Koelreuteria paniculata, Golden Rain-tree, Կելրեյթերիա հուրանավոր, Китайски мехурник, 栾树, Svitel latnatý, Kinesertræ, Rakkopuu, Rispiger Blasenbaum, Bugás csörgőfa, mukogenji, 모감주나무, കനകമഴമരം, باران طلایی, Roztrzeplin wiechowaty, Coreutéria, Кёльрейтерия метельчатая, Jabonero de la China, Kinesträd

Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.
Family: Sapindaceae

Synonyms: Koelreuteria apiculata Rehder & E.H. Wilson, Koelreuteria bipinnata var. apiculata (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) F.C. How & C.N. Ho, Koelreuteria chinensis (Murray) Hoffmanns., Koelreuteria paniculata var. apiculata (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Rehder, Koelreuteria paniculata var. lixianensis H.L Tsiang, Paullinia aurea Radlk., Sapindus chinensis Murray, Sapindus paniculata (Laxm.) Dum.Cours.

• English: Golden Rain-tree
• Armenian: Կելրեյթերիա հուրանավոր
• Bulgarian: Китайски мехурник
• Chinese: 栾树
• Czech: Svitel latnatý
• Danish: Kinesertræ
• Finnish: Rakkopuu
• German: Rispiger Blasenbaum
• Hungarian: Bugás csörgőfa
• Japanese: mukogenji
• Korean: 모감주나무
• Malayalam: കനകമഴമരം
• Persian: باران طلایی
• Polish: Roztrzeplin wiechowaty
• Portuguese: Coreutéria
• Russian: Кёльрейтерия метельчатая
• Spanish: Jabonero de la China
• Swedish: Kinesträd

Description: Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Bark grayish brown to black, stout, fissured when dry; lenticels gray to dark brown, small; branches tuberculate, appressed pubescent or glabrous with axes and petioles. Leaves fascicled on young branches, spreading, pinnate, imperfectly bipinnate, or sometimes bipinnate, to 50 cm; leaflets (7-)11-18 (terminal one sometimes connate with uppermost pair below middle), sessile or very shortly petiolate, opposite or alternate, ovate or broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (3-)5-10 × 3-6 cm, papery, abaxially barbate on vein axils, sometimes tomentose, or densely pale yellow pubescent, adaxially scattered appressed pubescent on midvein, base obtuse to subtruncate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin irregularly obtusely serrate, teeth mucronate at tips, sometimes teeth near base sparse and fissured, or pinnately lobed. Thyrses 25-40 cm, densely pilosulose, branches spreading and long, cymes on last branches 3-6-flowered, densely arranged and capitate; bracts narrowly lanceolate, scabrous-hairy. Flowers pale yellow, slightly fragrant. Pedicels 2.5-5 mm. Sepals ovate, margin glandular ciliate, erose. Petals 4, reflexed when flowering, linear-oblong, 5-9 mm, claw 1-2.5 mm, villous; scale yellow at first, orange when flowering, irregularly fissured, tuberculate, appressed hairy. Stamens 8, 7-9 mm in male flowers, 4-5 mm in female ones; filaments densely spreading white villous at lower half. Disk oblique, with obtuse lobes. Ovary trigonous, glabrous except on ridges; rudimentary ovary densely hispidulous. Capsules conical, 4-6 cm, 3-ridged, apex acuminate; carpels ovoid, abaxially reticulate veined, adaxially smooth and slightly shiny. Seeds subglobose, 6-8 mm in diam.

117 Published articles of Koelreuteria paniculata

Dalbergia sissoo, Indian rosewood, Shinshapa, Irugudu, Totakatti, Beete, સીસમ, Viitti, ਟਾਹਲੀ, סיסם הוד, Sitral, جگ, ਟਾਹਲੀ

Dalbergia sissoo DC
Family: Fabaceae

• Common name: Indian rosewood
• Hindi: Shisham शीशम
• Manipuri: Sissu
• Bengali: Sitral
• Persian: جگ
• Gujrati: સીસમ
• Kannada: ಬೀಟೆ Beete
• Malayalam: വീട്ടി Viitti, കരിവീട്ടി Karivittti
• Marati: शिसवी
• Punjabi: ਟਾਹਲੀ
• Sanskrit: शिंशपा Shimshapa
• Tamil: சிசே மரம், தோதகத்தி Totakatti, நூக்கம் Nukkam
• Telugu: ఇరుగుడు,  Irugudu
• Urdu: شیشم
• Hebrew: סיסם הודי

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Powdered wood, leaves and seed oil to treat skin diseases, leprosy, boils; heartwood of Dalbergia sissoo stem is boiled in Guizotia abyssinica oil and this oil applied to cure eczema. Bark juice given to treat inflammation, cholera and burning urination; stem barks of Ficus virens, Ficus benghalensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica and Tamarindus indica boiled and the extract given to cure leucorrhea. Leaves insecticide, antimalarial, used as a stimulant and to treat gonorrhea and wounds; fresh leaf decoction for gonorrhea, vomiting, impotency, spermatorrhea; juice of leaf with jaggery taken in case of dysuria; leaves juice mixed with sugar and curd given to cure blood dysentery. Stem pulp mixed with sugar and given to cure dysentery and headache. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Charaka used the expressed juice of the leaves or tender bark, in prescriptions, internally, for senility and debility. Sushruta prescribed the drug in obesity, seminal weakness, urethral discharges, urinary calculi; in scabies and chronic skin diseases, internally as well as externally. According to Sushruta, the decoction of the drug was a specific remedy for leucorrhoea and other vaginal discharges. Concentrated extract of the heartwood in milk was prescribed in fevers (Sushruta Samhitaa, Ashtaanga Hridaya); extract of leaves in jaundice; bark extract as an anti­ inflammatory agent in piles, sciatica, and as a blood purifier (Sushruta Samhitaa, Bangasena, Bhaavaprakaasha). The oil was used externally in skin diseases and inflected ulcers (Dhanvantari Nighantu). In Unani medicine, the drug is used for treating wounds, cutaneous affections and burning syndrome. The liquid, collected by burning the wood, is applied over ringworm. The drug is also used as an anthelmintic and emmenagogue. [Indian Herbal Remedies ]

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Two varieties of Simsapa are mentioned in Ayurveda (Dhanvantari Nighantu, prior to the thirteenth century). The second variety is
equated with D. latifolia Roxb. In Kerala, heart wood of Xylia xylocarpa Roxb. Taub. is used as Śimśapā.

Stem bark: obstinate skin diseases including leprosy, leucoderma, worms, urinary  diseases, non-healing ulcers, peripheral neuritis, pruritus, hiccough, swelling, erysipelas, and sinusitis. Heart wood: additionally for urinary gravel, diabetes, piles, abdominal lumps, lithiasis,  diarrhea, blood diseases, cachexia, anemia, emesis, lipuria, and all types of fevers. [Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial Plant Drugs: Expanded Therapeutics]

Fevers, pyuria, skin diseases and worm infestation. [Compendia of World’s Medicinal Flora]

Uses:  leaves  - bitter stimulant,  decoction of  leaves-useful  in gonorrhoea.  Roots-astringent.  Wood-alterative,  useful  in  leprosy,  boils,  eruptions  and  allay  vomiting. [Medicinal Plants of Iraq]

Leaves are used against hotness of body. [Medicinal Plants of Sindh : Indigenous Knowledge and Scientific Facts]

Marchantia polymorpha, Liverwort, ゼニゴケ, Brunnenlebermoos, Hépatique des fontaines, Լերդամամուռ սովորական

Marchantia polymorpha L.
Family: Marchantiaceae

• Common name: Liverwort
• Arabic: كبدية مائية
• Czech: Porostnice mnohotvárná
• German: Brunnenlebermoos
• French: Hépatique des fontaines
• Armenian: Լերդամամուռ սովորական
• Japanese: ゼニゴケ
• Polish: Porostnica wielokształtna
• Russian: Маршанция изменчивая
• Romanian: Fierea pământului
• Finnish: Keuhkosammal
• Islandic: Stjörnumosi
• Vietnamese: Địa tiền
• Swedish: Lungmossa
• Chinese: 全缘地钱
  

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Description: Common liverwort has a flat, branching form. The thallus is generally 0.8 to 4 inches (2-10 cm) long and 0.3 to 0.8 inch (7-20 mm) broad. Thalli are dichotomously branched and exhibit apical growth. Numerous rhizoids attach the gametophyte (thallus) to the soil. Smooth rhizoids penetrate the soil, while tuberculate rhizoids run horizontally along the surface of the plant. Common liverwort is dioecious.

Marchantia polymorpha was used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, liver-related ailments and also boil. [Therapeutic Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Extracts _ Pharmacognosy]

Marchantia polymorpha, has, as the name indicates, enjoyed an age-old reputation, propagated in herbals, as a remedy for liver complaints.  plants were valued instead as a cure for colds and consumption, for ‘a binding at the heart’ and as a diuretic for dropsy.  Plant served at one time as a remedy for asthma. [Medicinal Plants in Folk Tradition - An Ethnobotany of Britain & Ireland]

399 Published articles of Marchantia polymorpha