Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Family: Asteraceae
- English: Milk thistle, Mary’s thistle
- Arabic: سلبين مريمي
- Azerbaijani: Алатікен
- Basque: Astalikardu
- Bulgaraian: Бял трън
- Catalan: Adi alaqanqal
- Chinese: 水飞蓟
- Croation: Marijin oslobod
- Czech: Ostropestřec mariánský
- Finnish: Maarianohdake
- French: Chardon-Marie
- Galician: Cardo de Santa María
- Georgian: ბაყაყურა
- German: Mariendistel
- Hebrew: גדילן מצוי
- HungariMáriatövisan:
- Japanese: マリアアザミ
- Kazakh: Алатікен
- Kurdish: Givzonik
- Lithuanian: Tikrasis margainis
- Monoglian: Мэригийн чонын өргөс
- Polish: Ostropest plamisty
- Russian: Расторопша пятнистая (Rastoropsha pyatnistaya)
- Serbian: Гујина трава
- Urdu: مریم گوکھرد
- Vietnamese: Kế sữa
Uses: An extract of milk thistle seed is the primary botanical preparation used in Europe for supporting a healthy liver and treating liver disease. Both oral and injectable preparations are used. The injectables are highly regarded as an effective treatment against poisoning with the potentially deadly death angel mushroom, Amanita phalloides. Milk thistle seeds are generally not subject to adulteration. [American Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Botanical Pharmacognosy—Microscopic Characterization of Botanical Medicines]
Used to treat liver conditions [Canadian Medicinal Crops]
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seed is generally thought of as a liversupporting herb, but actually has all the same actions on the kidney as it has on the liver. [Clinical Botanical Medicine]
A treatment for liver ailments, leaves demulcent [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Silybum marianum fruits are reported to exert antioxidant and free-radical scavenging action. Silymarin and silybin, the flavonolignans present, were found to be the active constituents. Silymarin prevents doxorubicin-mediated damage to rat heart membrane primarily through free radical scavenging. [Evaluation of Herbal Medicinal Products]
Silybum marianum has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of liver diseases, including toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis, via its antioxidative, antilipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. [Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine Traditional System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues]
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is used by cirrhotic patients because of its putative ability to slow liver damage. Ripe fruit from the milk thistle plant is used to derive a concentrated extract known as silymarin. In vitro as well as animal and human studies suggest that silymarin protects hepatocytes from the toxic effects of substances such as carbon tetrachloride and phalloidin (amanita mushroom). In humans exposed to hepatotoxins, silymarin has been able to reduce the likelihood of developing more extensive liver failure. Silymarin is thought to act by the presence of a large number of flavonolignans, which work on the cell membrane to prevent the entry of toxic substances into the hepatocyte. Protein synthesis is also stimulated, which accelerates the regeneration and production of new hepatocytes. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]
Traditionally, milk thistle fruits have been used for disorders of the liver, spleen and gall bladder such as jaundice and gall bladder colic. Milk thistle has also been used for nursing mothers for stimulating milk production, as a bitter tonic, for haemorrhoids, for dyspeptic complaints and as a demulcent in catarrah and pleurisy.(G2, G32, G34, G35, G50, G64) It is stated to possess hepatopro- tective, antioxidant and choleretic properties.(1, 2) Current interest is focused on the hepatoprotective activity of milk thistle and its use in the prophylaxis and treatment of liver damage and disease. The leaves have also been used for the treatment of liver, spleen and gall bladder disorders and as an antimalarial, emmenagogue and for uterine complaints. Milk thistle leaf preparations are available today, although most research has been conducted with preparations of the fruit since the leaf does not contain the pharmacologically active component silymarin. [Herbal Medicines 3rd Ed]
Milk thistle is reported to have hepatoprotective properties and is mainly used for liver diseases and jaundice. Traditionally milk thistle was used by nursing mothers for stimulating milk production, as a bitter tonic, demulcent, as an antidepressant and for dyspeptic complaints. Both the fruit and leaves are used as herbal medicine, but currently the fruit is the main target of investigation because it contains the pharmacologically active silymarin component. Standardised extracts of silymarin are also commonly used. A water-soluble salt of the individual flavonolignan silibinin is used intravenously for preventing hepatotoxicity after poisoning with the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]
As its name implies, the seeds were taken by nursing mothers to improve the supply of breast milk, a use that remains as applicable today as in the past. It has a persistent reputation as a remedy for depressed mood. [Herbal Remedies]
Seeds—liver protective, gallbladder protective, antioxidant. Used in jaundice and other biliary affections, intermittent fevers, uterine trouble, also as a galactagogue. Alcoholic extract used for haemorrhoids and as a general substitute for adrenaline. Seeds are used for controlling haemorrhages. Leaves—sudorific and aperient. Young leaves and flowering heads are consumed by diabetics. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
The seeds are used to treat jaundice, hepatitis, chronic coughing and hemoptysis, gall-stones and inflammation of the gall bladder and bile duct, liver and spleen diseases, fevers, hemorrhoids, and other diseases. Juice from the leaves is drunk as a choleretic and diuretic and to treat colitis and constipation. A decoction of the root is drunk to treat stomach catarrh. Currently, an alcohol-water extraction of the seeds is used to treat liver diseases. [Medicinal Plants of Central Asia Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seed is generally thought of as a liversupporting herb, but actually has all the same actions on the kidney as it has on the liver. [Clinical Botanical Medicine]
A treatment for liver ailments, leaves demulcent [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Silybum marianum fruits are reported to exert antioxidant and free-radical scavenging action. Silymarin and silybin, the flavonolignans present, were found to be the active constituents. Silymarin prevents doxorubicin-mediated damage to rat heart membrane primarily through free radical scavenging. [Evaluation of Herbal Medicinal Products]
Silybum marianum has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of liver diseases, including toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis, via its antioxidative, antilipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. [Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine Traditional System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues]
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is used by cirrhotic patients because of its putative ability to slow liver damage. Ripe fruit from the milk thistle plant is used to derive a concentrated extract known as silymarin. In vitro as well as animal and human studies suggest that silymarin protects hepatocytes from the toxic effects of substances such as carbon tetrachloride and phalloidin (amanita mushroom). In humans exposed to hepatotoxins, silymarin has been able to reduce the likelihood of developing more extensive liver failure. Silymarin is thought to act by the presence of a large number of flavonolignans, which work on the cell membrane to prevent the entry of toxic substances into the hepatocyte. Protein synthesis is also stimulated, which accelerates the regeneration and production of new hepatocytes. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]
Traditionally, milk thistle fruits have been used for disorders of the liver, spleen and gall bladder such as jaundice and gall bladder colic. Milk thistle has also been used for nursing mothers for stimulating milk production, as a bitter tonic, for haemorrhoids, for dyspeptic complaints and as a demulcent in catarrah and pleurisy.(G2, G32, G34, G35, G50, G64) It is stated to possess hepatopro- tective, antioxidant and choleretic properties.(1, 2) Current interest is focused on the hepatoprotective activity of milk thistle and its use in the prophylaxis and treatment of liver damage and disease. The leaves have also been used for the treatment of liver, spleen and gall bladder disorders and as an antimalarial, emmenagogue and for uterine complaints. Milk thistle leaf preparations are available today, although most research has been conducted with preparations of the fruit since the leaf does not contain the pharmacologically active component silymarin. [Herbal Medicines 3rd Ed]
Milk thistle is reported to have hepatoprotective properties and is mainly used for liver diseases and jaundice. Traditionally milk thistle was used by nursing mothers for stimulating milk production, as a bitter tonic, demulcent, as an antidepressant and for dyspeptic complaints. Both the fruit and leaves are used as herbal medicine, but currently the fruit is the main target of investigation because it contains the pharmacologically active silymarin component. Standardised extracts of silymarin are also commonly used. A water-soluble salt of the individual flavonolignan silibinin is used intravenously for preventing hepatotoxicity after poisoning with the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]
As its name implies, the seeds were taken by nursing mothers to improve the supply of breast milk, a use that remains as applicable today as in the past. It has a persistent reputation as a remedy for depressed mood. [Herbal Remedies]
Seeds—liver protective, gallbladder protective, antioxidant. Used in jaundice and other biliary affections, intermittent fevers, uterine trouble, also as a galactagogue. Alcoholic extract used for haemorrhoids and as a general substitute for adrenaline. Seeds are used for controlling haemorrhages. Leaves—sudorific and aperient. Young leaves and flowering heads are consumed by diabetics. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
The seeds are used to treat jaundice, hepatitis, chronic coughing and hemoptysis, gall-stones and inflammation of the gall bladder and bile duct, liver and spleen diseases, fevers, hemorrhoids, and other diseases. Juice from the leaves is drunk as a choleretic and diuretic and to treat colitis and constipation. A decoction of the root is drunk to treat stomach catarrh. Currently, an alcohol-water extraction of the seeds is used to treat liver diseases. [Medicinal Plants of Central Asia Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]
590 Published articles of Silybum marianum
1. Zhu, S.Y., et al., Silybum marianum oil attenuates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018. 100: p. 191-197.
2. Zhang, M., et al., PRiME pass-through purification of lignans in Silybum marianum and UPLC - MS/MS analysis. Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2018. 1093: p. 128-133.
3. Younas, M., et al., Differential accumulation of silymarin induced by exposure of Silybum marianum L. callus cultures to several spectres of monochromatic lights. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology, 2018. 184: p. 61-70.
4. Uchaipichat, V., In vitro inhibitory effects of major bioactive constituents of Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa and Silybum marianum on human liver microsomal morphine glucuronidation: A prediction of potential herb-drug interactions arising from andrographolide, curcumin and silybin inhibition in humans. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 2018. 33(1): p. 67-76.
5. Safarpoor, M., et al., Ultrasound-assisted extraction of antimicrobial compounds from Thymus daenensis and Silybum marianum: Antimicrobial activity with and without the presence of natural silver nanoparticles. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2018. 42: p. 76-83.
6. Ruan, H.-S., H.-F. Zhang, and K. Teng, Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Silymarin from Silybum marianum Straws by Response Surface Methodology and Quantification by High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph Method. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2018. 14(53): p. 22-26.
7. Rao, H.-Y., Water extract of Silybum marianum seed induces mitotic catastrophe in human breast cancer cell. Cancer Science, 2018. 109: p. 368-368.
8. Qin, N., et al., Identification of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum seeds as allosteric protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2018. 33(1): p. 1283-1291.
9. Nazir, N., et al., Phytochemical analysis, molecular docking and antiamnesic effects of methanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds in scopolamine induced memory impairment in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018. 210: p. 198-208.
10. Nausheen, N., et al., Phytochemical analysis, molecular docking and antiamnesic effects of methanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds in scopolamine induced memory impairment in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018. 210: p. 198-208.
11. Momenkiaei, F. and F. Raofie, Preparation of silybum marianum seeds extract nanoparticles by supercritical solution expansion. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2018. 138: p. 46-55.
12. Mohammadifar, M., et al., Evaluation effect of Silybum marianum, Cynara scolymus L. and Ziziphus jujube Mill. combination extract on nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2018. 19(6): p. Pe410-En455.
13. Lee, S., Determination of Silybin B in the Different Parts of Silybum marianum using HPLC-UV. Natural Product Sciences, 2018. 24(2): p. 82-87.
14. Khani, R., et al., Extraction and Determination of Trace Amounts of p-Coumaric Acid in Vinegar, Carrot Juice, and Seed Extract from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Journal of Aoac International, 2018. 101(2): p. 490-497.
15. El Menyiy, N., et al., Potential effect of Silybum marianum L. and Cistus ladaniferus L. extracts on urine volume, creatinine clearance and renal function. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2018. 11(6): p. 393-398.
16. Ebrahimpour-koujan, S., et al., Lower glycemic indices and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received novel dose of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplement: A Triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine, 2018. 44: p. 39-44.
17. Boyko, N.N., E.T. Zhilyakova, and O.O. Novikov, MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM) FRUITS: INVESTIGATION AND MODELING OF THE PHASE EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTION OF EXTRACTIVES. Farmatsiya (Moscow), 2018. 67(1): p. 24-28.
18. Anwar, S., et al., In vivo anticlastogenic effect of silymarin from milk thistle Silybum marianum L. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2018. 50(3): p. 108-115.
19. Alizadeh, N., et al., Inhibitory Effects of Flavonolignans from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Milk Thistle) on Function of Aldehyde Oxidase and Xanthine Oxidase in Rats. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 2018. 15(3): p. 256-262.
20. Ali, E.H., et al., Silibinin from Silybum marianum Stimulates Embryonic Stem Cell Vascular Differentiation via the STAT3/PI3-K/AKT Axis and Nitric Oxide. Planta Medica, 2018. 84(11): p. 768-778.
21. Zhu Shu, Y., et al., Antioxidant and Anti-aging Activities of &ITSilybum Marianum&IT Protein Hydrolysate in Mice Treated with D-galactose. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2017. 30(9): p. 623-631.
22. Zhauynbaeva, K.S., R.K. Rakhmanberdyeva, and B.A. Abdurakhmanov, Polysaccharides from Silybum marianum. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2017. 53(5): p. 820-822.
23. Yue, J., Z. Zhu, and X. Li, Antibacterial activity of protease hydrolysates isolated from Silybum marianum. Current Science, 2017. 113(3): p. 496-500.
24. Yaldiz, G., Effects of Potassium Sulfate K(2)So(4) on The Element Contents, Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of MilkThistle Silybum Marianum. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2017. 13(49): p. 102-107.
25. Wianowska, D. and M. Gil, Silymarin Extraction From Silybum marianum L. Gaertner. Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: From Plants to Drug Development, ed. H.D. Gonzalez and M.J.G. Munoz. 2017. 385-397.
26. Shin, M., et al., Beneficial effects of Silybum marianum extract and silymarin on regulation of decorin and biglycan. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2017. 137(5): p. S96-S96.
27. Ranjbaran, H., et al., Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to insulin producing cells using the extracts of Allium ursinum and Silybum marianum. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2017. 27(153): p. 1-12.
28. Qin, N.-B., et al., Bioactive terpenoids from Silybum marianum and their suppression on NO release in LPS-induced BV-2 cells and interaction with iNOS. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2017. 27(10): p. 2161-2165.
29. Qin, N.-b., et al., New amides from seeds of Silybum marianum with potential antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Fitoterapia, 2017. 119: p. 83-89.
30. Qin, N., et al., Hypoglycemic effect of silychristin A from Silybum marianum fruit via protecting pancreatic islet cells from oxidative damage and inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity in vitro and in rats with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Functional Foods, 2017. 38: p. 168-179.
31. Piazzini, V., et al., Prediction of Permeation and Cellular Transport of Silybum marianum Extract Formulated in a Nanoemulsion by Using PAMPA and Caco-2 Cell Models. Planta Medica, 2017. 83(14-15): p. 1184-1193.
32. Pendry, B.A., et al., Silymarin content in Silybum marianum extracts as a biomarker for the quality of commercial tinctures. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2017. 10: p. 31-36.
33. Palomino, O.M., et al., Protective Effect of Silybum marianum and Silibinin on Endothelial Cells Submitted to High Glucose Concentration. Planta Medica, 2017. 83(01-02): p. 97-103.
34. Lv, Y., et al., Spatial organization of silybin biosynthesis in milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Plant Journal, 2017. 92(6): p. 995-1004.
35. Lutfullah, G., et al., Comparative studies on rabbit plasma lipid profile fed with Silybum marianum oil, sunflower oil and vegetable ghee. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017. 30(3): p. 875-879.
36. Lehoczky, E., et al., ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM L. GAERTN. ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2017. 15(4): p. 769-778.
37. Kurkin, V.A. and D.V. Rosikhin, STANDARDIZATION OF MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM) SYRUP. Farmatsiya (Moscow), 2017. 66(1): p. 19-22.
38. Kovzunova, O.V., N.V. Pushkina, and S.G. Azizbekian, In vitro culture Silybum marianum (L.) as a potential source of target BAS. Voprosy biologicheskoi, meditsinskoi i farmatsevticheskoi khimii, 2017. 20(7): p. 26-29.
39. Karakus, A., Y. Deger, and S. Yildirim, Protective effect of Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts against oxidative kidney injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Renal Failure, 2017. 39(1): p. 1-6.
40. Gupta, A.K., et al., 'CIMAP SIL-9': a dwarf and high silymarin yielding variety of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2017. 39(1): p. 44-48.
41. Guarino, G., et al., BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS, METABOLIC EFFECTS AND SAFETY OF THE ASSOCIATION BERBERIS ARISTATA/SILYBUM MARIANUM: A 52-WEEK DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY IN OBESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents, 2017. 31(2): p. 495-502.
42. Giuseppe, D., et al., Effects of a Combination of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum and Monacolin on Lipid Profile in Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk; A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017. 18(2).
43. Ghosia, L., et al., Comparative studies on rabbit plasma lipid profile fed with Silybum marianum oil, sunflower oil and vegetable ghee. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017. 30(3): p. 875-879.
44. Fibigr, J., D. Satinsky, and P. Solich, A new approach to the rapid separation of isomeric compounds in a Silybum marianum extract using UHPLC core-shell column with F5 stationary phase. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2017. 134: p. 203-213.
45. Di Pierro, F., et al., Retrospective analysis of the effects of a highly standardized mixture of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum, and monacolins K and KA in patients with dyslipidemia. Clinical Pharmacology-Advances and Applications, 2017. 9: p. 1-7.
46. Bijak, M., Silybin, a Major Bioactive Component of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)-Chemistry, Bioavailability, and Metabolism. Molecules, 2017. 22(11).
47. Albassam, A.A., R.F. Frye, and J.S. Markowitz, The effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and its main flavonolignans on CYP2C8 enzyme activity in human liver microsomes. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2017. 271: p. 24-29.
48. Alaca, N., et al., Treatment with milk thistle extract (Silybum marianum), ursodeoxycholic acid, or their combination attenuates cholestatic liver injury in rats: Role of the hepatic stem cells. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 2017. 28(6): p. 476-484.
49. AbouZid, S.F., et al., Chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic relationships between flavonolignans produced by Silybum marianum populations. Fitoterapia, 2017. 119: p. 175-184.
50. Zholobenko, A., et al., Polyphenols from Silybum marianum inhibit in vitro the oxidant response of equine neutrophils and myeloperoxidase activity. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2016. 39(6): p. 592-601.
51. Zhang, Y., et al., Bioactive lignans from Silybum marianum. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2016. 41(9): p. 1654-1657.
52. Waqar, H., H.M. Khan, and A.A. Anjum, Antiepileptic potential of Silybum marianum seeds in pentylene-tetrazol-induced kindled mice. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2016. 11(3): p. 603-609.
53. Veloso Borges, F.F., et al., Antimutagenic, Antigenotoxic, and Anticytotoxic Activities of Silybum Marianum L. Gaertn Assessed by the Salmonella Mutagenicity Assay (Ames Test) and the Micronucleus Test in Mice Bone Marrow. Nutrition and Cancer-an International Journal, 2016. 68(5): p. 848-855.
54. Sayin, F.K., et al., Effects of Silybum marianum Extract on High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Disorders in Rats. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2016. 66(1): p. 43-49.
55. Sajadi, S.M., M. Nasrollahzadeh, and M. Maham, Aqueous extract from seeds of Silybum marianum L. as a green material for preparation of the Cu/Fe3O4 nanoparticles: A magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2016. 469: p. 93-98.
56. Rahimi, S. and T. Hasanloo, The effect of temperature and pH on biomass and bioactive compounds production in Silybum marianum hairy root cultures. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2016. 3(2): p. 53-59.
57. Nasrollahi, I., E. Talebi, and Z. Nemati, Study on Silybum marianum seed through fatty acids comparison, peroxide tests, refractive index and oil percentage. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2016. 8(6): p. 595-597.
58. Muselin, F., et al., The use of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) in Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2016. 49(1): p. 280-283.
59. Morovat, M., et al., Dietary but not in ovo feeding of Silybum marianum extract resulted in an improvement in performance, immunity and carcass characteristics and decreased the adverse effects of high temperatures in broilers. British Poultry Science, 2016. 57(1): p. 105-113.
60. Montesino, N.L., et al., An approved preparation of Silybum marianum contains constituents with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Planta Medica, 2016. 82.
61. Mhamdi, B., et al., Fatty acids, essential oil and phenolics composition of Silybum marianum seeds and their antioxidant activities. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016. 29(3): p. 953-959.
62. Liu, J., et al., Simultaneous analysis of seven active components in silymarin from fruits,peels,nutlets and commercial extracts of Silybum marianum by HPLC. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 2016. 33(1): p. 56-62.
63. Liu, H. and G. Yang, Optimization of flavonoids extraction from silybum marianum seeds and its antioxidant characters. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2016. 51(5): p. 148-153,160.
64. Huma, W., H.M. Khan, and A.A. Anjum, Antiepileptic potential of Silybum marianum seeds in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindled mice. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2016. 11(3): p. 603-609.
65. Hahn, H.J., et al., Instrumental evaluation of anti-aging effects of cosmetic formulations containing palmitoyl peptides, Silybum marianum seed oil, vitamin E and other functional ingredients on aged human skin. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2016. 12(2): p. 1171-1176.
66. Graf, T.N., et al., A validated UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of flavonolignans in milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2016. 126: p. 26-33.
67. Feher, P., et al., Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Treatment by Topical Formulations Containing Dissolved and Suspended Silybum marianum against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pig and on HaCaT Keratinocytes. Molecules, 2016. 21(10).
68. Derosa, G., A. D'Angelo, and P. Maffioli, The role of a fixed Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum combination in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clinical Nutrition, 2016. 35(5): p. 1091-1095.
69. Csupor, D., A. Csorba, and J. Hohmann, Recent advances in the analysis of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2016. 130: p. 301-317.
70. Cheilari, A., et al., Head-to-Head Comparison of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection versus Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Quantitative Analysis of the Silymarin Complex in Silybum marianum Fruit Extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016. 64(7): p. 1618-1626.
71. Biedermann, D., et al., Silymarin from Silybum marianum - new approaches to separation and derivatization. Planta Medica, 2016. 82.
72. AbouZid, S.F., et al., Silybum marianum pericarp yields enhanced silymarin products. Fitoterapia, 2016. 112: p. 136-143.
73. Wianowska, D. and M. Wisniewski, Simplified Procedure of Silymarin Extraction from Silybum marianum L. Gaertner. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2015. 53(2): p. 366-372.
74. Villiger, A., et al., In vitro inhibitory potential of Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, and Peumus boldus on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. Phytomedicine, 2015. 22(1): p. 138-144.
75. Vagabova, F.A., et al., Chemical composition of SK of CO2-Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn. aerial part extract from natural population of flora of Dagestan. Voprosy biologicheskoi, meditsinskoi i farmatsevticheskoi khimii, 2015(9): p. 35-38.
76. Soliman, N.A. and S.A. El-Dardiry, Taraxacum officinale and Silybum marianum alone or combined orchestrate experimentally induced hepatic steatosis through lipogenecity, glucose tolerance and oxidant/antioxidant status. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2015. 9(4): p. 1918-1928.
77. Shin, S., et al., Anti-Glycation Activities of Phenolic Constituents from Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) Flower in Vitro and on Human Explants. Molecules, 2015. 20(3): p. 3549-3564.
78. Salama, A.F., et al., Effect of Egyptian plant Silybum marianum on the kidney during the treatment of liver fibrosis in female albino rats induced by alcohol in comparison to the medical silymarin from China. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2015. 4(3): p. 557-570.
79. Raja, H.A., et al., Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. (milk thistle). Mycology-An International Journal On Fungal Biology, 2015. 6(1): p. 8-27.
80. Rabia, R., et al., Silybum marianum: adventitious roots induction along with free radical scavenging activity. Journal of Plant Biology Research, 2015. 4(1): p. 12-21.
81. Paguigan, N.D., et al., Glucuronide metabolites of flavonolignans from milk thistle (Silybum marianum): Structural characterization. Planta Medica, 2015. 81(11): p. 885-885.
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332. Rumiantseva, Z.N., The pharmacodynamics of hepatic protectors from the lady's-thistle (Silybum marianum). Vrachebnoe delo, 1991(5): p. 15-9.
333. Gutorska, A. and A. Minorska, SILYBUM-MARIANUM AS AN OILY RAW MATERIAL ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF OIL REFINING PROCESS. Fett Wissenschaft Technologie, 1991. 93(12): p. 474-474.
334. Chiavari, G., et al., SILYMARIN CONTENT OF DIFFERENT SILYBUM-MARIANUM L. GAERTN. CULTIVARS. Herba Hungarica, 1991. 30(1-2): p. 23-34.
335. Pandey, G.P. and D.N. Shrivastava, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM AND WEDELIA-CALENDULACEA. Indian Veterinary Journal, 1990. 67(8): p. 773-776.
336. Rankov, D., S. Panayotova, and A. Bizhev, COMPOSITION AND POSSIBILITY OF UTILIZATION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L SEED OIL. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1988. 140-144.
337. Mericli, A.H., FLAVONOLIGNANS KAEMPFEROL 3-SULFATE AND OTHER FLAVONOIDS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM-SSP-ANATOLICUM. Planta Medica, 1988. 54(1): p. 44-45.
338. Mericli, A.H., FLAVONOLIGNANS, KAEMPFEROL 3-SULFATE AND OTHER FLAVONOIDS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM SUBSP ANATOLICUM. Planta Medica, 1988(1): p. 44-45.
339. Bonne, C. and D. Sincholle, COSMETIC PREPARATIONS USEFUL FOR OPPOSING SKIN AGING CONTAINING AN EXTRACT OF THE FRUITS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM US PATENT-4749573. JUNE 7 1988. 1988. p. 313-313.
340. Yanishlieva, N., E. Marinova, and D. Rankov, ON THE ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLES. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1987. 12-15.
341. Tomov, E., et al., INVESTIGATION OF THE SILYMARIN CONTENT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM SEEDS BY MEANS OF HPLC. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1987. 534-538.
342. Skakun, N.P., I.P. Moseichuk, and N.Y. Stepanova, COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID PREPARATIONS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Farmatsiya (Moscow), 1987. 36(6): p. 13-17.
343. Guinea Lopez, M.C. and A. Pizarro Sanz, ENZYMATIC STUDY IN CELL CULTURES OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM GAERTN. I. INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE CULTURE MEDIUM AND THE GROWTH MOMENT ON THE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY. Anales de la Real Academia de Farmacia, 1987. 53(4): p. 609-613.
344. Adzet, T., et al., SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM .1. CHARACTERIZATION OF POPULATIONS FROM DIFFERENT ORIGINS. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 1987. 25(2): p. 129-135.
345. Kozlowski, J. and M. Holynska, EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON THE CROP YIELD OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM FRUIT AND ON THE CONTENT AND YIELD OF SILYMARIN. Herba Polonica, 1986. 31(1-2): p. 51-60.
346. Hassan, N.M., et al., ISOLATION OF SILYMARIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM GROWING IN EGYPT. Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1985. 34(SUPPL): p. 107-107.
347. Abdullaev, R.A., D.Y. Guseinov, and M. Mirzoev Kh, THE EFFECT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM PREPARATION ON SUGAR CONTENT IN BLOOD. Azerbaidzhanskii Meditsinskii Zhurnal, 1985(5): p. 7-10.
348. Szilajtis-Obieglo, R. and K. Kowalewska, A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FLAVONE LIGNANS AND SILYBIN IN CRUDE DRUG AND ITS PREPARATIONS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Herba Polonica, 1984. 30(1): p. 27-34.
349. Hikino, H., et al., LIVER-PROTECTIVE DRUGS .16. ANTIHEPATOTOXIC ACTIONS OF FLAVONOLIGNANS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM FRUITS. Planta Medica, 1984. 50(3): p. 248-250.
350. Vanhaelen, M. and R. Vanhaelenfastre, QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN MEDICINAL PLANT CRUDE EXTRACTS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY-DENSITOMETRY .1. AESCULUS-HIPPOCASTANEUM L, ARCTOSTAPHYLLOS-UVA-URSI SPRENG, FRAXINUS-EXCELSIOR L, GENTIANA-LUTEA L, GLYCYRRHIZA-GLABRA L, HAMAMELIS-VIRGINIANA L, HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM L, OLEA-EUROPEA L, SALIX-ALBA L AND SILYBUM-MARIANUM GAERTNEN. Journal of Chromatography, 1983. 281(DEC): p. 263-271.
351. Mericli, A.H., SILYBUM-MARIANUM IN TURKEY. Istanbul Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Mecmuasi, 1983. 19: p. 57-64.
352. Melnikova, T.M., MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SILUBUM-MARIANUM L SEEDS AS SOWING MATERIAL. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 1983. 17(8): p. 958-963.
353. Hamid, S., et al., EXPERIMENTAL CULTIVATION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ITS OIL. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1983. 26(4): p. 244-246.
354. Cappelletti, E.M. and R. Caniato, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD ITALIAN POPULATIONS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie, 1983. 17(4): p. 209-214.
355. Vomel, A. and U. Mautner, THE UTILIZATION OF PROMETRYN AND DESMETRYN ON THYMUS-VULGARIS, SALVIA-OFFICINALIS, AND SILYBUM-MARIANUM AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD AND COMPOSITION. Planta Medica, 1982. 45(3): p. 143-144.
356. Singh, J.P., B.K. Kapahi, and Y.K. Sarin, ECOLOGY OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM A MEDICINAL PLANT. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 1982. 3(2): p. 665-668.
357. Halim, A.F., S.I. Balbaa, and A.T. Khalil, PHENOLICS AND OTHER CONSTITUENTS FROM ECLIPTA-ALBA. Planta Medica, 1982. 45(3): p. 163-163.
358. Abdelsalam, N.A., M.A.A. Salam, and M.A. Elsayed, DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN RICINUS COMMUNIS-L AND SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN USING TLC-DIFFERENTIAL KINETIC METHOD. Pharmazie, 1982. 37(1): p. 74-74.
359. Szilagi, I., et al., STRUCTURE OF SILANDRIN AND SILYMONIN, 2 NEW FLAVONOLIGNANS FROM A WHITE BLOOMING SILYBUM MARIANUM VARIETY. Planta Medica, 1981. 43(2): p. 121-127.
360. Varma, P.N., S.K. Talwar, and G.P. Garg, CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Planta Medica, 1980. 38(4): p. 377-383.
361. Quercia, V., et al., IDENTIFICATION AND ASSAY BY HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE FLAVONOID COMPONENTS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM IN MEDICINAL SPECIALTIES. Fitoterapia, 1980. 51(2): p. 83-88.
362. De Martiis, M., et al., Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) derivatives in the therapy of chronic hepatopathies. La Clinica terapeutica, 1980. 94(3): p. 283-315.
363. Bondarenko, L.T., A.A. Kiryanov, and M.E. Perelson, CHROMATOSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF SILYBIN IN SILYBUM MARIANUM FRUIT. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 1980. 14(4): p. 57-60.
364. Schriewer, H. and F. Weinhold, INFLUENCE OF SILYBIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN ON INVITRO PHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN RAT LIVERS. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1979. 29-1(5): p. 791-792.
365. Tittel, G. and H. Wagner, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SILYMARIN .2. QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF SILYMARIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY. Journal of Chromatography, 1978. 153(1): p. 227-232.
366. Tittel, G. and H. Wagner, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SILYMARINS AND THEIR DETERMINATION IN CRUDE EXTRACT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM-GAERTN. Journal of Chromatography, 1977. 135(2): p. 499-501.
367. Schriewer, H., G. Rutkowski, and K.J. Borgis, INFLUENCE OF SILYBIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN ON ACETATE METABOLISM IN RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1977. 358(10): p. 1277-1278.
368. Schrall, R. and H. Becker, TISSUE AND SUSPENSION CULTURES OF SILYBUM MARIANUM .2. FORMATION OF FLAVONOLIGNANS BY FEEDING SUSPENSION CULTURES WITH FLAVONOIDS AND CONIFERYL ALCOHOL. Planta Medica, 1977. 32(1): p. 27-32.
369. Greimel, A. and H. Koch, PEROXIDASE ISOENZYMES IN SILYBUM MARIANUM. Planta Medica, 1977. 32(4): p. 323-330.
370. Becker, H. and R. Schrall, TISSUE AND SUSPENSION CULTURES OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM .2. COMMUNICATION - ISOLATION AND GROWTH OF TISSUE AND SUSPENSION CULTURES AND STUDIES ON FLAVONOIDS. Planta Medica, 1977. 31(2): p. 185-192.
371. Sonnenbichler, J., J. Mattersberger, and H. Rosen, STIMULATION OF RNA-SYNTHESIS IN RAT-LIVER AND IN ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES BY SILYBIN, AN ANTI-HEPATOTOXIC AGENT FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1976. 357(8): p. 1171-1180.
372. Schriewer, H., U. Kramer, and H.M. Rauen, MODULATION OF NEW SYNTHESIS OF FATTY-ACIDS IN RAT-LIVER BY SILYBIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1976. 357(3): p. 280-280.
373. Vogel, G., et al., STUDIES ON PHARMACODYNAMICS, SITE AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SILYMARIN, ANTI-HEPATOTOXIC PRINCIPLE FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1975. 25(2): p. 179-188.
374. Takemoto, T., S. Ikegawa, and K. Nomoto, STUDIES ON CONSTITUENTS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN .1. NEW FLAVONOLIGNANS NAMED 2,3-DEHYDROSILYMARIN AND 2,3-DEHYDROSILYCHRISTIN. Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1975. 95(8): p. 1017-1021.
375. Schrempf, H., PLASMIDS IN STREPTOMYCETES. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1975. 356(3): p. 276-276.
376. Wagner, H., P. Diesel, and M. Seitz, CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS OF SILYMARIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM GAERTN. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1974. 24(4): p. 466-471.
377. Vogel, G. and W. Trost, NEUTRALIZATION OF LETHAL EFFECTS OF PHALLOIDINE AND ALPHA-AMANITINE IN ANIMAL-EXPERIMENTS BY SUBSTANCES FROM SEEDS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 1974. 282: p. R102-R102.
378. Vogel, G. and W. Trost, Proceedings: Neutralization of the lethal effects of phalloidine and alpha-amanitine in animal experiments by substances from the seeds of Silybum marianum l. gaertn. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1974. 282(Suppl): p. suppl 282:R102-suppl 282:R102.
379. Sharma, B.M. and P. Singh, PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF SEEDS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Plant Science (Lucknow), 1974. 6: p. 34-37.
380. Holzl, J., BIOSYNTHESIS AND C-14 LABELING OF FLAVONOLIGNANS (SILYMARIN) BY SILYBUM-MARIANUM (HALLER). Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1974. C 29(1-2): p. 82-83.
381. Desplaces, A., et al., HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON TREATMENT OF LIVER-DAMAGE BY PHALLOIDINE WITH SILYMARIN - ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF SEED OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Digestion, 1974. 10(4-5): p. 343-344.
382. Bandopad.M, T.R. Seshadri, and N.P. Pardeshi, COMPONENTS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1972. 10(8): p. 808-&.
383. Wagner, H., et al., ON THE STRUCTURE OF SILYCHRISTIN A 2ND SILYMARIN ISOMER FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM-D. Tetrahedron Letters, 1971. 22: p. 1895-1899.
384. Halbach, G. and K. Gorler, SEPARATION OF FLAVONOID COMPONENTS CONTAINED IN FRUITS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Planta Medica, 1971. 19(4): p. 243-&.
385. Halbach, G. and K. Goerler, ON THE SEPARATION OF FLAVONOID CONTENTS IN THE FRUITS OF THE MILK THISTLE-D SILYBUM-MARIANUM-D. Planta Medica, 1971. 19(4): p. 293-298.
386. Schulte, K.E., G. Rucker, and H. Stigler, POLYACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS AS CONSTITUENTS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM GAERTN. Archiv Der Pharmazie Und Berichte Der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesselschaft, 1970. 303(1): p. 7-&.
387. Wagner, H., et al., CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIHEPATOTOXIC PRINCIPLE OF FRUITS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM. Lloydia, 1968. 31(4): p. 428-+.
388. Wagner, H., L. Horhammer, and M. Seitz, CHEMICAL VALUE DETERMINATION OF A FLAVONOID CONCENTRATE FROM SILYBUM MARIANUM(L) GAERTN CONTAINING SILYMARIN. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(6): p. 696-+.
389. Wagner, H., L. Horhammer, and R. Munster, CHEMISTRY OF SILYMARIN (SILYBIN) ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF FRUITS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN (CARDUUS MARIANUS L). Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(6): p. 688-+.
390. Vogel, G., SILYMARIN ANTIHEPATOTOXIC PRINCIPLE OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN AS AN ANTAGONIST OF PHALLOIDIN EFFECT. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(8): p. 1063-&.
391. Hahn, G., et al., PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF SILYMARIN ANTIHEPATOTOXIC AGENT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(6): p. 698-&.
392. Wagner, H. and R. Munster, STRUCTURE OF SILYBIN A NEW FLAVANANOL SUBSTANCE FROM FRUITS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM. Lloydia, 1967. 30(3): p. 287-&.
393. Kathein, R., N. Nagel, and D. Krumholz, Nitrate poisoning in cattle through Silybum marianum. Refuah Veterinarith, 1956. 13(1): p. 4-6.
394. Kendrick, J.W., J. Tucker, and S.A. Peoples, Nitrate poisoning in cattle due to ingestion of variegated thistle, Silybum marianum. Jour Amer Vet Med Assoc, 1955. 126((934)): p. 53-56.
395. Madden, F.J., Smashes in sheep and cattle from plant poisoning. Silybum marianum, Cynodon incompletus, Phyllanthus lacunarius and Sorghum halepense. Yearb. Inst. Insp. Stk., N. S. W., 1950. 1950. 51-54.
396. Zou, W., et al., Multifunctional anti-wrinkle skin care composition useful for reducing wrinkles and protecting skin aging caused by oxidation, comprises humectant, Silybum marianum fruit extract, thickening agent, chelating agent and emulsifying agent. Guangzhou Zhiyuan Biotechnology Co Ltd.
397. Zhu, Y., Traditional Chinese medicinal healthcare composition used for e.g. treating hepatic qi depression-type hemifacial spasm includes Silybum marianum, dutchmanspipe root, Perilla stem, fructus liquidambaris, Sambucus chinensis, and flos mume. Zhu Y.
398. Zhou, Y., X. Zhou, and C. Liang, Extraction of silymarin involves weighing Silybum marianum seed and then washing, drying washed seed and crushing, sieving and then extracting, freezing extract and then centrifuging, removing impurities and then washing and drying. Jiangsu Jianjia Pharm Ind Co Ltd.
399. Zhou, Y., X. Zhou, and C. Liang, Extracting silybin involves cleaning silybum shell to be extracting and draining water, drying by microwave, adding ethyl acetate to dissolve silybum marianum shell, extracting general flavone, vacuum collection, and adding ethyl acetate. Jiangsu Jianjia Pharm Ind Co Ltd.
400. Zhao, Z., Traditional Chinese medicine for treating stroke sequelae, comprises ginger, red bean, Laminaria japonica root, Begonia, bark of tree peony root, Silybum marianum, Cassia seed and fructus forsythiae. Zhao Z.
401. Zhao, Y., et al., Extracting silymarin comprises e.g. soaking Silybum marianum seeds in ethanol, removing seeds from ethanol, combining shelling machine, and shelling seeds, adding ethanol and diluent into pan-dip extractor, extracting and concentrating. Inner Mongolia Changhui Biotechnology Co.
402. Zhang, X., Chewable tablet useful for detoxifying and reducing swelling, comprises e.g. Turpinia, radish seed, Silybum marianum, madder, Gibberella, garden balsam stem, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Lysimachia auriculata and auxiliary material. Heilongjiang Zhicheng Medical Sci & Tech.
403. Zhang, T. and W. Chen, Liquor useful for e.g. protecting liver, relieving alcoholism, nourishing liver and reducing cholesterol, comprises marigold, Silybum marianum, artichoke, kudzuvine flower, Pueraria lobata, parsley, grains, distillers yeast and water. Puan Yinghong Liquor Factory.
404. Zhang, S., et al., Extraction of Silybum marianum protein involves taking Silybum marianum seed kernel, degreasing, crushing, mixing with distilled water, carrying out enzymatic pretreatment, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, freezing and vacuum drying. Univ Jiangsu.
405. Zhang, P., Method for fermenting Silybum marianum using edible fungi, involves adding crushed Silybum marianum fruits, medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicines in culture medium with Antrodia camphorata to obtain strains of edible fungi. Zhang P.
406. Zhang, J., Extraction of flavone by cleaning Ginkgo leaf or Silybum marianum seed, drying, crushing, subjecting to carbon dioxide extraction using an ethanol, recycling ethanol, filtering using film filter, and spray drying. Xian Terra Biochem Co Ltd.
407. Zhang, C., et al., Extraction of silymarin includes soaking Silybum marianum in ethyl acetate, shelling seeds, adding ethyl acetate and diluent, performing gradient extraction, concentrating primary extract, mixing, standing, drying, crushing and sieving. Inner Mongolia Changhui Biotechnology Co.
408. Zeng, X. and Z. Zeng, Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine vinegar beverage used for treating hyperlipidemia by soaking and extracting ginseng, radix polygoni multiflori, rhizoma drynariae, fructus schizandrae and Silybum marianum, and mixing with vinegar. Zeng Z.
409. Yuan, N., Composition useful for preventing and curing diabetes, prepared by taking Silybum marianum and Stephania sinica, adding ethanol, reflux extracting, filtering, combining filtrates, vacuum recycling ethanol, and vacuum concentrating. Ningbo Huxin Drug Technology Co Ltd.
410. Yuan, N., Medicine composition used for treating diabetes mellitus, reducing blood glucose and glycolated hemoglobin comprises Silybum marianum and Pueraria. Ningbo Huxin Drug Technology Co Ltd.
411. Yu, D., Emulsion with long-lasting moisturizing function used for moisturizing and whitening normal skin contains lactic acid, night primrose oil, sandalwood oil, trehalose, turmeric root extract, Silybum marianum extract, corn oil and menthol. Yu D.
412. Yang, N., et al., Polysulfone hemodialysis for oxidation resistance of flat membrane involves mixing of silybum marianum blended with polysulfone before adding pore-forming agent and solvent to prepare casting solution. Univ Tianjin Polytechnic.
413. Yang, C. and J. Zhang, Extracting silymarin from Silybum marianum, by processing Silybum marianum seeds, adding ethyl alcohol and enzyme composition, extracting mixture, filtering extract, performing elution, concentrating eluate, and drying concentrate. Nanjing Biaoke Biological Technology Co.
414. Yang, C., Anti-allergic eye cream contains snake venom protein peptide, snail mucus extract, human oligopeptide, hydrolyzed collagen protein, tallow tree fruit, vitamin E, Silybum marianum extract, sodium hyaluronate and alkyl glycoside. Qingdao Aipaike Biotechnology Co Ltd.
415. Xu, Y., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for e.g. treating diabetes, contains Astragalus, rhizoma polygonati, Arenaria, Meconopsis, Cordyceps sinensis, rhizoma picrorrhizae, Silybum marianum, peach gum, folium eucalypti, and snow lotus. Shangri-La Diabetes Res Inst.
416. Xu, N., Nutritional powder useful for nourishing liver comprises e.g. milk powder, Silybum marianum, Ganoderma lucidum, glossy privet fruit, Salvia miltiorrhiza, lily, pseudoginseng, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, red jujube and medlar. Xu N.
417. Xu, B., J. Dai, and J. Wu, High-purity silibinin, prepared by adding acetic ether to Silybum marianum shell to dissolve, extracting general flavone and vacuumizing, and dissolving, extracting, filtering and drying general flavone to obtain high-purity silibinin. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
418. Xie, L. and W. Zhou, Preparing traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for clearing heat, promoting diuresis and treating jaundice involves involves using Silybum marianum and Swertia used for preparing total flavonoids. Jiangxi Xinzheng Pharm Co Ltd.
419. Xiao, L., et al., Tea useful for protecting gallbladder comprises artichoke, Silybum marianum, turmeric, stringy stonecrop, giant knotweed, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ganoderma lucidum, vitamin B, vitamin E and stevioside. Aikedao Biotechnology Co Ltd.
420. Wu, Z., Extracting silymarin using food grade ethanol involves removing fat oil from dried Silybum marianum seed by mechanical pressing, crushing obtained mixture, introducing into multifunctional extraction tank and adding food grade ethanol. Wu Z.
421. Wu, Z., Extraction of silymarin by drying Silybum marianum seed, pressing off fat oil, crushing rice bran, adding into multifunctional extracting tank, adding ethyl acetate, extracting, adding into evaporation tank, and adding with solvent. Wu Z.
422. Wu, S., et al., Preparation of silybin-phospholipid complex includes taking Silybum marianum extract and phospholipids, dissolving in ethanol, sonicating Silybum marianum extract and phospholipid solutions, mixing solutions, sonicating and evaporating. Jiangsu Jianjia Pharm Ind Co Ltd.
423. Wu, S., Pale eye cream useful for nourishing eye muscle and reducing fine lines, comprises hydrolyzed collagen protein, vitamin E, Silybum marianum fruit extract, sodium hyaluronate, glycerol, pearl powder, panthenol, cetyl alcohol and almond. Wu S.
424. Wu, J., C. Wu, and T. Fu, Extracting and purifying unsaturated fatty acid from Silybum marianum oil comprises e.g. adding urea into the solvent, heating, dissolving, reducing temperature, adding antioxidant and adding Silybum marianum oil and stirring. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
425. Wu, J., W. Huang, and Y. Wei, Improving Silybum marianum shell active component dissolution, comprises e.g. stirring Silybum marianum shell with water, moistening, allowing Silybum marianum shell to fully absorb water and passing into spiral rolling separation device. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
426. Wu, J., W. Huang, and Y. Wei, Silybum marianum oil composition used for preparing medicament for reducing aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, comprises oleic acid and linoleic acid. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
427. Wu, J., T. Fu, and C. Wu, Degreasing and dehydrating Silybum marianum seed protein meal by mixing Silybum marianum seed kernel and anhydrous ethanol, placing in clean plastic bag, wetting, pressing, microwave-vacuum drying, sterilizing, crushing and sieving. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
428. Wu, C., J. Wu, and T. Fu, Silybum marianum seed protein extracting method via wet ultramicro pulverization involves taking Silybum marianum seed kernel oil, adding petroleum ether, extracting, filtering, drying, crushing, adding water, and adjusting pH value. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
429. Weber, A. and V. Kloubert, Cosmetic product, useful for the prevention of skin aging and wrinkles, comprises carnosine, tocopherol, an extract from a fruit of Silybum marianum, and an extract from seeds of Glycine soja. Babor Gmbh&Co Kg.
430. Wang, Z., Extraction of silymarin under nitrogen protection involves screening Silybum marianum seeds, grinding, adding acetone, extracting, concentrating, heating, vacuum sealing, vacuum drying and packaging. Wang Z.
431. Wang, Y., Healthcare food useful for reducing blood fat, comprises e.g. evening primrose oil, fish oil, garlic, Eucommia ulmoides seed oil, olive oil, glass borage oil, samara oil, rice oil, tea seed oil, Silybum marianum seed oil and sesame oil. Weihai Nanbowan Biological Technology Co.
432. Wang, P., Selenium-enriched anti-radiation shampoo contains jojoba oil, fumaric acid, Silybum marianum, sodium selenite, radix astragali, resveratrol, fermented selenium emulsion, Aloe, polydimethylsiloxane and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Anqing Huiyun Boguan Cosmetics Technolog.
433. Wang, L. and J. Xu, Chinese medicine useful for treating cerebral hemorrhage, comprises Silybum marianum, Dalbergia odorifera, stone chlorophytum, Begonia fimbristipula, Pericarpium trichosanthis, Vitex leaf, Chimonanthus praecox and Morus alba. Qingdao Changanda Pharm Co Ltd.
434. Wang, L., Hot pot soup useful for activating blood and relieving pain, comprises Daphne flower, Rhodiola, Anaphalis lactea, garden burnet, Wedelia chinensis, puffball, Silybum marianum, shutter leaf, caulis tinosporae and seasoning powder. Harbin Lcwd Food Dev Co Ltd.
435. Wang, K. and S. Yang, Medicinal composition used for treating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, comprises radix scrophulariae, hairyvein agrimony, Silybum marianum, cogon grass rhizome, Schisandra berry, Angelica, toad oil and licorice. Wang K.
436. Wang, J. and J. Hu, Cooperative medicinal compositions comprising Silybum marianum. Jiang Z.
437. Wang, J., et al., Preparing silymarin, comprises e.g. crushing Silybum marianum medicinal material, removing oil, extracting Silybum marianum medicinal dreg cake by adding ethyl acetate solvent, concentrating silymarin extract, and centrifugally separating. Ningbo Liwah Plant Extract Technology Co.
438. Wang, F. and J. Ye, Traditional Chinese medical composition used for treating obesity fatty liver, comprises rhizoma sparganii, Curcuma zedoaria, hawthorn, Polygonum multiflorum, rhizoma alismatis, Silybum marianum, fruit of Chinese wolfberry, and licorice. Wang F; Ye J.
439. Wang, C., et al., Extraction of silymarin from Silybum marianum by adding adsorbent and organic solvent to crushed Silybum marianum, extracting, carrying out column chromatography, crystallizing, and re-crystallizing. Sanyuan Runhe Plant Chem Co Ltd.
440. Wang, C., C. Pi, and G. Liu, Composition useful for e.g. supplementing iron, contains porphyrin, xylo-oligosaccharide, chitosan, Salvia miltiorrhiza extract, Astragalus extract, licorice extract, Silybum marianum extract and sodium butyrate. Guangzhou Healthcore Bio-Tech Co Ltd.
441. Wan, L., D. Yao, and Y. Zhang, Purification of silymarin comprises drying Silybum marianum seed, soaking, adding cellulase and hemicellulase, carrying-out heat preservation enzymolysis, separating protein, adding phosphoric acid, eluting resin, decompressing and drying. Daxinganling Lingonberry Organic Foodstu.
442. Wan, J., L. Wu, and S. Qin, Traditional Chinese medicine composition useful for reducing blood fat comprises e.g. pseudoginseng, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, Ginkgo leaf, cassia seed, root of kudzu vine, Silybum marianum, radix astragali, and Bletilla striata. Sichuan Lvhe Pharm Co Ltd.
443. Tolnai, P., Acute and chronic liver complaints are alleviated - by a therapeutic compound, containing vitamins, trace elements plus silymarin (an extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum. Tolnai P.
444. Tarpo, E., et al., Silimarine prepn. from silybum marianum fruit-de-ballasting fruit with extn. benzene at reflux and extracting at reflux with acetone. Intr Medicamente Biofarm; Inst Control Stat Med.
445. Svehllk, Z. and M. Buchta, Feed supplement, useful for e.g. direct feeding of animals/integration into the feeding batch, comprises whole and/or treated fruits of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and crushed, milled and/or pressed parts of additional plant species. Irel Spol Sro.
446. Svehlik, Z. and P. Svehlik, Residue cold mechanical extraction technique for farm produce removes fat from the crop. Irel Spol Sro.
447. Suschnik, M., Lipophobic substances e.g. silymarin isolation-from plant material e.g. silybum marianum by solvent extn. Suschnik M.
448. Sun, Y., et al., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for removing phlegm and treating tinnitus cerebri comprises Elaeagnus oldhamii, tulip, Gardenia, sea buckthorn, Silybum marianum, blue kohlrabi leaf and saffron. Sun Y.
449. Sun, X., Pharmaceutical composition useful for e.g. treating infantile diarrhea, contains fimbriae orostachys, Silybum marianum, Hirudo, Euodia fruit, rhizoma homalomenae, tortoise plastron, milkvetch seed, red pine and pericarpium trichosanthis. Diao Y.
450. Sun, S., Traditional Chinese medicine used for e.g. treating hepatocirrhosis ascites includes Hedyotis diffusa, Alectoria, Vicia unijuga, Silybum marianum, wormwood, Scutellaria, Ficus hirta, aweto, Wrightia, Physalis minima and glutinous rice. Sun S.
451. Sun, M., Spirulina rice product useful for clearing heat and reducing heat stroke, contains Spirulina phycocyanin protein liquid, Gerbera, herba eupatorii, Silybum marianum, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Salix leaves and Ardisia maclurei. Harbin Huazao Biotechnology Dev Co Ltd.
452. Sun, L., Traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for treating liver and gallbladder damp-heat type pancreatitis, contains corn flower, Silybum marianum, Citrus aurantium, Wikstroemia dolichantha, Pandanus tectorius, and fake lily. Yantai Ruizhi Biomedical Technology Co.
453. Sun, K. and Q. Wu, Medicine useful e.g. for treating chronic cholecystitis comprises e.g. Halenia elliptica D. don, false Chinese swertia herb, radix curcumae, Lonchura striata domestica, India trumpetflower, Silybum marianum and Rabdosia lophanthide. Wu Qiang.
454. Su, Y., Chinese medicinal feed additive useful in e.g. aquaculture breeding feed, comprises turmeric, radix astragali, Silybum marianum, garlic, ginger, Houttuynia cordata, spirulina, jujube and hawthorn. Beijiamei Tianjin Biotechnology Dev Co.
455. Song, Y., Q. Ping, and Y. Xiao, Precursor liposome preparation containing silybum marianum extract and its preparing process. Univ China Pharmacy; Univ China Pharm.
456. Song, M., Silybum marianum seed oil and rape seed blend oil comprises omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, omega-9 fatty acid, vitamin E and microelement. Yanbian Yuanshan Grease Technology Co Ltd.
457. Song, C., Antiallergic eye cream includes snake venom protein peptide, snail mucus extract, human oligopeptide, hydrolyzed collagen, tallow tree fruit, vitamin E, Silybum marianum fruit extract, sodium hyaluronate and alkyl polyglucoside. Song C.
458. Snyehola, T. and J. Kuti, Use of synergic mixture of herbs including Lepidium meyenii, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Galega officinalis, Silybum marianum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Coriandrum sativum as stimulant food additive to support female body and hormone system. Snyehola T; Kuti J.
459. Shi, H., Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for reducing blood fat and protecting liver comprises Lotus leaf, radix scutellariae, Rhaponticum uniflorum, and Silybum marianum oil. Shi H.
460. Saurat, J.H., et al., Use of extract of akene of Silybum marianum comprising silymarin for treating acne, seborrhea, rosacea and/or seborrheic dermatitis. Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique Pierre.
461. Sato, O., Medicinal material for preventing impaired liver function, obtained by mixing extract of Panax notoginseng, turmeric, rhizoma polygonati, licorice and Silybum marianum. Firmex Japan Kk.
462. Saito, M., et al., Composition useful in foodstuffs, contains dried powder and/or extract of Silybum marianum, soybean, safflower, Trifolium pratense, taraxacum, garlic or Althaea officinalis, blended with Psyllium, sea tangle or apple pectin. Kanebo Foods Ltd.
463. Pola, P., Food or dietary supplement useful in protection of liver function against exogenous and endogenous hepatotoxic agents comprises L-carnitine and an extract of Silybum marianum. Sigma-Tau Healthscience Spa; Sigma-Tau Ind Farm Riunite Spa; Pola P.
464. Peng, Y., et al., Traditional Chinese medicinal extract useful for inhibiting photoaging of skin, prepared by adding distilled water to e.g. Silybum marianum, Aloe, and radix polygonati officinalis, and extracting and freezing and drying product. Zhang Y.
465. Peng, B., X. Yang, and G. Zhang, Making silymarin to treat hepatitis by after activating lyophilized powder of Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma koningii, inoculating to Silybum marianum degreasing seed cake powder, preserving heat, fermenting, extracting, adding methanol. Jiamusi Sanjiang Silymarin Prod Co Ltd.
466. Paufique, J., Use of an active ingredient obtained from Silybum marianum in a cosmetic composition that is useful for slimming effect and/or as anti-cellulites and for reducing fat storage by activating lipolysis. Silab Soc Ind Limousine Appl Biologique; Soc Ind Limousine Appl Biologique Sa.
467. Parachur, V.A., et al., Herbal anti-age related macular disease composition used to treat age related macular diseases, diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion, comprises herbal extract e.g. Cinnamomum verum, Silybum marianum and Punica granatum. Parachur V a; Parachur V.
468. Okamoto, M. and S. Kitanaka, Health food for preventing and treating liver function and malaise, contains extract or dried product obtained from Silybum marianum, turmeric, Panax notoginseng, licorice, Salviae miltiorhizae radix and Cassia obtusifolia. Os Kogyo Kk.
469. O, Y.R., Food supplement composition useful for treating patients with fatty liver problem, comprises milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and lagundi (Vitex negundo). O Y R.
470. Nomoto, K., T. Sakagami, and T. Kimitsuki, Agent composition used for improving reproduction ability of calved cow contains Andrographis-paniculata extract, chicory root powder, Eclipta-prostrata extract, Silybum marianum extract, Phyllanthus-niruri extract and soy bean oil. Kokin Kagaku Kk.
471. Myhill, P.R. and W.J. Driscoll, Composition useful for reducing the undesirable side-effects of free radicals in a subject comprises Bacopa monniera extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera powder, Camellia sinensis extract and Curcuma longa extract. Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
472. Myhill, P.R. and W.J. Driscoll, Composition, useful for preventing or treating e.g. aging, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, comprises Bacopa monnieri extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera extract, Camellia sinensis extract, and/or Curcuma longa extract. Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
473. Morimoto, Y., et al., Aromatase inhibitor useful for preventing and treating sex hormone dependent diseases e.g. breast cancer of post menopausal woman, comprises herbal extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis, prunella spike, Silybum marianum, or Areca catechu. Kracie Pharm Kk.
474. Mo, Y., et al., Medicinal composition used for treating breast hyperplasia, contains Carpesium divaricatum, Silybum marianum, pepper, Akebia quinata, radix bupleuri, radix curcumae, spina gleditsiae, pangolin, turtle shell and root of common peony. Univ Hubei Nationalities.
475. Meng, F., Milk thistle Silybum marianum long effect preparation and its preparation method. Meng F.
476. Marini, J.L., Cosmetic composition useful for treating e.g., dermatitis, eczema, dry skin, acne, sunburn, inflammation comprises extract of Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum or Withania somnifera and a vehicle. Marini J L; Marini Skin Res Inc Jan.
477. Mao, L., Liganning tablet and preparing method, involves diluting Chinese medicinal material silybum marianum and swertia according to optimum mixing. Huang R.
478. Madaus, R., et al., Silymarin isolation from Silybum marianum oil expression residue-by extn. with ethyl acetate, defatting with petroleum ether, and work-up in aq. methanol. Madaus & Co Gmbh.
479. Luo, F., et al., Medicinal preparation for treating cholelithiasis comprises folium artemisiae argyi, Silybum marianum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Hedyotis diffusa flower, smoked plum, Solanum lyratum, purslane, rhizoma coptidis and Cynanchum paniculatum. Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Res & Dev Cen.
480. Lu, Q., et al., Producing silymarin comprises pressing Silybum marianum seed to obtain powder, soaking powder in aqueous alkali, extracting using acetone, filtering and concentrating, extracting concentrated liquid using non-polar solvent and concentrating. Chenguang Biotech Group Co Ltd.
481. Liuiu, X., Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for treating type-II diabetes mellitus, contains blackberry lily, Silybum marianum, corn stigma, pine needle, white stiff silkworm, Stevia rebaudiana and folium mori. Liuiu X.
482. Liu, Y., X. Li, and Z. Zhao, Self-emulsified microemulsion composition, comprising Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), silybin, ethyl linoleate, hydrogenated castor oil and absolute alcohol. Xian Lijun Pharm Co Ltd.
483. Liu, Q., et al., Traditional Chinese medicinal particles, useful for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, comprises e.g. rhizoma Alisma, Cassia seed, radix Curcuma, Silybum marianum and radix Bupleurum, which are distilled, extracted and concentrated. Henan College Traditional Chinese Medici.
484. Liu, K., H. Qiu, and Y. Wu, Microsatellite markers used for identifying yellow chest Thrips in Silybum marianum, comprise THaw1, THaw2,THaw5, THaw9, THaw10 and Thaw11. Catas Environment & Plant Protection Ins; Environment & Plant Protection Res Inst.
485. Liu, H., et al., Chinese herbal medicinal composition useful for preventing and treating livestock and poultry infectious mycotic disease, comprises baikal skullcap root, rhubarb, hawthorn, medicated leaven, Silybum marianum and pine needle powder. Henan Ruilante Biological Pharmacy Co.
486. Liu, G., et al., Nutritious and delicious tablet used for pets for protecting liver and treating damage liver comprises S-adenosylmethionine, Silybum marianum extract and vitamin E. Ringpu (Tianjin) Biomedical Co Ltd.
487. Liu, D. and C. Yang, Preparation of Silybum marianum volatile oil comprises taking Silybum marianum leaves, drying, crushing, sieving, extracting, and concentrating. Nanjing Didao Agric Sci & Technology Co Ltd.
488. Liao, Z., et al., Pomfret disease resistant immunity reinforcing agent used e.g. for promoting growth, includes fish, chicken, rhizoma curculiginis, milk vetch seed, nux vomica, fortune eupatorium herb, radix sophorae flavescentis and Silybum marianum. Univ Zhejiang Ocean.
489. Liao, X., et al., Preparing silymarin comprises removing shell of Silybum marianum seed, softening via steam, extracting with ethanol in a rotocel extractor, concentrating the extract, stirring with aqueous alkali solution to precipitate and drying. Bai X.
490. Li, L., Composition used for treating gall stone, comprises paniculate swallowwort root, Silybum marianum, cattail pollen, Trogopterus dung, Chinese dodder seed, corn stigma, immature bitter orange, caulis lonicerae, amaranth and dried orange peel. Li L.
491. Li, J., et al., Preparation for treating liver, gall, spleen and stomach disease, comprises radix bupleuri, sow thistle tasselflower, Korean thistle, Silybum marianum fruit, Hovenia dulcis, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli and turmeric. Yulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospi.
492. Li, J. and J. Wang, Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine cooperative compositions comprising Silybum marianum. Chen N.
493. Li, J., Medicine composition used e.g. for preventing or treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis includes herba gynostemmatis, radix curcumae, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, Silybum marianum, rhizoma alismatis, Poria, and semen cassiae. Univ Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicin.
494. Li, F., Healthcare food composition useful for reducing blood sugar levels, preventing and treating diabetes comprises Gymnema sylvestre, Silybum marianum and fenugreek seed powder. Li F.
495. Lei, H., et al., Method for extracting flavonoid Silibinin, involves crushing Silybum marianum straw and adding crushed Silybum marianum straw into extracting tank, followed by soaking with industrial ethanol, and dissolving alcohol precipitate with ethanol. Univ Heilongjiang.
496. Lai, H., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for e.g. treating hepatitis, comprises Salvia, radix paeoniae alba, Angelica, redroot gromwell, licorice, peach kernel, Silybum marianum, rhubarb, fructus schizandrae and Panax notoginseng. Shaanxi Kangle Traditional Chinese Medic.
497. Kuti, J. and T. Snyehola, Preparation of food additive involves providing some herbs e.g. Lycium barbarum, and adding another plant group e.g. Mary Thistle seed such as silybum marianum, mixing both components and making its extract, tonizing. Kuti J; Snyehola T.
498. Kurkin, V.A., et al., Method for producing saint-mary-thistle syrup ((Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., fam. Compositae - Asteraceae)). Univ Samara Medical.
499. Kopenec, J. and M. Stuchlik, Beer/beer-based beverage comprises polyphenol of Silybum marianum in water-soluble form containing polyphenol with amino acid/aminohexitol, and colloidal silicon dioxide in water-soluble form containing dioxide with amino acid/aminohexitol. Agra Group as; Stuchlik M; Kopenec J.
500. Kong, L., Z. Xie, and X. Zheng, Composition containing traditional Chinese medicine active matter comprises Silybum marianum seed extract, Sophora root extract, fructus cnidii extract and liquorice extract. Shanghai Chuoran Biotechnology Co Ltd.
501. Kim, J., Composition useful e.g. for clearing away heat and promoting diuretic comprises Dicliptera chinensis, black tea as main material, Japanese Ardisia, chicory, kapok root, Gerbera and Silybum marianum. Harbin Lingdan Hongyun Tea Co Ltd.
502. Kim, J., Tea for quenching thirst and relieving heat, comprises Hovenia dulcis, chickweed, Silybum marianum, phoenix-tail fern, dens draconis, bamboo shavings, mung bean, dwarf lilyturf root, watermelon, tea, honey and pectinase. Harbin Lingdan Hongyun Tea Co Ltd.
503. Kawanaka, S., M. Hashimoto, and T. Kimura, Pharmaceutical composition for use as food product or feed for preventing or improving type 2 diabetes or obesity, comprises Silybum marianum (Compositae) extract. Unitika Ltd.
504. Kang, Y.H., J.L. Kim, and S.J. Han, Composition for treating and preventing osteoporosis, comprises Silybum marianum extract and silymarin as active ingredients. Univ Hallym Ind Academic Coop Found.
505. Kang, H. and X. Han, Medicinal composition used for treating neonatal jaundice, comprises Chaydaia, Chrysosplenium, Hedyotis chrysotricha, Silybum marianum, southernwood leaf, stringy stonecrop, Phlegmariurus, Pogonatherum, Eupatorium herb and Dysosma. Weihai Maternal & Child Care Service Cen.
506. Kaneko, A., Immunoglobulin E and interleukin-4 production suppression composition used in food-drinks for reducing allergy, respiratory constriction, edema and nasal discharge, comprises organic-solvent extract of Silybum marianum of Asteraceae. Nisshin Pharma Kk.
507. Kahol, A.P., et al., Production of silymarin from Silybum marianum seeds includes defatting of powdered seeds with hydrocarbon solvent, extraction with acetonitrile and purification using dichloromethane. Council Sci&Ind Res India.
508. Kahol, A.P., et al., Process for isolation of silymarin, hepatoprotective agent, from Silybum marianum seeds. Council Sci&Ind Res India.
509. Jin, P.H., et al., Composition useful in drug and dietary supplement or health functional food, for treating and preventing non alcoholic fatty liver disease, comprises extracts of Aronia melanocarpa and Silybum marianum. Mushmed Co Ltd; Jbk Natural Medicine Inst; Jin P H; Park H; Park K.
510. Jiang, H., et al., Extraction of silymarin, involves soaking Silybum marianum seeds in ethyl acetate, charging Silybum marianum shell into pan and vortex extractor, and adding aqueous alkali solution to Silybum marianum concentrated solution. Inner Mongolia Changhui Biotechnology Co.
511. Jiang, F. and J. Wang, Composition useful in preparation of medicine for treating jaundice in newborn, comprises herba artemisiae, Gardenia, rhizoma zingiberis, cortex albiziae, Rheum officinale, Silybum marianum, Desmodium and radix bupleuri. Tang G; Jiang F.
512. Jia, W., S. Li, and M. Qiu, Dripping pill for treating hepatitides, early hepatocirrhosis and hyperlipemia, comprises Silybum marianum, polyglycol 6000, polyglycol 4000, sodium stearate, poloxamer, and monoglyceride stearate. Univ Shanghai Jiaotong.
513. Jia, H., et al., Extraction of silymarin by extracting Silybum marianum seed oil using ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate extracting solvent, concentrating, adding n-hexane, separating and purifying, recycling solvent, crystallizing and vacuum drying. Bai X.
514. Ji, S. and D. Zhu, Hydrophilic polymer-combo of Silybum marianum extract product as well as medicinal combination containing the combo. Jiankai Sci & Technology Co Ltd Beijing.
515. Ji, H., et al., Extraction of total flavone silymarin used for, e.g. eliminating active oxygen, by crushing dried Silybum marianum medicinal material, extracting, carrying out chromatography, and freeze-drying paste. Jiangsu Tiansheng Pharm Co Ltd.
516. Jain, S., Oral supplement, used as an adjuvant in jaundice, pre-cirrhotic and early cirrhosis conditions, comprises e.g. extracts of Silybum marianum, ginger root, grape seed, dandelion and Schisandra, lecithin soya powder, vitamin C and folic acid. Akums Drugs & Pharm Ltd.
517. Jahodar, L., Vegetable based antioxidant based on vitis vinifera, phyllanthus amarus, emblica officinalis, phoenix dactylifera, andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum materials. Avicenna Co Sro.
518. Iwayama, M., H. Murase, and Y. Akao, Cytostatic composition used for treating digestive cancer and leukemia, contains extract of rosemary, grape, cinnamon, Hydrangea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, kumquat, Citrus tangerina, Silybum marianum or lemon balm. Cci Kk; Univ Gifu; Cci Holdings Kk.
519. Ishinabe, K., et al., Liver function activator for liver diseases-contains extracts of Panax ginseng, Silybum marianum and turmeric. Nissui Pharm Co Ltd.
520. Ishii, A. and G. Yoshikawa, Foodstuff for reducing external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids and bleeding, comprises mixture of silymarin and curcuminoid, or mixture of Silybum marianum and turmeric. Yoshikawa G; Tervis Kk.
521. Huang, Y., G. Yin, and R. He, Composition used in preparing health or food products for preventing and treating alcoholic liver disease comprises shell oligosaccharide, kudzu vine root, Silybum marianum, vitamin C and calcium pantothenate. By-Health Co Ltd.
522. Huang, X., Milk feed formulation for dairy cattle, comprises corn, clover, rapeseed meal, carrot, fermented straw, distillers grain powder, pawpaw, Salvia root, shrimp shell powder, clover, Silybum marianum, oat and trace elements. Kaixian Fengxiangba Farming Professional Coop.
523. Huang, S. and Y. Huang, Preparing Silybum marianum oil solid beverage useful for preventing Alzheimer disease, comprises mixing first extract and second extract, pulverizing, extracting, drying, distilling, concentrating, granulating, and packaging. Heilongjiang Junmen Modern Agric Dev Co.
524. Huang, P. and G. Xu, Traditional Chinese medicinal formulation useful for preventing diarrhea, contains Silybum marianum, rhubarb, Glauber's salt, Aloe, Rumex japonicus, Senna, gallnut, catechu, rhizoma coptidis, elecampane, nutmeg and ginger. Jiangsu Huajing Biotehcnology Co Ltd.
525. Huang, J., et al., Feed additive, useful for treating hepato-biliary diseases of barracuda, comprises radix salviae miltiorrhizae, Cassia seed, Gardenia, licorice, Silybum marianum, Chrysanthemum, radix scutellariae, honeysuckle, and Chinese waxgourd peel. Yancheng Inst Technology.
526. Hua, X., Q. Hua, and L. Hua, Composition useful e.g. for treating and preventing chemical-driven liver injury, soothing liver, benefiting gallbladder, clearing heat, detoxifying and promoting blood circulation, comprises Silybum marianum, mulberry and rhizoma coptidis. Fujian Huahang Biotechnology Dev Co Ltd.
527. Herrmann, J., R. Oschmann, and H. Stumpf, Solubilised silymarin formulation-comprising dry Silybum marianum extract and polyethylene glycol. Schwabe Gmbh & Co Willmar.
528. Haratake, A. and S. Yamaguchi, Oral skin whitening agent for use in iced-dessert and solid foodstuff, comprises silybum marianum extract, containing silymarin, silybin, silychristin, and/or silydianin, as active components. Kanebo Ltd.
529. Guan, S., Medicinal composition useful for inhibiting replication of hepatitis virus, protecting liver against fibrosis due to viral entry and necrosis of liver cells, comprising extracts of Flavescent sophora root and silybum marianum. Guangzhou Ruiji Biological Technology Co.
530. Gu, C., et al., Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for relieving alcoholism and protecting liver comprises turmeric, Silybum marianum, kudzu root, and Aloe. Jiangsu Shenhua Pharm Co Ltd.
531. Gilliland, G., Dr Hangover for alleviating hangover symptoms associated with alcohol consumption comprises e.g. N-acyl cysteine, L-glutamine, riboflavin, niacin/nicotinamide, pyritoxine hydrochloride, ascorbic C, folate, silybum marianum and resveratrol. Gillilands Island Health&Dreams.
532. Giampapa, V.C. and D.B. Cross, Increasing telomerase activity, involves orally administering supplement composition containing extract of silybum marianum, N-acetylcysteine, trans-resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum, extract of Panax ginseng, and silica. Cellhealth Technologies Ltd.
533. Ge, H., Silybum marianum egg crisp used for clearing liver, contains Silybum marianum, Corydalis taliensis, Caragana flower, Curcuma sichuanensis, Buddleja officinalis, Plantago asiatica, Cynanchum mooreanum, Gentianopsis paludosa and egg. Harbin Tianyi Ecological Agric Co Ltd.
534. Fu, T., C. Wu, and J. Wu, Extracting effective components in leaves and stems of Silybum marianum, cleaning leaves and stems of Silybum marianum, drying stems and leaves, de-enzyming stems and leaves, and ultrasonically extracting stems and leaves. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
535. Foley, B., Water-in-silicone emulsion used for improving appearance of and preventing damage to facial skin, comprises octinoxate, niacinamide, Salix nigra bark extract, adenosine, and Silybum marianum extract. Kay Inc Mary.
536. Florence, T., et al., Topical skin toner, useful to treat skin conditions e.g. acne and impetigo, comprises Silybum marianum fruit extract, Momordica grosvenorii fruit extract and a vehicle containing e.g. butylene glycol, glycerin, simethicone and disodium EDTA. Kay Inc Mary.
537. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Treating skin e.g. fine line or wrinkle, comprises applying a composition comprising Silybum marianum extract and Momordica grosvenori fruit extract, which are hydroalcoholic extract and hydroglycolic extract respectively. Kay Inc Mary.
538. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Treating skin involves topically applying a composition comprising effective amount of Silybum marianum extract, Momordica grosvenori fruit extract, Plumeria alba flower extract, and Nymphea gigantean flower extract to the skin. Florence T; Hines M; Gan D; Kay Inc Mary.
539. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Topical skin composition used to e.g. increase synthesis of collagen, reduce deep lines and wrinkles in skin, comprises e.g. Centella asiatica stem cells or Centella asiatica extract, tripeptide-1, hexylresorcinol, and Silybum marianum. Kay Inc Mary.
540. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Applying cosmetic composition to skin involves topically applying to skin, composition that includes Silybum marianum extract, e.g. hydroalcoholic extract, and Momordica grosvenori fruit extract, e.g. hydroglycolic extract. Kay Inc Mary.
541. Florence, T., Treating pruritus comprises topically applying a composition containing Echinacea purpurea extract, Silybum marianum extract, glycerin and a mixture comprising cetylhydroxyproline palmitamide/steric acid/Brassica campestris sterols to skin. Kay Inc Mary.
542. Florence, T., Treating pruritus, by topically applying composition comprising Echinacea purpurea extract and Silybum marianum fruit extract to skin. Kay Inc Mary.
543. Feng, M. and X. Su, Traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating bacterial cholecystitis, contains wampee, Liriodendron chinense, briar root, Salvia, Bidens pilosa, Silybum marianum, jujube, Artemisia, catechu, gallnut, and pomegranate peel. Huiyinbi Group Anhui Pharm Co Ltd.
544. Feng, J., W. Lu, and J. He, Silymarin nanogranular composition comprises silybin extracted for Chinese medicinal Silybum marianum. Shanghai Inst Pharm Ind.
545. Fan, G. and L. Wang, Preparation of silymarin involves mixing silybum marianum fruit powder and methanol in extractor, adding acetone to obtained extract, filtering, filling obtained in reverse-flow extractor and collecting silymarin. Suzhou Paiteng Biological Medicine Sci &.
546. Driscoll, W.J. and P.R. Myhill, Composition useful for treating e.g. memory loss, Parkinson's disease, aging, cancer comprises Bacopa monniera extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera powder, Camellia sinensis extract, Curcuma longa extract. Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
547. Driscoll, W.J., J.M. McCord, and P.R. Myhill, Composition for treating e.g. oxidative stress comprises two botanical extracts containing active ingredient, where extract is e.g. Bacopa monniera extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera extract with their active ingredient. Lifeline Nutraceuticals; Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
548. Drew, H.R., J.G. Yang, and L. Yang, Composition useful e.g. for treating or preventing DNA damage and diabetes, and to protect liver comprises combination of high selenium yeast and selenocysteine, and optionally Momordica charantia, Silybum marianum, or lecithin. Australian Trefoil Health Technologies.
549. Dranik, L.I., L.G. Dolganenko, and V.V. Belikov, Liver-protective poly-hydroxyphenyl-chromanone pharmaceuticals-prepd. from Silybum marianum gaerth seeds by multistage solvent extn. using ethanol, carbon tetra:chloride and chloroform. Khark Chem-Pharm.
550. Dou, J. and Y. Hu, Silybum marianum acne gel is composed of silybum marianum extract, plant extract, propanediol, vitamin E, potassium dihydroxyethyl sulfonate, triethanolamine, preservative and rest is water, and is prepared by weighing each raw material. Zhenjiang Yixin Bioengineering Technology Co Ltd.
551. Dong, S. and D. Gu, Development of micro particle silybum marianum preparation. Dong S.
552. Dong, J., et al., Chinese medicinal healthcare oral liquid useful for e.g. providing anti-radiation effect, contains Silybum marianum, dendrobe, Rhodiola rosea, Astragalus membranaceus, seed of thorny jujube tree, radix rehmanniae, Gardenia and medlar. Qingdao Jiarui Biological Technology Co.
553. Di Pierro, F., Hypocholesteremizing and hypoglycemizing composition for prevention and treatment of alterations of lipid and carbohydrate balance or disorders, comprises berberine and extract e.g. of Silybum marianum and Camellia sinensis. Velleja Res Srl.
554. Di, F., Method for extracting silymarin from Silybum marianum seed coats, involves husking cleaned seeds, extracting separated husks using solvent, concentrating and recycling solvent. Di F.
555. Di, F., Dynamic rotating vacuum drying method for removing solvent remaining on Silybum marianum pixel surface, comprises introducing Silybum marianum in a drying tank of a double-cone rotary vacuum drier, and steam heating the Silybum marianum. Di F.
556. Desai, L.J., Herbal composition used to enhance milk production comprises extracts of Trigonella fenugracum, Cocus nucifera, Brassica juncea, Farsetia jacquemontii, Cuminum cynminum, Carum copticum, Anethum graveolens, Avena sativa and Silybum marianum. Desai L J.
557. Deng, T. and J. Wu, Manufacture of Silybum marianum tea used for resisting acute liver injury and protecting liver by soaking Silybum marianum leaves in sodium chloride solution, cleaning, spreading, drying, de-enzyming, kneading and rolling, and crushing. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
558. Danapur, V., et al., Silybum marianum plant extract and its uses. Avestha Gengraine Technologies Pvt Ltd.
559. Dai, W., Traditional Chinese medicinal pill useful for treating liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, contains radix sophorae flavescentis, Phyllanthus, radix stephaniae tetrandrae, Chinese dodder seed, Silybum marianum and Schisandra chinensis. Dai W.
560. Dai, S., Preparation of Silybum marianum extract with high level and low melting residue, involves extracting Silybum marianum in stages, concentrating/distilling water layer, dissolving in sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuging, and drying. Ningbo Green Health Pharm Co Ltd.
561. Cong, X., Manufacture of silybum marianum meglumine used in drug for treating acute and chronic hepatitis and toxic liver damage, by preparing khaki powder using isopropanol and silybum marianum meglumine, adding water, and adding isopropanol. Jiangsu Lianchuang Pharm Technology Co L.
562. Chung, J.H., et al., Composition used for moisturizing skin and skin external preparation, comprises Fallopia japonica extract, Silybum marianum extract European black cohosh extract, glucose, galactose, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine. Univ Seoul Nat Hospital; Jungjinho Effect Inc.
563. Chi, C., W. Liu, and H. Wang, Medicinal composition used e.g. for treating neonatal jaundice, contains herba artemisiae capillaris, ginseng, rhizoma zingiberis, cortex albiziae, semen plantaginis, Silybum marianum, Glechoma longituba and radix bupleuri. Tang G; Chi C.
564. Chevreau, N., Composition used to treat skin, comprises e.g. Brassica plant extracts, Curcuma longa extract and curcuminoids, white tea extract, Wasabia japonica extract, Bacopa monnieri extract, Silybum marianum extract, and Piper nigrum extract. Lifevantage Corp; Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
565. Chen, Y. and L. Fu, Pharmaceutical composition comprises Silybum marianum extract, natural naphtha, phospholipids, iso-osmotic adjustment agent, stabilizing agent, seed fat and water. Chen Y; Fu L.
566. Chen, Y., D. Chen, and H. Yao, Silybum marianum seed oil polypeptide mixture useful for preventing and protecting alcohol-induced liver injury, contains turmeric corn peptide, Silybum marianum seed oil, sorbitol, microcrystalline cellulose and silicon dioxide. Wuhan Tallyho Biological Prod Co Ltd.
567. Chen, X., R. Xu, and Y. Ge, Traditional Chinese medicine, useful for treating coronary atherosclerosis, comprises trichosanthis, Silybum marianum, Cassia twig, sea-buckthorn, Allium macrostemon, mulberry, red-rooted Salvia, seaweed and Pinellia ternata. Chen X; Qingdao Municipal Hospital.
568. Chen, N. and X. Peng, Pharmaceutical composition used for reducing mouse inflammation, enhancing oxidation resistance, and delaying exercise-induced fatigue comprises Bacopa monniera, Silybum marianum, ginseng, maca, rhizoma curcumae longae and green tea extract. Univ Wuhan Sports.
569. Chavarria Krauser, A., et al., Use of silymarine obtained from Silybum marianum having neuroprotective activity for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases and ameliorating symptoms of neurodegenerative process and is evaluated by murine model MPTP. Univ Mexico Nacional Autonoma.
570. Catrina, I.A., S.B. Catrina, and O.M. Marinica, Obtaining silimarine, involves concentrating acetone extract obtained from ground fruit of Silybum Marianum, phase separation, treating hydro-acetone part with hydrochloric acid, and drying. Catrina I a; Catrina S B; Marinica O M; Marinica T.
571. Campbell, N., et al., Glucan composition for food supplement, e.g. for losing weight in patient having overweight body mass index, comprises beta-1,3/1,6-glucan and plant extract including extract from Silybum marianum, golden root, dandelion, and burdock seed. Med-Eq as; Mortensen N C; Medeq As.
572. Cai, X., et al., Precipitable extruded feed for cultivation of grouper fish by preventing fatty liver, contains fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, refined flour, wheat gluten, mineral premix, vitamin premix, Spirulina, Silybum marianum and curcumin. Guangdong Shuanghu Fodder Co Ltd.
573. Bruna Floris, A. and R. Gavilan Lopez, Use of a composition comprising a Silybum marianum extract or an active ingredient from it, at a specific concentration by weight, for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of radiodermatitis. Madaus Sa.
574. Bravo, D., F. Gautier, and L. Mazuranok, Composition, useful to obtain food additive, animal feed or medicament for preventing digestive diseases, and reducing inflammation, comprises Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, Silybum marianum extracts and/or their active molecules. Axiss France Sas.
575. Bombardelli, E. and F. Corti, Composition, useful for treating cancer-related fatigue, comprises Panax ginseng C.A. mayer extract, Zingiber offlcinale extract, Echinacea angustifolia extract and Silybum marianum extract. Indena Spa; Bombardelli E; Corti F.
576. Bao, Y., Z. Lin, and L. He, Fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Chinese goldthread, Sargassum fusiforme, Silybum marianum,, southernwood, Magnolia officinalis, Purslane, Dandelion, Epimedium, radix isatidis and plantain. Zhejiang Wanli College.
577. Bao, L., Medicinal composition used for treating gallstone, comprises longhairy antenoron herb, linearstripe Rabdosia herb, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Silybum marianum, Thlaspi arvense, Swertia mileensis, Sedum lineare and radix curcumae. Bao L.
578. Bao, J., X. Zhang, and Q. Chan, Medicine composition for treating thyroiditis includes honeysuckle, rhizoma coptidis, tuckahoe, purslane, Silybum marianum, radix bupleuri, Eucommia ulmoides, parasitic loranthus, beautiful sweetgum fruit, and radix sophorae flavescentis. Univ Jinan.
579. Bagchi, G.D., et al., New, high seed and sylimarin yielding plant of Silybum marianum. Council Sci&Ind Res India.
580. Ardelean, A., et al., Pharmaceutical composition useful for preventing and treating liver disease, comprises oil isolated from Silybum marianum seed. Univ Debrecen; Univ Vest Vasile Goldis Din Arad; Debreceni Egyetem; Seboe G.
581. Silybum Marianum seed extract-used in treatment of liver disorders. Takematsu T.
582. Silybonol extraction from Silybum Marianum seeds-using solvents and column chromatography. Takemoto T.
583. Polyhydroxyphenylchromones-by solvent extn of non-defatted fruit of Silybum marianum. Inverni & Della Beffa Sp.
584. Polyhydroxyphenylchromone derivs-prepd. by extract of Silybum marianum Gwith aldehyde and ammonia. Inverni Della Beffa Spa.
585. Silimarine flavonoid extn. from Silybum marianum fruit-with ethyl acetate, concn., and PPTN with di:chloro-ethane or chloroform and petroleum ether addn. Biofarm Intr Med; Inst Control Stat Med.
586. Prepn. of Silybum marianum extract-with constant and high poly:hydroxy:phenyl:chromone content. Inverni Della Beffa Spa.
587. Extn. of silymarin anti:hepatotoxic agent-from fruits of Silybum Marianum using acetone and chloroform. Lampugnani Farm Spa.
588. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for e.g. treating chronic hepatitis, contains oriental wormwood, radix curcumae, tuckahoe, radix isatidis, radix astragali, caulis lonicerae, pseudoginseng, Gardenia and Silybum marianum. Qingdao Anxin Medical Instr Co Ltd.
589. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for treating hepatitis B with hepatic fibrosis, contains Silybum marianum, Sagina subulata, Paris polyphylla, rhizoma sparganii, kelp, Atractylodes macrocephala and concha arcae. Qingdao Chenda Biotechnology Co Ltd.
590. Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating hepatitis, involves weighing Silybum marianum, adding water to weighed material, then adding additive, uniformly mixing, granulating, drying, sieving and tableting. Zou B.
2. Zhang, M., et al., PRiME pass-through purification of lignans in Silybum marianum and UPLC - MS/MS analysis. Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2018. 1093: p. 128-133.
3. Younas, M., et al., Differential accumulation of silymarin induced by exposure of Silybum marianum L. callus cultures to several spectres of monochromatic lights. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology, 2018. 184: p. 61-70.
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9. Nazir, N., et al., Phytochemical analysis, molecular docking and antiamnesic effects of methanolic extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds in scopolamine induced memory impairment in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018. 210: p. 198-208.
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20. Ali, E.H., et al., Silibinin from Silybum marianum Stimulates Embryonic Stem Cell Vascular Differentiation via the STAT3/PI3-K/AKT Axis and Nitric Oxide. Planta Medica, 2018. 84(11): p. 768-778.
21. Zhu Shu, Y., et al., Antioxidant and Anti-aging Activities of &ITSilybum Marianum&IT Protein Hydrolysate in Mice Treated with D-galactose. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2017. 30(9): p. 623-631.
22. Zhauynbaeva, K.S., R.K. Rakhmanberdyeva, and B.A. Abdurakhmanov, Polysaccharides from Silybum marianum. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2017. 53(5): p. 820-822.
23. Yue, J., Z. Zhu, and X. Li, Antibacterial activity of protease hydrolysates isolated from Silybum marianum. Current Science, 2017. 113(3): p. 496-500.
24. Yaldiz, G., Effects of Potassium Sulfate K(2)So(4) on The Element Contents, Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of MilkThistle Silybum Marianum. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2017. 13(49): p. 102-107.
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27. Ranjbaran, H., et al., Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to insulin producing cells using the extracts of Allium ursinum and Silybum marianum. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2017. 27(153): p. 1-12.
28. Qin, N.-B., et al., Bioactive terpenoids from Silybum marianum and their suppression on NO release in LPS-induced BV-2 cells and interaction with iNOS. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2017. 27(10): p. 2161-2165.
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36. Lehoczky, E., et al., ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM L. GAERTN. ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2017. 15(4): p. 769-778.
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39. Karakus, A., Y. Deger, and S. Yildirim, Protective effect of Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts against oxidative kidney injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Renal Failure, 2017. 39(1): p. 1-6.
40. Gupta, A.K., et al., 'CIMAP SIL-9': a dwarf and high silymarin yielding variety of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2017. 39(1): p. 44-48.
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42. Giuseppe, D., et al., Effects of a Combination of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum and Monacolin on Lipid Profile in Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk; A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017. 18(2).
43. Ghosia, L., et al., Comparative studies on rabbit plasma lipid profile fed with Silybum marianum oil, sunflower oil and vegetable ghee. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017. 30(3): p. 875-879.
44. Fibigr, J., D. Satinsky, and P. Solich, A new approach to the rapid separation of isomeric compounds in a Silybum marianum extract using UHPLC core-shell column with F5 stationary phase. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2017. 134: p. 203-213.
45. Di Pierro, F., et al., Retrospective analysis of the effects of a highly standardized mixture of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum, and monacolins K and KA in patients with dyslipidemia. Clinical Pharmacology-Advances and Applications, 2017. 9: p. 1-7.
46. Bijak, M., Silybin, a Major Bioactive Component of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)-Chemistry, Bioavailability, and Metabolism. Molecules, 2017. 22(11).
47. Albassam, A.A., R.F. Frye, and J.S. Markowitz, The effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and its main flavonolignans on CYP2C8 enzyme activity in human liver microsomes. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2017. 271: p. 24-29.
48. Alaca, N., et al., Treatment with milk thistle extract (Silybum marianum), ursodeoxycholic acid, or their combination attenuates cholestatic liver injury in rats: Role of the hepatic stem cells. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 2017. 28(6): p. 476-484.
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50. Zholobenko, A., et al., Polyphenols from Silybum marianum inhibit in vitro the oxidant response of equine neutrophils and myeloperoxidase activity. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2016. 39(6): p. 592-601.
51. Zhang, Y., et al., Bioactive lignans from Silybum marianum. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2016. 41(9): p. 1654-1657.
52. Waqar, H., H.M. Khan, and A.A. Anjum, Antiepileptic potential of Silybum marianum seeds in pentylene-tetrazol-induced kindled mice. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2016. 11(3): p. 603-609.
53. Veloso Borges, F.F., et al., Antimutagenic, Antigenotoxic, and Anticytotoxic Activities of Silybum Marianum L. Gaertn Assessed by the Salmonella Mutagenicity Assay (Ames Test) and the Micronucleus Test in Mice Bone Marrow. Nutrition and Cancer-an International Journal, 2016. 68(5): p. 848-855.
54. Sayin, F.K., et al., Effects of Silybum marianum Extract on High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Disorders in Rats. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2016. 66(1): p. 43-49.
55. Sajadi, S.M., M. Nasrollahzadeh, and M. Maham, Aqueous extract from seeds of Silybum marianum L. as a green material for preparation of the Cu/Fe3O4 nanoparticles: A magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2016. 469: p. 93-98.
56. Rahimi, S. and T. Hasanloo, The effect of temperature and pH on biomass and bioactive compounds production in Silybum marianum hairy root cultures. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2016. 3(2): p. 53-59.
57. Nasrollahi, I., E. Talebi, and Z. Nemati, Study on Silybum marianum seed through fatty acids comparison, peroxide tests, refractive index and oil percentage. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2016. 8(6): p. 595-597.
58. Muselin, F., et al., The use of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) in Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2016. 49(1): p. 280-283.
59. Morovat, M., et al., Dietary but not in ovo feeding of Silybum marianum extract resulted in an improvement in performance, immunity and carcass characteristics and decreased the adverse effects of high temperatures in broilers. British Poultry Science, 2016. 57(1): p. 105-113.
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62. Liu, J., et al., Simultaneous analysis of seven active components in silymarin from fruits,peels,nutlets and commercial extracts of Silybum marianum by HPLC. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 2016. 33(1): p. 56-62.
63. Liu, H. and G. Yang, Optimization of flavonoids extraction from silybum marianum seeds and its antioxidant characters. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2016. 51(5): p. 148-153,160.
64. Huma, W., H.M. Khan, and A.A. Anjum, Antiepileptic potential of Silybum marianum seeds in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindled mice. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2016. 11(3): p. 603-609.
65. Hahn, H.J., et al., Instrumental evaluation of anti-aging effects of cosmetic formulations containing palmitoyl peptides, Silybum marianum seed oil, vitamin E and other functional ingredients on aged human skin. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2016. 12(2): p. 1171-1176.
66. Graf, T.N., et al., A validated UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of flavonolignans in milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2016. 126: p. 26-33.
67. Feher, P., et al., Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Treatment by Topical Formulations Containing Dissolved and Suspended Silybum marianum against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pig and on HaCaT Keratinocytes. Molecules, 2016. 21(10).
68. Derosa, G., A. D'Angelo, and P. Maffioli, The role of a fixed Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum combination in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clinical Nutrition, 2016. 35(5): p. 1091-1095.
69. Csupor, D., A. Csorba, and J. Hohmann, Recent advances in the analysis of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2016. 130: p. 301-317.
70. Cheilari, A., et al., Head-to-Head Comparison of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection versus Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Quantitative Analysis of the Silymarin Complex in Silybum marianum Fruit Extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016. 64(7): p. 1618-1626.
71. Biedermann, D., et al., Silymarin from Silybum marianum - new approaches to separation and derivatization. Planta Medica, 2016. 82.
72. AbouZid, S.F., et al., Silybum marianum pericarp yields enhanced silymarin products. Fitoterapia, 2016. 112: p. 136-143.
73. Wianowska, D. and M. Wisniewski, Simplified Procedure of Silymarin Extraction from Silybum marianum L. Gaertner. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2015. 53(2): p. 366-372.
74. Villiger, A., et al., In vitro inhibitory potential of Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, and Peumus boldus on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. Phytomedicine, 2015. 22(1): p. 138-144.
75. Vagabova, F.A., et al., Chemical composition of SK of CO2-Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn. aerial part extract from natural population of flora of Dagestan. Voprosy biologicheskoi, meditsinskoi i farmatsevticheskoi khimii, 2015(9): p. 35-38.
76. Soliman, N.A. and S.A. El-Dardiry, Taraxacum officinale and Silybum marianum alone or combined orchestrate experimentally induced hepatic steatosis through lipogenecity, glucose tolerance and oxidant/antioxidant status. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2015. 9(4): p. 1918-1928.
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329. Hammouda, F.M., et al., EVALUATION OF THE SILYMARIN CONTENT IN SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS. Phytotherapy Research, 1993. 7(1): p. 90-91.
330. Sonnenbichler, J. and I. Zetl, Biochemistry of a liver drug from th thistle Silybum marianum. Planta Medica, 1992. 58(7 SUPPL. 1): p. A580-A580.
331. Bosisio, E., C. Benelli, and O. Pirola, EFFECT OF THE FLAVANOLIGNANS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L ON LIPID-PEROXIDATION IN RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES AND FRESHLY ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES. Pharmacological Research, 1992. 25(2): p. 147-154.
332. Rumiantseva, Z.N., The pharmacodynamics of hepatic protectors from the lady's-thistle (Silybum marianum). Vrachebnoe delo, 1991(5): p. 15-9.
333. Gutorska, A. and A. Minorska, SILYBUM-MARIANUM AS AN OILY RAW MATERIAL ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF OIL REFINING PROCESS. Fett Wissenschaft Technologie, 1991. 93(12): p. 474-474.
334. Chiavari, G., et al., SILYMARIN CONTENT OF DIFFERENT SILYBUM-MARIANUM L. GAERTN. CULTIVARS. Herba Hungarica, 1991. 30(1-2): p. 23-34.
335. Pandey, G.P. and D.N. Shrivastava, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM AND WEDELIA-CALENDULACEA. Indian Veterinary Journal, 1990. 67(8): p. 773-776.
336. Rankov, D., S. Panayotova, and A. Bizhev, COMPOSITION AND POSSIBILITY OF UTILIZATION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L SEED OIL. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1988. 140-144.
337. Mericli, A.H., FLAVONOLIGNANS KAEMPFEROL 3-SULFATE AND OTHER FLAVONOIDS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM-SSP-ANATOLICUM. Planta Medica, 1988. 54(1): p. 44-45.
338. Mericli, A.H., FLAVONOLIGNANS, KAEMPFEROL 3-SULFATE AND OTHER FLAVONOIDS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM SUBSP ANATOLICUM. Planta Medica, 1988(1): p. 44-45.
339. Bonne, C. and D. Sincholle, COSMETIC PREPARATIONS USEFUL FOR OPPOSING SKIN AGING CONTAINING AN EXTRACT OF THE FRUITS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM US PATENT-4749573. JUNE 7 1988. 1988. p. 313-313.
340. Yanishlieva, N., E. Marinova, and D. Rankov, ON THE ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLES. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1987. 12-15.
341. Tomov, E., et al., INVESTIGATION OF THE SILYMARIN CONTENT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM SEEDS BY MEANS OF HPLC. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1987. 534-538.
342. Skakun, N.P., I.P. Moseichuk, and N.Y. Stepanova, COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID PREPARATIONS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Farmatsiya (Moscow), 1987. 36(6): p. 13-17.
343. Guinea Lopez, M.C. and A. Pizarro Sanz, ENZYMATIC STUDY IN CELL CULTURES OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM GAERTN. I. INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE CULTURE MEDIUM AND THE GROWTH MOMENT ON THE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY. Anales de la Real Academia de Farmacia, 1987. 53(4): p. 609-613.
344. Adzet, T., et al., SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM .1. CHARACTERIZATION OF POPULATIONS FROM DIFFERENT ORIGINS. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 1987. 25(2): p. 129-135.
345. Kozlowski, J. and M. Holynska, EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON THE CROP YIELD OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM FRUIT AND ON THE CONTENT AND YIELD OF SILYMARIN. Herba Polonica, 1986. 31(1-2): p. 51-60.
346. Hassan, N.M., et al., ISOLATION OF SILYMARIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM GROWING IN EGYPT. Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1985. 34(SUPPL): p. 107-107.
347. Abdullaev, R.A., D.Y. Guseinov, and M. Mirzoev Kh, THE EFFECT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM PREPARATION ON SUGAR CONTENT IN BLOOD. Azerbaidzhanskii Meditsinskii Zhurnal, 1985(5): p. 7-10.
348. Szilajtis-Obieglo, R. and K. Kowalewska, A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FLAVONE LIGNANS AND SILYBIN IN CRUDE DRUG AND ITS PREPARATIONS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Herba Polonica, 1984. 30(1): p. 27-34.
349. Hikino, H., et al., LIVER-PROTECTIVE DRUGS .16. ANTIHEPATOTOXIC ACTIONS OF FLAVONOLIGNANS FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM FRUITS. Planta Medica, 1984. 50(3): p. 248-250.
350. Vanhaelen, M. and R. Vanhaelenfastre, QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN MEDICINAL PLANT CRUDE EXTRACTS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY-DENSITOMETRY .1. AESCULUS-HIPPOCASTANEUM L, ARCTOSTAPHYLLOS-UVA-URSI SPRENG, FRAXINUS-EXCELSIOR L, GENTIANA-LUTEA L, GLYCYRRHIZA-GLABRA L, HAMAMELIS-VIRGINIANA L, HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM L, OLEA-EUROPEA L, SALIX-ALBA L AND SILYBUM-MARIANUM GAERTNEN. Journal of Chromatography, 1983. 281(DEC): p. 263-271.
351. Mericli, A.H., SILYBUM-MARIANUM IN TURKEY. Istanbul Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Mecmuasi, 1983. 19: p. 57-64.
352. Melnikova, T.M., MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SILUBUM-MARIANUM L SEEDS AS SOWING MATERIAL. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 1983. 17(8): p. 958-963.
353. Hamid, S., et al., EXPERIMENTAL CULTIVATION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ITS OIL. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1983. 26(4): p. 244-246.
354. Cappelletti, E.M. and R. Caniato, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD ITALIAN POPULATIONS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie, 1983. 17(4): p. 209-214.
355. Vomel, A. and U. Mautner, THE UTILIZATION OF PROMETRYN AND DESMETRYN ON THYMUS-VULGARIS, SALVIA-OFFICINALIS, AND SILYBUM-MARIANUM AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD AND COMPOSITION. Planta Medica, 1982. 45(3): p. 143-144.
356. Singh, J.P., B.K. Kapahi, and Y.K. Sarin, ECOLOGY OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM A MEDICINAL PLANT. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 1982. 3(2): p. 665-668.
357. Halim, A.F., S.I. Balbaa, and A.T. Khalil, PHENOLICS AND OTHER CONSTITUENTS FROM ECLIPTA-ALBA. Planta Medica, 1982. 45(3): p. 163-163.
358. Abdelsalam, N.A., M.A.A. Salam, and M.A. Elsayed, DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN RICINUS COMMUNIS-L AND SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN USING TLC-DIFFERENTIAL KINETIC METHOD. Pharmazie, 1982. 37(1): p. 74-74.
359. Szilagi, I., et al., STRUCTURE OF SILANDRIN AND SILYMONIN, 2 NEW FLAVONOLIGNANS FROM A WHITE BLOOMING SILYBUM MARIANUM VARIETY. Planta Medica, 1981. 43(2): p. 121-127.
360. Varma, P.N., S.K. Talwar, and G.P. Garg, CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Planta Medica, 1980. 38(4): p. 377-383.
361. Quercia, V., et al., IDENTIFICATION AND ASSAY BY HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE FLAVONOID COMPONENTS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM IN MEDICINAL SPECIALTIES. Fitoterapia, 1980. 51(2): p. 83-88.
362. De Martiis, M., et al., Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) derivatives in the therapy of chronic hepatopathies. La Clinica terapeutica, 1980. 94(3): p. 283-315.
363. Bondarenko, L.T., A.A. Kiryanov, and M.E. Perelson, CHROMATOSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF SILYBIN IN SILYBUM MARIANUM FRUIT. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 1980. 14(4): p. 57-60.
364. Schriewer, H. and F. Weinhold, INFLUENCE OF SILYBIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN ON INVITRO PHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN RAT LIVERS. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1979. 29-1(5): p. 791-792.
365. Tittel, G. and H. Wagner, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SILYMARIN .2. QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF SILYMARIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY. Journal of Chromatography, 1978. 153(1): p. 227-232.
366. Tittel, G. and H. Wagner, HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SILYMARINS AND THEIR DETERMINATION IN CRUDE EXTRACT OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM-GAERTN. Journal of Chromatography, 1977. 135(2): p. 499-501.
367. Schriewer, H., G. Rutkowski, and K.J. Borgis, INFLUENCE OF SILYBIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN ON ACETATE METABOLISM IN RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1977. 358(10): p. 1277-1278.
368. Schrall, R. and H. Becker, TISSUE AND SUSPENSION CULTURES OF SILYBUM MARIANUM .2. FORMATION OF FLAVONOLIGNANS BY FEEDING SUSPENSION CULTURES WITH FLAVONOIDS AND CONIFERYL ALCOHOL. Planta Medica, 1977. 32(1): p. 27-32.
369. Greimel, A. and H. Koch, PEROXIDASE ISOENZYMES IN SILYBUM MARIANUM. Planta Medica, 1977. 32(4): p. 323-330.
370. Becker, H. and R. Schrall, TISSUE AND SUSPENSION CULTURES OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM .2. COMMUNICATION - ISOLATION AND GROWTH OF TISSUE AND SUSPENSION CULTURES AND STUDIES ON FLAVONOIDS. Planta Medica, 1977. 31(2): p. 185-192.
371. Sonnenbichler, J., J. Mattersberger, and H. Rosen, STIMULATION OF RNA-SYNTHESIS IN RAT-LIVER AND IN ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES BY SILYBIN, AN ANTI-HEPATOTOXIC AGENT FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1976. 357(8): p. 1171-1180.
372. Schriewer, H., U. Kramer, and H.M. Rauen, MODULATION OF NEW SYNTHESIS OF FATTY-ACIDS IN RAT-LIVER BY SILYBIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1976. 357(3): p. 280-280.
373. Vogel, G., et al., STUDIES ON PHARMACODYNAMICS, SITE AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SILYMARIN, ANTI-HEPATOTOXIC PRINCIPLE FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1975. 25(2): p. 179-188.
374. Takemoto, T., S. Ikegawa, and K. Nomoto, STUDIES ON CONSTITUENTS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM (L) GAERTN .1. NEW FLAVONOLIGNANS NAMED 2,3-DEHYDROSILYMARIN AND 2,3-DEHYDROSILYCHRISTIN. Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1975. 95(8): p. 1017-1021.
375. Schrempf, H., PLASMIDS IN STREPTOMYCETES. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1975. 356(3): p. 276-276.
376. Wagner, H., P. Diesel, and M. Seitz, CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS OF SILYMARIN FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM GAERTN. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, 1974. 24(4): p. 466-471.
377. Vogel, G. and W. Trost, NEUTRALIZATION OF LETHAL EFFECTS OF PHALLOIDINE AND ALPHA-AMANITINE IN ANIMAL-EXPERIMENTS BY SUBSTANCES FROM SEEDS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 1974. 282: p. R102-R102.
378. Vogel, G. and W. Trost, Proceedings: Neutralization of the lethal effects of phalloidine and alpha-amanitine in animal experiments by substances from the seeds of Silybum marianum l. gaertn. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1974. 282(Suppl): p. suppl 282:R102-suppl 282:R102.
379. Sharma, B.M. and P. Singh, PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF SEEDS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Plant Science (Lucknow), 1974. 6: p. 34-37.
380. Holzl, J., BIOSYNTHESIS AND C-14 LABELING OF FLAVONOLIGNANS (SILYMARIN) BY SILYBUM-MARIANUM (HALLER). Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1974. C 29(1-2): p. 82-83.
381. Desplaces, A., et al., HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON TREATMENT OF LIVER-DAMAGE BY PHALLOIDINE WITH SILYMARIN - ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF SEED OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM L GAERTN. Digestion, 1974. 10(4-5): p. 343-344.
382. Bandopad.M, T.R. Seshadri, and N.P. Pardeshi, COMPONENTS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 1972. 10(8): p. 808-&.
383. Wagner, H., et al., ON THE STRUCTURE OF SILYCHRISTIN A 2ND SILYMARIN ISOMER FROM SILYBUM-MARIANUM-D. Tetrahedron Letters, 1971. 22: p. 1895-1899.
384. Halbach, G. and K. Gorler, SEPARATION OF FLAVONOID COMPONENTS CONTAINED IN FRUITS OF SILYBUM-MARIANUM. Planta Medica, 1971. 19(4): p. 243-&.
385. Halbach, G. and K. Goerler, ON THE SEPARATION OF FLAVONOID CONTENTS IN THE FRUITS OF THE MILK THISTLE-D SILYBUM-MARIANUM-D. Planta Medica, 1971. 19(4): p. 293-298.
386. Schulte, K.E., G. Rucker, and H. Stigler, POLYACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS AS CONSTITUENTS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM GAERTN. Archiv Der Pharmazie Und Berichte Der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesselschaft, 1970. 303(1): p. 7-&.
387. Wagner, H., et al., CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIHEPATOTOXIC PRINCIPLE OF FRUITS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM. Lloydia, 1968. 31(4): p. 428-+.
388. Wagner, H., L. Horhammer, and M. Seitz, CHEMICAL VALUE DETERMINATION OF A FLAVONOID CONCENTRATE FROM SILYBUM MARIANUM(L) GAERTN CONTAINING SILYMARIN. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(6): p. 696-+.
389. Wagner, H., L. Horhammer, and R. Munster, CHEMISTRY OF SILYMARIN (SILYBIN) ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF FRUITS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN (CARDUUS MARIANUS L). Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(6): p. 688-+.
390. Vogel, G., SILYMARIN ANTIHEPATOTOXIC PRINCIPLE OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN AS AN ANTAGONIST OF PHALLOIDIN EFFECT. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(8): p. 1063-&.
391. Hahn, G., et al., PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF SILYMARIN ANTIHEPATOTOXIC AGENT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968. 18(6): p. 698-&.
392. Wagner, H. and R. Munster, STRUCTURE OF SILYBIN A NEW FLAVANANOL SUBSTANCE FROM FRUITS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM. Lloydia, 1967. 30(3): p. 287-&.
393. Kathein, R., N. Nagel, and D. Krumholz, Nitrate poisoning in cattle through Silybum marianum. Refuah Veterinarith, 1956. 13(1): p. 4-6.
394. Kendrick, J.W., J. Tucker, and S.A. Peoples, Nitrate poisoning in cattle due to ingestion of variegated thistle, Silybum marianum. Jour Amer Vet Med Assoc, 1955. 126((934)): p. 53-56.
395. Madden, F.J., Smashes in sheep and cattle from plant poisoning. Silybum marianum, Cynodon incompletus, Phyllanthus lacunarius and Sorghum halepense. Yearb. Inst. Insp. Stk., N. S. W., 1950. 1950. 51-54.
396. Zou, W., et al., Multifunctional anti-wrinkle skin care composition useful for reducing wrinkles and protecting skin aging caused by oxidation, comprises humectant, Silybum marianum fruit extract, thickening agent, chelating agent and emulsifying agent. Guangzhou Zhiyuan Biotechnology Co Ltd.
397. Zhu, Y., Traditional Chinese medicinal healthcare composition used for e.g. treating hepatic qi depression-type hemifacial spasm includes Silybum marianum, dutchmanspipe root, Perilla stem, fructus liquidambaris, Sambucus chinensis, and flos mume. Zhu Y.
398. Zhou, Y., X. Zhou, and C. Liang, Extraction of silymarin involves weighing Silybum marianum seed and then washing, drying washed seed and crushing, sieving and then extracting, freezing extract and then centrifuging, removing impurities and then washing and drying. Jiangsu Jianjia Pharm Ind Co Ltd.
399. Zhou, Y., X. Zhou, and C. Liang, Extracting silybin involves cleaning silybum shell to be extracting and draining water, drying by microwave, adding ethyl acetate to dissolve silybum marianum shell, extracting general flavone, vacuum collection, and adding ethyl acetate. Jiangsu Jianjia Pharm Ind Co Ltd.
400. Zhao, Z., Traditional Chinese medicine for treating stroke sequelae, comprises ginger, red bean, Laminaria japonica root, Begonia, bark of tree peony root, Silybum marianum, Cassia seed and fructus forsythiae. Zhao Z.
401. Zhao, Y., et al., Extracting silymarin comprises e.g. soaking Silybum marianum seeds in ethanol, removing seeds from ethanol, combining shelling machine, and shelling seeds, adding ethanol and diluent into pan-dip extractor, extracting and concentrating. Inner Mongolia Changhui Biotechnology Co.
402. Zhang, X., Chewable tablet useful for detoxifying and reducing swelling, comprises e.g. Turpinia, radish seed, Silybum marianum, madder, Gibberella, garden balsam stem, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Lysimachia auriculata and auxiliary material. Heilongjiang Zhicheng Medical Sci & Tech.
403. Zhang, T. and W. Chen, Liquor useful for e.g. protecting liver, relieving alcoholism, nourishing liver and reducing cholesterol, comprises marigold, Silybum marianum, artichoke, kudzuvine flower, Pueraria lobata, parsley, grains, distillers yeast and water. Puan Yinghong Liquor Factory.
404. Zhang, S., et al., Extraction of Silybum marianum protein involves taking Silybum marianum seed kernel, degreasing, crushing, mixing with distilled water, carrying out enzymatic pretreatment, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, freezing and vacuum drying. Univ Jiangsu.
405. Zhang, P., Method for fermenting Silybum marianum using edible fungi, involves adding crushed Silybum marianum fruits, medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicines in culture medium with Antrodia camphorata to obtain strains of edible fungi. Zhang P.
406. Zhang, J., Extraction of flavone by cleaning Ginkgo leaf or Silybum marianum seed, drying, crushing, subjecting to carbon dioxide extraction using an ethanol, recycling ethanol, filtering using film filter, and spray drying. Xian Terra Biochem Co Ltd.
407. Zhang, C., et al., Extraction of silymarin includes soaking Silybum marianum in ethyl acetate, shelling seeds, adding ethyl acetate and diluent, performing gradient extraction, concentrating primary extract, mixing, standing, drying, crushing and sieving. Inner Mongolia Changhui Biotechnology Co.
408. Zeng, X. and Z. Zeng, Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine vinegar beverage used for treating hyperlipidemia by soaking and extracting ginseng, radix polygoni multiflori, rhizoma drynariae, fructus schizandrae and Silybum marianum, and mixing with vinegar. Zeng Z.
409. Yuan, N., Composition useful for preventing and curing diabetes, prepared by taking Silybum marianum and Stephania sinica, adding ethanol, reflux extracting, filtering, combining filtrates, vacuum recycling ethanol, and vacuum concentrating. Ningbo Huxin Drug Technology Co Ltd.
410. Yuan, N., Medicine composition used for treating diabetes mellitus, reducing blood glucose and glycolated hemoglobin comprises Silybum marianum and Pueraria. Ningbo Huxin Drug Technology Co Ltd.
411. Yu, D., Emulsion with long-lasting moisturizing function used for moisturizing and whitening normal skin contains lactic acid, night primrose oil, sandalwood oil, trehalose, turmeric root extract, Silybum marianum extract, corn oil and menthol. Yu D.
412. Yang, N., et al., Polysulfone hemodialysis for oxidation resistance of flat membrane involves mixing of silybum marianum blended with polysulfone before adding pore-forming agent and solvent to prepare casting solution. Univ Tianjin Polytechnic.
413. Yang, C. and J. Zhang, Extracting silymarin from Silybum marianum, by processing Silybum marianum seeds, adding ethyl alcohol and enzyme composition, extracting mixture, filtering extract, performing elution, concentrating eluate, and drying concentrate. Nanjing Biaoke Biological Technology Co.
414. Yang, C., Anti-allergic eye cream contains snake venom protein peptide, snail mucus extract, human oligopeptide, hydrolyzed collagen protein, tallow tree fruit, vitamin E, Silybum marianum extract, sodium hyaluronate and alkyl glycoside. Qingdao Aipaike Biotechnology Co Ltd.
415. Xu, Y., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for e.g. treating diabetes, contains Astragalus, rhizoma polygonati, Arenaria, Meconopsis, Cordyceps sinensis, rhizoma picrorrhizae, Silybum marianum, peach gum, folium eucalypti, and snow lotus. Shangri-La Diabetes Res Inst.
416. Xu, N., Nutritional powder useful for nourishing liver comprises e.g. milk powder, Silybum marianum, Ganoderma lucidum, glossy privet fruit, Salvia miltiorrhiza, lily, pseudoginseng, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, red jujube and medlar. Xu N.
417. Xu, B., J. Dai, and J. Wu, High-purity silibinin, prepared by adding acetic ether to Silybum marianum shell to dissolve, extracting general flavone and vacuumizing, and dissolving, extracting, filtering and drying general flavone to obtain high-purity silibinin. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
418. Xie, L. and W. Zhou, Preparing traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for clearing heat, promoting diuresis and treating jaundice involves involves using Silybum marianum and Swertia used for preparing total flavonoids. Jiangxi Xinzheng Pharm Co Ltd.
419. Xiao, L., et al., Tea useful for protecting gallbladder comprises artichoke, Silybum marianum, turmeric, stringy stonecrop, giant knotweed, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ganoderma lucidum, vitamin B, vitamin E and stevioside. Aikedao Biotechnology Co Ltd.
420. Wu, Z., Extracting silymarin using food grade ethanol involves removing fat oil from dried Silybum marianum seed by mechanical pressing, crushing obtained mixture, introducing into multifunctional extraction tank and adding food grade ethanol. Wu Z.
421. Wu, Z., Extraction of silymarin by drying Silybum marianum seed, pressing off fat oil, crushing rice bran, adding into multifunctional extracting tank, adding ethyl acetate, extracting, adding into evaporation tank, and adding with solvent. Wu Z.
422. Wu, S., et al., Preparation of silybin-phospholipid complex includes taking Silybum marianum extract and phospholipids, dissolving in ethanol, sonicating Silybum marianum extract and phospholipid solutions, mixing solutions, sonicating and evaporating. Jiangsu Jianjia Pharm Ind Co Ltd.
423. Wu, S., Pale eye cream useful for nourishing eye muscle and reducing fine lines, comprises hydrolyzed collagen protein, vitamin E, Silybum marianum fruit extract, sodium hyaluronate, glycerol, pearl powder, panthenol, cetyl alcohol and almond. Wu S.
424. Wu, J., C. Wu, and T. Fu, Extracting and purifying unsaturated fatty acid from Silybum marianum oil comprises e.g. adding urea into the solvent, heating, dissolving, reducing temperature, adding antioxidant and adding Silybum marianum oil and stirring. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
425. Wu, J., W. Huang, and Y. Wei, Improving Silybum marianum shell active component dissolution, comprises e.g. stirring Silybum marianum shell with water, moistening, allowing Silybum marianum shell to fully absorb water and passing into spiral rolling separation device. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
426. Wu, J., W. Huang, and Y. Wei, Silybum marianum oil composition used for preparing medicament for reducing aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, comprises oleic acid and linoleic acid. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
427. Wu, J., T. Fu, and C. Wu, Degreasing and dehydrating Silybum marianum seed protein meal by mixing Silybum marianum seed kernel and anhydrous ethanol, placing in clean plastic bag, wetting, pressing, microwave-vacuum drying, sterilizing, crushing and sieving. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
428. Wu, C., J. Wu, and T. Fu, Silybum marianum seed protein extracting method via wet ultramicro pulverization involves taking Silybum marianum seed kernel oil, adding petroleum ether, extracting, filtering, drying, crushing, adding water, and adjusting pH value. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
429. Weber, A. and V. Kloubert, Cosmetic product, useful for the prevention of skin aging and wrinkles, comprises carnosine, tocopherol, an extract from a fruit of Silybum marianum, and an extract from seeds of Glycine soja. Babor Gmbh&Co Kg.
430. Wang, Z., Extraction of silymarin under nitrogen protection involves screening Silybum marianum seeds, grinding, adding acetone, extracting, concentrating, heating, vacuum sealing, vacuum drying and packaging. Wang Z.
431. Wang, Y., Healthcare food useful for reducing blood fat, comprises e.g. evening primrose oil, fish oil, garlic, Eucommia ulmoides seed oil, olive oil, glass borage oil, samara oil, rice oil, tea seed oil, Silybum marianum seed oil and sesame oil. Weihai Nanbowan Biological Technology Co.
432. Wang, P., Selenium-enriched anti-radiation shampoo contains jojoba oil, fumaric acid, Silybum marianum, sodium selenite, radix astragali, resveratrol, fermented selenium emulsion, Aloe, polydimethylsiloxane and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Anqing Huiyun Boguan Cosmetics Technolog.
433. Wang, L. and J. Xu, Chinese medicine useful for treating cerebral hemorrhage, comprises Silybum marianum, Dalbergia odorifera, stone chlorophytum, Begonia fimbristipula, Pericarpium trichosanthis, Vitex leaf, Chimonanthus praecox and Morus alba. Qingdao Changanda Pharm Co Ltd.
434. Wang, L., Hot pot soup useful for activating blood and relieving pain, comprises Daphne flower, Rhodiola, Anaphalis lactea, garden burnet, Wedelia chinensis, puffball, Silybum marianum, shutter leaf, caulis tinosporae and seasoning powder. Harbin Lcwd Food Dev Co Ltd.
435. Wang, K. and S. Yang, Medicinal composition used for treating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, comprises radix scrophulariae, hairyvein agrimony, Silybum marianum, cogon grass rhizome, Schisandra berry, Angelica, toad oil and licorice. Wang K.
436. Wang, J. and J. Hu, Cooperative medicinal compositions comprising Silybum marianum. Jiang Z.
437. Wang, J., et al., Preparing silymarin, comprises e.g. crushing Silybum marianum medicinal material, removing oil, extracting Silybum marianum medicinal dreg cake by adding ethyl acetate solvent, concentrating silymarin extract, and centrifugally separating. Ningbo Liwah Plant Extract Technology Co.
438. Wang, F. and J. Ye, Traditional Chinese medical composition used for treating obesity fatty liver, comprises rhizoma sparganii, Curcuma zedoaria, hawthorn, Polygonum multiflorum, rhizoma alismatis, Silybum marianum, fruit of Chinese wolfberry, and licorice. Wang F; Ye J.
439. Wang, C., et al., Extraction of silymarin from Silybum marianum by adding adsorbent and organic solvent to crushed Silybum marianum, extracting, carrying out column chromatography, crystallizing, and re-crystallizing. Sanyuan Runhe Plant Chem Co Ltd.
440. Wang, C., C. Pi, and G. Liu, Composition useful for e.g. supplementing iron, contains porphyrin, xylo-oligosaccharide, chitosan, Salvia miltiorrhiza extract, Astragalus extract, licorice extract, Silybum marianum extract and sodium butyrate. Guangzhou Healthcore Bio-Tech Co Ltd.
441. Wan, L., D. Yao, and Y. Zhang, Purification of silymarin comprises drying Silybum marianum seed, soaking, adding cellulase and hemicellulase, carrying-out heat preservation enzymolysis, separating protein, adding phosphoric acid, eluting resin, decompressing and drying. Daxinganling Lingonberry Organic Foodstu.
442. Wan, J., L. Wu, and S. Qin, Traditional Chinese medicine composition useful for reducing blood fat comprises e.g. pseudoginseng, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, Ginkgo leaf, cassia seed, root of kudzu vine, Silybum marianum, radix astragali, and Bletilla striata. Sichuan Lvhe Pharm Co Ltd.
443. Tolnai, P., Acute and chronic liver complaints are alleviated - by a therapeutic compound, containing vitamins, trace elements plus silymarin (an extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum. Tolnai P.
444. Tarpo, E., et al., Silimarine prepn. from silybum marianum fruit-de-ballasting fruit with extn. benzene at reflux and extracting at reflux with acetone. Intr Medicamente Biofarm; Inst Control Stat Med.
445. Svehllk, Z. and M. Buchta, Feed supplement, useful for e.g. direct feeding of animals/integration into the feeding batch, comprises whole and/or treated fruits of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and crushed, milled and/or pressed parts of additional plant species. Irel Spol Sro.
446. Svehlik, Z. and P. Svehlik, Residue cold mechanical extraction technique for farm produce removes fat from the crop. Irel Spol Sro.
447. Suschnik, M., Lipophobic substances e.g. silymarin isolation-from plant material e.g. silybum marianum by solvent extn. Suschnik M.
448. Sun, Y., et al., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for removing phlegm and treating tinnitus cerebri comprises Elaeagnus oldhamii, tulip, Gardenia, sea buckthorn, Silybum marianum, blue kohlrabi leaf and saffron. Sun Y.
449. Sun, X., Pharmaceutical composition useful for e.g. treating infantile diarrhea, contains fimbriae orostachys, Silybum marianum, Hirudo, Euodia fruit, rhizoma homalomenae, tortoise plastron, milkvetch seed, red pine and pericarpium trichosanthis. Diao Y.
450. Sun, S., Traditional Chinese medicine used for e.g. treating hepatocirrhosis ascites includes Hedyotis diffusa, Alectoria, Vicia unijuga, Silybum marianum, wormwood, Scutellaria, Ficus hirta, aweto, Wrightia, Physalis minima and glutinous rice. Sun S.
451. Sun, M., Spirulina rice product useful for clearing heat and reducing heat stroke, contains Spirulina phycocyanin protein liquid, Gerbera, herba eupatorii, Silybum marianum, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Salix leaves and Ardisia maclurei. Harbin Huazao Biotechnology Dev Co Ltd.
452. Sun, L., Traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for treating liver and gallbladder damp-heat type pancreatitis, contains corn flower, Silybum marianum, Citrus aurantium, Wikstroemia dolichantha, Pandanus tectorius, and fake lily. Yantai Ruizhi Biomedical Technology Co.
453. Sun, K. and Q. Wu, Medicine useful e.g. for treating chronic cholecystitis comprises e.g. Halenia elliptica D. don, false Chinese swertia herb, radix curcumae, Lonchura striata domestica, India trumpetflower, Silybum marianum and Rabdosia lophanthide. Wu Qiang.
454. Su, Y., Chinese medicinal feed additive useful in e.g. aquaculture breeding feed, comprises turmeric, radix astragali, Silybum marianum, garlic, ginger, Houttuynia cordata, spirulina, jujube and hawthorn. Beijiamei Tianjin Biotechnology Dev Co.
455. Song, Y., Q. Ping, and Y. Xiao, Precursor liposome preparation containing silybum marianum extract and its preparing process. Univ China Pharmacy; Univ China Pharm.
456. Song, M., Silybum marianum seed oil and rape seed blend oil comprises omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, omega-9 fatty acid, vitamin E and microelement. Yanbian Yuanshan Grease Technology Co Ltd.
457. Song, C., Antiallergic eye cream includes snake venom protein peptide, snail mucus extract, human oligopeptide, hydrolyzed collagen, tallow tree fruit, vitamin E, Silybum marianum fruit extract, sodium hyaluronate and alkyl polyglucoside. Song C.
458. Snyehola, T. and J. Kuti, Use of synergic mixture of herbs including Lepidium meyenii, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Galega officinalis, Silybum marianum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Coriandrum sativum as stimulant food additive to support female body and hormone system. Snyehola T; Kuti J.
459. Shi, H., Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for reducing blood fat and protecting liver comprises Lotus leaf, radix scutellariae, Rhaponticum uniflorum, and Silybum marianum oil. Shi H.
460. Saurat, J.H., et al., Use of extract of akene of Silybum marianum comprising silymarin for treating acne, seborrhea, rosacea and/or seborrheic dermatitis. Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique Pierre.
461. Sato, O., Medicinal material for preventing impaired liver function, obtained by mixing extract of Panax notoginseng, turmeric, rhizoma polygonati, licorice and Silybum marianum. Firmex Japan Kk.
462. Saito, M., et al., Composition useful in foodstuffs, contains dried powder and/or extract of Silybum marianum, soybean, safflower, Trifolium pratense, taraxacum, garlic or Althaea officinalis, blended with Psyllium, sea tangle or apple pectin. Kanebo Foods Ltd.
463. Pola, P., Food or dietary supplement useful in protection of liver function against exogenous and endogenous hepatotoxic agents comprises L-carnitine and an extract of Silybum marianum. Sigma-Tau Healthscience Spa; Sigma-Tau Ind Farm Riunite Spa; Pola P.
464. Peng, Y., et al., Traditional Chinese medicinal extract useful for inhibiting photoaging of skin, prepared by adding distilled water to e.g. Silybum marianum, Aloe, and radix polygonati officinalis, and extracting and freezing and drying product. Zhang Y.
465. Peng, B., X. Yang, and G. Zhang, Making silymarin to treat hepatitis by after activating lyophilized powder of Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma koningii, inoculating to Silybum marianum degreasing seed cake powder, preserving heat, fermenting, extracting, adding methanol. Jiamusi Sanjiang Silymarin Prod Co Ltd.
466. Paufique, J., Use of an active ingredient obtained from Silybum marianum in a cosmetic composition that is useful for slimming effect and/or as anti-cellulites and for reducing fat storage by activating lipolysis. Silab Soc Ind Limousine Appl Biologique; Soc Ind Limousine Appl Biologique Sa.
467. Parachur, V.A., et al., Herbal anti-age related macular disease composition used to treat age related macular diseases, diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion, comprises herbal extract e.g. Cinnamomum verum, Silybum marianum and Punica granatum. Parachur V a; Parachur V.
468. Okamoto, M. and S. Kitanaka, Health food for preventing and treating liver function and malaise, contains extract or dried product obtained from Silybum marianum, turmeric, Panax notoginseng, licorice, Salviae miltiorhizae radix and Cassia obtusifolia. Os Kogyo Kk.
469. O, Y.R., Food supplement composition useful for treating patients with fatty liver problem, comprises milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and lagundi (Vitex negundo). O Y R.
470. Nomoto, K., T. Sakagami, and T. Kimitsuki, Agent composition used for improving reproduction ability of calved cow contains Andrographis-paniculata extract, chicory root powder, Eclipta-prostrata extract, Silybum marianum extract, Phyllanthus-niruri extract and soy bean oil. Kokin Kagaku Kk.
471. Myhill, P.R. and W.J. Driscoll, Composition useful for reducing the undesirable side-effects of free radicals in a subject comprises Bacopa monniera extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera powder, Camellia sinensis extract and Curcuma longa extract. Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
472. Myhill, P.R. and W.J. Driscoll, Composition, useful for preventing or treating e.g. aging, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, comprises Bacopa monnieri extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera extract, Camellia sinensis extract, and/or Curcuma longa extract. Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
473. Morimoto, Y., et al., Aromatase inhibitor useful for preventing and treating sex hormone dependent diseases e.g. breast cancer of post menopausal woman, comprises herbal extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis, prunella spike, Silybum marianum, or Areca catechu. Kracie Pharm Kk.
474. Mo, Y., et al., Medicinal composition used for treating breast hyperplasia, contains Carpesium divaricatum, Silybum marianum, pepper, Akebia quinata, radix bupleuri, radix curcumae, spina gleditsiae, pangolin, turtle shell and root of common peony. Univ Hubei Nationalities.
475. Meng, F., Milk thistle Silybum marianum long effect preparation and its preparation method. Meng F.
476. Marini, J.L., Cosmetic composition useful for treating e.g., dermatitis, eczema, dry skin, acne, sunburn, inflammation comprises extract of Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum or Withania somnifera and a vehicle. Marini J L; Marini Skin Res Inc Jan.
477. Mao, L., Liganning tablet and preparing method, involves diluting Chinese medicinal material silybum marianum and swertia according to optimum mixing. Huang R.
478. Madaus, R., et al., Silymarin isolation from Silybum marianum oil expression residue-by extn. with ethyl acetate, defatting with petroleum ether, and work-up in aq. methanol. Madaus & Co Gmbh.
479. Luo, F., et al., Medicinal preparation for treating cholelithiasis comprises folium artemisiae argyi, Silybum marianum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Hedyotis diffusa flower, smoked plum, Solanum lyratum, purslane, rhizoma coptidis and Cynanchum paniculatum. Guangzhou Jinan Biomedical Res & Dev Cen.
480. Lu, Q., et al., Producing silymarin comprises pressing Silybum marianum seed to obtain powder, soaking powder in aqueous alkali, extracting using acetone, filtering and concentrating, extracting concentrated liquid using non-polar solvent and concentrating. Chenguang Biotech Group Co Ltd.
481. Liuiu, X., Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for treating type-II diabetes mellitus, contains blackberry lily, Silybum marianum, corn stigma, pine needle, white stiff silkworm, Stevia rebaudiana and folium mori. Liuiu X.
482. Liu, Y., X. Li, and Z. Zhao, Self-emulsified microemulsion composition, comprising Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), silybin, ethyl linoleate, hydrogenated castor oil and absolute alcohol. Xian Lijun Pharm Co Ltd.
483. Liu, Q., et al., Traditional Chinese medicinal particles, useful for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, comprises e.g. rhizoma Alisma, Cassia seed, radix Curcuma, Silybum marianum and radix Bupleurum, which are distilled, extracted and concentrated. Henan College Traditional Chinese Medici.
484. Liu, K., H. Qiu, and Y. Wu, Microsatellite markers used for identifying yellow chest Thrips in Silybum marianum, comprise THaw1, THaw2,THaw5, THaw9, THaw10 and Thaw11. Catas Environment & Plant Protection Ins; Environment & Plant Protection Res Inst.
485. Liu, H., et al., Chinese herbal medicinal composition useful for preventing and treating livestock and poultry infectious mycotic disease, comprises baikal skullcap root, rhubarb, hawthorn, medicated leaven, Silybum marianum and pine needle powder. Henan Ruilante Biological Pharmacy Co.
486. Liu, G., et al., Nutritious and delicious tablet used for pets for protecting liver and treating damage liver comprises S-adenosylmethionine, Silybum marianum extract and vitamin E. Ringpu (Tianjin) Biomedical Co Ltd.
487. Liu, D. and C. Yang, Preparation of Silybum marianum volatile oil comprises taking Silybum marianum leaves, drying, crushing, sieving, extracting, and concentrating. Nanjing Didao Agric Sci & Technology Co Ltd.
488. Liao, Z., et al., Pomfret disease resistant immunity reinforcing agent used e.g. for promoting growth, includes fish, chicken, rhizoma curculiginis, milk vetch seed, nux vomica, fortune eupatorium herb, radix sophorae flavescentis and Silybum marianum. Univ Zhejiang Ocean.
489. Liao, X., et al., Preparing silymarin comprises removing shell of Silybum marianum seed, softening via steam, extracting with ethanol in a rotocel extractor, concentrating the extract, stirring with aqueous alkali solution to precipitate and drying. Bai X.
490. Li, L., Composition used for treating gall stone, comprises paniculate swallowwort root, Silybum marianum, cattail pollen, Trogopterus dung, Chinese dodder seed, corn stigma, immature bitter orange, caulis lonicerae, amaranth and dried orange peel. Li L.
491. Li, J., et al., Preparation for treating liver, gall, spleen and stomach disease, comprises radix bupleuri, sow thistle tasselflower, Korean thistle, Silybum marianum fruit, Hovenia dulcis, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli and turmeric. Yulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospi.
492. Li, J. and J. Wang, Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine cooperative compositions comprising Silybum marianum. Chen N.
493. Li, J., Medicine composition used e.g. for preventing or treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis includes herba gynostemmatis, radix curcumae, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, Silybum marianum, rhizoma alismatis, Poria, and semen cassiae. Univ Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicin.
494. Li, F., Healthcare food composition useful for reducing blood sugar levels, preventing and treating diabetes comprises Gymnema sylvestre, Silybum marianum and fenugreek seed powder. Li F.
495. Lei, H., et al., Method for extracting flavonoid Silibinin, involves crushing Silybum marianum straw and adding crushed Silybum marianum straw into extracting tank, followed by soaking with industrial ethanol, and dissolving alcohol precipitate with ethanol. Univ Heilongjiang.
496. Lai, H., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for e.g. treating hepatitis, comprises Salvia, radix paeoniae alba, Angelica, redroot gromwell, licorice, peach kernel, Silybum marianum, rhubarb, fructus schizandrae and Panax notoginseng. Shaanxi Kangle Traditional Chinese Medic.
497. Kuti, J. and T. Snyehola, Preparation of food additive involves providing some herbs e.g. Lycium barbarum, and adding another plant group e.g. Mary Thistle seed such as silybum marianum, mixing both components and making its extract, tonizing. Kuti J; Snyehola T.
498. Kurkin, V.A., et al., Method for producing saint-mary-thistle syrup ((Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., fam. Compositae - Asteraceae)). Univ Samara Medical.
499. Kopenec, J. and M. Stuchlik, Beer/beer-based beverage comprises polyphenol of Silybum marianum in water-soluble form containing polyphenol with amino acid/aminohexitol, and colloidal silicon dioxide in water-soluble form containing dioxide with amino acid/aminohexitol. Agra Group as; Stuchlik M; Kopenec J.
500. Kong, L., Z. Xie, and X. Zheng, Composition containing traditional Chinese medicine active matter comprises Silybum marianum seed extract, Sophora root extract, fructus cnidii extract and liquorice extract. Shanghai Chuoran Biotechnology Co Ltd.
501. Kim, J., Composition useful e.g. for clearing away heat and promoting diuretic comprises Dicliptera chinensis, black tea as main material, Japanese Ardisia, chicory, kapok root, Gerbera and Silybum marianum. Harbin Lingdan Hongyun Tea Co Ltd.
502. Kim, J., Tea for quenching thirst and relieving heat, comprises Hovenia dulcis, chickweed, Silybum marianum, phoenix-tail fern, dens draconis, bamboo shavings, mung bean, dwarf lilyturf root, watermelon, tea, honey and pectinase. Harbin Lingdan Hongyun Tea Co Ltd.
503. Kawanaka, S., M. Hashimoto, and T. Kimura, Pharmaceutical composition for use as food product or feed for preventing or improving type 2 diabetes or obesity, comprises Silybum marianum (Compositae) extract. Unitika Ltd.
504. Kang, Y.H., J.L. Kim, and S.J. Han, Composition for treating and preventing osteoporosis, comprises Silybum marianum extract and silymarin as active ingredients. Univ Hallym Ind Academic Coop Found.
505. Kang, H. and X. Han, Medicinal composition used for treating neonatal jaundice, comprises Chaydaia, Chrysosplenium, Hedyotis chrysotricha, Silybum marianum, southernwood leaf, stringy stonecrop, Phlegmariurus, Pogonatherum, Eupatorium herb and Dysosma. Weihai Maternal & Child Care Service Cen.
506. Kaneko, A., Immunoglobulin E and interleukin-4 production suppression composition used in food-drinks for reducing allergy, respiratory constriction, edema and nasal discharge, comprises organic-solvent extract of Silybum marianum of Asteraceae. Nisshin Pharma Kk.
507. Kahol, A.P., et al., Production of silymarin from Silybum marianum seeds includes defatting of powdered seeds with hydrocarbon solvent, extraction with acetonitrile and purification using dichloromethane. Council Sci&Ind Res India.
508. Kahol, A.P., et al., Process for isolation of silymarin, hepatoprotective agent, from Silybum marianum seeds. Council Sci&Ind Res India.
509. Jin, P.H., et al., Composition useful in drug and dietary supplement or health functional food, for treating and preventing non alcoholic fatty liver disease, comprises extracts of Aronia melanocarpa and Silybum marianum. Mushmed Co Ltd; Jbk Natural Medicine Inst; Jin P H; Park H; Park K.
510. Jiang, H., et al., Extraction of silymarin, involves soaking Silybum marianum seeds in ethyl acetate, charging Silybum marianum shell into pan and vortex extractor, and adding aqueous alkali solution to Silybum marianum concentrated solution. Inner Mongolia Changhui Biotechnology Co.
511. Jiang, F. and J. Wang, Composition useful in preparation of medicine for treating jaundice in newborn, comprises herba artemisiae, Gardenia, rhizoma zingiberis, cortex albiziae, Rheum officinale, Silybum marianum, Desmodium and radix bupleuri. Tang G; Jiang F.
512. Jia, W., S. Li, and M. Qiu, Dripping pill for treating hepatitides, early hepatocirrhosis and hyperlipemia, comprises Silybum marianum, polyglycol 6000, polyglycol 4000, sodium stearate, poloxamer, and monoglyceride stearate. Univ Shanghai Jiaotong.
513. Jia, H., et al., Extraction of silymarin by extracting Silybum marianum seed oil using ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate extracting solvent, concentrating, adding n-hexane, separating and purifying, recycling solvent, crystallizing and vacuum drying. Bai X.
514. Ji, S. and D. Zhu, Hydrophilic polymer-combo of Silybum marianum extract product as well as medicinal combination containing the combo. Jiankai Sci & Technology Co Ltd Beijing.
515. Ji, H., et al., Extraction of total flavone silymarin used for, e.g. eliminating active oxygen, by crushing dried Silybum marianum medicinal material, extracting, carrying out chromatography, and freeze-drying paste. Jiangsu Tiansheng Pharm Co Ltd.
516. Jain, S., Oral supplement, used as an adjuvant in jaundice, pre-cirrhotic and early cirrhosis conditions, comprises e.g. extracts of Silybum marianum, ginger root, grape seed, dandelion and Schisandra, lecithin soya powder, vitamin C and folic acid. Akums Drugs & Pharm Ltd.
517. Jahodar, L., Vegetable based antioxidant based on vitis vinifera, phyllanthus amarus, emblica officinalis, phoenix dactylifera, andrographis paniculata and silybum marianum materials. Avicenna Co Sro.
518. Iwayama, M., H. Murase, and Y. Akao, Cytostatic composition used for treating digestive cancer and leukemia, contains extract of rosemary, grape, cinnamon, Hydrangea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, kumquat, Citrus tangerina, Silybum marianum or lemon balm. Cci Kk; Univ Gifu; Cci Holdings Kk.
519. Ishinabe, K., et al., Liver function activator for liver diseases-contains extracts of Panax ginseng, Silybum marianum and turmeric. Nissui Pharm Co Ltd.
520. Ishii, A. and G. Yoshikawa, Foodstuff for reducing external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids and bleeding, comprises mixture of silymarin and curcuminoid, or mixture of Silybum marianum and turmeric. Yoshikawa G; Tervis Kk.
521. Huang, Y., G. Yin, and R. He, Composition used in preparing health or food products for preventing and treating alcoholic liver disease comprises shell oligosaccharide, kudzu vine root, Silybum marianum, vitamin C and calcium pantothenate. By-Health Co Ltd.
522. Huang, X., Milk feed formulation for dairy cattle, comprises corn, clover, rapeseed meal, carrot, fermented straw, distillers grain powder, pawpaw, Salvia root, shrimp shell powder, clover, Silybum marianum, oat and trace elements. Kaixian Fengxiangba Farming Professional Coop.
523. Huang, S. and Y. Huang, Preparing Silybum marianum oil solid beverage useful for preventing Alzheimer disease, comprises mixing first extract and second extract, pulverizing, extracting, drying, distilling, concentrating, granulating, and packaging. Heilongjiang Junmen Modern Agric Dev Co.
524. Huang, P. and G. Xu, Traditional Chinese medicinal formulation useful for preventing diarrhea, contains Silybum marianum, rhubarb, Glauber's salt, Aloe, Rumex japonicus, Senna, gallnut, catechu, rhizoma coptidis, elecampane, nutmeg and ginger. Jiangsu Huajing Biotehcnology Co Ltd.
525. Huang, J., et al., Feed additive, useful for treating hepato-biliary diseases of barracuda, comprises radix salviae miltiorrhizae, Cassia seed, Gardenia, licorice, Silybum marianum, Chrysanthemum, radix scutellariae, honeysuckle, and Chinese waxgourd peel. Yancheng Inst Technology.
526. Hua, X., Q. Hua, and L. Hua, Composition useful e.g. for treating and preventing chemical-driven liver injury, soothing liver, benefiting gallbladder, clearing heat, detoxifying and promoting blood circulation, comprises Silybum marianum, mulberry and rhizoma coptidis. Fujian Huahang Biotechnology Dev Co Ltd.
527. Herrmann, J., R. Oschmann, and H. Stumpf, Solubilised silymarin formulation-comprising dry Silybum marianum extract and polyethylene glycol. Schwabe Gmbh & Co Willmar.
528. Haratake, A. and S. Yamaguchi, Oral skin whitening agent for use in iced-dessert and solid foodstuff, comprises silybum marianum extract, containing silymarin, silybin, silychristin, and/or silydianin, as active components. Kanebo Ltd.
529. Guan, S., Medicinal composition useful for inhibiting replication of hepatitis virus, protecting liver against fibrosis due to viral entry and necrosis of liver cells, comprising extracts of Flavescent sophora root and silybum marianum. Guangzhou Ruiji Biological Technology Co.
530. Gu, C., et al., Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for relieving alcoholism and protecting liver comprises turmeric, Silybum marianum, kudzu root, and Aloe. Jiangsu Shenhua Pharm Co Ltd.
531. Gilliland, G., Dr Hangover for alleviating hangover symptoms associated with alcohol consumption comprises e.g. N-acyl cysteine, L-glutamine, riboflavin, niacin/nicotinamide, pyritoxine hydrochloride, ascorbic C, folate, silybum marianum and resveratrol. Gillilands Island Health&Dreams.
532. Giampapa, V.C. and D.B. Cross, Increasing telomerase activity, involves orally administering supplement composition containing extract of silybum marianum, N-acetylcysteine, trans-resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum, extract of Panax ginseng, and silica. Cellhealth Technologies Ltd.
533. Ge, H., Silybum marianum egg crisp used for clearing liver, contains Silybum marianum, Corydalis taliensis, Caragana flower, Curcuma sichuanensis, Buddleja officinalis, Plantago asiatica, Cynanchum mooreanum, Gentianopsis paludosa and egg. Harbin Tianyi Ecological Agric Co Ltd.
534. Fu, T., C. Wu, and J. Wu, Extracting effective components in leaves and stems of Silybum marianum, cleaning leaves and stems of Silybum marianum, drying stems and leaves, de-enzyming stems and leaves, and ultrasonically extracting stems and leaves. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
535. Foley, B., Water-in-silicone emulsion used for improving appearance of and preventing damage to facial skin, comprises octinoxate, niacinamide, Salix nigra bark extract, adenosine, and Silybum marianum extract. Kay Inc Mary.
536. Florence, T., et al., Topical skin toner, useful to treat skin conditions e.g. acne and impetigo, comprises Silybum marianum fruit extract, Momordica grosvenorii fruit extract and a vehicle containing e.g. butylene glycol, glycerin, simethicone and disodium EDTA. Kay Inc Mary.
537. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Treating skin e.g. fine line or wrinkle, comprises applying a composition comprising Silybum marianum extract and Momordica grosvenori fruit extract, which are hydroalcoholic extract and hydroglycolic extract respectively. Kay Inc Mary.
538. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Treating skin involves topically applying a composition comprising effective amount of Silybum marianum extract, Momordica grosvenori fruit extract, Plumeria alba flower extract, and Nymphea gigantean flower extract to the skin. Florence T; Hines M; Gan D; Kay Inc Mary.
539. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Topical skin composition used to e.g. increase synthesis of collagen, reduce deep lines and wrinkles in skin, comprises e.g. Centella asiatica stem cells or Centella asiatica extract, tripeptide-1, hexylresorcinol, and Silybum marianum. Kay Inc Mary.
540. Florence, T., M. Hines, and D. Gan, Applying cosmetic composition to skin involves topically applying to skin, composition that includes Silybum marianum extract, e.g. hydroalcoholic extract, and Momordica grosvenori fruit extract, e.g. hydroglycolic extract. Kay Inc Mary.
541. Florence, T., Treating pruritus comprises topically applying a composition containing Echinacea purpurea extract, Silybum marianum extract, glycerin and a mixture comprising cetylhydroxyproline palmitamide/steric acid/Brassica campestris sterols to skin. Kay Inc Mary.
542. Florence, T., Treating pruritus, by topically applying composition comprising Echinacea purpurea extract and Silybum marianum fruit extract to skin. Kay Inc Mary.
543. Feng, M. and X. Su, Traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating bacterial cholecystitis, contains wampee, Liriodendron chinense, briar root, Salvia, Bidens pilosa, Silybum marianum, jujube, Artemisia, catechu, gallnut, and pomegranate peel. Huiyinbi Group Anhui Pharm Co Ltd.
544. Feng, J., W. Lu, and J. He, Silymarin nanogranular composition comprises silybin extracted for Chinese medicinal Silybum marianum. Shanghai Inst Pharm Ind.
545. Fan, G. and L. Wang, Preparation of silymarin involves mixing silybum marianum fruit powder and methanol in extractor, adding acetone to obtained extract, filtering, filling obtained in reverse-flow extractor and collecting silymarin. Suzhou Paiteng Biological Medicine Sci &.
546. Driscoll, W.J. and P.R. Myhill, Composition useful for treating e.g. memory loss, Parkinson's disease, aging, cancer comprises Bacopa monniera extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera powder, Camellia sinensis extract, Curcuma longa extract. Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
547. Driscoll, W.J., J.M. McCord, and P.R. Myhill, Composition for treating e.g. oxidative stress comprises two botanical extracts containing active ingredient, where extract is e.g. Bacopa monniera extract, Silybum marianum extract, Withania somnifera extract with their active ingredient. Lifeline Nutraceuticals; Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
548. Drew, H.R., J.G. Yang, and L. Yang, Composition useful e.g. for treating or preventing DNA damage and diabetes, and to protect liver comprises combination of high selenium yeast and selenocysteine, and optionally Momordica charantia, Silybum marianum, or lecithin. Australian Trefoil Health Technologies.
549. Dranik, L.I., L.G. Dolganenko, and V.V. Belikov, Liver-protective poly-hydroxyphenyl-chromanone pharmaceuticals-prepd. from Silybum marianum gaerth seeds by multistage solvent extn. using ethanol, carbon tetra:chloride and chloroform. Khark Chem-Pharm.
550. Dou, J. and Y. Hu, Silybum marianum acne gel is composed of silybum marianum extract, plant extract, propanediol, vitamin E, potassium dihydroxyethyl sulfonate, triethanolamine, preservative and rest is water, and is prepared by weighing each raw material. Zhenjiang Yixin Bioengineering Technology Co Ltd.
551. Dong, S. and D. Gu, Development of micro particle silybum marianum preparation. Dong S.
552. Dong, J., et al., Chinese medicinal healthcare oral liquid useful for e.g. providing anti-radiation effect, contains Silybum marianum, dendrobe, Rhodiola rosea, Astragalus membranaceus, seed of thorny jujube tree, radix rehmanniae, Gardenia and medlar. Qingdao Jiarui Biological Technology Co.
553. Di Pierro, F., Hypocholesteremizing and hypoglycemizing composition for prevention and treatment of alterations of lipid and carbohydrate balance or disorders, comprises berberine and extract e.g. of Silybum marianum and Camellia sinensis. Velleja Res Srl.
554. Di, F., Method for extracting silymarin from Silybum marianum seed coats, involves husking cleaned seeds, extracting separated husks using solvent, concentrating and recycling solvent. Di F.
555. Di, F., Dynamic rotating vacuum drying method for removing solvent remaining on Silybum marianum pixel surface, comprises introducing Silybum marianum in a drying tank of a double-cone rotary vacuum drier, and steam heating the Silybum marianum. Di F.
556. Desai, L.J., Herbal composition used to enhance milk production comprises extracts of Trigonella fenugracum, Cocus nucifera, Brassica juncea, Farsetia jacquemontii, Cuminum cynminum, Carum copticum, Anethum graveolens, Avena sativa and Silybum marianum. Desai L J.
557. Deng, T. and J. Wu, Manufacture of Silybum marianum tea used for resisting acute liver injury and protecting liver by soaking Silybum marianum leaves in sodium chloride solution, cleaning, spreading, drying, de-enzyming, kneading and rolling, and crushing. Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharm Co Ltd.
558. Danapur, V., et al., Silybum marianum plant extract and its uses. Avestha Gengraine Technologies Pvt Ltd.
559. Dai, W., Traditional Chinese medicinal pill useful for treating liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, contains radix sophorae flavescentis, Phyllanthus, radix stephaniae tetrandrae, Chinese dodder seed, Silybum marianum and Schisandra chinensis. Dai W.
560. Dai, S., Preparation of Silybum marianum extract with high level and low melting residue, involves extracting Silybum marianum in stages, concentrating/distilling water layer, dissolving in sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuging, and drying. Ningbo Green Health Pharm Co Ltd.
561. Cong, X., Manufacture of silybum marianum meglumine used in drug for treating acute and chronic hepatitis and toxic liver damage, by preparing khaki powder using isopropanol and silybum marianum meglumine, adding water, and adding isopropanol. Jiangsu Lianchuang Pharm Technology Co L.
562. Chung, J.H., et al., Composition used for moisturizing skin and skin external preparation, comprises Fallopia japonica extract, Silybum marianum extract European black cohosh extract, glucose, galactose, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine. Univ Seoul Nat Hospital; Jungjinho Effect Inc.
563. Chi, C., W. Liu, and H. Wang, Medicinal composition used e.g. for treating neonatal jaundice, contains herba artemisiae capillaris, ginseng, rhizoma zingiberis, cortex albiziae, semen plantaginis, Silybum marianum, Glechoma longituba and radix bupleuri. Tang G; Chi C.
564. Chevreau, N., Composition used to treat skin, comprises e.g. Brassica plant extracts, Curcuma longa extract and curcuminoids, white tea extract, Wasabia japonica extract, Bacopa monnieri extract, Silybum marianum extract, and Piper nigrum extract. Lifevantage Corp; Lifeline Nutraceuticals Corp.
565. Chen, Y. and L. Fu, Pharmaceutical composition comprises Silybum marianum extract, natural naphtha, phospholipids, iso-osmotic adjustment agent, stabilizing agent, seed fat and water. Chen Y; Fu L.
566. Chen, Y., D. Chen, and H. Yao, Silybum marianum seed oil polypeptide mixture useful for preventing and protecting alcohol-induced liver injury, contains turmeric corn peptide, Silybum marianum seed oil, sorbitol, microcrystalline cellulose and silicon dioxide. Wuhan Tallyho Biological Prod Co Ltd.
567. Chen, X., R. Xu, and Y. Ge, Traditional Chinese medicine, useful for treating coronary atherosclerosis, comprises trichosanthis, Silybum marianum, Cassia twig, sea-buckthorn, Allium macrostemon, mulberry, red-rooted Salvia, seaweed and Pinellia ternata. Chen X; Qingdao Municipal Hospital.
568. Chen, N. and X. Peng, Pharmaceutical composition used for reducing mouse inflammation, enhancing oxidation resistance, and delaying exercise-induced fatigue comprises Bacopa monniera, Silybum marianum, ginseng, maca, rhizoma curcumae longae and green tea extract. Univ Wuhan Sports.
569. Chavarria Krauser, A., et al., Use of silymarine obtained from Silybum marianum having neuroprotective activity for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases and ameliorating symptoms of neurodegenerative process and is evaluated by murine model MPTP. Univ Mexico Nacional Autonoma.
570. Catrina, I.A., S.B. Catrina, and O.M. Marinica, Obtaining silimarine, involves concentrating acetone extract obtained from ground fruit of Silybum Marianum, phase separation, treating hydro-acetone part with hydrochloric acid, and drying. Catrina I a; Catrina S B; Marinica O M; Marinica T.
571. Campbell, N., et al., Glucan composition for food supplement, e.g. for losing weight in patient having overweight body mass index, comprises beta-1,3/1,6-glucan and plant extract including extract from Silybum marianum, golden root, dandelion, and burdock seed. Med-Eq as; Mortensen N C; Medeq As.
572. Cai, X., et al., Precipitable extruded feed for cultivation of grouper fish by preventing fatty liver, contains fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, refined flour, wheat gluten, mineral premix, vitamin premix, Spirulina, Silybum marianum and curcumin. Guangdong Shuanghu Fodder Co Ltd.
573. Bruna Floris, A. and R. Gavilan Lopez, Use of a composition comprising a Silybum marianum extract or an active ingredient from it, at a specific concentration by weight, for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of radiodermatitis. Madaus Sa.
574. Bravo, D., F. Gautier, and L. Mazuranok, Composition, useful to obtain food additive, animal feed or medicament for preventing digestive diseases, and reducing inflammation, comprises Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, Silybum marianum extracts and/or their active molecules. Axiss France Sas.
575. Bombardelli, E. and F. Corti, Composition, useful for treating cancer-related fatigue, comprises Panax ginseng C.A. mayer extract, Zingiber offlcinale extract, Echinacea angustifolia extract and Silybum marianum extract. Indena Spa; Bombardelli E; Corti F.
576. Bao, Y., Z. Lin, and L. He, Fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Chinese goldthread, Sargassum fusiforme, Silybum marianum,, southernwood, Magnolia officinalis, Purslane, Dandelion, Epimedium, radix isatidis and plantain. Zhejiang Wanli College.
577. Bao, L., Medicinal composition used for treating gallstone, comprises longhairy antenoron herb, linearstripe Rabdosia herb, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Silybum marianum, Thlaspi arvense, Swertia mileensis, Sedum lineare and radix curcumae. Bao L.
578. Bao, J., X. Zhang, and Q. Chan, Medicine composition for treating thyroiditis includes honeysuckle, rhizoma coptidis, tuckahoe, purslane, Silybum marianum, radix bupleuri, Eucommia ulmoides, parasitic loranthus, beautiful sweetgum fruit, and radix sophorae flavescentis. Univ Jinan.
579. Bagchi, G.D., et al., New, high seed and sylimarin yielding plant of Silybum marianum. Council Sci&Ind Res India.
580. Ardelean, A., et al., Pharmaceutical composition useful for preventing and treating liver disease, comprises oil isolated from Silybum marianum seed. Univ Debrecen; Univ Vest Vasile Goldis Din Arad; Debreceni Egyetem; Seboe G.
581. Silybum Marianum seed extract-used in treatment of liver disorders. Takematsu T.
582. Silybonol extraction from Silybum Marianum seeds-using solvents and column chromatography. Takemoto T.
583. Polyhydroxyphenylchromones-by solvent extn of non-defatted fruit of Silybum marianum. Inverni & Della Beffa Sp.
584. Polyhydroxyphenylchromone derivs-prepd. by extract of Silybum marianum Gwith aldehyde and ammonia. Inverni Della Beffa Spa.
585. Silimarine flavonoid extn. from Silybum marianum fruit-with ethyl acetate, concn., and PPTN with di:chloro-ethane or chloroform and petroleum ether addn. Biofarm Intr Med; Inst Control Stat Med.
586. Prepn. of Silybum marianum extract-with constant and high poly:hydroxy:phenyl:chromone content. Inverni Della Beffa Spa.
587. Extn. of silymarin anti:hepatotoxic agent-from fruits of Silybum Marianum using acetone and chloroform. Lampugnani Farm Spa.
588. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for e.g. treating chronic hepatitis, contains oriental wormwood, radix curcumae, tuckahoe, radix isatidis, radix astragali, caulis lonicerae, pseudoginseng, Gardenia and Silybum marianum. Qingdao Anxin Medical Instr Co Ltd.
589. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for treating hepatitis B with hepatic fibrosis, contains Silybum marianum, Sagina subulata, Paris polyphylla, rhizoma sparganii, kelp, Atractylodes macrocephala and concha arcae. Qingdao Chenda Biotechnology Co Ltd.
590. Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating hepatitis, involves weighing Silybum marianum, adding water to weighed material, then adding additive, uniformly mixing, granulating, drying, sieving and tableting. Zou B.
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