Ghee Pulbications and Patents

Ghee Pulbications and Patents

1.    Development of a Novel High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic-Densitometric Method for the Detection of Tallow Adulteration in Cow Ghee
Rao, Guodong; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Dandan; et al. - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS  Volume: 39   Issue: 6   Pages: 6887-6894   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1515-1   Published: JUN 2012

2.    Ghee Whiz! The Growing Evidence for the Benefits of the Modified Atkins Diet
Kossoff, Eric - EPILEPSY CURRENTS  Volume: 13   Issue: 5   Pages: 211-212   Published: SEP-OCT 2013

3.    High conjugated linoleic acid enriched ghee (clarified butter) increases the antioxidant and antiatherogenic potency in female Wistar rats
Chinnadurai, Kathirvelan; Kanwal, Harpreet Kaur; Tyagi, Amrish Kumar; et al. - LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE  Volume: 12     Article Number: 121   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-12-121   Published: AUG 7 2013

4.    Detection of possible adulteration in commercial ghee samples using low-resolution gas chromatography triglyceride profiles
Kala, A. L. Amrutha - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 66   Issue: 3   Pages: 346-351   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12049   Published: AUG 2013

5.    Design of sustained release pellets of ferrous fumarate using cow ghee as hot-melt coating agent.
Sakarkar, Dinesh M; Dorle, Avinash K; Mahajan, Nilesh Manoharrao; et al. - International journal of pharmaceutical investigation  Volume: 3   Issue: 3   Pages: 151-6   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.119225   Published: 2013-Jul

6.    An assessment of the antioxidant potential of coriander extracts in ghee when stored at high temperature and during deep fat frying
Patel, Shriyesh; Shende, Sneha; Arora, Sumit; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 66   Issue: 2   Pages: 207-213   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12023   Published: MAY 2013

7.    Storage related changes in ghee-based low-fat spread
Patange, D. D.; Patel, A. A.; Singh, R. R. B.; et al. - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 50   Issue: 2   Pages: 346-352   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0339-7   Published: APR 2013

8.    Variation in grainy texture of commercial ghee in relation to laboratory ghee and its blends
Rachana, Chandrika Ravindran; Nath, Battula Surendra; Reshma, Mullan Velandy; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 66   Issue: 1   Pages: 90-97   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00872.x   Published: FEB 2013

9.    Effect of cholesterol removal on the granulation behaviour of low-cholesterol ghee
Meghwal, Karuna; Sharma, Vivek; Lal, Darshan; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 66   Issue: 1   Pages: 98-102   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00877.x   Published: FEB 2013

10.    不同酥油理化特性及脂肪酸组成分析

11.    Physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of different ghee
李海朝; 贾普友; 张辉
Li Haichao; Jia Puyou; Zhang Hui - 中国油脂  Volume: 38   Issue: 8   Pages: 93-94   Article Number: 1003-7969(2013)38:8<93:btsylh>2.0.TX;2-J   Published: 2013 - China Oils and Fats  Volume: 38   Issue: 8   Pages: 93-94   Article Number: 1003-7969(2013)38:8<93:btsylh>2.0.TX;2-J   Published: 2013

12.    EFFECT OF GARLIC POWDER ON THE LIPID PROFILE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS DEVELOPMENT IN THE MALE RATS FED WITH A HIGH-GHEE DIET
Moradi, Y.; Fathi, F.; Zijoud, S. Hosseini; et al. - CARDIOLOGY  Volume: 126   Supplement: 2   Pages: 287-287   Published: 2013

13.    Cake comprises material A comprising buckwheat flour, low-gluten flour and milk, and material B comprising white sugar, salt, eggs and ghee
Patent Number: CN102960404-A
Patent Assignee: BIJIE YONGSHENG FOOD CO LTD

14.    用锥形量热仪研究酥油的燃烧性

15.    An investigation of flammability of ghee by using cone calorimeter
李海朝; 贾普友
Li Haichao; Jia Puyou - 食品工业科技  Volume: 34   Issue: 14   Pages: 91-93,98   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:14<91:yzxlry>2.0.TX;2-2   Published: 2013 - Science & Technology of Food Industry  Volume: 34   Issue: 14   Pages: 91-93,98   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:14<91:yzxlry>2.0.TX;2-2   Published: 2013

16.    Electric ghee lamp, has lamp ball cover covered on luminous LED, and lamp bead provided with luminous LED of power supply device, where power supply device and circuit board are connected to lamp body
Patent Number: CN102927468-A
Patent Assignee: CAI H

17.    Manufacturing pancha tattva soap used as antiseptic, antibacterial and antifungal for killing germs, wound healing involves using Pancha Ghavya of cow, selected from cow urine, curd from cow milk, cow dung, cow milk, and cow ghee
Patent Number: IN201300734-I3
Patent Assignee: SONI U

18.    不同酥油等温燃烧动力学过程

19.    Combustion process and kinetic characteristics of different ghee
李海朝; 刘喜梅; 贾普友
Li Haichao; Liu Ximei; Jia Puyou - 应用化工  Volume: 42   Issue: 5   Pages: 819-821   Article Number: 1671-3206(2013)42:5<819:btsydw>2.0.TX;2-G   Published: 2013 - Applied Chemical Industry  Volume: 42   Issue: 5   Pages: 819-821   Article Number: 1671-3206(2013)42:5<819:btsydw>2.0.TX;2-G   Published: 2013

20.    Ghee process shortening device comprises a stirring cylinder, a separating cylinder, a first pressure refining chamber and a second pressure refining chamber, which are respectively provided with a material inlet and a material outlet
Patent Number: CN102894108-A
Patent Assignee: BEIJING SANYUAN FOOD CO LTD

21.    Candle comprises a base set at bottom of a barrel ring, a lamp wick set on central part of barrel ring, and ghee wax located on surface of a flame-retardant material
Patent Number: CN202595104-U
Patent Assignee: XU X

22.    Cookie comprises flour, baking soda, dandelion pulp, ammonium bicarbonate, granulated white sugar, salt, sunflower seed oil, citric acid, ghee, phospholipid, vanillin and drinking water
Patent Number: CN102894046-A
Patent Assignee: NANTONG JINTUDI GREEN FOOD CO LTD

23.    顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定内蒙酥油风味物质

24.    Determination of flavour compounds in ghee from Inner Mongolia using headspace-solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
薛璐; 张琦; 胡志和
Xue Lu; Zhang Qi; Hu Zhihe - 食品工业科技  Volume: 34   Issue: 8   Pages: 61-64   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:8<61:dkgxwc>2.0.TX;2-G   Published: 2013 - Science & Technology of Food Industry  Volume: 34   Issue: 8   Pages: 61-64   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:8<61:dkgxwc>2.0.TX;2-G   Published: 2013

25.    传统酥油研究进展

26.    Research progress in traditional ghee
张琦; 薛璐; 胡志和
Zhang Qi; Xue Lu; Hu Zhihe - 食品工业科技  Volume: 34   Issue: 8   Pages: 361-364   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:8<361:ctsyyj>2.0.TX;2-M   Published: 2013 - Science & Technology of Food Industry  Volume: 34   Issue: 8   Pages: 361-364   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:8<361:ctsyyj>2.0.TX;2-M   Published: 2013

27.    Characteristics Assessment of Cooking Oil and Vanaspati Ghee
Kandhro, Aftab Ahmed; Sultana, Razia; Saleem, Rubina; et al. - Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series A-Physical Sciences  Volume: 56   Issue: 1   Pages: 6-13   Published: JAN-FEB 2013

28.    微胶囊化西藏酥油壁材增塑剂的研究

29.    Study on the plasticizer of microcapsules wall material of Xizang ghee
石燕; 郑为完; 刘凡; et al.
Shi Yan; Zheng Weiwan; Liu Fan; et al. - 食品工业科技  Volume: 34   Issue: 1   Pages: 213-215   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:1<213:wjnhxz>2.0.TX;2-P   Published: 2013 - Science & Technology of Food Industry  Volume: 34   Issue: 1   Pages: 213-215   Article Number: 1002-0306(2013)34:1<213:wjnhxz>2.0.TX;2-P   Published: 2013

30.    Changes in Mail lard reaction products in ghee during storage
Andrewes, P. - FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 135   Issue: 3   Pages: 921-928   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.013   Published: DEC 1 2012

31.    Effects of cow ghee (clarified butter oil) & soybean oil on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in rats
Rani, Rita; Kansal, Vinod K. - INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH  Volume: 136   Issue: 3   Pages: 460-465   Published: SEP 2012

32.    A comparative study on chronic administration of Go Ghrita (cow ghee) and Avika Ghrita (ewe ghee) in albino rats.
Shukla, Dipali J; Vyas, Hitesh A; Vyas, Mahesh Kumar; et al. - Ayu  Volume: 33   Issue: 3   Pages: 435-40   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.108862   Published: 2012-Jul

33.    The effects of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari) extract on oxidative stability of ghee, in relation to added natural and synthetic antioxidants
Pawar, Nilkanth; Arora, Sumit; Bijoy, Ram Ran; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 65   Issue: 2   Pages: 293-299   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00816.x   Published: MAY 2012

34.    Chitin high calcium egg yolk crisp, is prepared by mixing oil peel raw material, oiled crust, low-gluten powder, granulated sugar powder and purified water with ghee at specific percent and specific degree
Patent Number: CN102342315-A
Patent Assignee: SHANGHAI GANSO CO LTD

35.    Binzhou fried dough twist
Patent Number: CN102550627-B; CN102550627-A
Patent Assignee: DONG F

36.    Highland barley high-fiber nutrient tsamba ferment pancake, contains 10-20 parts of soybean powder, 5-10 parts of ghee, 2-5 parts of semen juglandis, 2-5 parts of peanut kernel and 2-6 parts of green tea extractive
Patent Number: CN102318655-A; CN102318655-B
Patent Assignee: XIZANG YUEWANG BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD

37.    White gourd paste flaky pastry, has oiled crust of oil crisp and white gourd paste stuffing, where specific parts of oiled crust is composed of low-gluten powder, pig oil, sugar, water and ghee, and stuffing paste is composed of white gourd
Patent Number: CN102669239-A
Patent Assignee: KAIPING SANBU CORNFIELD CAKE SHOP

38.    Body balancing and meditation progress by ghee therapy
Patent Number: IN201000218-I3
Patent Assignee: PATEL N A

39.    Effects of oxidized vanaspati ghee on the serum lipids profile and radical scavenging activity of the in vitro lipids of liver, brain and muscles
Zeb, Alam; Mehmood, Arif - TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY-TURK BIYOKIMYA DERGISI  Volume: 37   Issue: 4   Pages: 417-423   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjb.2012.63325   Published: 2012

40.    Effects of dietary supplementation with ghee, hydrogenated oil, or olive oil on lipid profile and fatty streak formation in rabbits.
Hosseini, Mohsen; Asgary, Sedigheh - ARYA atherosclerosis  Volume: 8   Issue: 3   Pages: 119-24   Published: 2012

41.    基于电子鼻对酥油贮藏期间质量变化规律的研究

42.    Evaluation of Quality Change of Ghee during Storage Using Electronic Nose
薛璐; 王昌禄; 胡志和; et al.
Xue Lu; Wang Changlu; Hu Zhihe; et al. - 食品科学  Volume: 33   Issue: 16   Pages: 221-224   Article Number: 1002-6630(2012)33:16<221:jydzbd>2.0.TX;2-E   Published: 2012 - Food Science  Volume: 33   Issue: 16   Pages: 221-224   Article Number: 1002-6630(2012)33:16<221:jydzbd>2.0.TX;2-E   Published: 2012

43.    耐盐及耐茶汁西藏酥油微胶囊乳化体系研究

44.    Study on emulsifier system of resistance to salt and tea Tibet ghee microcapsule
石燕; 郑为完; 刘凡; et al.
Shi Yan; Zheng Weiwan; Liu Fan; et al. - 食品工业科技  Volume: 33   Issue: 17   Pages: 89-92,97   Article Number: 1002-0306(2012)33:17<89:nyjncz>2.0.TX;2-Q   Published: 2012 - Science & Technology of Food Industry  Volume: 33   Issue: 17   Pages: 89-92,97   Article Number: 1002-0306(2012)33:17<89:nyjncz>2.0.TX;2-Q   Published: 2012

45.    Ghee and Honey Dressing for Infected Wounds
Udwadia, Tehemton E. - INDIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY  Volume: 73   Issue: 4   Pages: 278-283   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-011-0240-7   Published: AUG 2011

46.    Dietary intervention of cow ghee and soybean oil on expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related genes in normal and carcinogen treated rat mammary gland
Rani, Rita; Kansal, Vinod Kumar; Kaushal, Deepti; et al. - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS  Volume: 38   Issue: 5   Pages: 3299-3307   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0435-1   Published: JUN 2011

47.    Study on cow ghee versus soybean oil on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene induced mammary carcinogenesis & expression of cyclooxygenase-2 & peroxisome proliferators activated receptor- gamma in rats
Rani, Rita; Kansal, Vinod K. - INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH  Volume: 133   Issue: 5   Pages: 497-503   Published: MAY 2011

48.    [Study on the microstructure of fluorescent labelling ghee microcapsules by Tomoscan imaging].
Shi, Yan; Zheng, Wei-wan; Zou, Jin; et al. - Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu  Volume: 31   Issue: 3   Pages: 719-22   Published: 2011-Mar

49.    Study on the Microstructure of Fluorescent Labelling Ghee Microcapsules by Tomoscan Imaging
Shi Yan; Zheng Wei-wan; Zou Jin; et al. - SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS  Volume: 31   Issue: 3   Pages: 719-722   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2011)03-0719-04   Published: MAR 2011

50.    水滴撞击高温酥油表面的动力学过程模拟试验研究

51.    Simulated research into the dynamic process of water-drop impact on the hot ghee surface
陈萍萍; 王喜世; 张毅
Chen Pingping; Wang Xishi; Zhang Yi - 安全与环境学报  Volume: 11   Issue: 6   Pages: 213-218   Article Number: 1009-6094(2011)11:6<213:sdzjgw>2.0.TX;2-4   Published: 2011 - Journal of Safety and Environment  Volume: 11   Issue: 6   Pages: 213-218   Article Number: 1009-6094(2011)11:6<213:sdzjgw>2.0.TX;2-4   Published: 2011

52.    ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS IN GHEE AND OLIVE OIL AND THEIR PROBABLE CAUSAL EFFECT IN LIPOID PNEUMONIA
Mirghani, Zein; Zein, Tayseer; Annoble, Samuel; et al. - JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 30   Issue: 2   Pages: 141-147   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-011-0007-5   Published: 2011

53.    Dairy Ghee opposed to soybean oil attenuates diet induced hypercholesterolemia in rats
Bhatia, Ekta; Kansal, Vinod K. - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 66   Issue: 1   Pages: 15-18   Published: 2011

54.    Method of preparation of low cholesterol ghee
Patent Number: IN200601078-I1
Patent Assignee: INDIAN COUNCIL AGRIC RES

55.    Evaluation of trans fatty acids contents in commercial brands of ghee available at Indian markets
Mahapatra, Deepthi; Sethi, Debashree; Raja, R. Balaji - SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ESSAYS  Volume: 5   Issue: 20   Pages: 3193-3200   Published: OCT 18 2010

56.    Physico-Chemical Properties and Quality of Palm-Based Vegetable Ghee
Aini, I. Nor; Hanirah, H.; Maimon, C. H.; et al. - SAINS MALAYSIANA  Volume: 39   Issue: 5   Pages: 791-794   Published: OCT 2010

57.    A comparative pharmacological evaluation of Taila (oil) and Ghrita (ghee) prepared with Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia).
Vaghamshi, Ranjita; Jaiswal, Mundeep; Patgiri, B J; et al. - Ayu  Volume: 31   Issue: 4   Pages: 504-8   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.82036   Published: 2010-Oct

58.    A comparison of the physico-chemical properties of low-cholesterol ghee with standard ghee from cow and buffalo creams
Kumar, Manoj; Sharma, Vivek; Lal, Darshan; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 63   Issue: 2   Pages: 252-255   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00572.x   Published: MAY 2010

59.    The effect of ghee (clarified butter) on serum lipid levels and microsomal lipid peroxidation.
Sharma, Hari; Zhang, Xiaoying; Dwivedi, Chandradhar - Ayu  Volume: 31   Issue: 2   Pages: 134-40   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.72361   Published: 2010-Apr

60.    Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of heated honey, honey mixed with ghee and their food consumption pattern by rats.
Annapoorani, A; Anilakumar, K R; Khanum, Farhath; et al. - Ayu  Volume: 31   Issue: 2   Pages: 141-6   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.72363   Published: 2010-Apr

61.    Preparing ghee of reduced cholesterol content, comprises e.g. providing a melted butter serum, adding beta cyclodextrin, agitating the butter serum and separating a water serum phase containing cholesterol-beta cyclodextrin complex
Patent Number: WO2010140164-A2; IN200901156-I1; WO2010140164-A3
Patent Assignee: STERLING AGRO IND LTD

62.    Fruit particle-fruit vegetable sludge dietary fiber food and its preparation method e.g. for improving immunity, comprise frying white gourd sludge with white sugar, ghee and starch, mixing with fruit meat particles, cutting and coating
Patent Number: CN101623074-A; CN101623074-B
Patent Assignee: JINGZHOU XINLI WINDMILL FOODS CO LTD

63.    Effect of hydrogenated, liquid and ghee oils on serum lipids profile.
Mohammadifard, Noushin; Nazem, Masoud; Naderi, Gholam-Ali; et al. - ARYA atherosclerosis  Volume: 6   Issue: 1   Pages: 16-22   Published: 2010

64.    Dairy Ghee opposed to soybean oil attenuates diet induced hypercholesterolemia in rats - method for maltodextrin estimation in milk
Sharma, Rajan; Rajput, Y. S.; Poonam - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 65   Issue: 4   Pages: 362-364   Published: 2010

65.    Development of process for manufacture of low-fat spread using ghee
Patent Number: IN200901796-I3
Patent Assignee: RAHURI M P K V

66.    Use and medicinal use of (ayurvedic) madhuratan pachak ghee for digestive system and good digestion
Patent Number: IN200801410-I3
Patent Assignee: GOYAL S

67.    Use and medicinal use of brahmi ghrita madhuratan ghee (brain booster ghee) for mind
Patent Number: IN200801409-I3
Patent Assignee: GOYAL S

68.    Use and medicinal use of Megha madhuratan ghee for eyes and eyes infection
Patent Number: IN200801408-I3
Patent Assignee: GOYAL S

69.    Disposable opening ghee lamp, has lamp holder filled with ghee with lamp wick, where hatch of lamp holder is connected with seal cover, and bond layer located at part of flute, where lamp holder is made of up and down parts
Patent Number: CN2876539-Y
Patent Assignee: GUO Q

70.    Traditional Chinese medicine healthcare wine e.g. used for decreasing aging process and accelerating cholesterol metabolism comprises walnuts, roses, red dates, white honey, almond, ghee and Chinese distillate spirits
Patent Number: CN101696384-A
Patent Assignee: ZHAG F

71.    A Simple Milk Churner for Ghee-Making
Muyanja, Abduh; Kawongolo, John B.; Kisaalita, William S. - AMA-AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA  Volume: 40   Issue: 4   Pages: 34-37   Published: FAL 2009

72.    Main microorganisms involved in the fermentation of Ugandan ghee
Ongol, Martin Patrick; Asano, Kozo - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY  Volume: 133   Issue: 3   Pages: 286-291   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.06.003   Published: AUG 15 2009

73.    Applicability of enzymatic diagnostic kit for estimation of cholesterol in ghee
Sharma, Vivek; Reddy, Sudharshana M. J.; Arora, Sumit; et al. - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 46   Issue: 3   Pages: 244-246   Published: MAY-JUN 2009

74.    Consumption Pattern of Ghee in Udaipur City
Bhasin, Aparajita; Kothari, Saroj; Sharma, Vimal; et al. - Journal of Human Ecology  Volume: 25   Issue: 2   Pages: 121-125   Published: FEB 2009

75.    Sugarless wife cake contains wrapper material e.g. high strength flour, sugarless modifying agent and ghee, frying materials e.g. low-strength flour, ghee and sesame, and filler e.g. goat cake powder, shredded coconut and refined oil
Patent Number: CN101461409-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

76.    Non-fried Saqima food preparation involves proportioning of materials, peeling off corn and wheat, mixing with rice, corn sugar juice, carboxylmethyl cellulose and ghee, heating and sterilizing
Patent Number: CN101185457-A
Patent Assignee: LIU H

77.    Aerated fat-continuous product useful as food product selected from chocolate, butter, ghee, margarine and low fat spreads, comprises hydrophobin
Patent Number: EP2052628-A1; CN101416691-A; JP2009100743-A; CA2641239-A1; US2009142467-A1; SG152177-A1; BR200804592-A2; AU2008229927-A1; AU2008229927-B2; MX2008013461-A1; NZ571979-A; PH1200800385-A; MX291631-B; RU2476127-C2
Patent Assignee: UNILEVER PLC; UNILEVER NV; UNILEVER LTD; CONOPCO INC DBA UNILEVER

78.    Sugar-free bread contains strong flour, weak strength flour, anhydrous ghee, sugar-free modifier, sugar-free milk powder, egg, bread modifier, yeast and ghee
Patent Number: CN101461392-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

79.    Preparation of frozen oat dough for preparing oat leisure food, by melting ghee, stirring with granulated sugar, adding egg, water, whole oat powder, milk powder, baking powder, xanthan gum and Artemisia glue, filling in die and freezing
Patent Number: CN101564129-A; CN101564129-B
Patent Assignee: UNIV JIANGNAN

80.    Antistaphylococcal MRSA, antistreptococcal, anti-Propionibacterium acnes, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic properties of ghee and Centratherum anthelminticum
Shah, E.; Tuohy, K. - JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 61   Pages: A137-A138   Meeting Abstract: 186   Published: 2009

81.    Ghee making machine has swiveling arm wheel whose one end is connected to connecting rods and other end is connected to oil stirring units
Patent Number: CN201243592-Y
Patent Assignee: AIERDAWUTI

82.    Milk wine production comprises heating filtered fresh milk, fermenting, heating acidified milk, stirring, extracting yellow ghee deposited on upper layer, repeatedly steaming and condensing acidified milk to obtain mellow milk wine
Patent Number: CN101463308-A
Patent Assignee: BAYIN GUOLENG MENGGU AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE DONGGUI HISTORY C

83.    Process for preparation of improved variety of ghee having herbal properties
Patent Number: IN189755-B
Patent Assignee: BATRA R

84.    Multi-purpose burning assistant - comprises cleaning naphtha, kerosene, ghee, citronella and essence oil
Patent Number: TW200500455-A
Patent Assignee: CHEN H

85.    Functional bread added with dietary fiber and condensed juice of apple and its preparation method comprise flour, edible sugar, yeast, salt, dietary fiber of apple, butter, water, ghee, egg and condensed juice of apple
Patent Number: CN101564054-A; CN101564054-B
Patent Assignee: UNIV SHANXI; UNIV SHANXI NORMAL

86.    Process for preparation of herbal ghee involves standardizing and pasteurizing cow cream, cooling, incubating, adding Arjuna powder, skimmed milk and water to ripened cream, clarifing, filtering, and crystallizing
Patent Number: IN200700640-I1
Patent Assignee: INDIAN COUNCIL AGRIC RES

87.    Medicinal food for treating calcium loss in bones, comprises turtle, fossilia spiriferis, carrots, gingers, raw and dry rehmannia root, deerhorn glue, semen plantaginis, welsh-onion stalk, cow ghee, ginseng and radix trichosanthes
Patent Number: CN101380104-A
Patent Assignee: LI S

88.    Herbal tablet used for purifying blood, has Jiang huang, Rou dou kou, Cinnamomum camphora, Commiphora wigtii, Azadirachta indica, Swertia chirata, Tinospora Cordifolia, Ocimum senctum linn, Gau Mutra, cow's ghee and Rubia Cordifolia
Patent Number: IN200702469-I3
Patent Assignee: PARIKH B M

89.    Method for preparing cooked chicken roll involves removing skin, separating meat from bones of broiler carcass, mincing meat, addind garlic ginger paste, decontaminated spices, powdered roasted gram, vegetable ghee and black pepper
Patent Number: IN188420-B
Patent Assignee: SACHDEV A K

90.    Sugar-free egg roll comprises egg, sugar-free modifier including xylitol, weak strength flour, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, sugar-free milk powder, butter, and anhydrous ghee
Patent Number: CN101461403-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

91.    Sugar-free coconut ball comprises egg, sugar-free modifier, sugar-free milk powder, salt, shredded coconut, ghee, flavored milk powder and pigment yellow
Patent Number: CN101461437-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

92.    Sugar-free almond paste comprises anhydrous ghee, sugar-free modifier, white oil, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, weak strength flour, almond powder, and almond
Patent Number: CN101461408-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

93.    Chocolate lady finger contains preset amount of anhydrous butter, anhydrous ghee, sugar-free modifier, egg, medium strength flour, milk incense powder, sugar-free milk powder, sodium bicarbonate, chocolate powder and yellow pigment
Patent Number: CN101461404-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

94.    Sugarless nutrient bread comprises macro-gluten flour, low macro-gluten flour, anhydrous ghee, sugarless modifier, sugarless milk powder, egg, bread modifier, yeast, tomato juice, and salt
Patent Number: CN101461393-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN JINSHI MEDICINE MAKING CO LTD

95.    Sugar-free pineapple peel comprises ghee, sugar-free modifier, egg, strong flour, emulsible oil and milk powder
Patent Number: CN101461396-A
Patent Assignee: TIANJIN PACIFIC PHARM CO LTD

96.    Solidified oil instant deepam contains castor oil, ghee, gingelly oil and illupai oil and pungan oil, and forms paste which will not leak out like other oil where oil paste is made separately using oils without combination
Patent Number: IN200602214-I4
Patent Assignee: THAMOTHREN A S

97.    Gong Ting walnut cake, has specific parts of semolina, oil, sweetening agent, eggs and raising agent, where oil is salad oil, butter or ghee and sweetening agent is white granulated sugar, soft sugar or both
Patent Number: CN101530117-A
Patent Assignee: CHANGZHOU XINCAN FOODS CO LTD

98.    Histological evaluation of Curcuma longa-ghee formulation and hyaluronic acid on gingival healing in dog
Habiboallah, Ghanbari; Nasroallah, Saghravanian; Mahdi, Zakery; et al. - JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 120   Issue: 3   Pages: 335-341   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.011   Published: DEC 8 2008

99.    Influence of conjugated linoleic acid enriched ghee feeding on cancer incidence and histopathological changes in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in rats
Chinnadurai, Kathirvelan; Tyagi, Amrish Kumar; Krishnamoorthy, Paramanandhan - Veterinarski Arhiv  Volume: 78   Issue: 6   Pages: 511-520   Published: NOV-DEC 2008

100.    Some chemical and microbiological properties of ghee produced in Eastern Anatolia
Kirazci, Aysegul; Javidipour, Issa - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 61   Issue: 3   Pages: 300-306   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00402.x   Published: AUG 2008

101.    Lipoid Pneumonia Following Aspiration of Ghee (animal fat) in an Omani Infant.
Al-Kindi, Hussein; Abdoani, Raghad; El-Iraqi, Mayad; et al. - Oman medical journal  Volume: 23   Issue: 2   Pages: 108-11   Published: 2008-Apr

102.    Puff canned with ice cream, and puff comprises semolina, water, ghee, natron and egg
Patent Number: CN101091508-A
Patent Assignee: SHENZHEN HAICHUAN FOODS TECHNOLOGY CO LTD; SHENZHEN HAICHUAN IND CO LTD; SHENZHEN HAICHUAN SHIYE CO LTD

103.    Manufacture of green bean cake by eliminating impurity in green bean, washing, dewatering and drying, crushing, adding water, oil, salt, sodium bicarbonate, ghee and essence of chicken, shaping, baking, cooling, vacuum packing and storing
Patent Number: CN101147502-A; CN101147502-B
Patent Assignee: ZHENJIANG JIANGGUAN FOOD SCI & TECHNOLOGY CO LTD; ZHENJIANG JIANGGUAN FOODS TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

104.    Wood-frame ethnologic art street lamp, is composed of lamp post, classics cylinder, ghee lamp, and old pendant lamp, and lighting lamp, is like ghee lamp in Mongolia and Tibetan, and is fixed on top of lamp post
Patent Number: CN2918998-Y
Patent Assignee: SICHUAN FANGYUAN SHENGLE LAMPS MFR CO LTD

105.    Ghee for preparing ghee tea, contains preset amount of edible vegetable oil, raw milk and edible spice
Patent Number: CN101107947-A
Patent Assignee: FENG G

106.    High temperature resistant fire-proof disposable ghee lamp, has wick and ghee placed in ghee container, and screw placed in connecting piece, where ghee container and ghee lamp holder are connected via connecting piece
Patent Number: CN201145141-Y
Patent Assignee: FENG L

107.    Preparing yak cheese, by heating fresh yak milk, separating heated yak milk, obtaining ghee from milk, separating watery yak milk, adding hametz and renne into milk, obtaining cheese blocks, and packing brine marinated cheese
Patent Number: CN101171942-A; CN101171942-B
Patent Assignee: JIMEI J; JI M

108.    Fire-resistant and flameproof disposable lotus flower ghee lamp, has bolt passing through ghee container and ghee lamp holder set in connection piece made of fire-resistant material, and lotus flower pattern layer set on ghee lamp holder
Patent Number: CN201137818-Y
Patent Assignee: LIU Y

109.    Method of preparing kelp biscuit useful for treating diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia, involves using deodorized kelp powder, flour, ghee, saleratus, and carrot powder
Patent Number: CN101209065-A
Patent Assignee: LOU F

110.    Preparation of pharmaceutical cream involves mixing oil, water phase of ghee, coconut, seasame oil, Centratherum anthelminticum, heating at specific temperature, adding Cassia tora/Melia azadirachta freeze dried water extract, rose
Patent Number: GB2441599-A; GB2441599-B
Patent Assignee: SHAH E M

111.    Electric ghee-extracting machine has retaining plate which is equipped at inner sidewall of milk barrel whose upper side contains milk liquid
Patent Number: CN201075971-Y
Patent Assignee: WAN M

112.    Zhuangyuan cake preparation method, involves baking, filling and shaping, and molding ingredients that are made of raw material, ghee, fillings and formulated liquid
Patent Number: CN101057598-A
Patent Assignee: XIANG S

113.    AGFD 125-Analysis of aroma components of Tibet Ghee by GC-MS
Shi, Yan; Zheng, Weiwan; Xiong, Hua; et al. - ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 234   Meeting Abstract: 125-AGFD   Published: AUG 19 2007

114.    Estimation of residual nickel and some heavy metals in vanaspati ghee
Khan, Hizbullah; Fida, Mohammad; Mohammadzai, Imdad Ullah; et al. - JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 54   Issue: 3   Pages: 737-741   Published: JUN 2007

115.    Freezed corn dough production method, involves dissolving hemicellulase in water, activating constant temperature culture box, mixing ghee, sugar, egg and water, stirring, molding and quick freezing
Patent Number: CN1836523-A; CN100415102-C
Patent Assignee: UNIV SOUTHERN YANGTZE; UNIV JIANGNAN

116.    Zanba food preparing method, involves highland barley flour, ghee and cheese and Zanba food suitable for adult including middle-aged people and old people
Patent Number: CN1864529-A; CN100484412-C
Patent Assignee: SANG M

117.    微波消解-原子吸收法测定酥油粉中微量元素

118.    Determination of Trace Elements of Ghee Power by Microwave Digestion-atomic Absorption Spectrometry
石燕; 郑为完; 熊华
SHI Yan; ZHENG Weiwan; XIONG Hua - 食品科学  Volume: 28   Issue: 10   Pages: 440-442   Article Number: 1002-6630(2007)28:10<440:wbxjyz>2.0.TX;2-T   Published: 2007 - Food Science  Volume: 28   Issue: 10   Pages: 440-442   Article Number: 1002-6630(2007)28:10<440:wbxjyz>2.0.TX;2-T   Published: 2007

119.    Process to prepare ready to eat dry paan mix involves selecting variety of good quality raw ingredients, weighing required quantity of ingredients, and mixing of arcca nut powder with ghee
Patent Number: IN200200393-I4
Patent Assignee: RAMDAS B L

120.    Ginger munch and its preparation, involves frying of almonds, cleaning and dekernelling dates in ghee and powdering separately, preparing syrup of jiggery, and stirring while heating given mixture
Patent Number: IN200500909-I1
Patent Assignee: INDIA MIN DEFENCE RES & DEV

121.    Preparation method of wine involves melting honey and ghee, adding wine, mixing uniformly, adding other three medicines, filling into porcelain jar, sealing, and soaking
Patent Number: CN1958774-A
Patent Assignee: YOU L

122.    Preliminary study of water mist suppressing ghee flame in historical building in the northwest China
Qin, J.; Weng, W. G. - JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE  Volume: 7   Issue: 4   Pages: 329-333   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2006.09.001   Published: OCT-DEC 2006

123.    Evaluation of ghee based formulation for wound healing activity
Prasad, Vure; Dorle, Avinash Kumar - JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 107   Issue: 1   Pages: 38-47   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.02.006   Published: AUG 11 2006

124.    Ragi (Eleusine coracana L.) - a natural antioxidant for ghee (butter oil)
Mehta, Bhavbhuti M. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 41   Supplement: 1   Pages: 86-89   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01348.x   Published: AUG 2006

125.    Method for producing fractions of a milk composition, useful to produce e.g. ghee and butter, comprises treating a milk composition with a phospholipase; and separating into at least two fractions with different fat content
Patent Number: WO2006066590-A1; EP1830657-A1; AU2005318692-A1; IN200702666-P4; CN101106906-A; MX2007007257-A1; US2009285934-A1; NZ555367-A; AU2005318692-B2; MX281278-B; EP2283732-A2; EP1830657-B1; DE602005026569-E; EP2283732-A3; MX294829-B; IN252330-B; US8226995-B2; US2012258198-A1; BR200519491-A2; EP2283732-B1; CN101106906-B; AU2011201332-A1; AU2011201332-B2
Patent Assignee: NOVOZYMES AS; HANSEN AS CHR

126.    西藏酥油香气成分的初步分析

127.    Preliminary Analysis of Aroma Components in Ghee from Xizang
石燕; 郑为完; 熊华; et al.
Shi Yan; Zheng Weiwan; Xiong Hua; et al. - 食品与发酵工业  Volume: 32   Issue: 2   Pages: 90-92   Article Number: 0253-990X(2006)32:2<90:xzsyxq>2.0.TX;2-8   Published: 2006 - Food and Fermentation Industries  Volume: 32   Issue: 2   Pages: 90-92   Article Number: 0253-990X(2006)32:2<90:xzsyxq>2.0.TX;2-8   Published: 2006

128.    酥油等温燃烧化学动力学研究

129.    Chemical Kinetic Study of Ghee Isothermal Combustion
秦俊; 翁文国
Qin Jun; Weng Wenguo - 燃烧科学与技术  Volume: 12   Issue: 2   Pages: 101-104   Article Number: 1006-8740(2006)12:2<101:sydwrs>2.0.TX;2-9   Published: 2006 - Journal of combustion science and technology  Volume: 12   Issue: 2   Pages: 101-104   Article Number: 1006-8740(2006)12:2<101:sydwrs>2.0.TX;2-9   Published: 2006

130.    Cooking oil dispenser, is used for applying oil or ghee while cooking chapatti
Patent Number: IN200401126-I1
Patent Assignee: JAIS R R

131.    Formulation of ready-to-use cheese poori mix involves blending of wheat flour, skim milk powder, cheese, ghee, common salt, red chilly powder, cumin seeds, sodium bi carbonate and malic acid, and controlled tray drying
Patent Number: IN200401984-I1
Patent Assignee: INDIAN COUNCIL AGRIC RES

132.    Effect of chickpea, ghee, sodium chloride, mixing time and resting time on instrumental texture and sensory quality of chapati
Gill, BS; Sodhi, NS; Kaur, M - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 42   Issue: 6   Pages: 481-488   Published: NOV-DEC 2005

133.    Monitoring of butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) for pesticidal contamination from cotton belt of Haryana, India
Kumari, B; Singh, J; Singh, S; et al. - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT  Volume: 105   Issue: 1-3   Pages: 111-120   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-3159-2   Published: JUN 2005

134.    Serum lipid response to introducing ghee as a partial replacement for mustard oil in the diet of healthy young Indians.
Shankar, S Ravi; Yadav, R K; Ray, Rooma Basu; et al. - Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology  Volume: 49   Issue: 1   Pages: 49-56   Published: 2005-Jan

135.    Herbal candy preparation process involves boiling amla berries in decoction of herbs, separating pulp, frying amla pulp in ghee, straining herbal decoction and making into syrup by addition of sugar to fried amla pulp
Patent Number: IN200400035-I1; IN210880-B
Patent Assignee: BALI S

136.    Preservation of ghee in pharmaceutical, ayurvedic, and neutraceutical formulations
Patent Number: IN200201118-I3; IN196260-B
Patent Assignee: DORLE A K; BIYANI D M; FULZELE S V; SATTURWAR P M; MADHUKAR P D; GOSREY C V; ACHLIYA G S; MEGHRE V S

137.    Process for the preparation of GHEE KI GAD (Berry)
Patent Number: IN200300456-I3; IN196122-B
Patent Assignee: JOSHI H K

138.    Distribution of heavy toxic metals in industrial effluents and relevant soils from selected oil and ghee industries in hattar
Manzoor, S; Shah, MH; Shaheen, N; et al. - JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN  Volume: 26   Issue: 4   Pages: 429-435   Published: DEC 2004

139.    Electrolytic recovery of nickel from industrial hydrogenated vegetable oil (ghee) waste
Sirajuddin; Kakakhel, L; Lutfullah, G; et al. - ACTA CHIMICA SLOVENICA  Volume: 51   Issue: 4   Pages: 793-798   Published: 2004

140.    Effect of sucrose polyesters on crystallization rate of vegetable ghee: solid fat content study
Nasir, MI - GRASAS Y ACEITES  Volume: 54   Issue: 4   Pages: 339-342   Published: OCT-DEC 2003

141.    Extraction of antioxygenic principles from Tulsi leaves and their effects on oxidative stability of ghee
Merai, M; Boghra, VR; Sharma, RS - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 40   Issue: 1   Pages: 52-57   Published: JAN-FEB 2003

142.    Effect of starter culture and temperature of clarification on the total conjugated linoleic acid of deshi ghee
Bector, BS; Sharma, V; Rai, T - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 40   Issue: 1   Pages: 74-75   Published: JAN-FEB 2003

143.    Evaluation of volatile compounds in different types of Ghee using headspace with GC/MS.
Wadodkar, U. R.; Punjrath, J. S.; Shah, A. C.; et al. - Milchwissenschaft  Volume: 58   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 32-39   Published: 2003

144.    Evaluation of volatile compounds in different types of Ghee using headspace with GC/MS
Wadodkar, UR; Punjrath, JS; Shah, AC; et al. - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 58   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 37-39   Published: 2003

145.    Making honey butter involves mixing water with dextrose, stabilizer, adding tempered ghee and heating, adding liquid and creamed honey, and blending mixture
Patent Number: US2003175406-A1; CA2376708-A1
Patent Assignee: VILLING M

146.    Effect of partial replacement of visible fat by ghee (clarified butter) on serum lipid profile.
Shankar, S. Ravi; Bijlani, R. L.; Baveja, Tarun; et al. - Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology  Volume: 46   Issue: 3   Pages: 355-360   Published: July 2002

147.    Evaluation of volatile compounds in different types of ghee using direct injection with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Wadodkar, UR; Punjrath, JS; Shah, AC - JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH  Volume: 69   Issue: 1   Pages: 163-171   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022029901005350   Published: FEB 2002

148.    Head space analysis of volatile compounds from buffalo and ewe's Samna (Ghee) and butter oil
Alonso, L; Juarez, M; Abd Rabou, NS; et al. - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 57   Issue: 2   Pages: 76-78   Published: 2002

149.    Effect of dietary ghee - the anhydrous milk fat on lymphocytes in rats
Niranjan, TG; Krishnakantha, TP - MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 226   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 39-47   Published: 2001

150.    Effect of ghee and butter on lipid kinetics and platelet aggregation in normal volunteers
Sawant, D. S.; Bhat, R.; Rege, N. N.; et al. - Indian Journal of Pharmacology  Volume: 33   Issue: 4   Pages: 308   Published: August, 2001

151.    Effect of sucrose polyesters and sucrose polyester-lecithins on crystallization rate of vegetable ghee
Nasir, MI - CRYSTALLIZATION AND SOLIDIFICATION PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS  Pages: 87-95   Published: 2001

152.    Lighting lamps of ghee: Inscriptions and the reconstruction of medieval Hinduism
Davis, RH - RELIGIOUS TEXTS AND MATERIAL CONTEXTS  Book Series: STUDIES IN JUDAISM   Pages: 219-243   Published: 2001

153.    Response to Richard Davis' "Lighting Lamps of Ghee: Inscriptions and the reconstruction of medieval Hinduism"
Easton-Waller, B - RELIGIOUS TEXTS AND MATERIAL CONTEXTS  Book Series: STUDIES IN JUDAISM   Pages: 245-248   Published: 2001

154.    Heroic images of Ming loyalists: A study of the spirit tablets of the Ghee Hin Kongsi leaders in Singapore.
Carstens, SA - JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES  Volume: 31   Issue: 2   Pages: 443-444   Published: SEP 2000

155.    Effect of ghee feeding on rat platelets
Niranjan, TG; Krishnakantha, TP - NUTRITION RESEARCH  Volume: 20   Issue: 8   Pages: 1125-1138   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00197-4   Published: AUG 2000

156.    Fatty acid composition analysis of butter fat and pure ghee (buffalo) by C13 FT NMR spectroscopy and developing a formula for their quantitative estimation
Ali, S. Shaukat; Khanzada, A. W. K. - Scientific Khyber  Volume: 13   Issue: 2   Pages: 101-105   Published: July, 2000

157.    Effect of antioxidant principles isolated from mango (Mangifera indica L) seed kernels on oxidative stability of buffalo ghee (butter-fat)
Puravankara, D; Boghra, V; Sharma, RS - JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 80   Issue: 4   Pages: 522-526   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(200003)80:4<522::aid-jsfa560>3.0.CO;2-R   Published: MAR 2000

158.    Hypocholesterolemic effect of anhydrous milk fat ghee is mediated by increasing the secretion of biliary lipids
Kumar, MV; Sambaiah, K; Lokesh, BR - JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 11   Issue: 2   Pages: 69-75   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(99)00072-8   Published: FEB 2000

159.    Effect of antioxidant principles isolated from mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernels on oxidative stability of ghee (butter fat)
Dinesh, P; Boghra, VR; Sharma, RS - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 37   Issue: 1   Pages: 6-10   Published: JAN-FEB 2000

160.    In vitro effect of some vegetable oils and pure ghee on spore germination of some dermatophytes
Sharma, Meenakshi; Jain, Neetu - Journal of Phytological Research  Volume: 13   Issue: 2   Pages: 201-202   Published: 2000

161.    Membrane changes in rat erythrocyte ghosts on ghee feeding
Niranjan, TG; Krishnakantha, TP - MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 204   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 57-63   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007046931427   Published: JAN 2000

162.    Neonatal tetanus associated with topical umbilical ghee: covert role of cow dung
Bennett, J; Ma, C; Traverso, H; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY  Volume: 28   Issue: 6   Pages: 1172-1175   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/28.6.1172   Published: DEC 1999

163.    Influence of unsaponifiable matter from ghee on lymphocyte proliferation and erythrocyte fragility in rats
Niranjan, TG; Vijaykumar, M; Lokesh, BR; et al. - NUTRITION RESEARCH  Volume: 19   Issue: 11   Pages: 1671-1682   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00123-2   Published: NOV 1999

164.    The anhydrous milk fat, ghee, lowers serum prostaglandins and secretion of leukotrienes by rat peritoneal macrophages
Kumar, MV; Sambaiah, K; Lokesh, BR - PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS  Volume: 61   Issue: 4   Pages: 249-254   Published: OCT 1999

165.    The anhydrous milk fat, ghee, lowers serum prostaglandins and secretion of leukotrienes by rat peritoneal macrophages.
Vijaya Kumar, M; Sambaiah, K; Lokesh, B R - Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids  Volume: 61   Issue: 4   Pages: 249-54   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/plef.1999.0097   Published: 1999-Oct

166.    Current status of nickel contamination of local vegetable ghee
Yaqub, Sadaf; Jaffar, M.; Masud, Khalid - Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research  Volume: 42   Issue: 3   Pages: 126-129   Published: June, 1999

167.    Physico-chemical studies of effluents and emissions of Ghee/Edible Oil Industries in Pakistan
Ahmad, Irshad; Ali, Saqib; Rasool Jan, M. - Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research  Volume: 42   Issue: 3   Pages: 121-125   Published: June, 1999

168.    Effect of dietary ghee - the anhydrous milk fat, on blood and liver lipids in rats
Kumar, MV; Sambaiah, K; Lokesh, BR - JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 10   Issue: 2   Pages: 96-104   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00088-6   Published: FEB 1999

169.    A 'Gigolo's Ghee Gilded William'
Clark, J - CHICAGO REVIEW  Volume: 45   Issue: 2   Pages: 19-23   Published: 1999

170.    A review paper: Current knowledge of ghee and related products
Sserunjogi, ML; Abrahamsen, RK; Narvhus, J - INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL  Volume: 8   Issue: 8   Pages: 677-688   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00106-X   Published: AUG 1998

171.    Determination of free sterol content of various brands of eggs, ghee/oils, using immobilized enzyme column in a flow system
Anwar, M; MasoomYasinzai, M - JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN  Volume: 19   Issue: 1   Pages: 31-33   Published: MAR 1997

172.    Association of dietary ghee intake with coronary heart disease and risk factor prevalence in rural males.
Gupta, R; Prakash, H - Journal of the Indian Medical Association  Volume: 95   Issue: 3   Pages: 67-9, 83   Published: 1997-Mar

173.    Cosmetic composition for treatment of e.g. eczema and sunburn|comprises ghee, water and sandalwood or rose oil, and optionally e.g. antiinflammatory, antihistaminic and antifungal agents
Patent Number: GB2309902-A; GB2309902-B
Patent Assignee: SHAH E

174.    Antioxygenic activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa] in sunflower oil and ghee
Semwal, AD; Sharma, GK; Arya, SS - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 34   Issue: 1   Pages: 67-69   Published: JAN-FEB 1997

175.    Association of trans fatty acids (vegetable ghee) and clarified butter (Indian ghee) intake with higher risk of coronary artery disease in rural and urban populations with low fat consumption
Singh, RB; Niaz, MA; Ghosh, S; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY  Volume: 56   Issue: 3   Pages: 289-298   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5273(96)02760-X   Published: OCT 25 1996

176.    Effect of deep-frying on cholesterol oxidation in Ghee
Nath, BS; Usha, MA; Murthy, MKR - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 33   Issue: 5   Pages: 425-426   Published: SEP-OCT 1996

177.    FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON GHEE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NEONATAL TETANUS
BENNETT, J; AZHAR, N; RAHIM, F; et al. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY  Volume: 24   Issue: 3   Pages: 643-647   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/24.3.643   Published: JUN 1995

178.    REACTION OF HUMAN LUNGS TO ASPIRATED ANIMAL FAT (GHEE) - A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
ANNOBIL, SH; MORAD, NA; KHURANA, P; et al. - VIRCHOWS ARCHIV-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY  Volume: 426   Issue: 3   Pages: 301-305   Published: APR 1995

179.    Effect of Ghee (butter oil) residue and additives on physical and sensory characteristics of cookies
Bajwa, Usha; Kaur, Amarjit - Chemie Mikrobiologie Technologie der Lebensmittel  Volume: 17   Issue: 5-6   Pages: 151-155   Published: 1995

180.    RECOMBINED MILK PREPARED WITH GHEE IN COMPARISON TO BUTTER-OIL .1. RECONSTITUTION
SAPRA, RK; BINDAL, MP - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 64   Issue: 7   Pages: 770-773   Published: JUL 1994

181.    Effects of dietary butter oil, ghee, corn oil, or safflower oil on blood serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in rats
Crosser, A. E.; Mistry, V. V.; Dwivedi, C. - Journal of Dairy Science  Volume: 77   Issue: SUPPL. 1   Pages: 12   Published: 1994

182.    COMPOSITION OF GHEE (SAMN-BARRIS) FROM COWS AND SHEEPS MILK
ALKHALIFAH, A; ALKAHTANI, H - FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 46   Issue: 4   Pages: 373-375   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(93)90007-3   Published: 1993

183.    THERMAL-STABILITY OF TERTIARY BUTYL HYDROQUINONE (TBHQ) IN GHEE
KUMAR, R; LAL, D - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 62   Issue: 8   Pages: 768-771   Published: AUG 1992

184.    A COMMON PRACTICE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICATION WITH OIL AND OR GHEE, AS FOLK MEDICINE IN CHILDREN OF SOUTHERN SAUDI-ARABIA
GUPTA, M; CHOWDHURY, MSA - SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL  Volume: 13   Issue: 2   Pages: 106-108   Published: MAR 1992

185.    EFFECT OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON THE OXIDATION OF CHOLESTEROL IN GHEE
KUMAR, N; SINGHAL, OP - JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 58   Issue: 2   Pages: 267-273   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740580216   Published: 1992

186.    Epidemic dropsy in Andhra Pradesh due to contaminated ghee.
Narasimhan, C; T, J G; Thomas, G; et al. - The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India  Volume: 39   Issue: 10   Pages: 749-50   Published: 1991-Oct

187.    BENEFICIAL GHEE
SARKAR, G - NATURE  Volume: 352   Issue: 6337   Pages: 673-673   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352673a0   Published: AUG 22 1991

188.    NUTRITIVE VALUES AND UTILIZATION OF GHEE RESIDUE IN BROILER DIETS
REDDY, SR; REDDY, VR; RAO, PV; et al. - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 61   Issue: 5   Pages: 543-545   Published: MAY 1991

189.    BENEFICIAL-EFFECTS OF GHEE
ANEJA, RP; MURTHI, TN - NATURE  Volume: 350   Issue: 6316   Pages: 280-280   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350280a0   Published: MAR 28 1991

190.    LIPOID PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING ASPIRATION OF ANIMAL FAT (GHEE)
ANNOBIL, SH; BENJAMIN, B; KAMESWARAN, M; et al. - ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS  Volume: 11   Issue: 1   Pages: 87-94   Published: 1991

191.    COMPARATIVE KEEPING QUALITIES OF SYNTHETICALLY FLAVORED BUTTER OIL, BUTTER OIL AND GHEE
WADHWA, BK; JAIN, MK - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION  Volume: 14   Issue: 4   Pages: 301-307   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1990.tb00135.x   Published: AUG 1990

192.    ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN DIFFERENT INDIAN CEREALS, PULSES, SPICES, VEGETABLES, FRUITS, MILK, BUTTER, DESHI GHEE, AND EDIBLE OILS
KAPHALIA, BS; TAKROO, R; MEHROTRA, S; et al. - JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS  Volume: 73   Issue: 4   Pages: 509-512   Published: JUL-AUG 1990

193.    STUDIES ON SHELF-LIFE AND UTILIZATION OF GHEE RESIDUE
SUBBULAKSHMI, G; PERIWAL, S; RANI, PJ - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 27   Issue: 3   Pages: 165-166   Published: MAY-JUN 1990

194.    EFFECT OF MANGO (MANGIFERA-INDICA L) SEED KERNELS PRE-EXTRACT ON THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF GHEE
PARMAR, SS; SHARMA, RS - FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 35   Issue: 2   Pages: 99-107   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(90)90024-X   Published: 1990

195.    STABILITY OF BUTYLATED HYDROXY TOLUENE (BHT) AND BUTYLATED HYDROXY ANISOLE (BHA) DURING CLARIFICATION OF BUTTER INTO GHEE AND ITS SUBSEQUENT STORAGE
SREE, PS; LAL, D - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 60   Issue: 1   Pages: 86-89   Published: JAN 1990

196.    CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE-VALUE OF GHEE RESIDUE FOR CHICKENS
ARUMUGAM, MP; VEDHANAYAGAM, K; DORAISAMY, KA; et al. - ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 26   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 119-128   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(89)90011-4   Published: OCT 1989

197.    USE OF GHEE DURING DELIVERY
MURTHY, GVS; VISALAKSHI, P - LANCET  Volume: 2   Issue: 8654   Pages: 109-110   Published: JUL 8 1989

198.    GHEE APPLICATIONS TO THE UMBILICAL-CORD - A RISK FACTOR FOR NEONATAL TETANUS
TRAVERSO, HP; KAHN, AJ; RAHIM, H; et al. - LANCET  Volume: 1   Issue: 8636   Pages: 486-488   Published: MAR 4 1989

199.    CHOLESTEROL IN INDIAN GHEE
NATH, BS; MURTHY, MKR - LANCET  Volume: 2   Issue: 8601   Pages: 39-39   Published: JUL 2 1988

200.    Ghee, cholesterol, and heart disease.
[Anonymous] - Lancet  Volume: 2   Issue: 8568   Pages: 1144-5   Published: 1987-Nov-14

201.    GHEE, CHOLESTEROL, AND HEART-DISEASE
DAS, UN - LANCET  Volume: 2   Issue: 8568   Pages: 1145-1145   Published: NOV 14 1987

202.    GHEE, CHOLESTEROL, AND HEART-DISEASE
RAHEJA, BS - LANCET  Volume: 2   Issue: 8568   Pages: 1144-1144   Published: NOV 14 1987

203.    APPLICATION OF GARCINOL AS A COLORANT FOR BUTTER AND GHEE AND METHOD OF ITS ESTIMATION
KRISHNAMURTHY, N; SAMPATHU, SR - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 24   Issue: 6   Pages: 312-313   Published: NOV-DEC 1987

204.    CHOLESTEROL, GHEE, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
PETERSON, D - LANCET  Volume: 2   Issue: 8565   Pages: 970-970   Published: OCT 24 1987

205.    CHOLESTEROL OXIDES IN INDIAN GHEE - POSSIBLE CAUSE OF UNEXPLAINED HIGH-RISK OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN INDIAN IMMIGRANT POPULATIONS
JACOBSON, MS - LANCET  Volume: 2   Issue: 8560   Pages: 656-658   Published: SEP 19 1987

206.    EFFECT OF BLENDING GOAT AND BUFFALO MILK ON SHELF-LIFE OF GHEE
ARORA, KL; SINGH, S - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 24   Issue: 3   Pages: 126-131   Published: MAY-JUN 1987

207.    STANDARDIZATION OF A METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION OF FREE FATTY-ACIDS FROM GHEE
CHANDER, N; BINDAL, MP - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 57   Issue: 4   Pages: 310-316   Published: APR 1987

208.    COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF GHEE IN TIN AND POLYETHYLENE PACKAGES DURING STORAGE
CHAUHAN, P; WADHWA, BK - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION  Volume: 11   Issue: 1   Pages: 25-30   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1987.tb00033.x   Published: MAR 1987

209.    SOME TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CASEIN AND GHEE PREPARED FROM SPOILT MILK
ARORA, N; KANSAL, VK - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 23   Issue: 4   Pages: 213-216   Published: JUL-AUG 1986

210.    INFLUENCE OF LACTIC BACTERIA CELLS ON THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF GHEE
CHAND, R; KUMAR, SS; SRINIVASAN, RA; et al. - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 41   Issue: 6   Pages: 335-336   Published: JUN 1986

211.    UNSAPONIFIABLE CONSTITUENTS OF GHEE AS AFFECTED BY INTERMITTENT FRYING
RAI, T; NARAYANAN, KM - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 56   Issue: 5   Pages: 610-611   Published: MAY 1986

212.    STUDIES ON PRODUCTION OF A GHEE-LIKE PRODUCT FROM VEGETABLE FATS
ISKANDER, MH; SHALABI, SI - JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 21   Issue: 1   Pages: 89-94   Published: FEB 1986

213.    EFFECT OF RIPENING CREAM WITH STREPTOCOCCUS-LACTIS SUBSP DIACETILACTIS ON THE FLAVOR OF GHEE (CLARIFIED BUTTERFAT)
YADAV, JS; SRINIVASAN, RA - JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH  Volume: 52   Issue: 4   Pages: 547-553   Published: 1985

214.    SIMULATION OF GHEE FLAVOR IN BUTTER OIL WITH SYNTHETIC FLAVORING COMPOUNDS
WADHWA, BK; JAIN, MK - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 22   Issue: 1   Pages: 24-27   Published: 1985

215.    BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR PREPARING GHEE (CLARIFIED BUTTERFAT) WITH IMPROVED FLAVOR USING A STARTER CULTURE
YADAV, JS; SRINIVASAN, RA - NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 20   Issue: 1   Pages: 29-34   Published: 1985

216.    EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GHEE MANUFACTURING EFFLUENT ON SOIL AND CROP PLANTS
AJMAL, M; KHAN, AU - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION SERIES A-ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL  Volume: 34   Issue: 4   Pages: 367-379   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(84)90114-4   Published: 1984

217.    PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GHEE AND BUTTER FROM GOATS AND SHEEPS MILK
SAWAYA, WN; KHAN, P; ALSHALHAT, AF - FOOD CHEMISTRY  Volume: 14   Issue: 3   Pages: 227-232   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(84)90061-X   Published: 1984

218.    STANDARDIZATION OF A METHOD FOR TRANSFER OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM GHEE-RESIDUE TO GHEE
LAL, D; RAI, T; SANTHA, IM; et al. - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 54   Issue: 1   Pages: 29-32   Published: 1984

219.    CHLORINATED PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN DESI GHEE
LATA, S; SIDDIQUI, MKJ; SETH, TD - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 21   Issue: 2   Pages: 94-95   Published: 1984

220.    EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT FRYING ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONSTANTS OF GHEE AND REFINED GROUNDNUT OIL
RAI, T; NARAYANAN, KM - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 21   Issue: 6   Pages: 400-402   Published: 1984

221.    RESIDUES OF DDT AND HCH IN BUTTER AND GHEE IN INDIA 1978-1981
KALRA, RL; CHAWLA, RP; SHARMA, ML; et al. - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL  Volume: 6   Issue: 3   Pages: 195-206   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(83)90034-4   Published: 1983

222.    USE OF TOMATO SEED POWDER AS AN ANTIOXIDANT IN BUTTER AND GHEE
GULERIA, SPS; VASUDEVAN, P; MADHOK, KL; et al. - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 20   Issue: 2   Pages: 79-80   Published: 1983

223.    APPLICATION OF SCRAPED SURFACE HEAT-EXCHANGER FOR MAKING GHEE
KOHLI, RK; SARMA, SC - TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE  Volume: 26   Issue: 4   Pages: 1271-1274   Published: 1983

224.    DETECTION OF PHULWARA BUTTER (MADHUCA-BUTYRACEA) IN GHEE BY TLC
SENGUPTA, P; SIL, S - JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS  Volume: 21   Issue: MAR   Pages: 15-18   Published: 1983

225.    USE OF UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER FOR DETECTION OF GHEE ADULTERATION WITH OTHER FATS
FARAG, RS; AHMED, FA; SHIHATA, AA; et al. - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY  Volume: 59   Issue: 12   Pages: 557-560   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02636323   Published: 1982

226.    USE OF UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER FOR DETECTION OF GHEE ADULTERATION WITH OTHER FATS
FARAG, RS; AHMED, FA; SHIHATA, AA; et al. - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY  Volume: 59   Issue: 4   Pages: A303-A303   Published: 1982

227.    MANUFACTURING OF GHEE UTILIZING SUBSTANDARD, MARKET REJECT MILKS AND WHEY BUTTER AND BUTTER, USING INEXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT - DOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKET POTENTIAL OF GHEE
PATEL, IR; THOMPSON, DH - CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL-JOURNAL DE L INSTITUT CANADIEN DE SCIENCE ET TECHNOLOGIE ALIMENTAIRES  Volume: 15   Issue: 3   Pages: R19-R19   Published: 1982

228.    A COMPARISON OF SEED PHOSPHATIDES AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS AS ANTIOXIDANTS FOR COW AND BUFFALO GHEE (BUTTER FAT)
KAUR, N; SUKHIJA, PS; BHATIA, IS - JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 33   Issue: 6   Pages: 576-578   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740330613   Published: 1982

229.    GHEE - A RESUME OF RECENT RESEARCHES
SHARMA, RS - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 18   Issue: 2   Pages: 70-77   Published: 1981

230.    SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF CHEURI (MADHUCA-BUTYRACEA) FAT AND GHEE MIXTURES .1.
JHA, JS - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY  Volume: 58   Issue: 9   Pages: 843-845   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02672954   Published: 1981

231.    THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF NICKEL ION IN THE DETECTION OF VANASPATI AS AN ADULTERANT IN GHEE
BARUAH, AB; CHAKRAVORTY, KL - ANALYST  Volume: 105   Issue: 1256   Pages: 1120-1123   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9800501120   Published: 1980

232.    NOTE ON THE STABILITY OF BUTYLATED HYDROXY ANISOLE IN BUTTER DURING CONVERSION INTO GHEE AND SUBSEQUENT STORAGE
LAL, D; NARAYANAN, KM - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 50   Issue: 1   Pages: 82-83   Published: 1980

233.    EFFECT OF RIPENING CREAM WITH SELECTED LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA ON THE QUALITY OF GHEE
JOSEPH, AM; APPACHAR, SR - JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH  Volume: 47   Issue: 3   Pages: 411-415   Published: 1980

234.    DETECTION OF GOAT BODY-FAT IN GHEE BY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL-ANALYSIS
LAMBELET, P; SINGHAL, OP; GANGULI, NC - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY  Volume: 57   Issue: 10   Pages: 364-366   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02662061   Published: 1980

235.    VARIATIONS IN LACTONE PROFILES OF GHEE PREPARED FROM MILKS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
WADHWA, B; BINDAL, MP; JAIN, MK - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 35   Issue: 6   Pages: 355-355   Published: 1980

236.    STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF GHEE-RESIDUE
SANTHA, IM; NARAYANAN, KM - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 49   Issue: 1   Pages: 37-41   Published: 1979

237.    ANTI-OXIDATIVE ROLE OF CURRY (MURRAYA-KOENIGI) AND BETEL (PIPER-BETEL) LEAVES IN GHEE
PATEL, RS; RAJORHIA, GS - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 16   Issue: 4   Pages: 158-160   Published: 1979

238.    LACTOSE CONTENT AND PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN GHEE RESIDUE OBTAINED FROM DIRECT CONTACT HEAT-EXCHANGE PROCESS
ZAIDI, AH; ABHICHANDANI, H; SHARMA, SC - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 16   Issue: 5   Pages: 217-217   Published: 1979

239.    GRAIN FORMATION IN GHEE (BUTTER FAT) AS RELATED TO STRUCTURE OF TRIGLYCERIDES
ARUMUGHAN, C; NARAYANAN, KM - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 16   Issue: 6   Pages: 242-247   Published: 1979

240.    ROLE OF PHENOLICS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS ANTIOXIDANTS FOR GHEE
GUPTA, S; SUKHIJA, PS; BHATIA, IS - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 34   Issue: 4   Pages: 205-206   Published: 1979

241.    ISOLATION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTONIC COMPONENTS OF COW GHEE
WADHWA, B; BINDAL, MP; JAIN, MK - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 34   Issue: 8   Pages: 481-483   Published: 1979

242.    ROLE OF SEED PHOSPHATIDES AS ANTIOXIDANTS FOR GHEE (BUTTER FAT)
BHATIA, IS; KAUR, N; SUKHIJA, PS - JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE  Volume: 29   Issue: 9   Pages: 747-752   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740290903   Published: 1978

243.    ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF GHEE RESIDUE AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE OF CLARIFICATION AND METHOD OF PREPARATION OF GHEE
SANTHA, IM; NARAYANAN, KM - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 48   Issue: 4   Pages: 266-271   Published: 1978

244.    ROLE OF SEED PHOSPHATIDES AS ANTIOXIDANTS FOR GHEE
KAUR, N; SUKHIJA, PS; BHATIA, IS - INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS  Volume: 15   Issue: 2   Pages: 83-83   Published: 1978

245.    COMPOSITION OF GHEE-RESIDUE
SANTHA, IM; NARAYANAN, KM - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 15   Issue: 1   Pages: 24-27   Published: 1978

246.    INSTANTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE-CONTENT IN GHEE
KAZA, NR; ANEJA, VP - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 15   Issue: 2   Pages: 50-52   Published: 1978

247.    EFFECT OF RIPENING OF CREAM, MANUFACTURING TEMPERATURE AND PACKAGING MATERIALS AND FLAVOR AND KEEPING QUALITY OF GHEE (BUTTER-FAT)
SINGH, S; RAM, BP - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 15   Issue: 4   Pages: 142-145   Published: 1978

248.    PROCESS FEASIBILITY OF GHEE MAKING BY DIRECT CONTACT HEAT-EXCHANGE
ABICHANDANI, H; SARMA, SC - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 15   Issue: 5   Pages: 177-183   Published: 1978

249.    DETECTION OF VEGETABLE-OILS IN GHEE AND VICE VERSA BY REVERSE PHASE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
MATHEW, TV; KAMATH, KS - RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY  Volume: 23   Issue: 3   Pages: 168-169   Published: 1978

250.    DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN-D IN BUTTER AND GHEE BY CHICK BIOASSAY
GORDON, P; SHARMA, K; TAYLOR, TG - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY  Volume: 36   Issue: 1   Pages: A24-A24   Published: 1977

251.    COPPER AND IRON IN GHEE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON OXIDATIVE DETERIORATION
UNNIKRISHNAN, V; RAO, MB - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE  Volume: 14   Issue: 4   Pages: 164-169   Published: 1977

252.    CARBONYL MAKE-UP OF FAT ISOLATED AT VARIOUS STAGES DURING PREPARATION OF GHEE
GABA, KL; JAIN, MK - MILCHWISSENSCHAFT-MILK SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 32   Issue: 10   Pages: 607-608   Published: 1977

253.    CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIVE CHANGES IN GHEE DURING THERMAL-OXIDATION
BECTOR, BS; NARAYANAN, KM - INDIAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS  Volume: 13   Issue: 9   Pages: 296-302   Published: 1976

254.    Canning fish in oil|using solid or semi-solid refined vegetable oil compsn. contg. ghee butter
Patent Number: JP51041467-A
Patent Assignee: MORITA INTERSALE KK

255.    NOTE ON ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DICARBONYLS OF GHEE
GABA, KL; JAIN, MK - INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES  Volume: 45   Issue: 9   Pages: 696-697   Published: 1975

256.    COMPARATIVE STABILITY OF UNSAPONIFIABLE CONSTITUENTS OF GHEE DURING THERMAL OXIDATION
BECTOR, BS; NARAYANAN, KM - INDIAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS  Volume: 12   Issue: 6   Pages: 178-180   Published: 1975

257.    GHEE - ITS CHEMISTRY, PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
GANGULI, NC; JAIN, MK - JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE  Volume: 56   Issue: 1   Pages: 19-25   Published: 1973

258.    ESTIMATION OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL IN GHEE PREPARED FROM MILK OF COWS AND BUFFALOS
BINDAL, MP; JAIN, MK - JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 50   Issue: 1   Pages: 63-65   Published: 1973

259.    DETECTION OF ADULTERATION OF BUTTER FAT (GHEE) BY RANDOM REARRANGEMENT REACTION AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHAKRABA.MM; BHATTACH.D; GAYEN, AK - JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY  Volume: 44   Issue: 1   Pages: 116-&   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92505-1   Published: 1969

260.    CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OFBUTTER AND GHEE
TANNOUS, RI; MERAT, A - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION  Volume: 55   Issue: 3   Pages: 267-&   Published: 1969

261.    DETECTION OF ADULTERATION OF FATS BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TRISATURATED GLYCERIDES .I. DETECTION OF HYDROGENATED GROUNDNUT OIL TALLOW AND MOHUA (MOWRAH) OIL IN BUTTER FAT (GHEE)
CHAKRABA.MM; BANDYOPA.C; BHATTACH.D; et al. - JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY  Volume: 36   Issue: 1   Pages: 84-&   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92913-9   Published: 1968

262.    EFFECTS OF DRENCHING WITH MAGNESIUM CARBONATE SUSPENSION ON BODY WEIGHT + ON MAGNESIUM + CHOLESTEROL CONTENT IN SERUM OF RABBITS RECEIVING BASAL DIET SUPPLEMENTED BY 15 PER CENT GHEE
BHATTACHARYYA, NK; MULLICK, DN - CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 33   Issue: 16   Pages: 490-&   Published: 1964

263.    EFFECTS OF FEEDING GHEE AND DALDA VANASPATI IN RATS .2. ON SERUM AND TISSUE CHOLESTEROL
BHATTACHARYYA, NK; MULLICK, DN; PANDE, PG - INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH  Volume: 50   Issue: 2   Pages: 245-&   Published: 1962

264.    STUDIES ON COMPOSITION OF LIQUID AND SOLID FRACTIONS OF SAME GHEE
MITRA, SN; BOSE, PK - CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 31   Issue: 2   Pages: 62-&   Published: 1962

265.    EFFECTS OF FEEDING GHEE AND DALDA VANASPATI IN RATS .1. EFFECT ON GROWTH RATE AND WEIGHT OF DIFFERENT ORGANS
BHATTACHARYYA, NK; MULLICK, DN - JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH  Volume: C 21   Issue: 1   Pages: 17-&   Published: 1962

266.    Comparative absorption studies of buffalo butter fat (ghee) in alloxan diabetic and ethionine-administered rats.
SACHDEV, J C; SACHDEV, S; SANT, P G - The Indian journal of medical research  Volume: 46   Issue: 1   Pages: 53-6   Published: 1958-Jan

267.    LORENTZ-LORENZ EXPRESSION AS A NEW ANALYTICAL CONSTANT FOR FATS (GHEE) AND OILS .2. GHEE
CHATTERJI, AC; CHANDRA, U - FRESENIUS ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANALYTISCHE CHEMIE  Volume: 156   Issue: 1   Pages: 1-7   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00462512   Published: 1957

268.    LORENTZ-LORENZ EXPRESSION AS A NEW ANALYTICAL CONSTANT FOR FATS (GHEE) AND OILS .1. MUSTARD OIL
CHATTERJI, AC; CHANDRA, U - FRESENIUS ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANALYTISCHE CHEMIE  Volume: 153   Issue: 6   Pages: 418-423   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00457928   Published: 1956

269.    Colouration of hydrogenated fats with chlorophyll to prevent adulteration of ghee.
PUNTAMBEKAR, S V; RAMACHANDRA RAO, P - Current science  Volume: 20   Issue: 3   Pages: 68   Published: 1951-Mar

270.    Estimation of peroxides in ghee by the ferric thiocyanate method.
DEVI, P; RAY, S C - Current science  Volume: 19   Issue: 8   Pages: 243-4   Published: 1950-Aug

271.    Effect of heat on some constants of ghee (butterfat).
CHAND, R; AHMAD, H - The Indian journal of medical research  Volume: 38   Issue: 3   Pages: 235-39   Published: 1950-Jul

272.    The vitamin D content of butter and ghee (clarified butter).
DIKSHIT, P K; RANGANATHAN, S - The Indian journal of medical research  Volume: 38   Issue: 1   Pages: 37-40   Published: 1950-Jan

273.    GHEE; its production and marketing.
[Anonymous] - Current science  Volume: 18   Issue: 5   Pages: 188   Published: 1949-May

274.    RANCIDITY IN INDIAN BUTTERFATS (GHEE)
ACHAYA, KT - BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL  Volume: 44   Issue: 5   Pages: 561-567   Published: 1949

275.    FACTORS INFLUENCING THE KEEPING QUALITY OF GHEE
PERSAI, DP; BARNICOAT, CR - JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH  Volume: 16   Issue: 3   Pages: 356-362   Published: 1949

276.    RANCIDITY IN INDIAN BUTTER FAT (GHEE)
ACHAYA, KT - NATURE  Volume: 159   Issue: 4034   Pages: 274-274   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/159274a0   Published: 1947

277.    Vitamin A and carotene content of ghee (clarified butter) and fortified margarine.
DE, N K; RANGAN ATHAN, S; SUNDARARAJAN, A R - The Indian journal of medical research  Volume: 34   Pages: 3-12   Published: 1946-May

278.    Observations on the vitamin A content of buffalo butter-fat (ghee); effect of the method of preparation, storage and cooking.
BASHIR AHMAD; RAM CHAND; MANSOOR-UL-HASSAN - The Indian journal of medical research  Volume: 34   Pages: 75-85   Published: 1946-May

279.    VEGETABLE ghee.
Current science  Volume: 15   Pages: 94   Published: 1946-Apr

280.    The analytical constants of ghee.
ACHAYA, K T; KATRAK, B N; BANERJEE, B N - Current science  Volume: 15   Pages: 107   Published: 1946-Apr

281.    A comparative study of the quality of ghee from cow and buffalo under uniform dietary conditions, including heavy feeding of cotton seed.
PATEL, M D; PATEL, B M; DAVE, C N - The Indian veterinary journal  Volume: 22   Pages: 264-9   Published: 1946-Jan

282.    The vitamin A content of ghee
Bacharach, AL - BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL  Volume: 1930   Pages: 141-142   Part: 2   Published: JUL-DEC 1930

Ceiba pentandra, Shaalmali, Buruga, Silk cotton, Tellaburaga, Capoc, Koo, Gwe

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Family: Malvaceae

Synonyms: Bombax cumanense Kunth, Bombax guineense Schum. & Thonn., Bombax guineensis Schumach., Bombax inerme L., Bombax mompoxense Kunth, Bombax occidentale Spreng. [Illegitimate], Bombax orientale Spreng., Bombax pentandrum L., Bombax pentandrum Jacq., Ceiba anfractuosa (DC.) M.Gómez, Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A.Chev., Ceiba casearia Medik., Ceiba guineensis (Thonn.) A.Chev., Ceiba occidentalis (Spreng.) Burkill, Ceiba thonnerii A. Chev., Ceiba thonningii A.Chev., Eriodendron anfractuosum DC., Eriodendron caribaeum G.Don, Eriodendron caribaeum G. Don ex Loud., Eriodendron guineense G. Don ex Loud., Eriodendron occidentale (Spreng.) G.Don, Eriodendron orientale Kostel., Eriodendron pentandrum (L.) Kurz, Gossampinus alba Buch.-Ham., Gossampinus rumphii Schott & Endl., Xylon pentandrum Kuntze, Ceiba guineensis var. ampla A. Chev., Ceiba guineensis var. clausa A. Chev., Ceiba pendrandra f. grisea Ulbr., Ceiba pentandra f. albolana Ulbr., Ceiba pentandra var. caribaea (DC.) Bakh., Ceiba pentandra var. clausa Ulbr., Ceiba pentandra var. dehiscens Ulbr., Ceiba pentandra f. grisea Ulbr., Ceiba pentandra var. indica Bakhuisen, Eriodendron anfractuosum var. africanum DC., Eriodendron anfractuosum var. caribaeum DC., Eriodendron anfractuosum var. guianense Sagot, Eriodendron anfractuosum var. indicum DC. 

Vernacular names:
Bengali: শ্ৱেত সিমল Shwet Simul
Hindi: Safed semal सफ़ेद सेमल
Kannada: Dudi
Malayalam: Pannimaram
Manipuri: মোৰেহ তেৰা Moreh Tera
Marathi: Samali
Sanskrit: Kutashalmali, Shveta Shaalmali
Tamil: Pancu
Telugu: Tellaburaga, తెల్ల బూరుగ
Arabic: Rum (Chad), Shajaret Al Kutun;
Australia: Paina;
Bambara: Bàna, Bànan (Mali);
Benin: Gounma (Bariba) Araba;
Bolivia: Hoja De Yuca, Toborochi (Spanish),
Brazil: Arvore-Da-Lã, Arvore-Da-Seda, Barriguda
De Espinho, Mai-Das-Arvores, Paina-Lisa,
Paineira, Samaúma-Cabeluda, Samaúna Da
Várzea, Samaúma-Lisa, Sumaúma, Sumaúma-
Barriguda, Sumaúma-Branca, Sumaúma-Da-
Várzea, Sumaúma-De-Macaco, Sumaúma-Rosada,
Sumaúma-Verdadeira (Portuguese); British West
Indies: Corkwood;
Burmese: Thinbawle;
Cameroon: Douma (Sangmelima, Ebolowa), Dum (Yaounde), Bouma (Douala), Djam (Bangangte), Nfuma,
Nkouma, Ogouma;
Dutch: Kapokboom;
Fijian: Semar, Vauvau Ni Vavalangi;
Finnish: Capoc, Kapokkipuu, Seiba;
French: Bois Coton, Capoc, Faux Contonni
Portuguese: Barriguda, Mafumeira, Paina,
Indonesia: Randu (Java), Randu (Sundanese),
Kapuek, Kapeh Panji, Panji (Sumatra);
Italian: Albero Del Kapok, Pianta Del Kapok;
Japanese: Kapokku, Kiwata Kapokku;
Khmer: Koo, Kor;
Kosraean: Cutin, Kuhtin;
Laotian: Kokuiyu, Nguiz Baanz;
Liberia: Gwe, Gwèh

Desctiption: Tree to 40 m tall, trunk to 1.5 m diameter, crown broad, bark pale grayish brown, with horizontal lines, young trunks with warty, conical spines; older, buttressed trunks have rows of warty-flaky bumps about 1.5 cm diameter; buttresses large, thick, to 10 m tall, extending out to 10 m from base.
Leaves alternate, crowded at branch tips, stalk 5–23 cm long, blade palmately compound, leaflets 10–21 cm long, 2–4 cm wide, lance-shaped, pointed at both ends; leafless during dry season.
Flowers white, pale yellow, or pink, brown inside, showy, radially symmetrical, 5-parted, petals 3–4 cm long, 1 cm wide; pollinated by bats, visited by many insects; blooms Jan.–Feb. as leaves drop.
Fruit dry, 5-parted, 10–26 cm long, to 4 cm wide, opening to expose grayish kapok fibers and seeds; fruits Mar.–Apr.

Uses: Anti-inflammatory, Hypoglycaemic,Antiangiogenic, Antimicrobial, Antiulcerogenic, Antidrepanocytary, Hepatoprotective, Antivenom Activity.

Young leaves, buds, and fruits eaten like okra. Seeds roasted and eaten, used in
soups or fermented into “kantong”; presscake used in making some types of tempeh. Seed oil
used in cooking. Flowers and dried stamens also eaten, the latter in curries; used in coconut
milk sauce. Ashes used as salt substitute (FAC; TAN; UPW).
Asian Indians suggest the root j • uice for diabetes (KAB).
• Ayurvedic suggest the gum for blood disorders, cancer, hepatosis, obesity, pain, and
splenosis (KAB).
• Brazilians suggest the sap in conjunctivosis (MPB).
• Cambodians prescribe the fruit in migraine and vertigo (KAB).
• Filipinos use bark as aphrodisiac (IHB).
• Haitians bathe or poultice leaf decoction onto bites, boils, dermatosis, erysipelas, fatigue,infections, and sprains, drinking the tea for cough, hoarseness, and sore throat (VOD).
• Haitians mix fruit pulp with 1/3 lemon juice as antiseptic in nervousness and yellow fever (VOD).
• Haitians use a compress or lotion of the leaves to alleviate dizziness (VOD).
• Haitians use tender shoot decoction as a contraceptive (VOD). Conversely (perhaps because of the tree’s rapid growth, or more probably the fecundity of the seed), the bark sap is given to sterile women to promote conception in Congo, Ivory Coast, and Upper Volta (UPW).
• Javanese take bark, with areca, nutmeg, and sugar candy as a diuretic for bladder stones (IHB).
• Javanese take leaf tea for catarrh, cough, enterosis, hoarseness, and urethritis (IHB).
• Latinos apply decoction (4 g bark/l water, boil 15 min) to leg ulcers and hemorrhoids (JFM).
• Malayans use leaf decoction or tea in childbirth, fever, and syphilis (IHB).
• Singaporans pound leaves with onions and turmeric for cough (IHB).
• Yunani suggest the gum or roots for biliousness, boils, blood disorders, dysuria, fever, gonorrhea, impotence, and leprosy. [Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]

Uses: The roots are useful in gonorrhoea, dysuria, intermittent fevers. The bark is useful in hepatopathy, abdominal complaint, tumours and colic. [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]

In Burma, the roots are used to invigorate and the leaves are used to treat gonorrhea. In Cambodia, the root is used to reduce fever. The bark is used to promote urination, to treat gonorrhea, to reduce fever, and to treat diarrhea. In Malaysia, the bark is used to treat asthma. In Indonesia, a decoction is used as a drink to treat gravels (small kidney calculi), and a decoction of leaves is used to treat syphilis. The juice squeezed from the leaves is used to treat asthma and coughs. In the Philippines, it is used to reduce fever and to promote libido, and the gummy exudate of the plant is eaten to treat dysentery, menorrhagia, and diabetes. Some evidence has already been presented, which lends support to the argument for its antidiabetic and antiinflammatory properties. [Medicinal Plants of Asia and the Pacific]

Stem: The French Guiana Wayapi wash in a decoction of the bark for its febrifuge properties. Leaf: Surinam Indonesians use juice from bruised young branches in a preparation to treat asthma. Infusion for dissolving phlegm and to soothe rectal inflammation. Leaves stewed for a gonorrhoea remedy. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

90 Published articles of Ceiba pentandra

Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis, Nila Chitrak

Plumbago auriculata Lam.Family: Plumbaginaceae
Synonyms: Plumbago alba Pasq., Plumbago auriculata f. alba (Pasq.) Z.X. Peng, Plumbago capensis Thunb., Plumbago capensis Willd.

Common names: blue plumbago, Cape plumbago or Cape leadwort)
Hindi:  Nila Chitrak नीला चित्रक
Manipuri: Telhidak (Manipuri)

Uses: Root—intestinal flora normalizer, stimulates digestive processes; used for dyspepsia. Root paste is applied in order to open abscesses; a paste prepared with milk, vinegar or salt and water, is used externally in leprosy and other obstinate skin diseases. A cold infusion is used for influenza and black-water fever. Key application:  In sprue, malabsorption syndrome, piles and inflammatory diseases of ano-rectum. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

29 Published articles of Plumbago auriculata / capensis

Chenopodium album, Fat hen, Meldweed, Bathuwa, Chenopodio bianco, Jauhosavikka, Svinmålla

Chenopodium album L.
Family: Amaranthaceae

Synonyms: , Anserina candidans (Lam.) Montandon , Atriplex alba (L.) Crantz , Atriplex viridis (L.) Crantz , Blitum viride (L.) Moench , Botrys alba (L.) Nieuwl. , Botrys alba var. pauper Lunell , Botrys pagana (Rchb.) Lunell , Chenopodium agreste E.H.L.Krause , Chenopodium album subsp. bernburgense Murr , Chenopodium album var. candicans Moq. , Chenopodium album subsp. collinsii Murr , Chenopodium album var. coronatum Beauge , Chenopodium album var. cymigerum W.D.J.Koch , Chenopodium album f. cymigerum (W.D.J.Koch) Aellen , Chenopodium album var. dacoticum Aellen , Chenopodium album subsp. densifoliatum Ludw. & Aellen , Chenopodium album var. desertorum Kuntze , Chenopodium album f. dubium Arlt & Jüttersonke , Chenopodium album f. glomerulosum (Rchb.) Aellen , Chenopodium album f. glomerulosum (Rchb.) Arlt & Jüttersonke , Chenopodium album subsp. hastatum (C. Klinggr.) Graebn. , Chenopodium album var. hastatum C. Klinggr. , Chenopodium album f. lanceolatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Schinz & Thell. , Chenopodium album f. lanceolatum (Muhl.) Aellen , Chenopodium album var. lanceolatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Coss. & Germ. , Chenopodium album f. leiospermum Kuntze , Chenopodium album var. missouriense (Aellen) Bassett & Crompton , Chenopodium album f. opuliforme Aellen , Chenopodium album f. ovalifolium Aellen , Chenopodium album var. paganum (Rchb.) Syme , Chenopodium album f. paucidentatum Aellen , Chenopodium album subsp. pedunculare (Bertol.) Murr , Chenopodium album var. polymorphum Aellen , Chenopodium album f. pseudozschackei Aellen , Chenopodium album var. spicatum W.D.J.Koch , Chenopodium album f. spicatum (W.D.J.Koch) Aellen , Chenopodium album var. stevensii Aellen , Chenopodium album var. subaphyllum (Phil.) Reiche , Chenopodium album subsp. virgatum (Thunb.) Blom , Chenopodium album var. viride (L.) Pursh , Chenopodium bernburgense (Murr) Druce , Chenopodium bicolor Bojer ex Moq. , Chenopodium borbasiforme (Murr) Druce , Chenopodium borbasii F.Murr , Chenopodium × borbasioides f. hircinifolium (Aellen) Hyl. , Chenopodium browneanum Schult. , Chenopodium candicans Lam. , Chenopodium catenulatum Schleich. ex Steud. , Chenopodium concatenatum Willd. , Chenopodium × densifoliatum (Ludw. & Aellen) F.Dvorák , Chenopodium diversifolium var. montuosum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium elatum Shuttlew. ex Moq. , Chenopodium glomerulosum Rchb. , Chenopodium laciniatum Roxb. , Chenopodium lanceolatum Muhl. ex Willd. , Chenopodium lanceolatum R.Br.  , Chenopodium lanceolatum var. antiquitum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium lanceolatum f. opizii F.Dvorák , Chenopodium lanceolatum f. sessiliflorum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium leiospermum DC. , Chenopodium lobatum (Prodán) F.Dvorák , Chenopodium missouriense Aellen , Chenopodium missouriense var. bushianum Aellen , Chenopodium neglectum Dumort. , Chenopodium neoalbum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium opulaceum Neck. , Chenopodium ovalifolium (Aellen) F.Dvorák , Chenopodium paganum Rchb. , Chenopodium paucidentatum (Aellen) F.Dvorák , Chenopodium pedunculare Bertol. , Chenopodium probstii Aellen , Chenopodium probstii f. lanceolatum Aellen , Chenopodium probstii f. parvoangustifolium Aellen , Chenopodium pseudoborbasii Murr , Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. aellenii F.Dvorák , Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. albiforme F.Dvorák , Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. borbasiiforme F.Dvorák , Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. longipedicellatum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium pseudoborbasii f. ramosum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium riparium Boenn. ex Moq. , Chenopodium serotinum Ledeb. Chenopodium subaphyllum Phil. , Chenopodium superalbum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium superalbum f. kuehnii F.Dvorák , Chenopodium viride L. , Chenopodium viridescens (St.-Amans) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , Chenopodium vulgare Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. , Chenopodium vulpinum Buch.-Ham. , Chenopodium zobelii Murr ex Asch. & Graebn. , Chenopodium zobelii f. hircinifolium Aellen , Chenopodium zobelii f. multidentatum Aellen , Chenopodium zobelli A. Ludw. & Aellen , Vulvaria albescens Bubani,

Other vernacular names:
Chinese :  藜   Li.
Danish :  Hvidmelet gåsefod.
Dutch :  Melganzevoet.
English :  Common lamb's quarter, Fat hen, Lamb's quarter, Lamb's quarters, Meldweed, White goosefoot.
Finnish :  Jauhosavikka.
French :  Ansérine blanche, Chénopode blanc, Chou gras, Poule grasse.
German :  Weißer Gänsefuß.
Greek :  Χηνοπόδιον το λευκόν   Chenopodion to lefkon.
Italian :  Chenopodio bianco.
Japanese :  シロザ  Shiro za.
Portuguese :  Anserina-branca, Ançarinha-branca, Erva-formigueira-branca, Falsa erva de Santa Maria.
Russian :   Марь белая  Mar' belaia.
Spanish :  Apazote blanco, Apazote cenizo, Armuelle, Ceniglo blanco, Cenizo blanco, Guyo blanco (Argentina).
Swedish :  Svinmålla

401 - 789 Published articles of Chenopodium album
1- 400 articles here.

Chenopodium album, Pappukura, Paruppu kirai, chandrila, chakravartin

Chenopodium album L.
Family: Amaranthaceae



Assamese: ভতুবা bhatuba, জিল্মিল্ jilmil
Bengali: বেথো শাক betho shaak, বেথুয়া শাক bethuya shaak
Gujarati: બથવો bathavo, ચીલની ભાજી chilani bhaji
Hindi: चन्द्रिल chandril, पांशु panshu, टक्कदेशी takka-deshi, वास्तूक vastuk, बथुवा bathuwa
Kannada: ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ chakravarti, ಚಕ್ಕವತ್ತ chakkavatta, ಹುಚ್ಚ ಚಕ್ಕೋತ huchcha chakkota, ವಾಸ್ತೂಕ vastuka
Konkani: Chakvit
Malayalam: പരിപ്പുചീര parippuchira, വാസ്തുചീര vastuchira
Manipuri: মোনশাওবী monshaobi
Marathi: चाकवत chakvat, वासुकें vasukem
Nepali: बेथे bethe
Oriya: ବଥୁଆ ଶାଗ bathua sag, ବାସ୍ତୁକ bastuka
Punjabi: ਲੂਨਕ lunak
Sanskrit: चक्रवर्तिन् chakravartin, चन्द्रिल chandrila, घनामल ghanamala, ज्वरघ्न jvaraghna, पांसुपत्त्र pamsupattra, पिण्डपुष्पक pindapushpaka, शाकश्रेष्ठ shakashrestha, टक्कदेशीय takkadeshiya, वाम vama, वास्तुक vastuka
Tamil: சக்கரவர்த்தி கீரை chakravarthi keerai, பருப்புக்கீரை paruppu-k-kirai
Telugu: పప్పుకూర pappukura, వాస్తుకము vastukamu
Discription: It is an invasive weed found in temperate countries, which grows to a height of 50 cm. The stems are glabrous, greenish and somewhat succulent. Leaves: simple, alternate and without stipules. The petiole is 1.5 cm–5mm long, grooved and covered with microscopic cupshaped scales. The blade is thick, 2.5 cm×3.2 cm–1.8 cm×7 mm, triangular, incised, and covered with microscopic cup-shaped scales.The base of the blade is acuminate, the midrib and secondary nerves are flat above and raised below, and the blade shows 3– 5 pairs of secondary nerves.The inflorescences are axillary or terminal 2 cm long spikes. The flowers are 2mm in diameter and comprise of 5 sepals, 5 stamens and a bifid style. The seeds are very small and black. [Medicinal Plants of The Asia-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]

Description: Annual, erect, tall herbs. Leaves elliptic-Ianceolate, entire, and glabrous. Flowers minute, green, clustered, axillary and terminal, compact spikes. Seeds glabrous, blacks.
Parts Used: Seeds. Uses: It is useful in peptic ulcer, helminthiasis, dyspepsia and weakness. [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]

Antispasmodic, pectoral, haemostatic, emmenagogue. Employed in treating nervous affections, particularly chorea. Dried herb—anthelmintic against round and hookworms. Ascaridole, an active constituent of the oil, is highly active against roundworms, Hookworms and small, but not large, tapeworms. It is highly toxic and can cause serious side effects. The oil has been found useful in
amoebic dysentery and intestinal infections. Adecoction of the herb is given as an internal haemostatic and the infusion as an enema for intestinal ulceration. The infusion is sudorific and diuretic. The oil exhibits antimicrobial and strong antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Decoction of its stems was till relatively recently drunk in Co. Dublin for rheumatism. Though now treated as a weed and generally disregarded, it was formerly valued as a nutritious food along with nettles and dandelions. It was, for example, added to soup in spring in Ayrshire, perhaps semi-medicinally. [Medicinal Plants of The Asia-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]

Lowers blood pressure, improves heart function; treats diarrhea, fever, dysentery, skin infection. Chemical Constituents - Palmitic acid, carnaubic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, nonacosane, oleyl alcohol, sitosterol, betaine, amino acids, sterol, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, aleanolic acid, L-1-leucine, ferulic acid, vanillic acid. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

1- 400 Published articles of Chenopodium album

 401 -  789 Here

Cupressus torulosa

Cupressus torulosa D.Don
Family: Cupressaceae

Nepali: राज सल्लो Raj sallo
Other names: Xiprer de l'Himàlaia, Himalaya-Zypresse, 西藏柏木, Hoàng đàn, Кипарис гималайский, Cyprès de l'Himalaya


13 Published articles of Cupressus torulosa

Hosta plantaginea, August Lily, Fragrant Plantain Lily, Yusan Lily

Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Asch.
Family: Asparagaceae
Synonyms: , Funkia alba (Andrews) Sweet , Funkia cordata Siebold ex Steud. , Funkia grandiflora Siebold & Zucc. , Funkia japonica (Thunb.) Druce , Funkia japonica var. subcordata (Spreng.) Lilja , Funkia legendrei H.Lév. , Funkia subcordata Spreng. , Hemerocallis alba Andrews , Hemerocallis cordata Cav. , Hemerocallis japonica Thunb. , Hemerocallis plantaginea Lam. , Hosta japonica Tratt. , Hosta plantaginea f. aphrodite F.Maek. , Hosta plantaginea f. grandiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Asch. & Graebn. , Hosta plantaginea var. japonica Kikuchi & F.Maek. , Hosta plantaginea f. stenantha F.Maek. , Hosta sieboldiana var. bracteata Miq. , Niobe cordifolia Salisb. , Niobe plantaginea (Lam.) Nash , Saussurea japonica (Thunb.) Kuntze , Saussurea plantaginea (Lam.) Kuntze

English: August Lily, Fragrant Plantain Lily, Yusan Lily
Chinese: 玉簪

Description: Perennial, stems 30-50 cm high, leaves cordately ovoidal, flower cluster with 9-15 flowers. Seeds prolonged ovoid, lateral compressed, winged, 10-12 x 4.5-5.5mm. Surface longitudinal fine striate, lustrous, black. 2n = 60. Originally in Japan, introduced into the Carpathians and cultivated as an ornamental permanent plant in gardens and parks. [Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European Flora]


19 Published articles of Hosta plantaginea

Ephedra foliata, Shrubby Horsetail

Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey.
Family: Ephedraceae
Popularly known as: Ephedra ciliata

Synonyms: , Ephedra aitchisonii (Stapf) V.A.Nikitin , Ephedra alte Brandis , Ephedra asparagoides Griff. , Ephedra ciliata Fisch. & C.A.Mey. , Ephedra ciliata Aitch. [Illegitimate] , Ephedra ciliata var. polylepis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Riedl , Ephedra foliata var. aitchisonii Stapf , Ephedra foliata var. ciliata (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Stapf , Ephedra foliata var. polylepis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Stapf , Ephedra kokanica Regel , Ephedra peduncularis Boiss. , Ephedra polylepis Boiss. & Hausskn. , Ephedra rollandii Maire

Arabic: علد (عَلْد)، علدى (عَلْدى)، عدم (عَدم)
English: Shrubby Horsetail 

40 Published articles of Ephedra foliata

Euphorbia cornigera

Euphorbia cornigera Boiss.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonym: Euphorbia pilosa var. cornigera (Boiss.) Hook. f.
Common name: Horned Spurge

All parts of the plant are highly toxic if ingested, and the sap may cause skin irritation.

9 Published articles of Euphorbia cornigera

Podranea ricasoliana

Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague
Family: Bignoniaceae
English: Pink Trumpet Tree
Others: Pink Trumpet Vine, Port St Johns Creeper, Zimbabwe Creeper

Description: Woody vine or vining shrub. Leaves opposite, pinnate, short-stalked, leaflets 7–9, blades about 3 cm long, 2 cm wide, egg-shaped, tips pointed, margins toothed. Flowers pale lavender with dark patch at base of 2 petal lobes, bilaterally symmetrical, tubular 6–8 cm long, tube whitish with deep magenta lines inside, 5-lobed, showy, petal lobes broad, flaring; inflorescence of branched clusters at ends of stems; blooms most of the year. Fruit leathery-dry, hollow, linear, splitting open to release seeds. Habitat: Widely cultivated, rarely escapes into natural areas.

Tabebuia avellanedae, Handroanthus impetiginosus, Lapacho

Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Accepted name)
Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. (Popularly known name)
Family: Bignoniaceae

Synonyms: Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Kuntze , Handroanthus avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Mattos , Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. , Tabebuia dugandii Standl. , Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl. , Tabebuia ipe var. integra (Sprague) Sandwith , Tabebuia nicaraguensis S.F.Blake , Tabebuia palmeri Rose , Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R.Simpson , Tecoma adenophylla Bureau & K.Schum. , Tecoma avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Speg. , Tecoma avellanedae var. alba Lillo , Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. , Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. ex DC. , Tecoma integra (Sprague) Hassl. , Tecoma ipe var. integra Sprague , Tecoma ipe var. integrifolia Hassl. , Tecoma ipe f. leucotricha Hassl. 

Other names: Pau D'arco, Pink Ipê Or Pink Lapacho, Pink Trumpet Tree, Dwarf Pink Tabebuia, cabroé, Lapacho negro

Description: The Pink Lapacho is a rather large deciduous tree, with trunks sometimes reaching 8 dm width and 30 m height. Usually a third of that height is trunk, and two thirds are its longer branches. It has a large, globous, but often sparse canopy. The tree has a slow growth rate. Leaves are opposite and petiolate, 2 to 3 inches long, elliptic and lanceolate, with lightly serrated margins and pinnate venation. The leaves are palmately compound with usually 5 leaflets.

Its bark is brownish grey, tough and hard to peel. The wood is of a pleasant yellowish colour, barely knotted and very tough and heavy (0,935 kg/dm³). It's rich in tannins and therefore very resistant to weather and sun.[2] It is not very useful for furniture since it is so hard to work by hand. It can be found as beams or fulfilling other structural uses where needed outdoors.

Pink Lapacho flowers between July and September, before the new leaves appear. In India, the flowering season is December to January, after the leaves are shed. The flower is large, tubular shaped, its corolla is often pink or magenta, though exceptionally seen white, about 2 inches long. There are 4 stamens and a staminode. The fruit consists of a narrow dehiscent capsule containing several winged seeds.

Lapacho is used traditionally for infectious diseases of bacterial, protozoal, fungal and viral origin, to enhance the immune system, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. It is also used as an anticancer therapy, especially in South America, and, although there is experimental evidence to support some of these uses, good clinical evidence is not available. Lapachol is toxic in high doses.  Lapachol is reported to have anticoagulant properties, which may be additive with those of conventional anticoagulants. {Stockley’s Herbal Medicines Interactions]

Dried bark, decoction: for urinary tract infections, diuretic; infusion: laxative, anti-hypoglycemic, hypotensive, stimulant, anti-emetic, abortifacient,
Leaf: astringent, vulnerary, antiseptic, for psoriasis, antihaemorrhoidal; decoction: against cancer
Flowers: antitussive, expectorant. [Medicinal plants:  Argentine Flora]

58 Published articles of Tabebuia avellanedae

Aleurites triloba, Aleurites moluccana, Indian walnut, Akrotu

Aleurites triloba J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonyms: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., Aleurites ambinux Pers. , Aleurites angustifolia Vieill. , Aleurites angustifolia Vieill. ex Guillaumin , Aleurites commutata Geiseler , Aleurites cordifolia (Gaertn.) Steud. , Aleurites cordifolius (Gaertn.) Steud. , Aleurites integrifolia Vieill. , Aleurites integrifolia Vieill. ex Guillaumin , Aleurites javanica Gand. , Aleurites lanceolata Blanco , Aleurites lobata Blanco , Aleurites moluccana var. aulanii O.Deg. & I.Deg. , Aleurites moluccana var. floccosa Airy Shaw , Aleurites moluccana var. katoi O.Deg., I.Deg. & Stone , Aleurites moluccana var. remyi (Sherff) Stone , Aleurites moluccana var. serotina O.Deg. & Sherff , Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. , Aleurites moluccanus var. serotinus O. Deg. & Sherff , Aleurites pentaphylla Wall. , Aleurites remyi Sherff , Aleurites triloba J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. , Camerium moluccanum (L.) Kuntze , Camirium cordifolium Gaertn. , Camirium oleosum Reinw. ex Blume , Camirium oleosum Reinw. ex Müll. Arg. , Dryandra oleifera Lam. , Jatropha moluccana L. , Juglans camirium Lour. , Mallotus moluccanus (L.) Müll.Arg. , Manihot moluccana (L.) Crantz , Ricinus dicoccus Roxb. , Rottlera moluccana (L.) Scheff. , Telopea perspicua Sol. ex Seem.
Common Names: Candle Nut, Candleberry, Indian walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Kukui nut tree
Hindi: जंगली आख़रोट Jangli akhrot, अख़रोट Akhrot
Kannada: Akroda, Natakrodu, Arkod, Naadu aakrotu
Malayalam: Akrottu, Akshotam, Karankolam, Vadam
Marathi: रामाखरोट Ramakrot, अखरोड Akhod, Japhala, Ranakot
Oriya: Akshota
Sanskrit: Akharota, Akhota, Akshota, Asphotaka, Gudashaya
Tamil: நாட்டு அகரொட்டு Nattu akrottu, Woodooga
Telugu: Uduga, Natu akrotu

Description: It is a tree which grows to a height of 18m and a girth of 50 cm. It grows in the geographic area spanning Malaysia and the Pacific Islands. When cut, the bark exudes a clear watery sap. The stems, petioles, and blades are covered with a whitish starry tomentum. Leaves: simple, spiral and without stipules. The petiole is 11.5 cm–15 cm and thin. The blade is lanceolate, rigid, 3–5-lobed, 7.8 cm × 4 cm–12.5 cm × 16.2 cm and marked at the base with a pair of 1mm diameter, disc-shaped glands. The margin is recurved. The nervations are raised on both surfaces of the blade which shows 6–7 pairs of secondary nerves. The inflorescences are terminal panicles.The calyx is 2.5mm long, 2–3-lobed and covered with a whitish starry tomentum. The corolla is 1.3 cm across.

Folk Medicinal Uses: Amenorrhea, Traumatic hemorrhage. Adverse effects: Toxic; not for use in pregnancy. [International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine. Part-IV]

Antifeedant, Aperient, Aphrodisiac, Cardiotonic,; Carminative, Diaphoretic, Expectorant, Hematonic,; Laxative, Piscicide, Stimulant.

Indications  — Arthrosis, Asthma, Bleeding, Constipation,; Diarrhea, Dysentery, Edema, Fever, Gas,; Gonorrhea, Headache, Hematochezia, Hemorrhoid,Hydrophobia, Rheumatism, Ringworm, Sore, Sprue, Swelling, Tumor, Ulcer.

Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects  — Toxic and irritant. Seeds dangerous to eat [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]

Seed-oil is slightly purgative and also a drying substance (siccative) [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

Young leaves taken internally for children’s fever and convulsions. [Samoan Medicinal Plants]

47 Published articles of Aleurites triloba / Aleurites moluccana

Santalum album, Chandanam, Sandalwood

Santalum album L.
Family: Santalaceae

Common name: Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood, Fragrant sandalwood, White Sandalwood
Arabic: صندل (خشب)
Bengali: চংদন্ Chandan, শ্ৱেতচংদন Shwetchandan
Bengali: শ্ৱেতচংদন Shwetchandan, চংদন্ Chandan
Chinese :  自檀香   Bai tan xiang,  檀香   Tan xiang,  檀香木  Tan xiang mu, 情侣树  Qing lü shu.
Danish :  Sandeltræ.
Dutch :  Sandelboom, Sandelhout.
French :  Arbre à baumes, Bois de santal, Santal blanc, Santal de l'Inde.
German :  Echte Sandelholzbaum, Sandelholzbaum, Sandelholz weiß.
Hindi: चंदन Chandan, संदल Sandal
Indinesian: Cendana
Italian :  Sandalo bianco.
Japanese :   サンダルウッド  Sendaruuddo,  ビャ クダン
Kannada: Agarugandha, bavanna, bhadrasri, ಚಂದಲ Chandala
Malay :  Cendana (Indonesia).
Malayalam: ചംദനമ് Chandanam, chandana-mutti
Manipuri: চংদন Chandan
Marathi: चंदन Chandan, gandhachakoda
Oriya: valgaka,  ଚନ୍ଦନ  Candana
Portuguese :  Sândalo, Sândalo-branco.
Russian :  Сандал  Sandal,   Сандаловое дерево  Sandaloboe derevo.
Sanskrit: अनिंदिता Anindita, Arishta-phalam, Bhadrasara, चंदनम् Chandanam
Sinhala: සඳුන් ගස  Saňdun gasa
Spanish : Sándalo, Sándalo blanco.
Tamil: Anukkam, Asam, சந்தநம் Chandanam
Telugu: Bhadrasri, చందనం Chandanamu, శ్రీగంధం Sri Gandham
Urdu: Sandal safaid

Description: Evergreen trees, to 10 m high, bark surface dark grey to nearly black, rough with short vertical cracks. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 12-18 mm long, slender, glabrous, grooved above; lamina 3.7-12 x 2-4 cm, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base acute or round, apex acute, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above and glaucous beneath, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-13 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flowers bisexual, 5-6 mm across, reddish-purple, in axillary and terminal paniculate cymes, much shorter than leaves; tepals 5, basally connate into a campanulate tube of 2 mm long, shortly connate to the basal part of the ovary; lobes 2.5 x 1.5 mm, ovate, thin, fleshy, glaucescent without, minutely ciliate; disc concave, adhering to the bottom of perianth, its lobes alternates with tepals; stamens 5, alternates with disc; filaments 1 mm; anthers 0.7 mm, ovoid, 2-celled; ovary superior later half inferior at the time of flowering, globose, 1 mm, 1-celled, ovules 2-3, pendulous from below the long, acuminate, central column; style 1.5 mm, stigma 3 lobed. Fruit a drupe, 8-12 mm across, globose, blackish-purple, annulate above, beaked with the basal part of the style; seed one.

Uses: Antiphlogistic, antiseptic, cooling and styptic. The wood round up with water into a fine parts is commonly applied to local inflammations, to the temples in fever and to skin diseases to allay heat and pruritus. It is internally administered in cystitis, gonorrhoea, haemorrhagia, urinary disorders and gleet. [Advances in Medicinal Plants]

Sosha, Daaha, Raktapitta, Raktaarsha, Hikka, Vamana, Pradara, Sukrameha, Netra Roga, Mutraghara, Bhrama, RAktavikara, Krimiroga. [API, Part-I, Vol-III]

Activities  — Abortifacient, Alexeteric, Allergenic, Analgesic, Anaphrodisiac, Antibacterial, Antiherpetic, Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antiviral, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Depurative, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Expectorant, Hepatoprotective, Laxative, Nephrotoxic, Sedative, Stimulant, Stomachic, Urinary Antiseptic. [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]

The herb contains saponins based on saniculogenins; allantoin; chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. The flowers con- tain 3.1 and fruits 1.1% rosmarinic acid. The leaves contain 0.6% chlorogenic acid. The roots contain 23.1, leaves 12.8, flowers 6.0 and fruits 5.2% surcose. Rhizome contains chlorogeni acid 1.2 and sucrose 13.9%.[Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Moves and regulates the qi. Stifling sensation in the chest, tightness, abdominal blockage, angina pectoris. Relieves pain: Chest pain, abdominal pain, angina pectoris. Expels cold: Blockages and pain in the chest and abdomen. [Materia Medica for Chinese Medicine]

The heart wood is used alone or with other ingredients for fever, diarrhoea dysentery, gastric irritation, spermatorrhoea and gonorrhoea. The wood ground up with water into a paste is applied on local inflammations and skin diseases to allay heat and pruritus. It acts as a diaphoretic and checks haemoptysis. The seeds also contain an oil which is used in skin diseases. The wood is considered a diuretic and antipyretic in Cambodia. In Madagascar, the wood is mascerated with salt water and applied on wounds. The oil is recommended for gonorrhoea. It is often used in perfumery. [Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon]

Infections of the urinary tract. Sandalwood is used for inflammatory conditions of the efferent urinary tract. It is generally used in combination with other diuretic or urinary disinfecting drugs.
Chinese Medicine: The Chinese use Sandalwood primarily for epigastric pain, chest pain and omiting.
Homeopathic Uses: Uses of the drug in homeopathy include urethral inflammation. It is advisable to use Sandalwood in combination with other diuretic or urinary disinfecting drugs.
Indian Medicine: Internal uses include heat stroke, sunstroke and resulting fever. It is used as an infusion mixed with honey (in Kerala); with water cooked in rice {in Nepal): in the treatment of gonorrhea and as an anti-aphrodisiac in ayurvedic medicine. [PDR for Herbal Medicines]

470 Published articles of Santalum album

Aconitum heterophyllum, Ativisha, Atis, adivitaiyam

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle
Family: Ranunculaceae

Synonyms: Aconitum atees Royle, Aconitum cordatum Royle, Aconitum heterophyllumvar. roylei L.B.Chaudhary & R.R.Rao, Aconitum ovatum Lindl., Aconitum petiolare Royle ex Stapf
Assamese: Aatich
Bengali: Ataicha
English: Atis Root
Gujrati: Ativishni Kali, Ativikhani Kali
Hindi: arand, ateicha, atis, atvika
Kannada: Ativisha, Athihage, athibaje, athivisha
Kashmiri: Kath
Malayalam: Atividayam, Ativitayam
Marathi: Ativisha,  atavish, athivish
Nepali: Atis, bikh
Oriya: Atushi
Punjabi: Atisa, Atees
Sanskrit: amrita, aruna, ataicha, atisaraghni, ativisa
Tamil: adhividayam, adivitaiyam, akuculapu
Telugu: Ativasa
Urdu: atees, atis shirin, beesh

Description: Roots, ovoid-conical, tapering downwards to a print, 2.0-7.5 cm long, 0.4-1.6 cm or more thick at its upper extremity, gradually decreasing in thickness towards tapering end, externally light ash-grey, white or grey-brown, while internally starch white, external surface wrinkled marked with scars of fallen rootlet and with a rosette of scaly rudimentary leaves on top: fracture, short, starchy, showing uniform white surface, marked towards centre by 4-7 concentrically arranged yellowish-brown dots, corresponding to end of fibrovascular bundles traversing root longitudinally taste, bitter with no tingling sensation.
Uses: krimiroga, Jvara, Kasa, Chardi, Amaatisara [API, Pt-I, Vol-I]

Often regarded as nonpoisosnous, antiperiodic, antiinflammatory, astringent (used in cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia), tonic (used after fevers), febrifuge, antispasmodic (used in irritability of stomach and abdominal pains). [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Antipyretic, antiperiodic, aphrodisiac, astringent tonic. Used in diarrhoea, indigestion, cough troubles during dentition in children.[Advances in Medicinal Plants]

49 Published articles of Aconitum heterophyllum

Zamia furfuracea, Cardboard Palm, Cardboard Plant

 Zamia furfuracea L.f. ex Aiton
Family: Zamiaceae
Synonyms: Palma pumila Mill. , Palmifolium furfuraceum (L.f. ex Aiton) Kuntze , Zamia crassifolia T.Moore , Zamia furfuracea var. trewii A. DC. , Zamia gutierrezii Sauvalle , Zamia latifolia Lodd. ex Miq. , Zamia media var. gutierrezii (Sauvalle) J.Schust. , Zamia vestita Van Houtte

Common names: Cardboard Palm, Cardboard Plant, Bay Rush, Camptie, Cardboard Palm, Coontie, Guayiga,Florida Arrowroot, Marunguey, Mexican Cycad, Palmita de Jardín, Sago Cycas,
Seminole Bread, Yugulla
Arabic: زاميا وبغية
Chinese: 美叶苏铁

Description: he plant has a short, sometimes subterranean trunk up to 20 cm broad and high, usually marked with scars from old leaf bases. It grows very slowly when young, but its growth accelerates after the trunk matures. Including the leaves, the whole plant typically grows to 1.3 m tall with a width of about 2 m.

The leaves radiate from the center of the trunk; each leaf is 50-150 cm long with a petiole 15-30 cm long, and 6-12 pairs of extremely stiff, pubescent (fuzzy) green leaflets. These leaflets grow 8-20 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Occasionally, the leaflets are toothed toward the tips. The circular crowns of leaves resemble fern or palm fronds. They are erect in full sun, horizontal in shade.

This plant produces a rusty-brown cone in the center of the female plant. The egg-shaped female (seed-producing) cones and smaller male (pollen-producing) cone clusters are produced on separate plants. Pollination is by certain insects, namely the belid weevil Rhopalotria mollis.

Cardboard Cycad plant can only be reproduced by the fleshy, brightly crimson-colored seeds produced by the female plants. The germination process is very slow and difficult to achieve in cultivation; as a result, many plants sold for horticultural use are illegally collected in the wild, leading to the species being classified as Vulnerable.

This plant is easy to care for and grows best in moist, well-drained soil. They do well in full sun or shade, but not in constant deep shade. They are fairly salt- and drought-tolerant, but should be protected from extreme cold. They should occasionally be fed with palm food. After Cycas revoluta, this is probably the most popular cycad species in cultivation. In temperate regions it is commonly grown as a houseplant and, in subtropical areas, as a container or bedding plant outdoors.

All parts of the plant are poisonous to animals and humans. The toxicity causes liver and kidney failure, as well as eventual paralysis. Dehydration sets in very quickly. No treatment for the poisoning is currently known.

Toxic Part: All parts of all Zamia species are poisonous. The toxin can be removed from the grated root by water; treated plant material was a commercial source of starch.

20 Published articles of Zamia furfuracea

Abies pindrow, Himalayan fir, Granthiparna

Abies pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Royle
Family: Pinaceae

Synonyms: Abies chiloensis Carrière , Abies himalayensis Lavallée , Abies pindrow var. intermedia A.Henry, Abies webbiana var. pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Brandis , Picea herbertiana Madden , Picea pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Loudon , Pinus naphta Antoine  , Pinus pindrow Royle ex D.Don , Pinus spectabilis var. pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Voss , Taxus lambertiana Wall.

Czech :  Jedle himalájská.
Danish :  Pragtgran.
English :  Himalayan fir, Pindrow fir, West Himalayan fir.
Estonian :  Himaalaja nulg, Pindrow nulg.
Finnish :  Himalajanpihta.
French :  sapin Pindrow, Sapin de l'Himalaya, Sapin de l’ouest Himalaya.
German :  Himalaya-Tanne, Pindrow-Tanne.
Hindi : Badar, Dodimma, Granthiparna, Jhilla, Tosh, Span, Rai, Rei, Morinda tosh.
Hungarian :  Himalájai jegenyefenyő.
Italian: Abete di Pindrow
Kashmiri: badar, drewar, krok, Tung
Nepalese : thingure
Punjabi: paludar, paludar, rai, rewar
Russian :  Пихта Вебба, Пихта гималайская, Пихта замечательная.
Sanskrit :  Granthiparna, Talisa.
Serbian :  Himalajska jela.
Spanish : Abeto de Pindrow.

Description: Trees up to 30 m tall or more, with a narrow pyramidal shape. Bark fissured, light grey to brown. Leaves spiral, 2‑4 cm long, upper surface grooved, dark green, shiny. Male cones I‑2 cm long, axillary, ellipsoid, reddish‑green; microsporophyll with ‑2 linear sporangia; microspores winged. Female cones 8‑12 cm long, solitary or in pairs, narrowly oblong, violet‑purple; m2gasporophyll obovate, 2 cm long. Seeds 1‑1.2 cm long; wing twice as long as the seed. 

Uses: Expectorant, bronchial sedative, decongestant, anticatarrhal, antiseptic, carminative. Terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids of the leaf were found to have mast cell stabilizing action in rats. Terpenoids and flavonoids offered bronchoprotection against histamine challenge in guinea pigs. The ulcer protective action of petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform fraction has been attributed to steroidal contents. Terephthalic acid demethyl ester (TADE), isolated from the leaf, exhibited protection against inflammation and bronchospasmin guinea pigs. Ethanolic extract of leaves showed significant anxiolytic effects on all the paradigms of anxiety, barbiturate hypnosis potentiation. Pindrolactone, a lanostane-based triterpene lactone, isolated from the leaves, showed mild activity against Gram-positive bacteria but exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Cough, asthma, chronic bronchitis, other pulmonary afflictions, and catarrh of the bladder.

100 Published articles of Abies pindrow

Cananga odorata Sampangi Champaka

Cananga odorata [Lam.] Hook f. & Thomson
Family: Annonaceae

Synonyms: Cananga mitrastigma (F.Muell.) Domin , Cananga odorata var. velutina (Blume) Koord. & Valeton , Cananga scortechinii King , Canangium mitrastigma (F.Muell.) Domin , Canangium odoratum (Lam.) King , Canangium scortechinii King , Fitzgeraldia mitrastigma F.Muell. , Unona odorata (Lam.) Baill. , Uvaria odorata Lam.

Common name: Ylang Ylang
Marathi: Chape
Tamil: காட்டு சம்பகம் Kattu chempakam
Telugu: చంపకము champakamu, sampangi  Chettu సంపంగి చెట్టు
Kannada: ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಚಮ್ಪಕ Apurva champaka
Costarica: ilang-ilang
Malayalam: Pachachempakam

other names: canang odorant (French), chirang, irang (Palau), derangerang, derangirang (Nauru), ilahnglahng, ilanlang (Kosrae), ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Guam, CNMI), ilangilang, lengileng, alangilang, pur-n-wai, pwurenwai,, seir en wai (Pohnpei), ilanilan (Marshall Islands), lanalana (Hawai'i), makosoi, mokohoi, makasui, mokosoi (Fiji), mohokoi (Tonga), moso'oi (Samoa), moto'i (French Polynesia), moto'oi, mata'oi, mato'oi (Cook Islands, Niue,Tahiti), motoi (Marquesas-Nukuhiva, Niue), mutui (Marquesas-Fatuhiva), pwalang (Puluwat Atoll), pzvanang, pwuur, pwalang (Chuuk), sa'o (Solomon Islands: Kwara'ae), ylang ylang, perfume tree, cananga, cadmia (English), ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Philippines)

C. odorata is a fast-growing tree of the custard-apple family Annonaceae. Its growth exceeds 5 m (15 ft) per year and attains an average height of 12 m (40 ft). It grows in full or partial sun, and prefers the acidic soils of its native rainforest habitat. The evergreen leaves are smooth and glossy, oval, pointed and with wavy margins, and 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long. The flower is drooping, long-stalked, with six narrow, greenish-yellow (rarely pink) petals, rather like a sea star in appearance, and yields a highly fragrant essential oil.

Chemical constitutents: Linalool, Germacrene, Geranyl acetate, Caryophyllene, p-cresyl methyl ether, Methyl benzoate, Sesquiterpenes

The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. It is believed to relieve high blood pressure, normalize sebum secretion for skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac. According to Margaret Mead, it was used as such by South Pacific natives such as the Samoan Islanders where she did much of her research. The oil from ylang-ylang is widely used in perfumery for oriental or floral themed perfumes. Ylang-ylang blends well with most floral, fruit and wood scents.

In Indonesia, ylang-ylang flowers are spread on the bed of newlywed couples. In the Philippines, its flowers, together with the flowers of the sampaguita, are strung into a necklace (lei) and worn by women and used to adorn religious images. Ylang-ylang is a common flavoring in Madagascar for ice cream.

Traditional Medicinal Uses: It is used for asthma, malaria, fever, cholera, typhoid, scabies, dermatitis, ulcer and wounds. The seeds are used for stomach complaints with fever and in Indonesia, the bark is used for scabies.[3] In Malaysia, a paste of fresh flowers is applied to the chest for asthma and to treat malaria. In Solomon islands, a paste of fresh flowers is applied to boils while in India, the essential oil from the flowers makes an external remedy for cephalgia, ophthalmia and gout. [ A Guide to Medicinal Plants An Illustrated - Scientific and Medicinal Approach] Anti-rheumatism, antimalarial, antidiarrhoeal.
The oil obtained by distillation of the flowers is the Cananga oil or ylang-ylang oil, which is used to make perfumes. Cananga oil added to  coconut oil and other ingredients makes the Macassar oil which was so familiar to the well-groomed Victorian and Edwardian males.The British Standards Institution has published standard specifications for Cananga oil (BS 2991/1:1965). Cananga oil contains geraniol, linalool esters of acetic and benzoic acids, p-cresol methyl ester, cadidene, some sesquiterpenes and phenols [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]

34 Published articles of Cananga odorata