Thursday, August 20, 2015

Urena lobata, Caesar weed, atibala, Kongojute, Congo Jute

Urena lobata L.
Family: Malvaceae

Synonyms: Urena americana L., Urena americana L. f., Urena diversifolia Schumach., Urena grandiflora DC., Urena lobata var. americana (L.) Gürke, Urena lobata subsp. lobata, Urena lobata var. lobata, Urena lobata var. tomentosa (Blume) Walp., Urena lobata var. trilobata (Vell.) Gürke, Urena monopetala Lour., Urena reticulata Cav., Urena tomentosa Blume, Urena trilobata Vell.
  • Common name: Burr Mallow, Caesar weed, Congo jute, hibiscus burr, pink burr, pink Chinese burr, urena burr
  • Bahasa Indonesia: Pulutan
  • Bengali: বনওকড়া
  • Chinese: 消风草
  • French: Congo Jute
  • German: Kongojute
  • Hindi: bachita, gataya, लपेटवां lapetua, unga
  • Kannada: ಒತ್ತೆ otte
  • Konkani: tupkate
  • Malayalam: uram, uren, vatto, ഊർപ്പണം
  • Manipuri: সমপাকপী sampakpi
  • Marathi: वन भेंडी van bhendi, जंगलीकापशी jungli-kapashi
  • Oriya: नालु कुरों nalu kuro
  • Sanskrit: अतिबल atibala, बल bala
  • Tamil: துத்திப்பூண்டுவகை thuththippuntuvakai, ஒட்டுத்துத்தி ottuttutti
  • Telugu: నల్ల బెండ nalla benda, పెడ్డబెండ peddabhenda
  • Thai: ขี้ครอก
Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Whole plant paste applied for the treatment of rheumatic pains; twigs or stem cuttings used as tooth brush for healthy gums. The flowers, together with those of Sida rhombifolia, mixed with coconut flesh and eaten as a remedy for chickenpox; flowers heated over fire and applied to sores, to open and draw out the infection; flowers included in treatment for mental disorders and in oral remedies for fevers. Leaves used to treat burns, scalds, heat, hangover, fever; tender leaves poultice applied to wounds and cuts; pounded leaves boiled in coconut oil applied to treat wounds, cuts; for swelling and bone fracture a paste of fresh leaves is applied; leaves of Urena lobata along with vela men root of Vanda roxburghii prepared into a paste applied for skin diseases. Leaf tea diuretic, for flu and stomachache, colds, cough, heat; leaf juice applied as eye drop in con junctivitis. Root diuretic, an infusion in postpartum; roots of Sida rhombifolia, Urena lobata, Elaeagnus caudata and stem bark and roots of Bixa orellana and Randia dumetorum pounded together and boiled in water, the extract taken to cure jaundice; a decoction of roots of Dillenia indica with roots of Ficus auriculata and Urena lobata given in discharge of blood in urine; a decoction of rhizome of Curcuma aro matica with roots of Urena lobata and leaves of Tolypanthus involucratus given to expel catarrh; roots and leaves used to cure diarrhea; root powder given with milk in dog bite; root extract an external application in rheumatic pains, cuts and wounds; for snakebite, chew the root with betel and spit onto the wound. Veterinary medicine, a paste of leaves and coco nut oil smeared on wounds of cattle as insect repellent; leaves paste applied on wounds as an antidote to tiger bite; root tied to the neck of the cattle along with root of Stephania hernan difolia against maggots infection of ulcers. [Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Whole plant paste applied for the treatment of rheumatic pains; twigs or stem cuttings used as tooth brush for healthy gums. The flowers, together with those of Sida rhombifolia, mixed with coconut flesh and eaten as a remedy for chickenpox; flowers heated over fire and applied to sores, to open and draw out the infection; flowers included in treatment for mental disorders and in oral remedies for fevers. Leaves used to treat burns, scalds, heat, hangover, fever; tender leaves poultice applied to wounds and cuts; pounded leaves boiled in coconut oil applied to treat wounds, cuts; for swelling and bone fracture a paste of fresh leaves is applied; leaves of Urena lobata along with vela men root of Vanda roxburghii prepared into a paste applied for skin diseases. Leaf tea diuretic, for flu and stomachache, colds, cough, heat; leaf juice applied as eye drop in con junctivitis. Root diuretic, an infusion in postpartum; roots of Sida rhombifolia, Urena lobata, Elaeagnus caudata and stem bark and roots of Bixa orellana and Randia dumetorum pounded together and boiled in water, the extract taken to cure jaundice; a decoction of roots of Dillenia indica with roots of Ficus auriculata and Urena lobata given in discharge of blood in urine; a decoction of rhizome of Curcuma aro matica with roots of Urena lobata and leaves of Tolypanthus involucratus given to expel catarrh; roots and leaves used to cure diarrhea; root powder given with milk in dog bite; root extract an external application in rheumatic pains, cuts and wounds; for snakebite, chew the root with betel and spit onto the wound. Veterinary medicine, a paste of leaves and coco nut oil smeared on wounds of cattle as insect repellent; leaves paste applied on wounds as an antidote to tiger bite; root tied to the neck of the cattle along with root of Stephania hernan difolia against maggots infection of ulcers.]

Used in Pneumonia, rheumatism, fevers, wounds, malaria, colds, dysentery, enteritis, goiter, indigestion, coughs, leukorrhea, rheumatism, tonsillitis, respiratory diseases. [Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition]

 Whole  plant boiled  in sesamum oil is  applied externally  on  rheumatic  pains  by  the  tribals  in  Western  Maharashtra. Modern  Use  :  Roots  are  externally  used  as  embrocation  in  rheumatism. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

Root—diuretic, emollient, antispasmodic (roots and stem used in severe windy colic), antirheumatic. Flowers—used as a pectoral and expectorant in dry and inveterate coughs. An infusion is used as a gargle for aphthae amd sore throat. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

This plant is used to make tea for colds and is also employed by the poorer people for washing greasy
dishes. Among the older writers we find Lindley speaking of the use of the flowers as an expectorant for "dry and inveterate coughs". Like other members of the Malvaceae it is mucilaginous and the seeds contain urease and fat. In tropical South America it provides a sedative and in Brazil a root and stem decoction is a treatment for colic. [ Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]

Used  to  treat  “lining  cold”  (puerperal  fever)  in  NW  Guyana.  Flower: Employed in French Guiana in a gargle used to remedy angina and aphthae. Emollient. In Guyana, boiled to make a tea used to remedy urinary tract problems, morning sickness and colds. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

Dysentery, vaginal discharge, antitoxic; alleviates pain, flu, fever, appendicitis, stomach diseases [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]


103 Published articles of Urena lobata
1.    Preliminary antihyperglycemic, a.a., phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies on leaves of Urena lobata L Islam, M. H., et al., Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015. 7(4): p. 559-563.
2.    Discovery of a Potent Anti-Yeast Triterpenoid Saponin, C.-S.f.U.l.L.G., Xiao-Ling, et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015. 16(3): p. 4731-4743.
3.    Antibacterial, a.-s.p.o.e.e.o.P.m.L.w.p.a.U.l.L.r.o.c.r.P.s.M., Roshid and A.U. Chouduri, Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants and Indigenous Medicine, 2014. 3(5): p. 184-195.
4.    Neuropharmacological screenings of hydroalcoholic fractions of Urena lobata L Islam, M.T., et al., World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS), 2014. 3(3): p. 62-71.
5.    Investigating Dormancy and Germination Characteristics in Medical Urena lobata Seeds Feng, Y., B. Liu, and A. Tang, Seed, 2014. 33(4): p. 39-41.
6.    Influence of Environmental Factors on the Germination of Urena lobata L. and Its Response to Herbicides Awan, T.H., B.S. Chauhan, and P.C.S. Cruz, Plos One, 2014. 9(3).
7.    Effect of sodium chloride concentrations (mM) on the germination of Urena lobata seeds, i.a.C.i.l.d.A., Tahir Hussain, B.S. Chauhan, and P.C. Cruz, Figshare, 2014. 1.
8.    Effect of seed-soaking time in concentrated sulfuric acid (0, 10, and 30 min) and mechanical scarification + soaking time in sulfuric acid (Mech + 30 min) on germination of Urena lobata seed Awan, Tahir Hussain, B.S. Chauhan, and P.C. Cruz, Figshare, 2014. 1.
9.    Effect of rice residue amount (t ha−1) on seedling emergence of Urena lobata Awan, T.H., B.S. Chauhan, and P.C. Cruz, Figshare, 2014. 1.
10.    Effect of seed burial depth (cm) on seedling emergence of Urena lobata Parameter estimates Gmax, m.g.T., time to reach 50% of maximum germination (days); and Grate, slope of a three-parameter sigmoid model, , fitted to seedling emergence data in Figure 5 Awan, Tahir Hussain, B.S. Chauhan, and P.C. Cruz, Figshare, 2014. 1.
11.    Effect of post-emergence herbicides on survival (%), s.a.r.b.g.p., and control (%) of Urena lobata when sprayed at 4- and 6-leaf stages of the weed Awan, Tahir Hussain, B.S. Chauhan, and P.C. Cruz, Figshare, 2014. 1.
12.    Simultaneous Quantification of Protocatechuic Acid, C.A., Quercetin and Kaempferol in Urena lobata L. by HPLC-VWD Xie, Zhen, et al., Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2013. 32(2): p. 251-256.
13.    Morpho anatomical studies of leaves of Urena lobata Linn Rinku, M. and S.P. Umachigi, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovations (IJPI), 2013. 3(1): p. 22-29.
14.    Effect of the aqueous root extract of Urena lobata (Linn) on the liver of albino rat Mshelia, I.Y., et al., Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013. 5(1): p. 01-06.
15.    In vitro antiproliferative and anti-oxidant activities of methanol extracts of Urena lobata and Viscum album against breast cancer cell lines Pieme, C.A., J. Ngogang, and M. Costache, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 2012. 94(5): p. 987-999.
16.    Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of Urena lobata L. ( Malvaceae) Fagbohun, E.D., R.R. Asare, and A.O. Egbebi, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012. 6(12): p. 2256-2260.
17.    Chemical constituents of Oroxylum indicum roots and Urena lobata roots Dinda, B., et al., Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2012. 89(9): p. 1279-1281.
18.    Preliminary study on antifertility activity of Enicostemma axillare leaves and Urena lobata root used in Indian traditional folk medicine Dhanapal, R., et al., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2012. 5(8): p. 616-622.
19.    Effects of Caeser weed (Urena lobata L) fibre, A.T.s.a.M.k.s.d.o.s.P.a.M.p.o.E.r.D., I. M. and O. Ojo, International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 2012. 7: p. 21-33.
20.    Spider nectivory by Phintella vittata Koch (Araneae: Salticidae) from the extrafloral nectaries of Urena lobata L. from the Indian region Soren, R. and S. Chowdhury, Current Science, 2011. 100(8): p. 1123-1124.
21.    Three new flavonoid glycosides from Urena lobata Jia, L., et al., Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 2011. 13(10): p. 907-914.
22.    Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of Urena lobata root and a standard marketed herbal formulation Rinku, M., et al., Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010. 3(5): p. 953-955.
23.    Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of Urena lobata linn Rinku, M., et al., International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2010. 2(4): p. 408-411.
24.    Haematological and sperm count changes following exposure to Hyptis suaveolens, C.v.a.U.l.i.r.O., G. M. and M.O. Abatan, Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2010. 31(2): p. 170-176.
25.    Two new compounds from Urena lobata L Jia, L., et al., Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 2010. 12(11): p. 962-967.
26.    Factors Affecting Seed Germination of Cadillo (Urena lobata) Wing, J., et al., Weed Science, 2009. 57(1): p. 31-35.
27.    Factors affecting seed germination of cadillo ( Urena lobata) Wang, J.J., et al., Weed Science, 2009. 57(1): p. 31-35.
28.    Lu, S.o.C.C.o.U.l.L.Ⅰ.F.C.J.I.A., et al., Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 2009. 40(9): p. 662-665,704.
29.    Lu, S.o.C.C.o.U.l.L.Ⅱ.P.A.C.J.I.A., et al., Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 2009. 40(10): p. 746-749.
30.    Molecular evidence for natural occurrence of Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus in Urena lobata from eastern India Acharyya, S., et al., Indian Journal of Virology, 2008. 19(1): p. 119-119.
31.    Antidiarrheal activity of Lithocarpus dealbata and Urena lobata extracts: Therapeutic implications Yadav, A.K. and V. Tangpu, Pharmaceutical Biology, 2007. 45(3): p. 223-229.
32.    First record of a begomovirus associated with yellow vein mosaic disease of Urena lobata in India Chatterjee, A., A. Roy, and S.K. Ghosh, Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2007. 2(1): p. 27-28.
33.    Urena lobata L. ssp alba - A new sub-species from Mumbai, M.I.P., S. N. and T. Srinivasu, Indian Forester, 2006. 132(5): p. 629-631.
34.    Triglycerides from Urena lobata Morelli, C.F., et al., Fitoterapia, 2006. 77(4): p. 296-299.
35.    ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Sida retusa, U.l.A.T.r.L., K. P., T.K. Simon, and M.S. Lathab, Ancient science of life, 2006. 25(3-4): p. 10-5.
36.    Occurrence and identification of Okra mosaic virus in Urena lobata in Nigeria Ansa, O.A. and D.B. Dangora, International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2004. 5: p. 36-45.
37.    Histopathological and serum biochemical changes following oral administration of aqueous crude extracts of Hyptis suaveolens, U.l.a.C.v.i.r.O., G. M. and M.O. Abatan, Tropical Veterinarian, 2003. 22(1): p. 9-15.
38.    Phomopsis urenae sp. nov. causing stem canker on Urena lobata Punithalingam, E., F.C.O. Freire, and L.S. Poltronieri, Summa Phytopathologica, 2002. 28(4): p. 360-362.
39.    Seed germination and seedling emergence of Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth and Urena lobata L Figueiredo, F.J.C., S.d.M. Alves, and A.P.S. Souza Filho, Revista de Ciencias Agrarias, 2002(37): p. 133-146.
40.    Antibacterial activity of Urena lobata root Mazumder, U.K., et al., Fitoterapia, 2001. 72(8): p. 927-929.
41.    Fiber arrangement and biometrics of two malva ( Urena lobata L.) cultivars Castilho, R.M.M., et al., Cultura Agronomica, 2001. 10(1): p. 51-57.
42.    Nutrient absorption of Brachiaria brizantha and the weed Urena lobata as influenced by pH Souza Filho, A.P.S., C.A.C. Veloso, and J.R.N. Gama, Planta Daninha, 2000. 18(3): p. 443-450.
43.    Micronutrients concentrations in malva ( Urena lobata L.) tissues, B.-v., grown in nutritive solutions Fasabi, J. A. V., J.G.d. Carvalho, and I.d.J.M. Viegas, Boletim da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias do Para, Brazil, 1998(29): p. 9-21.
44.    Concentrations of N, P., K, Ca, Mg and S in Urena lobata L. cv. BR-01 plants grown in nutrient solution with omission of macro- and micronutrients Fasabi, J. A., I.d.J.M. Viegas, and J.G.d. Carvalho, Boletim da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias do Para, 1997(27): p. 31-42.
45.    Anatomical study of the vegetative organs of Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae) Nascimento, M.E.d. and R.C.d.V. Potiguara, Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Serie Botanica, 1996. 12(1): p. 89-102.
46.    Effects of different dates of planting on the growth and fibre yield of Congo jute ( Urena lobata) Amankwatia, Y.O., Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science, 1995. 12: p. 19-25.
47.    POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF MALVAVISCUS-ARBOREUS VAR MEXICANUS AND URENA-LOBATA (MAGNOLIOPSIDA, M.B., S. D. and F.P. Vandervegt, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 1991. 110(1): p. 64-70.
48.    INTRASPECIFIC HYBRID GENERATIONS IN URENA-LOBATA L WITH A NOTE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES Pushparajan, G., P.I. Kuriachan, and C.A. Ninan, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Plant Sciences, 1989. 99(2): p. 127-130.
49.    SEED PRODUCTION OF URENA-LOBATA IN SIERRA-LEONE - EFFECT OF SOWING DATE Harris, P.J.C. and Y. Brewah, Tropical Agriculture, 1986. 63(1): p. 30-32.
50.    Effect of row spacing on growth, f.y.a.f.y.o.U.l.i.S.L.H., P. J. C., Jute Development Journal, 1986. 6(4): p. 17-21.
51.    SEED PRODUCTION OF URENA-LOBATA IN SIERRA-LEONE - EFFECT OF HARVEST DATE ON YIELD Harris, P.J.C., Tropical Agriculture, 1985. 62(3): p. 229-232.
52.    COTTON STAINERS DO DAMAGE URENA-LOBATA Harris, P.J.C., World Crops, 1984. 36(6): p. 223-223.
53.    DYSDERCUS SPP AS PESTS OF URENA-LOBATA IN SIERRA-LEONE Harris, P.J.C. and F. Bindi, Tropical Pest Management, 1983. 29(1): p. 1-6.
54.    Effect of cotton stainers ( Dysdercus spp.) on Urena lobata seed quality Harris, P.J.C., 10th International Congress of Plant Protection 1983. Volume 1. Proceedings of a conference held at Brighton, England, 20-25 November, 1983. Plant protection for human welfare., 1983: p. 107-107.
55.    Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of Congo jute ( Urena lobata) and kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus) on Malaysian peat Chew, W.Y., M.A.A. Malek, and K. Ramli, MARDI Research Bulletin, 1982. 10(3): p. 317-322.
56.    Insects injurious to mallow (Urena lobata L.) in the State of Para Silva, A.d.B. and B. Magalhaes, Boletim de Pesquisa, EMBRAPA, CPATU, 1981(21): p. 12 pp.-12 pp.
57.    SEED VIABILITY, D., AND FIELD EMERGENCE OF URENA-LOBATA L IN SIERRA-LEONE Harris, P. J. C., Tropical Agriculture, 1981. 58(3): p. 205-213.
58.    VALUE OF LABORATORY GERMINATION AND VIABILITY TESTS IN PREDICTING FIELD EMERGENCE OF URENA-LOBATA L Harris, P.J.C., Field Crops Research, 1981. 4(3): p. 237-245.
59.    Structure of production of Urena lobata in northeastern Para Homma, A.K.O., Circular Tecnica, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Umido, 1980(8): p. 30pp.-30pp.
60.    CHARACTERIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF HBR-REACTING ACIDS IN MUCUNA-PRURIENS AND URENA-LOBATA SEED OILS Ahmad, M.U., S.K. Husain, and S.M. Osman, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1978. 29(4): p. 372-376.
61.    Urena lobata Linn. (F. Malvaceae). A new host plant of the spiral borer of Mesta, A.a.T.B.B., S. P., S.C. Banerjee, and B. Singh, Science and Culture, 1977. 43(11): p. 505-506.
62.    Acrocercops sp. on Urena lobata L. (Congo jute) Pradhan, S.K. and L.K. Das, Science and Culture, 1976. 42(5): p. 272-273.
63.    A REPORT ON THE LEAF SPOT OF URENA-LOBATA Mukerjee, N. and B. Basu, Indian Phytopathology, 1974. 27(3): p. 441-443.
64.    A study of the relationship between plant characters and fibre yield in Urena lobata L Das Gupta, D.K., Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science, 1971. 4(2): p. 165-170.
65.    PESTS OF CULTIVATED URENA-LOBATA AND METHODS FOR ESTIMATING NUMBERS OF PODAGRICA BEETLES Taylor, W.E., Tropical Agriculture, 1970. 47(4): p. 343-&.
66.    ON FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF PODAGRICA-UNIFORMA AND P-SJOSTEDTI (COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON URENA-LOBATA IN NIGERIA Taylor, T.A., Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1970. 63(5): p. 1471-&.
67.    STUDIES ON POLLEN GRAINS OF URENA-LOBATA LINN Gupta, R.C. and S.K. Roy, Current Science, 1970. 39(11): p. 264-&.
68.    Kenaf and Urena lobata Amanquah, S.Y., Ghana Academy of Sciences, Crops Research Institute: Annual report 1967., 1970: p. 60-65.
69.    STUDIES ON FLOWERING RESPONSES OF URENA-LOBATA Mukherje.I, Plant Physiology, 1969. 44(12): p. 1749-&.
70.    PYRENOCHAETA URENAE SP NOV ON URENA LOBATA L IN INDIA Mathur, R.S. and P.P. Singh, Mycopathologia Et Mycologia Applicata, 1966. 29(1-2): p. 31-&.
71.    The production of Urena lobata fibre in Ghana Ahn, P., World Crops, 1963. 15(3): p. 92-103.
72.    Urena lobata Institut National Pour L' Etude Agro-Nomique Du Congo, B., Report. IN EAC 1959., 1960: p. 221-210; 221.
73.    Urena lobata Institut National Pour L'Etude Agro-Nomique Du Congo, B., Report. INEAC 1958, 1959: p. 467-191; 219; 467.
74.    Diseases of Urena lobata in the Middle Congo Tramier, R., Coton et Fibres Tropicales, 1953. 8(2): p. 240-256.
75.    Cytological study of two varieties of U. lobata Lefort, M., Coton et Fibres Tropicales, 1952. 7: p. 263-72.
76.    A study on the germination of Urena lobata Juillet, A., Agron. trop., 1952. 7(5): p. 487-507.
77.    'Stem canker' of Urena lobata Guillemat, J., Coton et Fibres Tropicales, 1952. 7(1): p. 137-146.
78.    A Botrytis disease of Urena lobata in Kenya Nattrass, R.M., East African Agricultural Journal, 1951. 16(4): p. p-181 p.
79.    A Botrvtis disease of Urena lobata in Kenya Nattras, R.M., East African Agric Jour, 1951. 16((4)): p. 181-184.
80.    Time of seeding of Urena lobata Medina, J.C., Bragantia, 1950. 10((8)): p. 235-246.
81.    Cultivation and retting of Urena lobata by natives of the equatorial regions of Belgian Congo Samuel, P., Bull. Agric., 1948. 39: p. 1-28.
82.    Cultivation and retting of U. lobata by natives of the equatorial regions of Belgian Congo Samuel, P., Bull Agric Congo Beige, 1948. 39((1)): p. 3-28.
83.    Retting trials with Urena lobata in Belgian Congo Coheur, C., Bull. agric. Congo belge, 1948. 39: p. 841-54.
84.    White-flowered plant of Urena lobata Linn. A new observation Guha, M.P., Current Science, 1946. 15: p. p-113 p.
85.    EFFECT OF PLANTING RATE ON FIBER YIELD OF URENA-LOBATA-L AS COMPARED WITH KENAF, H.-C.-L.C., J. C. and J.B. Acuna, Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 1945. 37(4): p. 245-250.
86.    Notes on the cultivation in Italian East Africa of jute, r., roselle, Urena lobata and hemp Massa, L., Agric. colon., 1943. 37: p. 70-8.
87.    Urena lobata- a jute substitute Calvert, J., Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Australia, 1942. 15: p. 318-20.
88.    Urena lobata long dash a jute substitute Calvert, J., Aus[Long Dash]Tralia Counc Sci and Indust Res Jour, 1942. 15((4)): p. 318-320.
89.    A survey of the possibilities of Urena lobata as a source of fibre in Trinidad Pound, F.J., Proceedings of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago, 1940. 40: p. 303-311; 313-321.
90.    U. lobata, C.j.G., G. De, Bull. agric. Congo belge, 1940. 31: p. 7-55.
91.    M'Vuazi, O.o.t.t.o.U.l.a.t.I.E.S.a., Agric. Elev. Congo Belge, 1940. 14: p. 19-20.
92.    Urena lobata als Faserpflanze im belgischen Kongo Tobler, F., Fmerjomch, 1938. 13((2)): p. 108-109.
93.    Rssais de culture d'Urena lobata a l'Equateur Bonnet, J., Ann Gembloux, 1936. 42((4)): p. 158-162.
94.    Urena lobata Note on Paka (U. lobata). Delpon, Rev Bot Appl Et Agric Coloniale, 1929. 9((90)): p. 31-34.
95.    Traditional Chinese medicine composition useful for treating xerophthalmia with the deficiency of lung yin comprises e.g. Chinese ladies tresses root or herb, U.l., hemipilia flabellata bur. et franch and Parnassia wightiana Wall Zhu, Z. Zhu Z.
96.    Chinese medicinal liquid useful for treating osteoproliferation, c.P.f., Paris polyphylla root, Urena lobata root, Bulbophyllum odoratissimum and Isodon glaucocalyx Zhao, L. Zhao L.
97.    Anesthetic drug composition, u.f.t.e.g.c.p., comprises Lindera reflexa, fennel, watercress, Pholidota, soybean, white butterfly flower, Liriope spicata, motherwort, corn stigma, Urena lobata, and sea leeks Zhang, Y. Zhang Y.
98.    Capsule containing oldenlandia and urena lobata comprises malus asiatica nakai composition and and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers Wei, F. Guangxi Huahong Pharm Co Ltd.
99.    Medicine used for, e.g.t.l.c., includes lucid ganoderma, Antrodia camphorate, elecampane, emblic leafflower fruit, Meconopsis, Agave angustifolia, Urena lobata, tabasheer, and Herpetospermum pedunculosum seed Wang, Q., Y. Qin, and J. Zeng. Wang Q; Qin Y; Zeng J.
100.    Traditional Chinese medicine used e.g. for treating chronic osteomyelitis includes Ardisia pusilla, L., Bauhinia championii, Urena lobata, Lycopodium clavatum, Achyranthes aspera, Uncaria, and caulis spatholobi Su, G. Su G.
101.    Composition used as food preservative, c.I., Hydrangea paniculata, Urena lobata, water lily, Zinnia elegans, Streptolirion, Bauhinia championii vine, bamboo leaf, Heliotropium indicum, carrier and medical stone Ren, Y. and J. Xin. Kong T.
102.    Traditional Chinese medicine useful e.g. for treating alopecia areata and activating blood to promote menstruation, c.p.n., radix ginseng rubra, fructus psoraleae, safflower, Populus simonii and Urena lobata Chen, W. Chen W.
103.    Antihypertensive agent for treating hypertension comprises extracts of many plants, s.a.A.m.M., Urena lobata L, Glycyrrhiza glabra L and/or Quercus lusitanica Lamk as active ingredients. Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd.
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