Monday, July 16, 2012

Strychnos potatorum Thethaan Chilli Nirmali

Strychnos potatorum L.f.
Family: Loganiaceae
Synonyms: Strychnos heterodoxa, Strychnos stuhlmannii
Bengali: Nirmali
English: Clearing nut, Water purifing fruit
French: Noix floculante, Noix tamoule,
Hindi: निर्मलि Nirmali, Chillikavi,
Malayalam: Tettamaram, Tettamparal
Marathi: chilbeej चिल् बीज्, निवळी nivli
Oriya: Kotaku
Sanskrit: कथक् Kathak, कतक, Katak, Kataka, Kataka, Ambuprasada
Tamil name: Thethaan, Thethaangkottai தேத்தான், தேத்தாங்கொட்டை
Telugu: చిల్లి Chilli, chilli ginjalu చిల్లి గింజలు (seeds), ఇండుపు
Ayurvedic uses: Aruchi, Krimi, Prameha, Mutra kruchha, Mutrasmari, Trushna, Sula, Netra roga, Sarkara meha, Rakta abhisyanda, Vrischika visha, Apasmara, Diaphoretic, alexeteric, demulcent.

Seeds are used in dysuria, polyuria, urolithiasis, also in epilepsy. The seeds, leaves and trunk bark gave diabolin (major alkaloid) and acetyldiabolin. Seeds alsogavebrucine, strychnine, novacine, icajine, oleanolic acid and its glycoside. Leaves and bark gave isomotiol, stigmasterol, campesterol and sitosterol. Diabolin exhibits hypotensive activity. A decoction of seeds is given to treat stammering. The seeds resemble those of Nuxvomica but are non-poisonous. The ripe seeds are used for clearing muddy water.

Siddha uses: Mantam, Paci, Pun, Vellai, Veppu

38 Published articles on Strychnos potatorum
1.    Binding of cadmium to Strychnos potatorum seed proteins in aqueous solution: Adsorption kinetics and relevance to water purification
Saif Mohammad Mansour Saleh; Kumar N. Siva; Prasad M. N. V.; COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES  Volume: 94   Pages: 73-79   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.039   Published: JUN 1 2012
2.    Assessment of the in-vivo and in-vitro antioxidant potential of Strychnos potatorum Linn. seeds in Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rats
Ekambaram Sanmuga Priya; Perumal Senthamil Selvan; Subramanian Venkataraman; JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH  Volume: 5   Issue: 19   Pages: 4780-4787   Published: SEP 23 2011
3.    Antianaphylactic and mast cell stabilization activity of Strychnos potatorum Linn. seed.
Patil Umesh Jayantarao; Savali Anil Sidram; Jirankali Manjunath C; Pharmacognosy research  Volume: 3   Issue: 3   Pages: 208-13   Published: 2011-Jul
4.    Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds in Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rat model
Ekambaram Sanmugapriya; Perumal Senthamil Selvan; Subramanian Venkataraman; BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE  Volume: 10     Article Number: 56   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-56   Published: OCT 13 2010
5.    Antinociceptive and Antipyretic Effects of Strychnos potatorum Linn. Seeds on Experimental Rats
Sanmugapriya E.; Venkataraman S.; INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 6   Issue: 5   Pages: 681-685   Published: SEP-OCT 2010
6.    In Vitro Antimicrobial Screening of Alkaloid Fractions from Strychnos potatorum
Mallikharjuna P. B.; Seetharam Y. N.; E-JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY  Volume: 6   Issue: 4   Pages: 1200-1204   Published: OCT-DEC 2009
7.    Biosorption of lead from aqueous solution by seed powder of Strychnos potatorum L.
Jayaram K.; Murthy I. Y. L. N.; Lalhruaitluanga H.; et al.; COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES  Volume: 71   Issue: 2   Pages: 248-254   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.02.016   Published: JUL 1 2009
8.    Antiulcerogenic potential of Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds on Aspirin plus pyloric ligation-induced ulcers in experimental rats
Sanmugapriya E.; Venkataraman S.; PHYTOMEDICINE  Volume: 14   Issue: 5   Pages: 360-365   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.025   Published: MAY 2007
9.    Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Strychnos potatorum L.f. seed extracts
Mallikharjuna P. B.; Seetharam Y. N.; Geobios (Jodhpur)  Volume: 34   Issue: 2-3   Pages: 137-140   Published: APR-JUL 2007
10.    Anti-inflammatory effect of Strychnos potatorum seeds on acute and subacute inflammation in experimental rat models
Priya E. Sanmuga; Venkataraman S.; PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 45   Issue: 6   Pages: 435-439   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200701388922   Published: 2007
11.    Toxicological investigations on Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds in experimental animal models
Sanmugapriya Ekambaram; Venkataraman Subramanian; JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE  Volume: 52   Issue: 4   Pages: 339-343   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs.52.339   Published: AUG 2006
12.    Studies on hepatoprotective and antioxidant actions of Strychnos potatorum Linn. seeds on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury in experimental rats
Sanmugapriya E; Venkataraman S; JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 105   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 154-160   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.028   Published: APR 21 2006
13.    Chemical investigation of the seed oil of Strychnos potatorum and spectroscopic estimation of linoleic and linolenic acids
Indrayan AK; Kumar N; Tyagi PK; et al.; INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION B-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INCLUDING MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY  Volume: 44   Issue: 6   Pages: 1324-1326   Published: JUN 2005
14.    Role of storage fungi in germination of Strychnos potatorum Linn. f. Suppl.
Dadwal V. S.; Bisen S. S.; Chaurasia M.; et al.; Indian Forester  Volume: 129   Issue: 10   Pages: 1297-1299   Published: October 2003
15.    Antidiarrhoeal activity of Strychnos potatorum seed extract in rats
Biswas S; Murugesan T; Sinha S; et al.; FITOTERAPIA  Volume: 73   Issue: 1   Pages: 43-47   Article Number: PII S0367-326X(01)00368-9   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00368-9   Published: FEB 2002
16.    Study on the diuretic activity of Strychnos potatorum Linn. seed extract in albino rats
Biswas S; Murugesan T; Maiti K; et al.; PHYTOMEDICINE  Volume: 8   Issue: 6   Pages: 469-471   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/S0944-7113(04)70067-7   Published: NOV 2001
17.    COMPOSITION OF THE COAGULANT POLYSACCHARIDE FRACTION FROM STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM SEEDS
ADINOLFI M; CORSARO MM; LANZETTA R; et al.; CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH  Volume: 263   Issue: 1   Pages: 103-110   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)00149-9   Published: OCT 3 1994
18.    ALKALOIDS FROM ROOTS OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM
MASSIOT G; THEPENIER P; JACOUIER MJ; et al.; PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 31   Issue: 8   Pages: 2873-2876   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83650-N   Published: AUG 1992
19.    REVISED STRUCTURE AND ANTIHYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY OF A MANNOGALACTAN FROM STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM
RAO E V; RAMANA K S; RAO M V; Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences  Volume: 53   Issue: 2   Pages: 53-57   Published: 1991
20.    COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSY OF STRYCHNOS-NUX-VOMICA AND STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM STEM BARKS
CHAKRABORTI S; MUKHERJI A; DATTA P C; International Journal of Crude Drug Research  Volume: 26   Issue: 2   Pages: 121-126   Published: 1988
21.    STUDIES ON THE HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM AND ACACIA-ARABICA ON ALLOXAN DIABETES IN RABBITS
MATHURAM LN; SAMANNA HC; RAMASWAMY VM; et al.; CHEIRON  Volume: 10   Issue: 1   Pages: 1-5   Published: 1981
22.    INVESTIGATION OF STRYCHNOS SPP .6. PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ALKALOIDS OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM SEEDS
SINGH H; KAPOOR VK; PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 38   Issue: 2   Pages: 133-137   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1074848   Published: 1980
23.    CHEMISTRY OF THE MANNOGALACTAN FROM THE SEEDS OF STRYCHNOS POTATORUM
RAO EV; RAO MV; PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 35   Issue: 1   Pages: 66-70   Published: 1979
24.    ISOMOTIOL - NEW TRITERPENE FROM STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM
SINGH H; KAPOOR VK; PIOZZI F; et al.; PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 17   Issue: 1   Pages: 154-155   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89704-6   Published: 1978
25.    STUDIES ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SEEDS OF STRYCHNOS POTATORUM L .1.
SINGH AK; DHAR DN; PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 32   Issue: 4   Pages: 362-367   Published: 1977
26.    STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE POLY SACCHARIDE OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM SEEDS
RAO M V; RAO E V; Indian Journal of Pharmacy  Volume: 39   Issue: 6   Pages: 164   Published: 1977
27.    INVESTIGATION OF STRYCHNOS-SPP .4. PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ALKALOIDS OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM
SINGH H; KAPOOR KV; PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 29   Issue: 3   Pages: 226-233   Published: 1976
28.    INVESTIGATION OF STRYCHNOS-SPP .3. STUDY OF TRITERPENES AND STEROLS OF STRYCHNOS POTATORUM SEEDS
SINGH H; KAPOOR VK; MANHAS MS; PLANTA MEDICA  Volume: 28   Issue: 4   Pages: 392-396   Published: 1975
29.    Pharmacological investigation of an alkaloid fraction isolated from Strychnos potatorum Linn.
Ali M M; Ghatak B J; Indian journal of experimental biology  Volume: 13   Issue: 2   Pages: 163-7   Published: 1975-Mar
30.    CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF FIXED OIL FROM SEEDS OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM LINN-F .1. MIXED FATTY-ACIDS
SINGH A; BAJPAI RK; JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY  Volume: 52   Issue: 8   Pages: 768-769   Published: 1975
31.    DIABOLINE FROM STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM
SINGH H; KAPOOR VK; PHILLIPSON JD; et al.; PHYTOCHEMISTRY  Volume: 14   Issue: 2   Pages: 587-588   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85141-7   Published: 1975
32.    PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF AN ALKALOID FRACTION ISOLATED FROM STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM LINN
MOHAMEDALI M; GHATAK BJR; INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 13   Issue: 2   Pages: 163-167   Published: 1975
33.    INVESTIGATION OF STRYCHNOS SPP .1. STUDY OF SEED OIL OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM
SINGH H; KAPOOR VK; LLOYDIA-THE JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS  Volume: 36   Issue: 3   Pages: 357-358   Published: 1973
34.    STUDY OF TRI TERPENES AND STEROLS OF STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM SEEDS
SINGH H; KAPOOR V K; Indian Journal of Pharmacy  Volume: 35   Issue: 6   Pages: 206-207   Published: 1973
35.    CONFIRMATION OF THE SYNONYMY OF STRYCHNOS-STUHLMANNII AND STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM BY ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE WOOD
DECHAMPS R; Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique  Volume: 41   Issue: 2   Pages: 287-288   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3667641   Published: 1971
36.    TREATMENT OF COAL WASHERY WASTES BY COAGULATION STRYCHNOS-POTATORUM NIRMALI SEED
RAO M N; SASTRY C A; Environmental Health (Nagpur)  Volume: 10   Issue: 4   Pages: 265-276   Published: 1968
37.    MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF SEEDS OF STRYCHNOS NUX-BLANDA, HILL, AND STRYCHNOS POTATORUM, LINN
TURNER TD; DAVIES JM; JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 15   Issue: 9   Pages: 594-&   Published: 1963
38.    Study of Nirmali (Strychnos potatorum seeds. I.)
HAKSAR C. N.; KENDURKAR S. G.; VIKRAM  Volume: 4   Issue: (3)   Pages: 141-145   Published: 1960
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indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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