Thursday, May 9, 2013

Syzygium jambos, Golap Jam, Malabar plum, Rose apple, Jambuneredu, Pannerale

Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
Family: Myrtaceae
Synonyms: Eugenia decora Salisb., Eugenia jamboides Wender., Eugenia jambos L, Eugenia jambosa Crantz, Eugenia malaccensis Blanco [Illegitimate], Eugenia maiaccensist. cericarpa (O.Deg.) H.St.John, Eugenia monantha Merr., Eugenia vulgaris Baill., Jambos jambos (L.) Millsp., Jambosa jambos (L.) Millsp., Jambosa malaccensisl. cericarpa O.Deg., Jambosa paiembanica Blume, Jambosa vulgaris DC. [Illegitimate], Myrtus jambos (L.) Kunth, Plinia jambos (L.) M.Gomez, Syzygium jambos var. linearilimbum H.T.Chang & R.H.Miao, Syzygium merrillii Masam. [Illegitimate], Syzygium monanthum (Merr.) Merr. & L.M.Perry,

Sanskrit: Campeyah, Raaj-Jambu
Bengali: Golap Jam
Malabar plum, Rose apple
Hindi: Gulab jamun गुलाब जामुन
Malayalam: Malakkacampa
Kannada: Pannerale
Assamese: Golapi-jamuk
Telugu: Jambuneredu, జంబునేరేడు
Marathi: जांब Jamb
Tamil: Champai

English: Jambos, Malabar Plum, Plum Rose, Rose-apple * Afrikaans : Jamboes; * Argentina : Yambo; * Brazil : Jambo Rosa, Jambeiro, Jambo Amarelo ( Portuguese ); * Burmese : Thabyu Thabye; * Chinese : Pu Ta; * Columbia : Manzana Rosa; * Cook Islands : Ka‘Ika, Ka‘Ika Papa‘Ā, Ka‘Ika * Takataka, Ka‘Ika Varāni ( Maori ); * Cuba : Pomarrosa Manzana Rosa; * Czech : Hřebíčkovec Molucký; * Danish : Jambo; * Dominican Republic : Pomarrosa Pomo; * Eastonian : Jambu-Nelgipuu; * Fijian : Kavika, Kavika Ni India, Kavika Ni Vavalangi; * French : Pome Rose, Pommier Rose, Jambosier; * Germany : Rosenapfelbaum, Jambubaum, Rosenapfel; * Guatemala : Manzana Rosa; * Hawaiaan : ‘Ohi‘A Loke; * India : Golapi-Jamuk ( Assamese ), Gulab Jamun ( Hindu) , Pannerale ( Kannada ), Malakkacampa, Yamu Panawa ( Malayalam ), Jamb ( Marathi ), * Champai ( Tamil ), Jambuneredu ( Telugu ); * Indonesia : Jambu Mawar, Jambu Air Mawar, Jambu Kraton; * Japanese : Futo Momo; * Khmer : Châm-Puu; * Laos : Chièng, Kièng; * Malaysia : Jambu Mawar, Jambu Kelampok; * Nepale : Gulaav Jaamun, Thulo Jamun; * Philippines : Tampoy, Tampoi ( Bikol ), Bunlaun, * Yampoi ( Bisaya) , Tanpul ( Ibanag ), Balobar ( Pampangan), Bunlauan ( Panay Bisaya), Tampoy, * Tampoi ( Tagalog); * Pohnpeian : Apel En Wai, Iouen Wai, Youenwai; * Portuguese : Jambo Amarelo, Jambo Branco, Jambo Rosa, Jambeiro; * Puerto Rico : Jambo Amarillo, Manzana Rosa, * Manzanita Rosa, Pomarrosa; * Russian : Sitsigiui Dzhamboza; * Samoan : Seasea Pālagi, Seasea Papalagi; * Spanish : Manzana Rosa, Pomarrosa, Manzanita De Rosa, Yambo; * Surinam : Pommeroos, Appelroos; * Swedish : Rosenäpple; * Tahitian : Ahi‘A Papa‘A; * Thailand : Chompu-Nam Dok Mai ( Central ), Manom Hom ( North ), * Tongan : Fekika Papalangi; * Vietnamese : Lý, Bô Dào, Roi.

Eugenia jambos is an antipyretic and antiinfl ammatory herb of Asian folk medicine. All parts of the rose-apple tree have been reported to be used in traditional medicine in the tropics. Several parts of the tree are used medicinally as a tonic or a diuretic. Bark, leaves and seeds are medicinally used. In Indo-China, all parts of the tree are used as a digestive, a stimulant and a remedy for tooth troubles. In Upper Myanmar, the leaves are boiled and the decoction applied to sore eyes. The leaf decoction also serves as a diuretic and expectorant and treatment for rheumatism. An infusion of the leaves is given for fever in Cambodia. Powdered leaves have been rubbed on the bodies of smallpox patients for the cooling effect. A conserve of the fl owers is considered cooling. A sweetened preparation of the fl owers is believed to reduce fever. The seeds are employed against diarrhoea, dysentery and catarrh. In El Salvador and Nicaragua, an infusion of roasted, powdered seeds is employed as a remedy for diabetics. In Colombian folk medicine, the seeds are believed to have an anaesthetic property. The bark contains 7–12.4% tannin and has emetic and cathartic properties. The decoction of the bark is administered to relieve asthma, bronchitis and hoarseness. Cuban people believe that the root is an effective remedy for epilepsy. [T.K. Lim, Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits]

Fruit—used in liver complaints. Bark—astringent, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric. Leaves—astringent, anti-inflammatory. The juice of fresh fruit contains alanine, aspartic acid, cystine or cysteine, glutamine, threonine and tyrosine.The essential oil, obtained from leaves, is a good source of dl-alpha-pinene In Brazil, a decoction of dry leaves is given in diabetes. Aerial parts exhibit diuretic activity  [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Parts used: Bark, leaves, fruit
Uses: Astringent, diuretic [Medicinal Plants by P. P. Joy, J. Thomas, Samuel Mathew, Baby P. Skaria]
Fruit: In French Guiana, used as an ingredient in an agreeably perfumed and refreshing lemonade. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

40 Published articles of Syzygium jambos
1.    Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of an ethanol extract of Syzygium jambos (L.) leaves.
Islam, M R; Parvin, M S; Islam, M E - Drug discoveries & therapeutics  Volume: 6   Issue: 4   Pages: 205-11   Published: 2012-Aug
2.    Evaluation to the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids extract from Syzygium jambos seeds and optimization by response surface methodology
Zheng, Ni; Wang, Zhaoyu; Chen, Feng; et al. - AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 5   Issue: 21   Pages: 2411-2419   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.691   Published: DEC 2011
3.    Antioxidant and tumour cell suppression potential of methanolic extract of Syzygium jambos (Linn) leaf.
Selvam, N. T.; Venkatakrishnan, V.; Kumar, S. D.; et al. - Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences  Volume: 2   Issue: 4   Pages: 673-678   Published: 2011
4.    In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Syzygium jambos (L.) bark.
Islam, M. R.; Parvin, M. S.; Raihan, M. O.; et al. - International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP)  Volume: 2   Issue: 3   Pages: 810-815   Published: 2011
5.    1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) reduces water loss and extends shelf life of fruits of Rose apple (Syzygium jambos Alston) cv. Tabtim Chan
Plainsirichai, Maratree; Trinok, Usana; Turner, David W. - FRUITS  Volume: 65   Issue: 3   Pages: 133-140   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2010008   Published: MAY-JUN 2010
6.    Bioactivity of Syzygium jambos methanolic extracts: Antibacterial activity and toxicity.
Mohanty, S; Cock, I E - Pharmacognosy research  Volume: 2   Issue: 1   Pages: 4-9   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.60577   Published: 2010-Jan
7.    Relationships of Syzygium jambos and Dracontomelon duperreanum leaf tannin concentration and leaf litter breakdown with the colonization of benthonic invertebrates.
Guan, Zhao-ying; Zhao, Ying; Tong, Xiao-li - Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao  Volume: 20   Issue: 10   Pages: 2493-2498   Published: October 2009
8.    Relationships of Syzygium jambos and Dracontomelon duperreanum leaf tannin concentration and leaf litter breakdown with the colonization of benthonic invertebrates
Guan Zhao-ying; Zhao Ying; Tong Xiao-li - Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao  Volume: 20   Issue: 10   Pages: 2493-2498   Published: OCT 2009
9.    A Recurrent Epiphytotic of Guava Rust on Rose Apple, Syzygium jmbos, in Hawaii
Uchida, J. Y.; Loope, L. L. - PLANT DISEASE  Volume: 93   Issue: 4   Pages: 429-429   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-4-0429B   Published: APR 2009
10.    "Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae)".
Donatini, Raquel S.; Ishikawa, Tati; Barros, Silvia B. M.; et al. - REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY  Volume: 19   Issue: 1A   Pages: 89-94   Published: JAN-MAR 2009
11.    Determination of rutin content in Syzygium jambos leaves by differential pulse voltammetry.
Luo JiWen; Chen Yuan; Li ZhongLiang; et al. - Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products  Volume: 29   Issue: 3   Pages: 85-88   Published: 2009
12.    Antinociceptive activity of Syzygium jambos leaves extract on rats
Avila-Pena, D.; Pena, N.; Quintero, L.; et al. - JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 112   Issue: 2   Pages: 380-385   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.027   Published: JUN 13 2007
13.    Dihydrochalcones with radical scavenging properties from the leaves of Syzygium jambos
Jayasinghe, U. L. B.; Ratnayake, R. M. S.; Medawala, M. M. W. S.; et al. - NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH  Volume: 21   Issue: 6   Pages: 551-554   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410601132238   Published: 2007
14.    Antidermatophytic triterpenoids from Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae)
Kuiate, Jules-Roger; Mouokeu, Simplice; Wabo, Hypolyte K.; et al. - PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH  Volume: 21   Issue: 2   Pages: 149-152   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2039   Published: FEB 2007
15.    Studies on the physiology of fruit growth and development of rose apple ( Syzygium jambos).
Hasan, M. A.; Ghosh, A.; Raychowdhury, R.; et al. - Proceedings of the national symposium on production, utilization and export of underutilized fruits with commercial potentialities, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, 22-24 November, 2006  Pages: 154-157   Published: 2006
16.    Growth regulators in controlling fruit drop of rose apple ( Syzygium jambos L. Aston) grown in West Bengal.
Das, B. C.; Maji, S.; Singha, S.; et al. - Proceedings of the national symposium on production, utilization and export of underutilized fruits with commercial potentialities, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, 22-24 November, 2006  Pages: 168-173   Published: 2006
17.    Changes in mineral composition during growth and development of fruits of rose apple ( Syzygium jambos).
Hasan, M. A.; Ghosh, A.; Chowdhury, R. R.; et al. - Proceedings of the national symposium on production, utilization and export of underutilized fruits with commercial potentialities, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, 22-24 November, 2006  Pages: 192-195   Published: 2006
18.    Study of the aroma compounds of rose apple (Syzygium jambos Alston) fruit from Brazil
Guedes, CM; Pinto, AB; Moreira, RFA; et al. - EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY  Volume: 219   Issue: 5   Pages: 460-464   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-004-0967-5   Published: OCT 2004
19.    In vitro callus induction and plantlet regeneration in roseapple ( Syzygium jambos L.).
Prashanta, K. G.; Sathyanarayana, B. N.; Deepu Mathew; et al. - Journal of Plant Biology  Volume: 30   Issue: 1   Pages: 99-102   Published: 2003
20.    Age and temperature effect on Puccinia psidii urediniospores germination colleted from rose apple (Syzygium jambos) and guava (Psidium guajava).
Aparecido, Christiane Ceriani; Figueiredo, Mario Barreto; Furtado, Edson Luiz - Summa Phytopathologica  Volume: 29   Issue: 1   Pages: 30-33   Published: Janeiro-Marco 2003
21.    Hentriacontane: a leaf hydrocarbon from Syzygium jambos with stimulatory effects on the germination of urediniospores of Puccinia psidii.
Tessmann, D. J.; Dianese, J. C. - Fitopatologia Brasileira  Volume: 27   Issue: 5   Pages: 538-542   Published: 2002
22.    Epidemiology of a Neotropical rust (Puccinia psidii): periodical analysis of the temporal progress in a perennial host (Syzygium jambos)
Tessmann, DJ; Dianese, JC; Miranda, AC; et al. - PLANT PATHOLOGY  Volume: 50   Issue: 6   Pages: 725-731   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00646.x   Published: DEC 2001
23.    Antimicrobial activity of bark extracts of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae)
Djipa, CD; Delmee, M; Quetin-Leclercq, J - JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY  Volume: 71   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 307-313   DOI: http;//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00186-5   Published: JUL 2000
24.    Propagation of rose apples ( Syzygium jambos L. Alston) by air layering.
Martins, A. B. G.; Antunes, E. C. - Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura  Volume: 22   Issue: 2   Pages: 205-207   Published: 2000
25.    Analysis of nutritional composition of Syzygium jambos in Guizhou Province
Cai Qui, Long Meili; Lu Lan; Chen Mingliang - Acta Nutrimenta Sinica  Volume: 18   Issue: 2   Pages: 235-237   Published: 1996
26.    Effect of etiolation, ringing, auxin and non-auxinic compounds on rooting of cuttings of rose apple ( Syzygium jambos Alston).
Hore, J. K.; Sen, S. K. - Scientific Horticulture  Volume: 5   Pages: 41-48   Published: 1996
27.    Effect of non-auxinic compounds and IBA on root formation in stem cuttings of rose apple (Syzygium jambos Alston)
Hore, J. K.; Sen, S. L. - Crop Research (Hisar)  Volume: 7   Issue: 1   Pages: 44-48   Published: 1994
28.    SYZYGIUM-JAMBOS L. ALSTON
VAN LINGEN T G - VERHEIJ, E. W. M. AND R. E. CORONEL (ED.). PLANT RESOURCES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA, NO. 2. EDIBLE FRUITS AND NUTS. 447P. PROSEA (PLANT RESOURCES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA) FOUNDATION: BOGOR, INDONESIA; PUDOC-DLO (CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURAL PUBLISHING AND DOCUMENTATION): WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. ILLUS. MAPS  Pages: 296-298   Published: 1991
29.    Role of growth regulating chemicals on air-layering of rose-apple ( Syzygium jambos (Linn.) Alston).
Hore, J. K.; Sen, S. K. - Orissa Journal of Horticulture  Volume: 19   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 99-106   Published: 1991
30.    EFFECT OF TEA PREPARED FROM LEAVES OF SYZYGIUM-JAMBOS ON GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE IN NONDIABETIC SUBJECTS
TEIXEIRA, CC; FUCHS, FD; BLOTTA, RM; et al. - DIABETES CARE  Volume: 13   Issue: 8   Pages: 907-908   Published: AUG 1990
31.    COLONIZATION OF SYZYGIUM-JAMBOS L. LEAVES BY INGOLDIAN FUNGI
JUSTINIANO J; BETANCOURT C - Caribbean Journal of Science  Volume: 25   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 101-110   Published: 1989
32.    Effect of auxinic and non-auxinic chemicals on rooting of rose apple ( Syzygium jambos Alston) stem cuttings.
Sharma, J.; Bandyopadhyay, A.; Sen, S. K. - South Indian Horticulture  Volume: 37   Issue: 2   Pages: 108-111   Published: 1989
33.    CROSS INOCULATION OF EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS GUAVA PSIDIUM-GUAJAVA AND ROSE-APPLE SYZYGIUM-JAMBOS WITH PUCCINIA-PSIDII
CASTRO H A D; KRUGNER T L; IDERIHA C H F; et al. - Fitopatologia Brasileira  Volume: 8   Issue: 3   Pages: 491-498   Published: 1983
34.    Cross inoculation of Eucalyptus, Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos with Puccinia psidii.
Castro, H. A. de; Krugner, T. L.; Ideriha, C. H. F.; et al. - Fitopatologia Brasileira  Volume: 8   Issue: 3   Pages: 491-497   Published: 1983
35.    2,4-D Induced fruit development in Syzygium jambos.
Gautam, T. - Plant Science  Volume: 12   Pages: 39   Published: 1980
36.    PERIODIC ANNUAL DBH INCREMENT IN A SUB-TROPICAL MOIST FOREST DOMINATED BY SYZYGIUM-JAMBOS (L) ALSTON
WEAVER, PL; NIEVES, LO - TURRIALBA  Volume: 28   Issue: 3   Pages: 253-256   Published: 1978
37.    A weevil pest of rose-apple (Syzygium jambos), apparently new to the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Woodruff, R. E. - Entomology Circular, Division of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services  Issue: 183   Pages: 2 pp.   Published: 1977
38.    A weevil pest of rose-apple (Syzygium jambos), apparently new to the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Woodruff, R.E. - Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Entomology Circular  Supplement: No. 183   Pages: 2pp.   Published: 1977
39.    Propagation of rose apple (Syzygium jambos Alston) by stem cuttings.
Bhandary, K. R.; Shivashankar, Y. T. - South Indian Horticulture  Volume: 19   Issue: 1/4   Pages: 83-84   Published: 1971
40.    Some investigations of vegetative propagation of jaman ( Syzygium jambos L.).
SAHA, A. K. - Allahabad Farmer  Volume: 43   Pages: 187-9   Published: 1969
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Ficus religiosa Filicium decipiens Filipendula vestita Flacourtia indica Flemingia procumbens Flemingia semialata Foeniculum vulgare Free Access Journal Fumaria indica Fumaria parviflora Furcraea foetida Galega officinalis General Gentiana kurroo Geranium lucidum Geranium nepalense Geranium pratense Geranium wallichianum Ghee Globba schomburgkii Glochidion hohenackeri Gloriosa superba Glycyrrhiza glabra Gmelina arborea Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena serrata Goodyera repens Grewia asiatica Grewia optiva Grewia serrulata Grewia tenax Gymnema sylvestre Habenaria edgeworthii Habenaria plantaginea Handroanthus impetiginosus Hedychium spicatum Helianthus annuus Helicteres isora Helinus lanceolatus Heliotropium indicum Hemidesmus indicus Hemigraphis alternata Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis hirta Heracleum sphondylium Herpetospermum pedunculosum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscus esculentus Hibiscus hirtus Hibiscus lobatus Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus vitifolius Hippophae rhamnoides Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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