Cananga odorata [Lam.] Hook f. & Thomson
Family: Annonaceae
Synonyms: Cananga mitrastigma (F.Muell.) Domin , Cananga odorata var. velutina (Blume) Koord. & Valeton , Cananga scortechinii King , Canangium mitrastigma (F.Muell.) Domin , Canangium odoratum (Lam.) King , Canangium scortechinii King , Fitzgeraldia mitrastigma F.Muell. , Unona odorata (Lam.) Baill. , Uvaria odorata Lam.
Common name: Ylang Ylang
Marathi: Chape
Tamil: காட்டு சம்பகம் Kattu chempakam
Telugu: చంపకము champakamu, sampangi Chettu సంపంగి చెట్టు
Kannada: ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಚಮ್ಪಕ Apurva champaka
Costarica: ilang-ilang
Malayalam: Pachachempakam
Marathi: Chape
Tamil: காட்டு சம்பகம் Kattu chempakam
Telugu: చంపకము champakamu, sampangi Chettu సంపంగి చెట్టు
Kannada: ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಚಮ್ಪಕ Apurva champaka
Costarica: ilang-ilang
Malayalam: Pachachempakam
other names: canang odorant (French), chirang, irang (Palau), derangerang, derangirang (Nauru), ilahnglahng, ilanlang (Kosrae), ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Guam, CNMI), ilangilang, lengileng, alangilang, pur-n-wai, pwurenwai,, seir en wai (Pohnpei), ilanilan (Marshall Islands), lanalana (Hawai'i), makosoi, mokohoi, makasui, mokosoi (Fiji), mohokoi (Tonga), moso'oi (Samoa), moto'i (French Polynesia), moto'oi, mata'oi, mato'oi (Cook Islands, Niue,Tahiti), motoi (Marquesas-Nukuhiva, Niue), mutui (Marquesas-Fatuhiva), pwalang (Puluwat Atoll), pzvanang, pwuur, pwalang (Chuuk), sa'o (Solomon Islands: Kwara'ae), ylang ylang, perfume tree, cananga, cadmia (English), ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Philippines)
C. odorata is a fast-growing tree of the custard-apple family Annonaceae. Its growth exceeds 5 m (15 ft) per year and attains an average height of 12 m (40 ft). It grows in full or partial sun, and prefers the acidic soils of its native rainforest habitat. The evergreen leaves are smooth and glossy, oval, pointed and with wavy margins, and 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long. The flower is drooping, long-stalked, with six narrow, greenish-yellow (rarely pink) petals, rather like a sea star in appearance, and yields a highly fragrant essential oil.
Chemical constitutents: Linalool, Germacrene, Geranyl acetate, Caryophyllene, p-cresyl methyl ether, Methyl benzoate, Sesquiterpenes
The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. It is believed to relieve high blood pressure, normalize sebum secretion for skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac. According to Margaret Mead, it was used as such by South Pacific natives such as the Samoan Islanders where she did much of her research. The oil from ylang-ylang is widely used in perfumery for oriental or floral themed perfumes. Ylang-ylang blends well with most floral, fruit and wood scents.
In Indonesia, ylang-ylang flowers are spread on the bed of newlywed couples. In the Philippines, its flowers, together with the flowers of the sampaguita, are strung into a necklace (lei) and worn by women and used to adorn religious images. Ylang-ylang is a common flavoring in Madagascar for ice cream.
Traditional Medicinal Uses: It is used for asthma, malaria, fever, cholera, typhoid, scabies, dermatitis, ulcer and wounds. The seeds are used for stomach complaints with fever and in Indonesia, the bark is used for scabies.[3] In Malaysia, a paste of fresh flowers is applied to the chest for asthma and to treat malaria. In Solomon islands, a paste of fresh flowers is applied to boils while in India, the essential oil from the flowers makes an external remedy for cephalgia, ophthalmia and gout. [ A Guide to Medicinal Plants An Illustrated - Scientific and Medicinal Approach] Anti-rheumatism, antimalarial, antidiarrhoeal.
The oil obtained by distillation of the flowers is the Cananga oil or ylang-ylang oil, which is used to make perfumes. Cananga oil added to coconut oil and other ingredients makes the Macassar oil which was so familiar to the well-groomed Victorian and Edwardian males.The British Standards Institution has published standard specifications for Cananga oil (BS 2991/1:1965). Cananga oil contains geraniol, linalool esters of acetic and benzoic acids, p-cresol methyl ester, cadidene, some sesquiterpenes and phenols [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]
The oil obtained by distillation of the flowers is the Cananga oil or ylang-ylang oil, which is used to make perfumes. Cananga oil added to coconut oil and other ingredients makes the Macassar oil which was so familiar to the well-groomed Victorian and Edwardian males.The British Standards Institution has published standard specifications for Cananga oil (BS 2991/1:1965). Cananga oil contains geraniol, linalool esters of acetic and benzoic acids, p-cresol methyl ester, cadidene, some sesquiterpenes and phenols [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]
34 Published articles of Cananga odorata
1. Variations in the essential oils from ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata [Lam.] Hook f. & Thomson forma genuina) in the Western Indian Ocean islands
Benini, Celine; Ringuet, Melanie; Wathelet, Jean-Paul; et al. - FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL Volume: 27 Issue: 5 Pages: 356-366 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3106 Published: SEP 2012
2. Comparative Chemical and Molecular Variability of Cananga odorata (LAM.) HOOK.f. & THOMSON forma genuina (Ylang-Ylang) in the Western Indian Ocean Islands: Implication for Valorization
Benini, Celine; Mahy, Gregory; Bizoux, Jean-Philippe; et al. - CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY Volume: 9 Issue: 7 Pages: 1389-1402 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201100306 Published: JUL 2012
3. Effect of Picking Time on Essential Oil Yield of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata)
Muchjajib, U.; Muchjajib, S. - XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): A NEW LOOK AT MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS SEMINAR Book Series: Acta Horticulturae Volume: 925 Pages: 243-248 Published: 2011
4. Megastigmane glucosides and an unusual monoterpene from the leaves of Cananga odorata var. odorata, and absolute structures of megastigmane glucosides isolated from C. odorata var. odorata and Breynia officinalis
Matsunami, Katsuyoshi; Nagashima, Jiro; Sugimoto, Sachiko; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Pages: 460-467 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-010-0434-5 Published: OCT 2010
5. The unusual canangafruticosides A-E: Five monoterpene glucosides, two monoterpenes and a monoterpene glucoside diester of the aryldihydronaphthalene lignan dicarboxylic acid from leaves of Cananga odorata var. fruticosa
Nagashima, Jiro; Matsunami, Katsuyoshi; Otsuka, Hideaki; et al. - PHYTOCHEMISTRY Volume: 71 Issue: 13 Pages: 1564-1572 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.06.009 Published: SEP 2010
6. Ylang-ylang [Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson]: a barely known essential oil plant in an industry at risk
Benini, Celine; Danflous, Jean-Paul; Wathelet, Jean-Paul; et al. - BIOTECHNOLOGIE AGRONOMIE SOCIETE ET ENVIRONNEMENT Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 693-705 Published: 2010
7. Study of the aerosol fragrances of eugenol derivatives in Cananga odorata using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography
Kuo, Su-Ching; Chuang, Shien-Kai; Lin, Ho-Yang; et al. - ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA Volume: 653 Issue: 1 Pages: 91-96 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.034 Published: OCT 19 2009
8. Effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction from Cananga odorata flower petal explant
Nurazah, Z.; Radzali, M.; Syahida, A.; et al. - AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Pages: 2740-2743 Published: JUN 17 2009
9. Spermatotoxic effects of Cananga odorata (Lam): a comparison with gossypol
Pankajakshy, Anitha; Madambath, Indira - FERTILITY AND STERILITY Volume: 91 Issue: 5 Pages: 2243-2246 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.075 Published: MAY 2009
10. Tissue Culture and Essential Oil Production From Callus Cultures of Ilang-Ilang [Cananga odorata (Lamk) Hook.f. & Thomson]
Lindain, Andrea F.; Reglos, Rocelie A.; de Guzman, Constancio C.; et al. - PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL SCIENTIST Volume: 91 Issue: 3 Pages: 251-260 Published: SEP 2008
11. Impact of feeding ethanolic extract of root bark of Cananga odorata (Lam) on reproductive functions in male rats
Anitha, P.; Indira, M. - Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Volume: 44 Issue: 12 Pages: 976-980 Published: DEC 2006
12. Botanical briefs: Ylang-ylang oil - Extracts from the tree Cananga odorata
Saedi, N; Crawford, GH - CUTIS Volume: 77 Issue: 3 Pages: 149-150 Published: MAR 2006
13. Antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the bark of Cananga odorata
Rahman, MM; Lopa, SS; Sadik, G; et al. - FITOTERAPIA Volume: 76 Issue: 7-8 Pages: 758-761 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.08.011 Published: DEC 2005
14. Unusual lactones from Cananga odorata (Annonaceae)
Caloprisco, E; Fourneron, JD; Faure, R; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Pages: 78-80 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0105079 Published: JAN 2 2002
15. Cytotoxic constituents of the fruits of Cananga odorata
Hsieh, TJ; Chang, FR; Chia, YC; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Volume: 64 Issue: 5 Pages: 616-619 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0005208 Published: MAY 2001
16. The constituents of Cananga odorata
Hsieh, TJ; Chang, FR; Wu, YC - JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Pages: 607-611 Published: AUG 1999
17. HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques
Stashenko, EE; Prada, NQ; Martinez, JR - HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY Volume: 19 Issue: 6 Pages: 353-358 Published: JUN 1996
18. A STUDY OF THE COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK-FIL-ET-THOMSON, FORMA-GENUINA) DURING FLOWER DEVELOPMENT
STASHENKO, EE; TORRES, W; MORALES, JRM - HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY Volume: 18 Issue: 2 Pages: 101-104 Published: FEB 1995
19. HRGC AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM COLOMBIAN YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK-FIL-ET-THOMSON, FORMA-GENUINA)
STASHENKO, E; MARTINEZ, JR; MACKU, C; et al. - HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY Volume: 16 Issue: 7 Pages: 441-444 Published: JUL 1993
20. LEAF STRUCTURE OF CANANGA-ODORATA (ANNONACEAE) IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF PHOTOSYNTHATE AND PHLOEM LOADING - MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY
FISHER, DG - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE Volume: 68 Issue: 2 Pages: 354-363 Published: FEB 1990
21. ULTRASTRUCTURE AND PLASMODESMATAL FREQUENCY IN THE LEAF OF CANANGA-ODORATA ANNONACEAE IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF ASSIMILATE AND PHLOEM LOADING
FISHER D G - American Journal of Botany Volume: 76 Issue: 6 SUPPL Pages: 33-34 Published: 1989
22. ANATOMY OF THE LEAF OF CANANGA-ODORATA ANNONACEAE IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF ASSIMILATE AND PHLOEM LOADING
FISHER D G - American Journal of Botany Volume: 76 Issue: 6 SUPPL Pages: 34 Published: 1989
23. THE ALKALOID OF CANANGA-ODORATA (I), ISOLATION OF A NEW BASE, USHINSUNINE N-OXIDE
YANG, TH; HUANG, WY - JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY Volume: 35 Issue: 4 Pages: 305-307 Published: AUG 1988
24. MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA-ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS - APPLICATION TO YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK FIL ET THOMSON, FORMA GENUINA) GRADES CLASSIFICATION
GAYDOU, EM; RANDRIAMIHARISOA, RP; BIANCHINI, JP; et al. - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 36 Issue: 3 Pages: 574-579 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a042 Published: MAY-JUN 1988
25. STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM CANANGA-ODORATA IN THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND THE FLOWERED PERIODS
DING J; YI Y; YI W; et al. - Acta Botanica Yunnanica Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 331-334 Published: 1988
26. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF AN ANNONACEAE INTRODUCED IN IVORY COAST CANANGA-ODORATA LAM. HOOK. F. AND THOMS
DEROIN T - Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Section B Adansonia Botanique Phytochimie Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 377-394 Published: 1988
27. COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF YLANG-YLANG (CANANGA-ODORATA HOOK FIL ET THOMSON FORMA-GENUINA) FROM MADAGASCAR
GAYDOU, EM; RANDRIAMIHARISOA, R; BIANCHINI, JP - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 34 Issue: 3 Pages: 481-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a028 Published: MAY-JUN 1986
28. SAMPANGINE, A NEW ALKALOID FROM CANANGA-ODORATA
RAO, JUM; GIRI, GS; HANUMAIAH, T; et al. - JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Pages: 346-347 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50044a029 Published: MAR-APR 1986
29. AROMA CONSTITUENTS OF CANANGA-ODORATA
SUN H; DING J; DING L; et al. - Acta Botanica Yunnanica Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Pages: 239-242 Published: 1985
30. ALKALOIDS OF ANNONACEAE - ALKALOIDS OF BARKS OF CANANGA-ODORATA, HOOK F AND THOMSON
LEBOEUF, M; STREITH, J; CAVE, A - ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANCAISES Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Pages: 43-47 Published: 1975
31. ETUDES SUR LES MATIERES VEGETALES VOLATILES 102 (1) SUR LA COMPOSITION DES HUILES ESSENTIELLES DYLANG-YLANG
NAVES, YR; ARDIZIO, P - HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Pages: 111-& DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19640470113 Published: 1964
32. Studies in the Anonaceae. II. The development of ovule and seed in Cananga odorata and Miliusa wightiana
PERIASAMY, K.; SWAMY, B. G. L. - J INDIAN BOT SOC Volume: 40 Issue: (2) Pages: 206-216 Published: 1961
33. A study on the propagation of Cananga odorata Lamarck, Phaeanthus ebracteolatus Merrill, Intsia bijuga (Colebrooke) O Kuntze, Cassia javanica Linnaeus, and Toona calantas Merrill and Rolfe by cuttings
JACALNE, DOMINGO V.; GALINATO, PRIMITIVO F. - PHILIPPINE JOUR FOREST Volume: 14 Issue: (1/4) Pages: 97-109 Published: 1958
34. Un grave peligro para el Ylangylang en Fernando Po. Bunaea alcinoe Cramer (Lepidoptera Saturnidae) sobre Cananga odorata Hook (Anonaccae).
Corella, L. B. - Bol agric Territ espan Golfo de Guinea Madrid Volume: 1943 Pages: pp. 27-48 Published: 1943
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