Tuesday, April 14, 2015

Ruellia tuberosa, chatpati, Minnie Root, pattaskai


Ruellia tuberosa L.
Family: Acanthaceae
Synonyms: Cryphiacanthus barbadensis Nees, Dipteracanthus clandestinus C.Presl

Common name: Waterkanon, Watrakanu, Minnie Root, Iron root, Feverroot, Popping pod,
Chinese: 块根芦莉草
Javanese: Ceplikan
Marathi: Ruwel
Tamil: Pattaskai பட்டாஸ்காய்
Thai: ต้อยติ่ง
Hindi: chatpati चट्पटि
Telugu: chetapatakaayala mokka చిటపటకాయల మొక్క,
Other names: ghabri, jalvarkur, jurbula, ote sirka ba, tapas kaaya

Description: An erect, up to 60 (-70) cm tall herb with stout, 4-angled stems, swollen and purplish at the nodes, tender parts sparsely hairy. Roots slender, elongated, tuberous. Leaves with up to 2 cm long petiole; lamina oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, 5-9 (-10) x 2-4 cm, shining, basally cuneate to attenuate, entire to ± undulate, obtuse to somewhat acute, often mucronulate. Flowers shortly pedicellate, blue-violet, showy, 5-5.5 cm long, c. 3.5 cm across, solitary or in 1-3-flowered, terminal or axillary cymes; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, c. 5 mm long. Calyx lobes ± equal, linear, 1.3-2 cm long, ciliate, acute. Corolla pubescent outside, tube c. 3.5 cm long, abruptly narrowed at base, limb 5-lobed, lobes ± equal, ovate, c. 1.5 cm long, patent. Stamens with oblong-sagittate, c. 4 mm long, puberulous anthers. Ovary oblong, c. 4 mm long, glabrous; style 2.3-2.5 cm long. Capsule oblong, 2.2-3 cm long, glabrous or scabrescent, 24-28-seeded, minutely beaked at tip. Seeds flattened, orbicular, c. 2 mm across, hairy.
Plant  decoction  antacid,  in  indigestion  and  stomachache; plant and roots decoction taken internally for urinary troubles. Leaf paste for eczema; leaf decoction drunk by pregnant women for cold in the body. Roots infusion for oliguria, heat,  fever,  influenza,  venereal  diseases,  constipation;  root decoction diuretic and aphrodisiac. A paste made of root and few peppers is taken to cure stomachache. Tuber poultice for
swelling, joint pain. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Purgative and causes perspiration [Women’s Knowledge of Herbs used in Reproduction in Trinidad and Tobago. Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]

Brazilians mix leaves with castor oil for skin eruptions blamed on teething, Cubans,  considering  roots  and  leaves  diuretic,  emetic,  and  purgative,  use  also  for malaria, peritonitis, pneumonia, and whooping cough.  Dominicans use macerated roots for leukorrhea and pelvic pain. Dominicans use the plant as analgesic, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and febrifuge, for cough, cystosis, fever, and pertussis. Guadelupans use as diuretic, taking 2 tsp–1.5 tbsp dry herb/half bottle Spanish wine for jaundice. Haitians use leaf, flower, and root as diuretic, in decoction. Peruvians suggest the infusion for bronchosis, flu, gonorrhea, headache, inflammation, leprosy, oliguria, pain, and wounds. Venezuelans  use  root  decoction  for  asthma,  blennorrhagia,  catarrh,  and  pulmonosis. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]

A decoction is given in chronic bronchitis; also used as a diuretic for the treatment of stones in the bladder. [Indian Medicinal Plants - Ayurveda]

Whole plant: To treat bladder diseases and frequent micturition; decoction with Petiveria alliacea is drunk to "clean out" uterine tract (dilation and curettage) or as an abortifacient. Root: Infusion for kidney diseases; in a syrup for whooping cough; infusion or decoction for a diabetes remedy; tubers in a tea used for cleansing the blood. Root and Leaf: In a tea used for alleviating retention of urine and to remedy weakness. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)

Diuretic, antitoxic, abdominal pain, flu, hepatitis, high blood pressure, diabetes [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

58 Published articles of Ruellia tuberosa
1.    A study on the effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. (whole plant) treatment on total body and organ weight in den induced hepato carcinoma Arirudran, B., K. Vijayalakshmi, and A. Saraswathy, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015. 4(1): p. 1262-1276.
2.    Molecular modeling of Ruellia tuberosa L compounds as a-amylase inhibitor: an in silico comparation between human and rat enzyme model Wulan, D.R., E.P. Utomo, and C. Mahdi, Bioinformation, 2014. 10(4): p. 209-15.
3.    Antiinflammatory activity of tuber of Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) Natesan, R., et al., World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS), 2014. 3(6): p. 1371-1375.
4.    Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Ruellia tuberosa in wistar albino mice Arirudran, B., K. Vijayalakshmi, and A. Saraswathy, International Journal of BioSciences and Technology (IJBST), 2014. 7(1): p. 1-4.
5.    Chemical constituents from the leaves of Ruellia tuberosa Samy, M.N., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2013. 49(1): p. 175-176.
6.    Phenylethanoid and flavone glycosides from Ruellia tuberosa L Phakeovilay, C., et al., Journal of Natural Medicines, 2013. 67(1): p. 228-233.
7.    Explosion phenomenon observed from seed capsules of Pletekan ( Ruellia tuberosa L.) Imam, F., et al., Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2013. 3(9): p. 96-101.
8.    Antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of Sabah Ruellia tuberosa Cheong, B., et al., Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2013. 3(12): p. 20-24.
9.    Effect of 50% hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of ruellia tuberosa L. And dipteracanthus patulus (jacq.) on lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats Ananthakrishnan, M. and V.A. Doss, International journal of preventive medicine, 2013. 4(7): p. 744-7.
10.    Hypoglycemic Activity of Ruellia tuberosa Linn (Aeanthaceae) in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits Ullah, S., et al., Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2012. 34(2): p. 436-441.
11.    Antidiabetic, a.a.h.a.o.m.e.o.R.t.L.l.i.n.a.a.i.d.r.R., M., et al., Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012. 4(6): p. 2860-2868.
12.    Effect of Chitosan and Mordants on Dyeability of Cotton Fabrics with Ruellia tuberosa Linn Kampeerapappun, P., et al., Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2011. 38(1): p. 95-104.
13.    Relative proportions of FAs in the seed oils of Peristrophe bicalyculata and Ruellia tuberosa as affected by air pollution Iqbal, M., et al., Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2011. 9(3-4): p. 1101-1104.
14.    Antimicrobial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L. (whole plant) Arirudran, B., A. Saraswathy, and K. Vijayalakshmi, Pharmacognosy Journal, 2011. 3(23): p. 91-95.
15.    Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical studies on Ruellia tuberosa L. (whole plant) Arirudran, B., A. Saraswathy, and K. Vijayalakshmi, Pharmacognosy Journal, 2011. 3(22): p. 29-34.
16.    Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Ruellia tuberosa L. using in-vitro model Arirudran, B., A. Saraswathy, and K. Vijayalakshmi, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2011. 4(12): p. 4344-4347.
17.    Evaluation of biochemical contents, n.v., trace elements, SDS-PAGE and HPTLC profiling in the leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Manikandan, A. and D.V.A. Doss, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2010. 2(3): p. 295-303.
18.    Effect of 50% hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracartthus patulus (Jacq.) on AST, A., ACP and ALP levels in serum, liver and kidney of alloxan induced diabetic rats Manikandan, A. and D.V.A. Doss, Annals of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010. 1(2): p. 142-146.
19.    Review on Ruellia tuberosa (Cracker plant) Chothani, D.L., et al., Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010. 2(12): p. 506-512.
20.    Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Ruellia tuberosa Alam, M.A., et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009. 47(3): p. 209-214.
21.    Pharmacognostic studies on Ruellia tuberosa Suseela, L. and S. Prema, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2007. 29(3A): p. 117-122.
22.    Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa Chen, F.A., et al., Food Chemistry, 2006. 94(1): p. 14-18.
23.    Antimicrobial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L Wiart, C., et al., American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2005. 33(4): p. 683-685.
24.    Gastroprotective activity of Ruellia tuberosa root extract in rats Arambewela, L.S.R., R. Thambugala, and W.D. Ratnasooriya, Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 2003. 4(2): p. 191-194.
25.    A new triterpenoid from Ruellia tuberosa Linn Singh, R.S., et al., Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 2002. 41(8): p. 1754-1756.
26.    Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae), a.n.s.i.T.H., TsaiWen and N. Chung, Journal of the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University, 2002. 16(3): p. 145-149.
27.    Effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf extract, N.a.i.o.f.m.o.m.P., D. and S.N. Pandey, Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2001. 58(3): p. 246-249.
28.    Changes in floral buds of mango (Mangifera indica L.) treated with leaf extract of Ruellia tuberosa L Pandey, D., S.N. Pandey, and P.B. Varade, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000. 5(3): p. 303-306.
29.    Stomatal conductance, p.r., and pigment content in Ruellia tuberosa leaves as affected by coal-smoke pollution Nighat, F., Mahmooduzzafar, and M. Iqbal, Biologia Plantarum, 2000. 43(2): p. 263-267.
30.    Ecotypic differentiation in Ruellia tuberosa Reddy, K.B. and K. Aruna, Tropical Ecology, 1997. 38(1): p. 137-139.
31.    Two new aliphatic compounds from Ruellia tuberosa Linn Misra, T.N., et al., Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1997. 36(12): p. 1194-1197.
32.    Ruellia tuberosa and its control in citrus cultivation Casamayor, R. and V. Prieto, Centro Agricola, 1997. 24(1): p. 3-13.
33.    Kinetic properties for the in vivo secreted acid phosphatase enzyme from the roots of Cajanus cajan, R.t.a.E.h.A., J., Plant Physiology, 1996. 111(2): p. 491-491.
34.    CYTOMIXIS IN A RUELLIA HYBRID RUELLIA-TWEEDIANA X RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Singh, R.R. and J. Singh, Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences, 1987. 53(1): p. 73-76.
35.    HYDROCARBONS LUPEOL AND PHYTOSTEROLS FROM THE TUBERS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Andhiwal, C.K., C. Has, and R.P. Varshney, Indian Drugs, 1985. 23(1): p. 48-49.
36.    GIBBERELLIC-ACID RESPONSE AND INDUCED CHASMOGAMOUS VARIANT IN CLEISTOGAMOUS RUELLIA HYBRID (RUELLIA-TWEEDIANA BY RUELLIA-TUBEROSA) Raghuvanshi, S.S., C.S. Pathak, and R.R. Singh, Botanical Gazette, 1981. 142(1): p. 40-42.
37.    EFFECT OF SODIUM ARSENITE 2 4-D AND 1 2 DI HYDRO PYRIDAZINE-3 6-DIONE ON THE MITOSIS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Khosla, S.N. and V.R. Dhyansagar, Indian Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences, 1981. 1(1): p. 76-82.
38.    NATURAL-PRODUCTS FROM RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L Behari, M., M.M. Goyal, and M. Streibl, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 1981. 58(2): p. 176-177.
39.    AMINO-ACIDS IN THE TUBERS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Yajnik, R.S. and C.K. Andhiwal, Geobios (Jodhpur), 1979. 6(6): p. 263-264.
40.    TOXIC SUBSTANCES PRODUCED BY FUSARIUM .7. CONTROL OF FUSARIAL WILT OF SAFFLOWER BY ROOT EXUDATES AND EXTRACTIVES OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Ghosal, S., et al., Experientia, 1978. 34(8): p. 1057-1058.
41.    ROLE OF NUCLEIC-ACIDS IN GERMINATION OF RUELLIA SEEDS Choudhuri, M.A., K.S. Konar, and K. Gupta, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1978. 21(3): p. 217-222.
42.    ASPECTS OF HOST PREFERENCE AND SUCCESSION IN THRIPS INFESTING RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Viswanathan, T.R. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, Entomon, 1976. 1(1): p. 71-77.
43.    BIOSYSTEMATICS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L (ACANTHACEAE) Long, R.W., American Journal of Botany, 1976. 63(7): p. 951-959.
44.    GERMINATION MECHANISM OF THE SEEDS OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Choudhuri, M.A., K.K. Gupta, and S.K. Chatterjee, Geobios (Jodhpur), 1975. 2(6): p. 178-182.
45.    Apigenin glycosides from Thunbergia fragrans and Ruellia tuberosa Nair, A.G.R. and S.S. Subramanian, Current Science, 1974. 43(15): p. 480-480.
46.    APIGENIN GLYCOSIDES FROM THUNBERGIA-FRAGRANS AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA Nair, A.G.R. and Subraman.Ss, Current Science, 1974. 43(15): p. 480-480.
47.    SYNTHESIS OF GLUCURONIDES IN FLAVONOID-SERIES .3. ISOLATION OF APIGENIN-7-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE FROM RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L AND ITS SYNTHESIS Wagner, H., et al., Chemische Berichte-Recueil, 1971. 104(9): p. 2681-&.
48.    LIGHT AND GIBBERELLIN-A3 INTERACTION IN SEEDLING GROWTH OF ASTERACANTHA-LONGIFOLIA NEES AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA L Chawan, D.D., K.D. Sharma, and D.N. Sen, Osterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 1971. 119(1-3): p. 19-&.
49.    LIGHT AND GIBBERELLIN-A-3 INTERACTION IN THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF ASTERACANTHA-LONGIFOLIA-D AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D Chawan, D.D., K.D. Sharma, and D.N. Sen, Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 1971. 119(1-3): p. 19-24.
50.    MORPHACTIN AND CYTOKININS INTERACTION IN SEEDLING GROWTH OF RUELLIA-TUBEROSA LINN Chawan, D.D., D.N. Sen, and K.D. Sharma, Current Science, 1971. 40(4): p. 93-&.
51.    EFFECT OF SPRAYING SODIUM ARSENITE ON WEEDS ACHYRANTHES-ASPERA-D CASSIA-TORA-D AND RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D Khosla, S.N. and V.R. Dnyansagar, Journal of the University of Bombay, 1970. 39(66): p. 77-82.
52.    ECO PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SEED GERMINATION IN RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D ABSTRACT MOISTURE LIGHT TEMPERATURE WEED Sen, D.N., Indian Science Congress Association Proceedings, 1967. 54(3): p. 352-353.
53.    A new weed for West Africa: Ruellia tuberosa Linn Hall, J.B. and J. Jenik, Niger Fid., 1967. 32(4): p. 188-91.
54.    EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF SOME WEEDS ABSTRACT ACHYRANTHES-ASPERA-D CASSIA-TORA-D RUELLIA-TUBEROSA-D 2 4 D HERBIC Dnyansagar, V.R. and S.N. Khosla, Indian Science Congress Association Proceedings, 1967. 54(3): p. 354-354.
55.    Temperature relations of Ruellia tuberosa Linn Sen, D.N. and U.N. Chatterji, Osterreich Bot Zeitschr, 1966. 113((3-4)): p. 390-394.
56.    Post-fertilization studies in the ovule of Ruellia tuberosa Linn Ram, H.Y.M., Lloydia, 1960. 23((1)): p. 21-27.
57.    Studies in the Acanthaceae. Microsporogenesis in Justicea betonlca, B.p.a.R.t.N., C. R., Jour Madras Univ, 1956. 26B((2)): p. 189-207.
58.    Ruellia tuberosa and a few of its close relatives Leonard, E.C., Jour Washington Acad Sci, 1927. 17((20)): p. 509-520.
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antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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