Primula denticulata, Drumstick Primrose, Palloesikko, Nitaha, Kugel-Primel

Primula denticulata Sm.
Family: Primulaceae

English: Drumstick Primrose
Chinese: qiu hua bao chun, 球花报春
Finnish: Palloesikko
German: Kugel-Primel
India: bishjopra, chailaduer,  Nitaha
Tibet:  Keechey

Description: Perennial, stems  15-20 cm high, basal leaves in a rosette, spherical  inflorescence  on  a  strong  stalk.  Seeds  angular, dentate  at  edges,  0.8-0.9  x  0.6-0.7 mm.  Surface waved,  slight  lustrous,  dark-brown. [Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European Flora]

Poisonous  to  cattle.  Plant  used  externally  as  anodyne. Leaves, roots and flowers for cough and cold. Powder of roots used for killing leeches. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Root—powder used for killing leeches. Flowers—eaten in salad. The whole plant contains several triterpenoid saponins. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

 

Published articles of Primula denticulata

 

1.    Bhatt, H., S. Saklani, and K. Upadhayay, ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Primula denticulata FLOWERS. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 2016. 27(2): p. 74-79.
2.    Hayashi, M., et al., Unreduced 3x gamete formation of allotriploid hybrid derived from the cross of Primula denticulata (4x) x P. rosea (2x) as a causal factor for producing pentaploid hybrids in the backcross with pollen of tetraploid P. denticulata. Euphytica, 2009. 169(1): p. 123-131.
3.    Zhang, R.L., Q.X. Zhang, and D.L. Zhang, Population diversity of Primula denticulata Smith ssp sinodenticulata (Balf.f. et forr.) W.W. Smith et Forr. as revealed by AFLP markers. Hortscience, 2008. 43(3): p. 595-595.
4.    Hayashi, M., et al., Variation of ploidy level in inter-section hybrids obtained by reciprocal crosses between tetraploid Primula denticulata (2n=4x=44) and diploid P-rosea (2n=2x=22). Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2007. 82(1): p. 5-10.
5.    Hayashi, M., et al., Inter-sectional hybrids with various ploidy levels between Primula denticulata and three varieties of P-modesta. Breeding Science, 2007. 57(2): p. 165-173.
6.    Tokalov, S.V., et al., Biological effects of epicuticular flavonoids from Primula denticulata on human leukemia cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004. 52(2): p. 239-245.
7.    Aplin, C., R. Tan, and C. Lovell, Allergic contact dermatitis from Primula auricula and Primula denticulata. Contact Dermatitis, 2000. 42(1): p. 48-48.
8.    Wollenweber, E., et al., 5-HYDROXY-6,2'-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE FROM PRIMULA-DENTICULATA. Phytochemistry, 1990. 29(2): p. 633-637.
9.    Ahmad, V.U., V. Sultana, and Q.N. Saqib, TRITERPENOID SAPONINS FROM PRIMULA-DENTICULATA. Planta Medica, 1990. 56(1): p. 94-97.
10.    Ahmad, V.U., et al., SAPONINS FROM PRIMULA-DENTICULATA. Phytochemistry, 1988. 27(1): p. 304-306.
11.    Zimmer, K., FLOWERING OF PRIMULA-DENTICULATA SMITH. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 1986. 51(6): p. 250-254.
12.    Ahmad, V.U., Q.N. Saqib, and K. Usmanghani, PRIDENTIGENIN-E,A TRITERPENOID SAPOGENIN FROM PRIMULA-DENTICULATA. Phytochemistry, 1980. 19(8): p. 1875-1876.
13.    Ahmad, V.U., et al., NEW TRITERPENOID FROM PRIMULA-DENTICULATA. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section B-a Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1980. 35(4): p. 511-512.
14.    Shah, C.S. and V.M. Sukkawala, PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF ROOTS OF PRIMULA DENTICULATA SMITH. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 1961. C 20(2): p. 57-+.
15.    Blasdale, W.C., THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOLID SECRETION PRODUCED BY PRIMULA DENTICULATA. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1945. 67(3): p. 491-493.

Geranium lucidum, Glansnava, Glanzender Storchschnabel, Blizgantysis snaputis

 

Geranium lucidum L.
Family: Geraniaceae

Synonyms: Geranium camaense C.C.Huang, Geranium columbinum Garsault, Geranium laevigatum Royle, Geranium raii Lindl., Robertium lucidum Picard

• English: Shining Crane’s-bill shining geranium
• Bulgarian: Блестящ здравец
• Dutch: Glanzige ooievaarsbek
• Estonian: Läikiv kurereha
• Finnish:  Kiiltokurjenpolvi
• French: Geranium luisant
• German: Glanzender Storchschnabel
• Lithuanian: Blizgantysis snaputis
• Swedish: Glansnava

Description: Annual, glabrous to subglabrous. Stem ascending, often reddish. Leaves suborbicular to reniform, palmatipartite, 10-40 mm broad; lamina often sparse pilose. Segments usually 3-lobed, lobes obtuse, mucronate. Stipules 1.5-2.5 mm long, broad lanceolate, glabrous. Petiole and peduncles unilaterally pubescent. Sepals 5-7 mm long, ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous, transversely rugose (the wrinkles prominent in dry state), awn c. 1 mm long. Petals longer than the sepals, spathulate, reddish pink, claw narrow. Filament base scarcely dilated, glabrous. Beak 7-8 mm long, glabrous. Mericarps longitudinally rugose-reticulate, along suture glandular-uncinate. Seed 2 mm long, oblong, reddish, glabrous, lower end with a black protuberance

Publications:
1. Traditional Chinese medicinal composition used for treating insomnia, comprises lily, magnetite, Geranium strictipes, Ganoderma lucidum, cornu cervi pantotrichum, caulis polygoni multiflori, seed of thorny jujube tree and ruminant skin
Patent Number: CN104606469-A, Patent Assignee: SUN H

2. Health-care medicinal liquor useful for treating gastritis, enteritis and sprain, comprises radix bardanae, Rosa roxburghii Tratt, radix notoginseng, Geranium sibiricum and Ganoderma lucidum seu japonicum
Patent Number: CN102764361-A; CN102764361-B

3. Health-maintaining medicine used for tonifying kidney and expelling wind, comprises mulberry, shelled semen biotae, Saussurea involucrata, Geranium, Tremella, medlar, Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and yellow wine
Patent Number: CN102965257-A, Patent Assignee: SHAOXING GUHUANG VINTAGE CO LTD

4. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Geranium columbinum L. and G. lucidum L. (Geraniaceae) By: Radulovic, Niko; Dekic, Milan; Radic, Zorica Stojanovic; et al.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY  Volume: 35   Issue: 3   Pages: 499-512   Published: 2011
5. Treating composition for digestive diseases of fowl and livestock, contains baikal skullcap root, acalypha australis, cherokee rose, herba euphorbiae hurmifusae, geranium wilfordii, sanguisorba, figwort, and fruits of ligustrum lucidum
Patent Number: CN101049375-A; CN100525800-C, Patent Assignee: WUXI ZHENGDA POULTRY CO LTD; ZHENGDA LIVESTOCKS&FOWLS CO LTD

6. Platycercus elegans cleaning product for suppressing and eradicating various bacterias comprises specific amounts of extract of ganoderam lucidum karst, prunella spike, Canscora Lam, geranium, vanilla and balancing base material
Patent Number: CN1670168-A, Patent Assignee: WANG H

7. PERENOSPORA-CONGLOMERATA A NEW DOWNY MILDEW ON GERANIUM-LUCIDUM
By: AHMAD S T; SINHA V C
Indian Phytopathology  Volume: 27   Issue: 1   Pages: 106   Published: 1974

8. Geranium lucidum L im sudlichen Berner Jura
By: BERGER, E.
BER SCHWEIZ BOT GES  Volume: 66   Pages: 147-153   Published: 1956

Urginea coromandeliana, Drimia indica, Indian squill, adavi ulligadda, Vishamangi

 

Urginea coromandeliana Hook.f.
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop
Family: Asparagaceae

English: Indian squill, white squill
Telugu: adavi ulligadda,
Malayalam: Kanthanga, Kattulli, Vishamangi

Description: Perennial; bulbous geophyte; bulb tunicated, white, 2.5-4 cm across, globose. Leaves radicle, 10-15 × 0.5-1 cm, thick, canaliculated, acute.  Flowers drooping, dull green, 1 cm long, 3-4mm across, 3-merous, racemosely, laxly arranged on 15-30 cm long, stiff scape; pedicel 0.4-0.5 cm long. Perianth lobes 6 in 2 whorls of 3 each, linear oblong, tips of inner 3 puberulous. Stamens 6, inserted, connate with perianth lobes at base; anthers yellow, oblong. thin, campanulate. Ovary sessile, 3 loculed, ovules many in each cell; style filiform, stigmas capitate. Fruiting scape elongates to 40-60 cm long. Capsule 1cm across, deeply 3-lobed, loculicidal, 3-valved. Seeds orbicular, flat, 0.5 cm across, black.

Note: The Plant List treated this species as synonym of Drimia indica (Roxb.)Jessop. But due to the differences it is treated separately as per Gamble’s F.P.M and F.B.I.

Used in Ayurveda,  Unani  and  Sidha.  Poisonous, in large  doses  bulb  is  emetic  and  cathartic,  in  excessive  doses  is  a  narcotic acrid poison; nauseous bitter young bulbous roots  expectorant and diuretic if taken in small doses. Juice of the leaves causes cutaneous irritation. Leaves heated and tied on stomach for stomachache. Bulb as cardiac stimulant, diuretic, for chronic bronchitis; bulb juice employed in small doses in asthma, cough and whooping cough; powder used in asthma and tuberculosis; fresh tubers ground and used as a poultice for  the  treatment  of  swelling,  sprain  and  joint  pains,  antifungal, chitinolytic, antiangiogenic and proapoptotic; paste  of bulb warmed along with jaggery and applied to remove  corns; bulb paste given for abortion. Potent in vivo antitumor activity against growth of an ascites tumor, mouse mammary carcinoma. Veterinary medicine, fresh bulb for curing stomach pain of cow and buffalo; paste of tuber with cow urine  applied locally on eczema, carbuncles, wounds and tumour;  juice of bulb given in asthma and to promote reproduction;  bulb of Urginea indica and tuberous roots of Ampelocissus  tomentosa made into a paste and applied over abscess and  sore  throat;  leaves  of  Andrographis  paniculata  along  with  those  of  Vitex  negundo,  Cardiospermum  halicacabum,  tubers of Curculigo orchioides and Urginea indica pounded  and extract given for ephemeral fever. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Publications:
   
1. NATURAL TETRAPLOID OF URGINEA-COROMANDELIANA HK F
By: NAIK, VN
CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 42   Issue: 12   Pages: 439-440   Published: 1973

2. CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GAMMEXANE ON SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF URGINEA COROMANDELIANA HOOK F
By: DATTA, N
CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 35   Issue: 3   Pages: 75-&   Published: 1966

3. Cytological effects of gammexane on somatic chromosomes of Urginea coromandeliana Hook. F.
By: NITYANANDA DATTA.
Current Science  Volume: 35   Pages: 75-76   Published: 1966

4. Cytology of Urginea coromandeliana Hook [Liliaceae 2n = 20]
By: DATTA, NTTYANAKDA
SCI CULT  Volume: 32   Issue: (2)   Pages: 97-99   Published: 1966

Drimia indica:
   
1. Diversity of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop and its relationship to Drimia nagarjunae using phenotypic traits and molecular markers
By: Alluri, Narendranath; Shivakameshwari, M. N.; Manohar, S. H.; et al.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 53   Issue: 6   Pages: 412-416   Published: JUN 2015

2. Herbal composition useful for treating mastitis, comprises combination of extracts of plants Emilia sonchifolia, Ficus racemosa, Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Asparagus racemosus, and Drimia indica
Patent Number: IN201101012-I4

3. Anthelmintic and antimicrobial studies of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop. bulb aqueous extracts.
By: Chittoor, M. S.; Binny, A. J. R.; Yadlapalli, S. K.; et al.
Journal of Pharmacy Research  Volume: 5   Issue: 7   Pages: 3677-3686   Published: 2012