea. In Indonesia, the crushed leaves are applied externally to heal boils and a powder of the dried leaves is used to kill insects. A decoction of the leaves is drunk to expel intestinal worms. In Malaysia, a liquid preparation containing the leaves is applied externally to treat rheumatism, and to alleviate cough and fever. A poultice of the powdered leaves is applied externally to soothe inflamed parts and to treat skin diseases. In the Philippines, the green bark is applied externally to heal wounds and to stop bleeding, and a decoction of the leaves is used to wash ulcers and to heal wounds. In Vietnam, an infusion of leaves is drunk to combat anxiety. In India, the oil expressed from the seeds is applied to the hair to kill lice, but it burns the eyes. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Traditionally, the leaf has been used in the treatment of headaches, hypertension, cough, asthma and as an antispasmodic, sedative and nervine for heart condition. It has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The fruit has been traditionally applied for cough, hypertension, rheumatism, tumors, cancer, asthma, childbirth, lactagogue, tranquilizer and in liver disorders, as well as arthritis, where extracts are applied externally. The leaf is also used for treating headaches, insomnia, cystisitis, liver problems, diabetes and as anti- inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-dysenteric agents. The decoction of the leaf has parasitic, anti-rheumatic and neuralgic effects when used internally, while when cooked, the extract of leaf is applied topically against rheumatism and abscesses. [Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World - Africa Volume 3]
The fruit pulp. which is used in the preparation of drinks and ice-cream. contains vitamin C. It has been used as a febrifuge and the dried unripe fruit in the form of a powder was at one time used for dysentery. The plant (probably a tea made from the leaves) is said to induce perspiration and to be used for colds and 'nerves'. In Africa the whole plant is used for colds. coughs and fever, and the bark and root. which contain tannin. for dysentery and worms. In the Grenadines the leaves are used to make tea for fever, coughs and colds, 'to cool the blood' and as a sedative for vomiting. [Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
Stem: Bark and leaf infusion for a sedative or cardiotonic. Branches contain irritant sap. Leaf: Narcotic, for antispasmodic infusions and a calmative; in cataplasms to treat whitlow; infusion for fever with a cold, for a sedative, and to relieve overheating; extract calms nervous conditions; decoction for hypertension and heart conditions such as palpitations, the latter benefitted especially when the leaves are mixed with Ludwigia erecta. Leaves are boiled with the leaves of avocado and drunk as an anti-hypertensive, by the Guyana Patamona. Leaves are boiled with water and drunk as a medication for fluttering of the heart, by the Guyana Patamona. Fruit: For bedwetting children; decoction for excess foot and hand perspiration; antiscorbutic, febrifuge; for a mild antidysenteric and a good vermifuge. Fruit is used for making a tonic, by the Guyana Patamona. In NW Guyana, used for fever, headache, hypertension, and to treat heart problems. Seed: Ingredient in a remedy for convulsions. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)
Hot water extract of dried leaves is taken orally as a sedative. Hot water extract of fresh leaves is taken orally as an analgesic Decoction of dried leaves is used externally to treat rashes, skin diseases and skin infections. Patient is bathed in the cool green solution obtained by boiling the leaves in water. The decoction is taken orally to treat indigestion. Crushed leaves produce a scent that is inhaled for dizziness and fainting spells. Hot water extract of Fruit, when eaten by women, is believed to induce lactation. Women in labor take hot water extract of leaves as a tea leaves is taken orally for gall bladder trouble. The extract is taken orally with Citrus aurantium every morning to relieve nervousness. The extract is also taken orally for easy childbirth. Hot water extract of dried leaves is used in a poultice for asthma, ringworm. Decoction of dried leaves is taken orally for grippe, coughs, and asthenia. Fresh fruit juice is taken orally for asthenia [Medicinal Plants of the World Vol 1]
218 Published articles of Annona muricata
1. Wahab, S.M.A., et al., Exploring the Leaves of Annona muricata L. as a Source of Potential Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Agents. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018. 9.
2. Rosdi, M.N.M., et al., Molecular docking studies of bioactive compounds from Annona muricata Linn as potential inhibitors for Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Mcl-1 antiapoptotic proteins. Apoptosis, 2018. 23(1): p. 27-40.
3. Pinto, L.C., et al., Potential of Annona muricata L. seed oil: phytochemical and nutritional characterization associated with non-toxicity. Grasas Y Aceites, 2018. 69(1).
4. Maria Quilez, A., et al., Diets supplemented with Annona muricata improve the symptoms of fibromyalgia. PharmaNutrition, 2018. 6(3): p. 81-84.
5. Mancini, S., et al., Functionalized liposomes and phytosomes loading Annona muricata L. aqueous extract: Potential nanoshuttles for brain-delivery of phenolic compounds. Phytomedicine, 2018. 42: p. 233-244.
6. Justino, A.B., et al., Annona muricata Linn. leaf as a source of antioxidant compounds with in vitro antidiabetic and inhibitory potential against alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, lipase, non-enzymatic glycation and lipid peroxidation. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018. 100: p. 83-92.
7. Guardado-Valdivia, L., et al., Identification and characterization of a new Bacillus atrophaeus strain B5 as biocontrol agent of postharvest anthracnose disease in soursop (Annona muricata) and avocado (Persea americana). Microbiological Research, 2018. 210: p. 26-32.
8. Bento, E.B., et al., Antiulcerogenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Annona muricata Linnaeus in mice. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2018. 25(4): p. 609-621.
9. Syed Najmuddin, S.U.F., et al., Comparative study of antioxidant level and activity from leaf extracts of Annona muricata Linn obtained from different locations. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 2017. 40(1): p. 119-130.
10. Sun, S., et al., Novel Annonaceous acetogenins from Graviola (Annona muricata) fruits with strong anti-proliferative activity. Tetrahedron Letters, 2017. 58(19): p. 1895-1899.
11. Sulistyoningrum, E., et al., Annona muricata leaves extract reduce proliferative indexes and improve histological changes in rat's breast cancer. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2017. 7(1): p. 149-155.
12. Shaniba, V.S., A.A. Aziz, and P.R.M. Kumar, PHYTO-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ANNONA MURICATA FRUIT EXTRACT, ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOMEDICAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC POTENTIAL. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2017. 8(1): p. 170-181.
13. Roduan, M.R.M., et al., Annona muricata leaves extracts prevent DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis via modulating antioxidants enzymes system in ICR mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2017. 94: p. 481-488.
14. Robles, J.F., et al., Anti-proliferative Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Annona muricata in Colon, Lung and Skin Cancer Cell Lines. Faseb Journal, 2017. 31.
15. Pinto, N.d.C.C., et al., Antimicrobial Annona muricata L. (soursop) extract targets the cell membranes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 2017. 107: p. 332-340.
16. Pinto, N.d.C.C., et al., Antimicrobial Annona muricata L. (soursop) extract targets the cell membranes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 2017. 107: p. 332-340.
17. Oliveira, A.P., et al., Exploratory Studies on the in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Potential of Two Herbal Teas (Annona muricata L. and Jasminum grandiflorum L.), and Relation with Their Phenolic Composition. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2017. 14(6).
18. Morosetti, G., et al., Ellagic acid and Annona muricata in the chemoprevention of HPV-related pre-neoplastic lesions of the cervix. Oncology Letters, 2017. 13(3): p. 1880-1884.
19. Mohd Rohaizad, M.R., et al., Annona muricata leaves extracts prevent DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis via modulating antioxidants enzymes system in ICR mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2017. 94: p. 481-488.
20. Le Donne, M., et al., Antiviral activity of Ellagic acid and Annona Muricata in cervical HPV related pre-neoplastic lesions: A randomized trial. Journal of Functional Foods, 2017. 35: p. 549-554.
21. Lawal, Z.A., et al., Biochemical properties, in-vitro antimicrobial, and free radical scavenging activities of the leaves of Annona muricata. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2017. 21(6): p. 1197-1201.
22. Laboureur, L., et al., Structural Characterisation of Acetogenins from Annona muricata by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Phytochemical Analysis, 2017. 28(6): p. 512-520.
23. Jannah, R., M.A. Husni, and R. Nursanty, Inhibition test of methanol extract from soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn.) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Jurnal Natural, 2017. 17(1): p. 23-30.
24. Indrawati, L., et al., The effect of an Annona muricata leaf extract on nutritional status and cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017. 26(4): p. 606-612.
25. Gualteros Bustos, A.V., M. Gomez Jimenez, and R.M. Sanchez Mora, The Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract affects mobility and reproduction in mutant strain NB327 Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2017. 10: p. 282-286.
26. Gavamukulya, Y., F. Wamunyokoli, and H.A. El-Shemy, Annona muricata: Is the natural therapy to most disease conditions including cancer growing in our backyard? A systematic review of its research history and future prospects. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2017. 10(9): p. 835-848.
27. Fernandez, A.E.L., et al., Evaluation of emerging methods on the polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and qualitative presence of acetogenins in soursop pulp (Annona muricata L.). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2017. 39(Special Issue): p. e-358.
28. Djamiatun, K., et al., Annona muricata modulate brain-CXCL10 expression during cerebral malaria phase, in 2nd International Conference on Tropical and Coastal Region Eco Development 2016, Hadiyanto, Editor. 2017.
29. Deciga-Campos, M., et al., Antinociceptive and Antihyperalgesic Activity of a Traditional Maya Herbal Preparation Composed of Pouteria Campechiana, Chrysophyllum Cainito, Citrus Limonum, and Annona Muricata. Drug Development Research, 2017. 78(2): p. 91-97.
30. Damayanti, D.S., D.H. Utomo, and C. Kusuma, Revealing the potency of Annona muricata leaves extract as FOXO1 inhibitor for diabetes mellitus treatment through computational study. In Silico Pharmacology, 2017. 5(1): p. 3-Article No.: 3.
31. Bonneau, N., et al., H-1 qNMR Quantification of Annonaceous Acetogenins in Crude Extracts of Annona muricata L. Fruit Pulp. Phytochemical Analysis, 2017. 28(4): p. 251-256.
32. Berawi, K.N., et al., Comparison effectiveness of antidiabetic activity extract herbal mixture of soursop leaves (Annona muricata), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) and pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica). Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 2017. 10(3): p. 1481-1488.
33. Anabi Riley-Saldana, C., et al., Acetogenins and alkaloids during the initial development of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae). Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2017. 72(11-12): p. 497-506.
34. Agu, K.C., et al., Isolation and elucidation of 15-acetylguanacone from soursop (Annona muricata Linn) fruit and molecular docking experiments. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2017. 21(2): p. 236-243.
35. Agu, K.C. and N.P. Okolie, IN VIVO ANTI-NEOPLASTIC PROPERTIES OF ANNONA MURICATA ON CYCAS -TREATED ADULT WISTAR RATS. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 2017. 74(6): p. 1813-1826.
36. Acesio, N.O., et al., Assessment of the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of the Annona muricata leaves and their influence on genomic stability. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a-Current Issues, 2017. 80(23-24): p. 1290-1300.
37. Yang, H., N. Liu, and S. Lee, Ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. induces liver cancer cell apoptosis through ROS pathway. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 2016. 9(3): p. 919-925.
38. Vijayalingam, T.A., N.V. Rajesh, and R.K. Devi, Antipediculicidal activity of seed extracts of Annona muricata Linn. Annals of Phytomedicine-an International Journal, 2016. 5(1): p. 122-126.
39. Sun, S., et al., Isolation of three new annonaceous acetogenins from Graviola fruit (Annona muricata) and their anti-proliferation on human prostate cancer cell PC-3. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2016. 26(17): p. 242-245.
40. Somsak, V., N. Polwiang, and S. Chachiyo, In vivo antimalarial activity of Annona muricata leaf extract in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Journal of Pathogens, 2016. 2016: p. 3264070-Article ID 3264070.
41. Samrot, A.V., et al., Evaluation of bioactivity of Annona muricata, Piper betle and Mentha spicata. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 2016. 6(1): p. 1-8.
42. Rottscholl, R., et al., Chronic consumption of Annona muricata juice triggers and aggravates cerebral tau phosphorylation in wild-type and MAPT transgenic mice. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2016. 139(4): p. 624-639.
43. Prabhakaran, K., et al., Polyketide Natural Products, Acetogenins from Graviola (Annona muricata L), its Biochemical, Cytotoxic Activity and Various Analyses Through Computational and Bio-Programming Methods. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016. 22(34): p. 5204-5210.
44. Nwaneri-Chidozie, V.O., V.O. Idoko, and A.J. Salemcity, Assessment of antioxidant activity of ethanol and n-hexane seed extracts of Annona muricata in rats. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences (JJBS), 2016. 9(4): p. 235-241.
45. Najmuddin, S.U.F.S., et al., Anti-cancer effect of Annona Muricata Linn Leaves Crude Extract (AMCE) on breast cancer cell line. Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016. 16.
46. Mulia, K., et al., Chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles for controlled release of acetogenins extracted from Annona muricata leaves. Planta Medica, 2016. 82.
47. Misra, A., S. Srivastava, and A.K.S. Rawat, A Validated Reversed-Phase Over-Pressured Layer Chromatography-Ultraviolet Method for the Quantification and Optimum Recovery of Gallic Acid in Annona muricata L. Jpc-Journal of Planar Chromatography-Modern Tlc, 2016. 29(2): p. 127-131.
48. Mathew, J., et al., Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis. The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2016. 17(8): p. 650-3.
49. Machado de Moraes, I.V., et al., UPLC-QTOF-MS and NMR analyses of graviola (Annona muricata) leaves. Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2016. 26(2): p. 174-179.
50. Liu, N., et al., Functional proteomic analysis revels that the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. induces liver cancer cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016. 189: p. 210-217.
51. Laksmitawati, D.R., et al., Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Gandarusa (Gendarussa vulgaris Nees) and Soursoup (Annona muricata L) Extracts in LPS Stimulated-Macrophage Cell (RAW264.7). Journal of Natural Remedies, 2016. 16(2): p. 73-81.
52. Kuete, V., et al., Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis and nine other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Springerplus, 2016. 5.
53. Iyanda-Joel, W.O., et al., Phytochemical and antimycobacterial analysis of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata Linn (Soursop). International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2016. 45: p. 395-396.
54. Hidayat, S., P. Sugita, and I.H. Suparto, Active compound characterization and cytotoxic activity of soursop (Annona muricata L) leaves extract against murine cells leukemia P-388. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 2016. 5(6): p. 347-351.
55. Gualteros Bustos, A.V., et al., Effect of Annona muricata on the phenotype of a mutant strain of Caenorhabditis elegans. 3rd Biotechnology Summit 2016, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico, 24 - 28 October 2016, ed. F. Fernandez-Luqueno, F. Lopez-Valdez, and S.d.l. Santos Villalobos. 2016. 26-30.
56. Faleye, O.S. and E.O. Dada, Effects of Ethanol Extract of Unripe Annona muricata (I.) Fruits on the Haematological and Histopathological Parameters in Swiss Albino Rats Infected with Salmonella typhi. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016. 9(1).
57. Elagbar, Z.A., et al., Fatty acids analysis, antioxidant and biological activity of fixed oil of Annona muricata L. seeds. Journal of Chemistry, 2016. 2016: p. 6948098-Article ID 6948098.
58. Cremonez, C.M., et al., Experimental Lachesis muta rhombeata envenomation and effects of soursop (Annona muricata) as natural antivenom. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 2016. 22.
59. Cieslik, E., I. Cieslik, and K. Bartyzel, Therapeutical properties of graviola (Annona muricata L.). Postepy Fitoterapii, 2016(4): p. 293-297.
60. Bogis, A., A. Rondon-Ortiz, and A. Pino-Figueroa, THE ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA EXTRACT ON PROSTATE CANCER CELLS. Faseb Journal, 2016. 30.
61. Bento, E.B., et al., Ethnopharmacological comparative study in the region of the Araripe of Annona muricata L. (Graviola). Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 2016. 21(1): p. 9-19.
62. Baskaran, R., R. Ravi, and S. Rajarathnam, Thermal Processing Alters the Chemical Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.) and Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Pulp and Nectar. Journal of Food Science, 2016. 81(1): p. S182-S188.
63. Antony, P. and R. Vijayan, Acetogenins from Annona muricata as potential inhibitors of antiapoptotic proteins: a molecular modeling study. Drug Design Development and Therapy, 2016. 10: p. 1399-1410.
64. Agrela, I.F. and F. Herrera, Larvicidal action of alcoholic extracts of the seed of Annona muricata (soursop) on Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus. Boletin de Malariologia y Salud Ambiental, 2016. 56(2): p. 235-238.
65. Yang, C., et al., Synergistic interactions among flavonoids and acetogenins in Graviola (Annona muricata) leaves confer protection against prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis, 2015. 36(6): p. 656-665.
66. Usunomena, U., O.P. Ngozi, and E.G. Ikechi, Modulatory Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Annona muricata Pre-treatment on Liver Damage Induced by Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in Rats. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015. 8(3).
67. Sun, S., et al., Isolation of annonacous acetogenins from Annona muricata fruit and their anti proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell PC-3. Planta Medica, 2015. 81(11): p. 897-898.
68. Sao Jose, A.R., et al., Chemical Characterization and Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Soursop Mass (Annona muricata L.), in International Symposium on Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, J. Ghaemghami and A. Cuerrier, Editors. 2015. p. 151-158.
69. Santhoshkumar, M. and D. Brindha, Screening of Annona muricata for E. coli enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors by molecular docking. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015. 7(4): p. 452-457.
70. Santhosh, S.B., R. Yuvarajan, and D. Natarajan, Annona muricata leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles synthesis and its larvicidal potential against dengue, malaria and filariasis vector. Parasitology Research, 2015. 114(8): p. 3087-3096.
71. Santhosh, S.B., C. Ragavendran, and D. Natarajan, Spectral and HRTEM analyses of Annona muricata leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles and its Larvicidal efficacy against three mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology, 2015. 153: p. 184-190.
72. Raybaudi-Massilia, R., et al., An analysis in-vitro of the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Annona muricata L. seed and pulp. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2015. 5(4): p. 333-341.
73. Ratnam, K.V., et al., Evaluation of in vitro antheliminthic activity and anti bacterial activities of ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2015. 5(3): p. 425-429.
74. Quilez, A.M., et al., VALIDATION OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL USE AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OF A DECOCTION FROM ANNONA MURICATA LEAVES. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015. 12(4): p. 14-20.
75. Onyeyili, P.A. and K. Aliyoo, In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Annona muricata stem bark extracts. Herba Polonica, 2015. 61(2): p. 50-62.
76. Omale, J. and S. Olakunle, In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity of Annona muricata stem bark extracts in Rattus norvegicus. Planta Medica, 2015. 81(16): p. 1516-1516.
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200. Bourne, R.K. and P.C. Egbe, PRELIMINARY-STUDY OF THE SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA (SOUR SOP). West Indian Medical Journal, 1979. 28(2): p. 106-110.
201. Aguilar-Santos, G., J.R. Librea, and A.C. Santos, THE ALKALOIDS OF ANONA-MURICATA-D. Philippine Journal of Science, 1967. 96(4): p. 399-410.
202. Asenjo, C.F. and J.A. Goyco, Puerto Rican fatty oils II The characteristics and composition of guanabana seed oil. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1943. 65: p. 208-209.
203. Yan, X., External application plaster, useful e.g. for relieving pain, reducing skin irritation and preventing skin herpes, comprises e.g. frankincense, Annona muricata, nux vomica, Angelica root, camphor, radix aconiti agrestis and Trogopterus. Yan X.
204. Wu, Y., New annonaceous acetogenins obtained from Annona muricata useful for treating cancer. Wu Y; Advpharma Inc.
205. Torres, R.C., et al., Preparation of natural health supplement having antidiabetic activity involves using Annona muricata leaves in capsule form. Itdi Ind Technology Dev Inst.
206. Torres, R.C., et al., Dietary tea product from Annona muricata leaves standardized using specific quality control manual of medicinal and aromatic plants, useful for treating edema and diabetes. Itdi Ind Technology Dev Inst.
207. Torres, R., et al., Use of Annona muricata fruit powder for preparing natural health supplement in form of capsule. Itdi Ind Technology Dev Inst.
208. Shirosaki, M., T. Susa, and K. Yazawa, Composition useful in food/beverage products, quasi-drug and in pharmaceutical for preventing and treating diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, comprises climax Annona muricata. Shonan Yobo Ikagaku Kenkyusho Yg.
209. Rodriguez Sanchez, D.G., Extracting Annona muricata used for preventing platelets aggregation, and in dietary supplements, involves selecting its fruit, processing to obtain pulp, and then extracted. Inst Tecnologico Y Estudios Superiores.
210. Rivera, E., Health supplement composition comprises essential plant extracts comprising fruit extract of Passiflora edulis, leaf extract of Origanum vulgare, Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona muricata, and root extract of e.g. turmeric. Rivera E.
211. Kobayashi, K., et al., Collagenase inhibitor for use in cosmetics and skin external preparations, contains plants such as Annona muricata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cleome hassleriana and/or Myrcia sphaerocarpa, or their solvent extract. Shiseido Co Ltd.
212. Kobayashi, K., et al., Gelatinase activation inhibitor for anti-aging skin cosmetics, contains solvent extracts of Annona muricata, Calophyllum brasiliense cambess, Quassiae, Fleurya aestuans, Myrcia sphaerocarpa and Hybris crenata. Shiseido Co Ltd.
213. Jadie, R.R. and M.C.R. Naz, Process of producing tea from ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and guyabano (Annona muricata). Univ Bicol.
214. In, S.H., Producing natural extract useful as cosmetic composition (shampoo, hair conditioner and hair lotion) for preventing hair loss, comprises adding water into a mixture of Dictamnus albus, Annona muricata and Moringa oleifera, and extracting. In S H.
215. Harini, G., et al., Chloroform extract of Annona muricata plant useful for treating cancer, leukemia, bacterial infection and viral replication. Helan C J.
216. De Moraes, M.O., et al., Preparing obtaining extract involves taking Annona muricata leaves, drying, milling, then carrying out extraction with cold acetone, and concentrating extract by distillation of solvent under reduced pressure on rotary evaporator. Inovagro Empreendimentos Ltda Epp.
217. Andaia Ruaiseu, G., et al., Composition useful for exhibiting skin whitening effect and for providing antioxidant effect, comprises Annona muricata extract. Inha Ind Partnership Inst.
218. Extract contg. cardiac active substance-is prepd. by extracting Annona muricata L and related plants with polar solvent and water. Carib Trading Kk; Nippon Kayaku Kk.
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