Sunday, June 24, 2018

Embelia ribes, baibirang, vayuvidangam, ambati, vidanga, Pokok Akar Asam Kumbang


Embelia ribes Burm.f.
Family: Primulaceae

Synonyms: Antidesma grossularia Raeusch., Antidesma ribes (Burm.f.) Raeusch., Ardisia tenuiflora Blume, Calispermum scandens Lam., Embelia burmanni Retz., Embelia dentata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. [Invalid], Embelia garciniifolia Wall. ex Ridl., Embelia glandulifera Wight, Embelia indica J.F.Gmel., Embelia paniculata Moon, Embelia ribes var. ribes, Embelia ribes subsp. ribes, Embelia sumatrana Miq., Ribesiodes ribes (Burm. f.) Kuntze, Samara ribes (Burm. f.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Kurz

  • English: False black pepper, Malabar embelia, worm killer (trade name)
  • Chinese: 水林果
  • Cambodia: chou pruc
  • Gujarati: આંબટી ambati, વાવડિંગ vavding
  • Hindi: बायबिरंग baibirang
  • Indonesia: aka sekileng, areuj katjembang, kacembang
  • Kannada: ವಾಯಿವುಳಂಗ vayivulanga
  • Kashmiri: Babading 
  • Konkani: आंबटी ambati
  • Laos: reut jeum bang
  • Malayalam: അമ്മിമുറിയൻ ammimuriyan, ബസാൾ basaal, ചെറിയകൊട്ടം cheriya kottam, ഈഷാൽ eeshaal, കാട്ടുവിഴാൽ kaattu vizhaal, മരക്കീര marakkeera, വലിയ വിഴാലരി valiya vizhaalari
  • Malay: Pokok Akar Asam Kumbang,  akar sulur kerang
  • Marathi: आंबटी ambati
  • Nepali: भ्याभिदङ्ग bhyabhidanga
  • Oriya: Bidanga, Vidanga
  • Punjabi: ਬਾਇਬਿੰਡਗ
  • Sanskrit: विडङ्ग vidanga
  • Tamil: வாயுவிளங்கம் vayu-vilankam
  • Telugu: వాయువిడంగం
  • Thailand: som kung
  • Urdu: Baobarang, Babrang

Description: Shrubs scandent. Branchlets angled, longitudinally ridged, densely tawny or rusty papillose-tomentose. Petiole 5-10 mm, marginate to base; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or narrowly obovate, (3.5-)5-8(-10) × (1.5-)3-3.5 cm, papery, leathery or rarely cartilaginous, glabrous, pellucid or black punctate, base cuneate or rounded, margin revolute, entire, apex acuminate, rarely subacute; lateral veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences terminal, pinnately pyramidal paniculate, (6-) 10-l5(-30) cm; bracts subulate or lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm, sparsely puberulent abaxially, black punctate-lineate, margin entire, sparsely glandular puberulent, apex subulate. Flowers greenish or white, (4 or)5-merous, papery, staminate 2-2.5 mm, pistillate 1.5-2 mm. Pedicel (2-)3-3.5 mm in staminate, 1.5-2.5 mm in pistillate, sparsely to densely papillose puberulent. Sepals deltate, pellucid-punctate, glandular papillose adaxially and on margin, apex acuminate. Petals free, elliptic or oblong, papery, pellucid punctate, densely glandular granulose inside, margin entire, long glandular papillose, apex acute to obtuse. Stamens subequalling petals or slightly exserted to 1 mm in staminate and 2/3 petal length in pistillate; anthers ovate or oblong, base sagittate, apex rounded, connective black punctate. Ovary glabrous. Stigma capitate or 2- or 3-lobed. Fruit red or scarlet, globose or ovoid,(2-)3-4 (-5) mm in diam., smooth, wrinkled when dry, densely black punctate.

Anthelmintic, alterative, astringent, carminative,  stimulant  and  tonic. Used in colic,  constipation, flatulence  and worms. [Advances in Medicinal Plants]

Used in worm infestations, flatulence, colic, and diseases of the abdomen (therapeutic uses based on texts from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries). According to Charaka and Sushruta (1000 bc), Vidanga is the best remedy for worms and excels as an anthelmintic (given in the early morning during fasting, with milk or syrup, followed by a purgative). Embelin impairs spermatogenesis and reduces sperm count. It is reported to be effective against tapeworm, as well as in giardiasis. [Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial Plant Drugs: Expanded Therapeutics]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Fruits stomachic, nervine tonic, tonic, antifertility, acrid, astringent, alterative, anthelmintic, molluscicidal, for piles, leprosy, skin diseases, constipation, indigestion, colic, flatulence; a paste is locally applied against tapeworm, ringworm; dry fruits decoction used in fevers, chest pain and skin diseases, and as mouth wash in decay of teeth; dried powdered fruits anthelmintic, astringent, tonic, taken to kill worms in stomach, used in scorpion sting and snakebite. Seed powder in headache. A roots infusion to treat coughs, indigestion, flatulence, colic, stomachache and diarrhea. Powder made from dried bark of the root a remedy for toothache. The crushed fresh bark used to repel leeches, and as a fish poison; leaves and bark juice as fish poison. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Garhwali and Tribes of North-east India: Seed:  in skin diseases,  ringworms,  leprosy;  Ethnic Communities of  Kamrup (Assam):  Fruit: in stomach complaints; Matsya  Purana:  important  medicinal  plant;  Agni  Purana:  beneficial  for  gastroenteritis, cirrhosis of liver, oedema, skin diseases including  leprosy and  effective  in killing  worms  in  alimentary canal; Vijacintamanitantra: consumption of powdered fruit along with  fruits of Emblica officinalis, honey and sesame-oil improves quality  of sperms; Bhavaprakasha: it is  pungent, removes morbidity,  impi'Oves  blood circulation,  stimulates appetite,  acts  against  phlegm,  makes  the  body  light,  kills  worms  of all  types;  Rajanighantu: it is pungent, hot, light, enhances balance between  wind and phlegm, beneficial in anorexia and improves digestive  power;  Siddha:  Dried  fruits  are  used  to  prepare the  drug  Vaivitankam. Plant: cures abdominal tumors, and anemias,  cystic tumors,  pyorrhoea,  useful  against tape worms;  EtOH  extract of plant: slightly active against E coli; one of the constituents  of 'Gasex', and some oral contraceptives; Fruit: cures dental, oral,  throat troubles except cancer of lips and ptyslism, constituent of  some quick aboriticide;  Aqueous  extract of fruit:  pronounced  antifertility  activity,  anthelmintic against earthworms; Fruit- powder: expels tapeworms within 6-24 hours, if taken with curd  in  empty stomach,  effective against giardia; Seed:  antibiotic,  anthelmintic, antituberculosis,  alterative and stimulative. [Horticultural, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants]

Ascaricidal, anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, febrifuge. Used in diseases of chest and skin. Active principles are found to be oestrogenic and weakly progestogenic. Root—bechic, antidiarrhoeal. Seed—spermicidal, oxytocic, diuretic. The plant is also used for its blood purifying properties. It is an ingredient in cough syrups, preparations for anaemia, genitourinary tract infections, diarrhoea and diseases of the liver. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

The seeds of Embelia ribes Burm. f. are eaten to expel intestinal worms in several Asian countries. In Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the seeds are used to expel intestinal worms. The dried leaves are used to heal pimples and boils. In India, the seeds are used to relieve the bowels of costiveness and to expel intestinal worms. Embelia (British pharmaceutical Codex, 1934), or the dried fruits which must contain about 2.5% of embelin, was used to expel intestinal worms (dose: 4 g–16 g; 60–240 grains) in Western medicine. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]

193 published articles of Embelia ribes
1.    Rani, A.S. and N. Vakiti, Genetic Diversity Analysis in Embelia Ribes by RAPD Markers. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 2018. 54: p. S51-S51.
2.    Kosulic, O., et al., Lethal and sublethal effects of Embelia ribes and two commercial pesticides on a generalist predator. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2018. 142(4): p. 428-436.
3.    Hossan, M.S., et al., Antiviral activity of Embelia ribes Burm. f. against influenza virus in vitro. Archives of virology, 2018.
4.    Chen, J.-P., et al., New alkylresorcinols from the fruits of Embelia ribes. Fitoterapia, 2018. 128: p. 66-72.
5.    Saini, P., L. Lakshmayya, and V.S. Bisht, Anti-Alzheimer activity of isolated karanjin from Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre and embelin from Embelia ribes Burm.f. Ayu, 2017. 38(1-2): p. 76-81.
6.    Saini, M., G. Sharma, and M. Kotecha, A COMPARATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F. AND EMBELIARO BUSTA AUCT. NONROXB. FRUITS. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2017. 8(1): p. 342-349.
7.    Saeed, A., et al., In Vitro Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects of Myristica fragrans, Illicuim verum, Curculigo orchioeides, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Embelia ribes against Lipid Peroxidation in Mice Liver. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2017. 39(5): p. 827-832.
8.    Kosulic, O., et al., Impact of plant extracts of Embelia ribes and two commercial pesticides on mortality and predator activity of a generalist predator, Oxyopes lineatipes. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Langkawi, Malaysia, September 11-15, 2017, ed. P.G. Mason, D.R. Gillespie, and C. Vincent. 2017. 304-305.
9.    Durg, S., et al., Antidiabetic activity of Embelia ribes, embelin and its derivatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2017. 86: p. 195-204.
10.    Durg, S., et al., Antipsychotic activity of embelin isolated from Embelia ribes: A preliminary study. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2017. 90: p. 328-331.
11.    Dhayalan, M., et al., In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic potential of gold and silver nanoparticles prepared using Embelia ribes. Natural Product Research, 2017. 31(4): p. 465-468.
12.    Transdisciplinary, U., Embelia ribes isolate:ER1 Genome sequencing. European Nucleotide Archive, 2016.
13.    Shruthi, A.M., et al., Standardization of seed and vegetative propagation techniques in Embelia ribes Burm f.: an endangered medicinal plant. Research on Crops, 2016. 17(4): p. 793-799.
14.    Saraf, A., K.S. Srinivas, and A. Chaturvedi, Phytochemical and Elemental Profile of Embelia ribes Burn. F. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2016. 7(4): p. 471-476.
15.    Meenu, B. and S.B. Prasad, Embelia ribes: a valuable medicinal plant. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016. 8(4): p. 1229-1233.
16.    Shirole, R.L., N.L. Shirole, and M.N. Saraf, Embelia ribes ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015. 168: p. 356-363.
17.    Phu Hoang, D., et al., alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Embelia ribes. Fitoterapia, 2015. 100: p. 201-207.
18.    Phu Hoang, D., et al., alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Embelia ribes. Fitoterapia, 2015. 100: p. 201-207.
19.    Alam, M.S., et al., Development of response surface methodology for optimization of extraction parameters and quantitative estimation of embelin from Embelia ribes Burm by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2015. 11(42): p. S166-S172.
20.    Alam, M.S., et al., Development of response surface methodology for optimization of extraction parameters and quantitative estimation of embelin from Embelia ribes Burm by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2015. 11(42 (Suppl.)): p. 166-172.
21.    Sudha, S. and S. Pragya, Antistress activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Embelia ribes. Flora and Fauna (Jhansi), 2014. 20(2): p. 323-328.
22.    Souravi, K. and P.E. Rajasekharan, A review on the pharmacology of Embelia ribes Burm.f. - a threatened medicinal plant. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2014. 5(2): p. P-443-P-456.
23.    Shruti, R., et al., Development and validation of a liquid chromatography method for determination of embelin in crude extract of Embelia ribes. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014. 4(36): p. 9-13.
24.    Phu Hoang, D., et al., alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from the Stems of Embelia ribes. Phytotherapy Research, 2014. 28(11): p. 1632-1636.
25.    Joy, B., et al., Embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-p-benzoquinone): A bioactive molecule isolated from Embelia ribes as an effective photodynamic therapeutic candidate against tumor in vivo. Phytomedicine, 2014. 21(11): p. 1292-1297.
26.    Hrideek, T.K., et al., Assessment of juvenile variability of morphological and biophysical characters in Embelia ribes Burm. Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 2014. 21(4): p. 211-214.
27.    Geetha, S., et al., Distribution and population status of Embelia ribes Burm. F., a red listed medicinal plant in India, and its relevance in conservation. Indian Forester, 2014. 140(7): p. 667-673.
28.    Animesh, S., et al., Authentication, micropropagation and conservation of Embelia ribes - a vulnerable medicinal plant. Indian Forester, 2014. 140(7): p. 707-714.
29.    Venkatasubramanian, P., et al., Evaluation of traditional anthelmintic herbs as substitutes for the endangered Embelia ribes, using Caenorhabditis elegans model. Current Science, 2013. 105(11): p. 1593-1598.
30.    Syed, A., Ramandang, and Rajasekharan, Preliminary phyto chemicals investigation of Embelia ribes. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2013. 3(2): p. 389-391.
31.    Mujeeb, M., et al., Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Embelin from Embelia ribes using Response Surface Methodology. Planta Medica, 2013. 79(10): p. 840-840.
32.    Dhavala, A., S. Ashutosh, and T.S. Rathore, Impact of population structure, growth habit and seedling ecology on regeneration of Embelia ribes Burm. f. - approaches toward a quasi in situ conservation strategy. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013. 4(6A): p. 28-35.
33.    Chaudhari, H.S., U. Bhandari, and G. Khanna, EMBELIA RIBES EXTRACT REDUCES HIGH FAT DIET AND LOW DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS. Excli Journal, 2013. 12: p. 858-871.
34.    Bharat, L. and M. Neeraj, Importance of Embelia ribes: an update. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2013. 4(10): p. 3823-3838.
35.    Bhandari, U., et al., Antidiabetic effects of Embelia ribes extract in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Frontiers in Life Science, 2013. 7(3-4): p. 186-196.
36.    Bhandari, U., et al., Anti-obesity effect of standardized ethanol extract of Embelia ribes in murine model of high fat diet-induced obesity. PharmaNutrition, 2013. 1(2): p. 50-57.
37.    Syed, A., Ramandang, and Rajasekharan, Tissue culture tecniques and types in relation to Embelia ribes in vitro process. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2012. 2(1): p. 27-31.
38.    Syed, A., Ramandang, and Rajasekharan, Taxonomy & flower stages in Embelia ribes Burm f. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2012. 2(2): p. 488-494.
39.    Rama, S., et al., Distribution, conservation and folk uses of Vaibidang (Embelia ribes Burm. f.). International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012. 4(13): p. 525-529.
40.    Preetha, T.S., A.S. Hemanthakumar, and P.N. Krishnan, Effect of plant growth regulators on high frequency in vitro multiplication of a vulnerable woody medicinal climber Embelia ribes Burm. f. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012. 6(23): p. 4011-4018.
41.    Jagtap, A.G., J.S. Sancheti, and A.S. Phadke, Antiplatelet and antithrombotic actvity of ethanol extract of Embelia ribes. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry & Pharmacology, 2012. 2(3): p. 150-156.
42.    Iram, N., S.H. Ansari, and A. Poonam, Antiobesity actions of Embelia ribes. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012. 4(32): p. 73-80.
43.    Hussain, A., A.G. Pandurangan, and R. Remya, Effect of auxins on stem cuttings and air layers of Embelia ribes Burm. f. - an important medicinal plant of India. Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 2012. 19(3): p. 195-198.
44.    Harish, G.U., et al., Endangered medicinal plant Embelia ribes Burm.f. - a review. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012. 4(27): p. 6-19.
45.    Chaudhari, H.S., U. Bhandari, and G. Khanna, Preventive Effect of Embelin from Embelia ribes on Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Planta Medica, 2012. 78(7): p. 651-657.
46.    Akbar, Z., Burn wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes burm fruits alone and in combination with silver sulphadiazine. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012. 2(6): p. unpaginated-unpaginated.
47.    Vaghela, J.S. and S.S. Sisodia, In vitro antioxidant activity of Embelia ribes fruit extracts. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 2011. 3(10): p. 14-30.
48.    Uma, B., et al., Attenuation of ischemia reperfusion-induced myocardial injuries by aqueous Embelia ribes Burm. extract in albino rats. Hamdard Medicus, 2011. 54(3): p. 33-41.
49.    Thippeswamy, B.S., et al., Protective Effect of Embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. Against Transient Global Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Rats. Neurotoxicity Research, 2011. 20(4): p. 379-386.
50.    Sudani, R.J., et al., Quantitative and chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Embelia ribes churna formulations by HPLC method. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 2011. 2(2): p. 657-663.
51.    Sudani, R.J., B.V. Akbari, and G. Vidyasagar, Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Embelia ribes Burm f. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 2011. 2(2): p. 648-651.
52.    Shukla, M., Isolation of Stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-arabinopyranosyl 1 -> 4 -O-beta-D-glucopyranoside from Seeds of Embelia ribes Burm. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2011. 23(10): p. 4438-4440.
53.    Rani, A.S., G. Sulakshana, and V. Nagamani, Evaluation of antibacterial potential of Embelia ribes. Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 2011. 3(1): p. 71-72.
54.    Rani, A.S., et al., In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of the Seed Extract of Embelia Ribes. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011. 73(2): p. 247-249.
55.    Raghu, A.V., et al., Plant regeneration and production of embelin from organogenic and embryogenic callus cultures of Embelia ribes Burm. f.-a vulnerable medicinal plant. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 2011. 47(4): p. 506-515.
56.    Raghu, A.V., et al., Plant regeneration and production of embelin from organogenic and embryogenic callus cultures of Embelia ribes Burm. f.-a vulnerable medicinal plant. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2011. 47(4): p. 506-515.
57.    Radhakrishnan, N., A. Gnanamani, and A.B. Mandal, A potential antibacterial agent Embelin, a natural benzoquinone extracted from Embelia ribes. Biology and Medicine, 2011. 3(2): p. 1-7.
58.    Mhaskar, M., et al., Status of Embelia ribes Burm f. (Vidanga), an important medicinal species of commerce from northern Western Ghats of India. Current Science, 2011. 100(4): p. 547-552.
59.    Mhaskar, M., et al., Status of Embelia ribes Burm f. (Vidanga), an important medicinal species of commerce from northern Western Ghats of India (vol 100, pg 547, 2011). Current Science, 2011. 100(5): p. 768-768.
60.    Manish, M. and P.C. Kotwal, Immature harvesting of Baibidang (Embelia ribes) fruits and its impact on raw material quality: a case of Nagpur Forest Division, Maharashtra. Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 2011. 18(3): p. 221-226.
61.    Mahendran, S., et al., Anticonvulsant activity of embelin isolated from Embelia ribes. Phytomedicine, 2011. 18(2-3): p. 186-188.
62.    Madhavan, S.N., R. Arimboor, and C. Arumughan, RP-HPLC-DAD method for the estimation of embelin as marker in Embelia ribes and its polyherbal formulations. Biomedical Chromatography, 2011. 25(5): p. 600-605.
63.    Kumar, A.P., et al., Anti bacterial activity of various extracts of Gymnema sylvestre and Embelia ribes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2011. 3(2): p. 2440-2451.
64.    Brahmeshwari, G. and M. Surekha, Antifungal activity of semisynthetic derivatives of Embelin (Embelia ribes). Advances in Plant Sciences, 2011. 24(2): p. 467-470.
65.    Zafar, A., D. Banji, and D. Pradip, Prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes fruits and alpha-tocopherol in experimental animals. Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, 2010. 7(1): p. 53-Article 53.
66.    Vandana and A. Sandeep, Comparison of TLC fingerprint profile of different extracts of Embelia ribes. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010. 2(4): p. 2438-2440.
67.    Rathi, S.G., V.H. Bhaskar, and P.G. Patel, Antifungal activity of Embelia ribes plant extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR), 2010. 1(1): p. 6-10.
68.    Nagarajan, B. and N. Venkatasubramanian, Phenology and reproductive success in wild populations of Embelia ribes Burm. F.: a case study. Journal of Palynology, 2010. 45: p. 59-64.
69.    Kumar, R.R., et al., Comparative efficacy of Embelia ribes and fenbendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. Indian Veterinary Journal, 2010. 87(7): p. 731-732.
70.    Khan, M.I., et al., Monograph of Embelia ribes Burm. f. African Journal of Plant Science, 2010. 4(12): p. 503-505.
71.    Dhavala, A. and T.S. Rathore, Micropropagation of Embelia ribes Burm f. through proliferation of adult plant axillary shoots. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 2010. 46(2): p. 180-191.
72.    Annapurna, D. and T.S. Rathore, Micropropagation of Embelia ribes Burm f. through proliferation of adult plant axillary shoots. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2010. 46(2): p. 180-191.
73.    Annapurna, D. and T.S. Rathore, Direct adventitious shoot induction and plant regeneration of Embelia ribes Burm F. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2010. 101(3): p. 269-277.
74.    Ambati, S., V. Jyothi, and V.A. Jyothi, Pharmacological, pharmacognostic and phytochemical review of Embelia ribes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2010. 2(4): p. 525-539.
75.    Swarnkar, C.P., et al., Anthelmintic potential of Embelia ribes seeds against Haemonchus contortus of sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2009. 79(2): p. 167-170.
76.    Rathi, S.G., et al., Antifungal activity of Embelia ribes plant extracts. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2009. 1(2): p. 115-120.
77.    Manish, M. and P.C. Kotwal, Unripe fruit collection of Baibirang (Embelia ribes) and its impact on raw material quality: a case of Dhamtari forest division, Chattisgarh, India. International Journal of Forest Usufructs Management, 2009. 10(2): p. 44-52.
78.    Bhandari, U. and M.N. Ansari, Ameliorative effect of an ethanol extract of Embelia ribes fruits on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009. 47(8): p. 669-674.
79.    Ansari, M.N., et al., Effect of ethanol extract of Embelia ribes fruits on cardiac changes in rats subjected to ischemic reperfusion injury. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009. 47(12): p. 1180-1186.
80.    Singh, G., M. Ahmad, and M. Nazim, A bibliometric study of Embelia ribes. Library Review, 2008. 57(4): p. 289-97.
81.    Rajput, M.K.S., et al., Anthelmintic efficacy of the seed of Embelia ribes against Haemonchus contortus. Animal Science Reporter, 2008. 2(3): p. 113-115.
82.    Purohit, A., K.B. Vyas, and S.K. Vyas, Hypoglycaemic activity of Embelia ribes berries (50% etoh) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Ancient science of life, 2008. 27(4): p. 41-4.
83.    Devaiah, K.M. and P. Venkatasubramanian, Genetic characterization and authentication of Embelia ribes using RAPD-PCR and SCAR marker. Planta Medica, 2008. 74(2): p. 194-196.
84.    Bhandari, U., et al., Beneficial effect of Embelia ribes ethanolic extract on blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Fitoterapia, 2008. 79(5): p. 351-355.
85.    Bhandari, U., et al., REDUCTION OF SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE AND LIPID LEVELS BY AQUEOUS EMBELIA RIBES BURM EXTRACT IN METHIONINE-INDUCED HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA IN RATS. Atherosclerosis Supplements, 2008. 9(1): p. 223-224.
86.    Bhandari, U., et al., The effect of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes Burm on serum homocysteine, lipids and oxidative enzymes in methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2008. 40(4): p. 152-157.
87.    Bhandari, U., M.N. Ansari, and F. Islam, Cardioprotective effect of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes Burm fruits against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in albino rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2008. 46(1): p. 35-40.
88.    Bhandari, U. and M.N. Ansari, Antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes Burm in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2008. 46(8): p. 607-613.
89.    Bhandari, U. and M.N. Ansari, Protective effect of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes Burm fruits in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2008. 40(5): p. 215-220.
90.    Ansari, M.N., et al., Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes Burm in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rats. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 2008. 22(3): p. 305-314.
91.    Ansari, M.N., et al., Effect of ethanolic Embelia ribes burm extract on methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress in rat brain. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2008. 40: p. 82-82.
92.    Ansari, M.N. and U. Bhandari, Antihyperhomocysteinemic activity of an ethanol extract from Embelia ribes in albino rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2008. 46(4): p. 283-287.
93.    Ansari, M.N. and U. Bhandari, THE CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM ON ISOPROTERENOL- INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN ALBINO RATS. Atherosclerosis Supplements, 2008. 9(1): p. 170-170.
94.    Ansari, M.N. and U. Bhandari, Protective effect of Embelia ribes Burm on methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress in rat brain. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2008. 46(7): p. 521-527.
95.    Ansari, M.N. and U. Bhandari, Effect of an Ethanol Extract of Embelia ribes Fruits on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Albino Rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2008. 46(12): p. 928-932.
96.    Swamy, H.M.K., et al., Wound healing activity of embelin isolated from the ethanol extract of leaves of Embelia ribes Burm. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007. 109(3): p. 529-534.
97.    Rani, A.S. and U.S. Murty, Chemical, Botanical, Medical and Pharmacological studies of Embelia ribes Burm. (Family : Myrsinaceae). Phytomedicines, ed. J.N. Govil, V.K. Singh, and R. Bhardwaj. Vol. 16. 2007. 293-301.
98.    McErlean, C.S.P. and C.J. Moody, First synthesis of N-(3-carboxylpropyl)-5-amino-2-hydroxy-3-tridecyl-1,4-benzoquinone, an unusual quinone isolated from Embelia ribes. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2007. 72(26): p. 10298-10301.
99.    Latha, C., Microwave-assisted extraction of embelin from Embelia ribes. Biotechnology Letters, 2007. 29(2): p. 319-322.
100.    Bhandari, U., N. Jain, and K.K. Pillai, Further studies on antioxidant potential and protection of pancreatic beta-cells by Embelia ribes in experimental diabetes. Experimental diabetes research, 2007. 2007: p. 15803-15803.
101.    Shankarmurthy, K. and V. Krishna, Micropropagation of Embelia ribes Burm.f. using inflorescence segments. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2006. 5(4): p. 551-554.
102.    Raghu, A.V., et al., Direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of Embelia ribes Burm. f.: a vulnerable medicinal plant. Journal of Forest Research, 2006. 11(1): p. 57-60.
103.    Pengcheng, L.I.N., et al., Phenolic constituents in Embelia ribes. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2006. 37(6): p. 818-821.
104.    Pande, V.V., et al., A comparative study of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia, Cyperus rotundus and Embelia ribes on hyperlipidaemia induced albino rats. Biomed, 2006. 1(3): p. 264-266.
105.    Lin, P., et al., A nitrogen-containing 3-alkyl-1,4-benzoquinone and a gomphilactone derivative from Embelia ribes. Journal of Natural Products, 2006. 69(11): p. 1629-1632.
106.    Latha, C., Selective extraction of embelin from embelia ribes by hydrotropes. Separation Science and Technology, 2006. 41(16): p. 3721-3729.
107.    Haq, K., M. Ali, and A. Siddiqui, New compounds from the seeds of Embelia ribes Burm. Pharmazie, 2005. 60(1): p. 69-71.
108.    Shankarmurthy, K., et al., Rapid adventitious organogenesis from leaf segments of Embelia ribes burm. - a threatened medicinal plant. Taiwania, 2004. 49(3): p. 194-200.
109.    Shankarmurthy, K., et al., High frequency plant regeneration from leaf callus cultures of Embelia ribes Burm. a threatened medicinal plant. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 2004. 5(3-4): p. 115-120.
110.    Krishna, V., et al., Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of plantlets from leaf callus culture of Embelia ribes. Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 2004. 5(1): p. 95-99.
111.    Lakshmanan, K.K., Embelia ribes Burm.F: a multifaceted medicinal (Vidanga) shrub. Indian Journal of Arecanut, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 2003. 5(2): p. 43-45.
112.    Dama, L.B. and R.V. Kirdak, Effect of vidhang seed (Embelia ribes L.) extract against Ascaridia galli in naturally infected fowls (Gallus domesticus). Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2002. 26(1): p. 48-49.
113.    Bhandari, U., R. Kanojia, and K.K. Pillai, Effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes on dyslipidemia in diabetic rats. International journal of experimental diabetes research, 2002. 3(3): p. 159-62.
114.    Rao, I.G. and D.K. Singh, Combinations of Azadirachta indica and Cedrus deodara oil with piperonyl butoxide, MGK-264 and Embelia ribes against Lymnaea acuminata. Chemosphere, 2001. 44(8): p. 1691-1695.
115.    Wanjari, Y.S., et al., Efficacy of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes seeds against Ascaridia galli in white leg horn chicks. Indian Veterinary Journal, 2000. 77(1): p. 73-75.
116.    Chauhan, S.K., B.P. Singh, and S. Agarwal, A TLC Identification and Spectrophotometric Estimation of Embelin in Embelia ribes. Ancient science of life, 1999. 19(1-2): p. 46-8.
117.    Tsuda, Y., et al., Anthelmintic effect of the Embelia ribes decoction and embelin derivatives on Trichuris muris in mice. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 1996. 45(6): p. 491-497.
118.    Samatha, S. and T.N. Vasudevan, Embelia ribes Burm as a source of red colorant. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 1996. 55(11): p. 888-889.
119.    Roma, M., 'Vidanga' (Embelia ribes) - an Ayurvedic drug can help family planning. Applied Botany Abstracts, 1995. 15(4): p. 267-282.
120.    Pal, S.K., et al., ESTIMATION OF EMBELIN IN EMBELIA-RIBES-BURM (F-MYRSINACEAE) AND IN FORMULATION BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD. Research and Industry, 1995. 40(2): p. 118-120.
121.    Pal, S.K., et al., STUDIES OF PH, TOTAL SOLID CONTENT AND COLOR OF THE TINCTURES OF EMBELIA-RIBES BURM (F MYRSINACEAE) PREPARED BY DIFFERENT STRENGTHS OF ALCOHOL. Research and Industry, 1994. 39(4): p. 253-254.
122.    Suhruda, J., et al., Studies on the efficacy of baberang (Embelia ribes) and kurchi (Holarrhena antidysenterica) in experimental balantidiosis in calves. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1991. 11(1-2): p. 1-3.
123.    Kumari, V. and A.K. Roy, BIODETERIORATION OF EMBELIA-RIBES SEEDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT RELATIVE HUMIDITIES. National Academy Science Letters-India, 1990. 13(5): p. 167-169.
124.    Chander, H. and S.M. Ahmed, INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EMBELIA-RIBES BURM. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore, 1987. 24(4): p. 198-199.
125.    Prakash, A.O., R. Mathur, and S. Kumar, PROGESTATIONAL AND ANTIPROGESTATIONAL ACTIVITY OF EMBELIA-RIBES BURM. Comparative Physiology and Ecology, 1985. 10(2): p. 89-92.
126.    Low, G., et al., VISUAL DEFICITS AND RETINOTOXICITY CAUSED BY THE NATURALLY-OCCURRING ANTHELMINTICS, EMBELIA-RIBES AND HAGENIA-ABYSSINICA. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1985. 81(2): p. 220-230.
127.    Sanyal, M., S.K. Roy, and P.C. Datta, PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF EMBELIA-RIBES FRUIT DRUG. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 1984. 5(5): p. 1235-1239.
128.    Varshney, M.D., B.B. Sharma, and A.O. Prakash, EFFECT OF EMBELIA-RIBES BURM EXTRACTS ON ALBINO-RAT OVARIAN STRUCTURES. Comparative Physiology and Ecology, 1982. 7(4): p. 303-306.
129.    Seth, S.D., N. Johri, and K.R. Sundaram, ANTI SPERMATOGENIC EFFECT OF EMBELIN FROM EMBELIA-RIBES. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1982. 14(2): p. 207-212.
130.    Garg, S.K., ANTI FERTILITY EFFECT OF EMBELIA-RIBES AND PIPER-LONGUM IN FEMALE RATS. Fitoterapia, 1982. 52(4): p. 167-170.
131.    Garg, S.K., Antifertility effect of Embelia ribes seeds and Piper longum roots in female rats. Fitoterapia, 1981. 52(4): p. 167-169.
132.    Krishnaswamy, M. and K.K. Purushothaman, ANTI-FERTILITY PROPERTIES OF EMBELIA-RIBES. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1980. 18(6): p. 638-638.
133.    Krishnaswamy, M. and K.K. Purushothaman, ANTI-FERTILITY PROPERTIES OF EMBELIA-RIBES - (EMBELIN). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1980. 18(11): p. 1359-1360.
134.    Purandare, T.V., et al., SEMEN ANALYSIS AND HORMONAL LEVELS IN BONNET MACAQUES ADMINISTERED EMBELIA-RIBES BERRIES, AN INDIGENOUS PLANT HAVING CONTRACEPTIVE ACTIVITY. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1979. 17(9): p. 935-936.
135.    Prakash, A.O. and R. Mathur, STUDIES ON ESTROUS-CYCLE OF ALBINO-RATS - RESPONSE TO EMBELIA RIBES EXTRACTS. Planta Medica, 1979. 36(2): p. 134-141.
136.    Prakash, A.O., EFFECT OF EMBELIA-RIBES ON UTERINE WEIGHT OF NORMAL AND OVARIECTOMIZED RATS. Planta Medica, 1979. 35(4): p. 370-372.
137.    Prakash, A.O., EFFECT OF EMBELIA RIBES ON UTERINE WEIGHT OF NORMAL AND OVARIECTOMIZED RATS. Planta Medica, 1979. 35(4): p. 370-372.
138.    Prakash, A.O., PHOSPHATASES ACTIVITY IN THE UTERUS OF INTACT AND OVARIECTOMIZED RATS - RESPONSE TO EMBELIA RIBES EXTRACTS. Planta Medica, 1979. 36(4): p. 369-374.
139.    Kholkute, S.D., et al., ANTI-FERTILITY EFFECTS OF EMBELIA-RIBES BURM. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1978. 16(10): p. 1035-1037.
140.    Pandey, B.B. and P. Rai, Therapeutic evaluation of Embelia ribes as an anticestodal drug. U.P. Veterinary Journal, 1976. 4(2): p. 74-77.
141.    Khurana, S.K., T.R. Seshadri, and V. Krishnamoorthy, MASS-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTS FROM EMBELIA-RIBES AND CONNARUS-MONOCARPUS LINN. Current Science, 1972. 41(9): p. 331-+.
142.    Joshi, H.C., Notes on the anthel-mintic effect of Embelia ribes on some nematodes. Orissa Veterinary Journal, 1969. 4(1/4): p. 43-45.
143.    Murty, V.K., T.V.P. Rao, and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .8. SOME CONDENSATION REACTIONS OF RAPANONE WITH VARIOUS ALDEHYDES AND NITROSO COMPOUNDS. Tetrahedron, 1967. 23(2): p. 817-+.
144.    Rao, T.V.P. and V. Venkateswarlu, Chemical examination of Embelia ribes: VII. Synthesis of some new N-bis(anhydrobenzoqui-nonesT. Tetrahedron, 1965. 22((2)): p. 389-390.
145.    Rao, T.V.P. and Venkates.V, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .7. SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW N-BIS(ANHYDROBENZOQUINONES). Tetrahedron, 1965. 21(2): p. 389-&.
146.    Rao, T.V.P. and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .6. SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW METHYLENE-BISBENZOQUINONES. Tetrahedron, 1964. 20(12): p. 2967-&.
147.    Rao, T.V.P. and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .V. SYNTHESIS OF SOME N-BIS(ANHYDROBENZOQUINONES). Tetrahedron, 1964. 20(12): p. 2963-&.
148.    Rao, T.V.P. and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .4. SOME CONDENSATION REACTIONS OF EMBELIN WITH PRIMARY AMINES. Tetrahedron, 1964. 20(4): p. 969-&.
149.    Srivastava, B.N. and M.D. Datey, Embelia ribes as an anthelmintic for ascariasis. Current Med Practice, 1962. 6((2)): p. 73-75.
150.    Rao, C.B. and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .2. ANALOGUES OF VILANGIN AND ANHYDROVILANGIN. Tetrahedron, 1962. 18(MAR): p. 361-&.
151.    Rao, C.B. and V. Venkateswarlu, Estimation of embelin from Embelia vibes Burm. F and E. robusta. Indian Journal of Pharmacy, 1962. 24: p. 262-262.
152.    Rao, B.C. and V. Venkateswarlu, Chemical examination of Embelia ribes. III. A new synthesis of vilangin. Tetrahedron, 1962. 18((8)): p. 951-951.
153.    Bheemasankarara.C and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .3. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF VILANGIN. Tetrahedron, 1962. 18(AUG): p. 951-&.
154.    Narang, G.D., L.C. Garg, and R.K. Mehta, Preliminary studies on antibacterial activity of Embelia ribes Myrsinaceae. Jour Vet and Animal Husbandry Res, 1961. 5((1)): p. 73-77.
155.    Bheemasa.C and V. Venkateswarlu, CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF EMBELIA RIBES .1. ISOLATION OF A NEW CONSTITUENT, VILANGIN, - ITS CONSTITUTION AND SYNTHESIS. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1961. 26(11): p. 4529-&.
156.    Bheemasa.C and V. Venkateswarlu, VILANGIN - A NEW CONSTITUENT OF EMBELIA RIBES AND E ROBUSTA. Current Science, 1961. 30(7): p. 259-&.
157.    Murty, G.K., Clinical trials with Embelia ribes. Current Med Practice, 1960. 4((8)): p. 413-415.
158.    Garg, L.C. and R.K. Mehta, In vitro studies on anthelmintic activity of Butea frondosa and Embelia ribes. Jour Vet and Animal Husbandry Res [India], 1958. 3((1)): p. 28-31.
159.    Hasan, K.H. and E. Stedman, The constitution and synthesis of embelic acid (embelin), the active principle of Embelia Ribes. Journal of the Chemical Society, 1931: p. 2112-2123.
160.    Shah, C., Note on the Use of Babarang (Embelia Ribes) as an Efficient Remedy for Tapeworm. The Indian medical gazette, 1885. 20(8): p. 238-239.
161.    Irving, J., Note on Embelia Ribes as a Remedy for Tape-Worm. The Indian medical gazette, 1869. 4(5): p. 92-92.
162.    Zou, J. and J. Liu, Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for e.g. resisting human papilloma virus includes Atractylodes, felwort, plantain seed, Alisma orientale, Bupleurum, root of embelia ribes, herba violae, acitretin and potassium citrate. Zou J.
163.    Zhang, M., Traditional Chinese medicine for treating precocious puberty, comprises earthworm, Clematis filamentosa, snake tail, withered Embelia ribes, peach flower residue, moxa and bottle gourd peel. Zhang M.
164.    Zang, H., Medicinal composition used for treating cough, comprises duck tongue, apple, radix asparagi, Embelia ribes, shrimp, prickly ash root and radix glycyrrhizae. Zang H.
165.    Zang, H., Traditional Chinese medicinal composition useful for treating cough caused by lung heat, contains Taenitis carnosa, Lindernia antipoda, Embelia ribes, herba gnaphalii hypoleuci, white Chrysanthemum, hop and Dendrobium officinale. Zang H.
166.    Xia, Y., External traditional Chinese medicinal washing agent used for treating infectious wound caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, comprises Euphorbia hirta, Agrimonia pilosa, kapok tree, Embelia ribes, Ophiorrhiza and jujube. Xia Y.
167.    Wu, Y. and C. Wu, Fertilizer synergistic agent used for preventing and treating soil pests, comprises ferric citrate, ammonium molybdate, brown sugar, chinaberry fruit, Camellia, peat, illite, coconut husk, earthworm, fresh pig manure and Embelia ribes. Anhui Xiangrong Agric Forestry & Ecologi.
168.    Wu, F., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for e.g. treating type-2 diabetes and relieving insulin resistance, comprises strawberry, Embelia ribes root, Melastoma normale, pollen, kudzu root, sweet potato vine leaf and guava. Wu F.
169.    Wu, B., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for treating herpes progenitalis, contains herba violae, Begonia fimbristipula, Hypericum japonicum, withered Embelia ribes, dandelion, Oldenlandia diffusa, Gentiana scabra and Asiatic plantain seed. Wu B.
170.    Wu, B., Chinese traditional medicine used for treating defective ejaculation disease, comprises balsam, Gynostemma herb, Embelia ribes, alpine oak leaf extract, Ficus lyrata, Ailanthus, Salvia chinensis, Scirpus and tortuous knotweed root. Ningbo Youmeike New Material Co Ltd.
171.    Wei, J., Traditional Chinese medicine used for treating mumps, comprises Physalis peruviana, Nephrolepis auriculata, dandelion, Embelia ribes, Cyrtomium fortunei, Pteris, Houttuynia, peanut, herba elephantopi and licorice. Wei J.
172.    Sun, X., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for treating Cushing's syndrome, comprises herba violae, Begonia fimbristipula, Hypericum japonicum, Embelia ribes, Urena procumbens, Blumea balsamifera, Stellaria dichotoma and Indian gooseberry. Sun X.
173.    Sreerama, M.D.V. and V.S. Dwibhashyam, Novel herbal formulation for treating piles comprises leaves of Balsamodendron mukul, which are been used in treatment of diseases like diarrhea, flatulence and for cleaning ulcers and sores, also leaves of Embelia ribes used as carminative. Venkateswara Ayurveda Nilayam Private Ltd; Venkateswara Ayurveda Nilayam Private.
174.    Sreerama, M.D.V., Antistress herbal formulation comprises Withania somnifera, Myristica fragrans, Piper longum, Zingiber officinalis, Piper nigrum, Alpina carmomum, Piper chaba, Embelia ribes, Aplotaxis auriculata, Myristica caryophyllus and Bamboomanna. Venkateswara Ayurveda Nilayam Private Ltd.
175.    Shi, Y., Medicinal granule used for clearing heat and quenching thirst, comprises phoenix-tail mushroom, Dicliptera chinensis, bitter gourd, Astragalus, loquat leaf, phragmites, Embelia ribes, medlar, Centella asiatica, reed root and Evodia lepta. Harbin Haotuo Biotechnology Dev Co Ltd.
176.    Ning, Y., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for e.g. treating insomnia, contains selfheal, Gentianopsis paludosa, Chinese Angelica, Butea seed, pumpkin flower, Embelia ribes, radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Codonopsis pilosula and longan pulp. Ning Y.
177.    Narasimhan, S., K.C. Suresh, and R. Mohankumar, New method of isolation of embelin from Embelia ribes as transition metal complex. Narasimhan S.
178.    Maiti, K. and S. Mallick, Herbal formulation useful for treating worm infestation, contains synergistic combination of Embelia ribes, Butea monosperma, Andrographis paniculata, Swertia chirata, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Melia azadirach and Centella asiatica. Namsole Palli Mangal Lcpag Kendra.
179.    Liu, Y., Traditional Chinese medicine used for treating cutaneous tuberculosis, comprises Embelia ribes, dandelion, Anemone hupehensis, Oldenlandia diffusa, Cardamine impatiens, knotweed and mulberry flower. Liu Y.
180.    Liu, C., Topical medicine useful for e.g. treating bruises, contains Saliva, Embelia ribes, Solanum virginianum, Centipeda minima, Murraya, Plumbago, basil, Scabiosa lacerifolia, Sambucus chinensis, radix linderae and Korean grass. Liu C.
181.    Liang, R., Traditional Chinese medicine used for treating liver cirrhosis, comprises leech, Curcuma zedoaria, Pu'er raw tea, Morinda officinalis, pig lung extract, kelp, withered Embelia ribes and fried hedgehog skin. Univ Dalian Medical No 2 Hospital.
182.    Li, W., Traditional Chinese medicine useful for treating paddy field dermatitis, comprises balsam, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Embelia ribes, dandelion, Anemone hupehensis, Hedyotis diffusa and Gentiana scabra. Li W.
183.    Li, H., Medicine used for treating pityriasis rosea comprises herba violae, red back sky, Hypericum japonicum, withered Embelia ribes, dandelion, Anemone hupehensis, Oldenlandia diffusa, crushed rice crack chestnut, and knotweed. Li H.
184.    Jiumeipengcuo, Tibetan medicine used for treating echinococcosis, cysticercus and measles, and removing hookworm, roundworm, whipworm and threadworm infection, comprises Embelia ribes, Butea monosperma and henbane. Jiumeipengcuo.
185.    Hata, Y., N. Kishida, and T. Tsutsumi, Novel testosterone alpha-reductase inhibitor for use in hair restoration and skin cosmetics, consists of plant extract of Plumbago zeylanicum, Cyperus rotundus, Ricinus communis and/or Embelia ribes. Maruzen Seiyaku Kk.
186.    Han, J. and Y. Bian, Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for hemorrhoids postoperative care includes grass roots, withered Embelia ribes, green leaf, cat grass, Monochasma savatieri, Cudrania, clove, Sesbania, rhizome japonicum and turtledove wood. Han J.
187.    Choudhary, G.P., Herbal composition useful for treating constipation, contains Cassia angustifolia, Ptychotis ajowan, Embelia ribes, black salt, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Foeniculum vulgare and Zingiber officinale. Choudhary G P.
188.    Chen, S., et al., Fertilizer synergist comprises potassium humate, talc, bran, magnesium sulfate, borax, brown sugar, humus, chitosan, earthworm, fresh pig manure, black liquor, Embelia ribes, Effective microorganisms and water. Maanshan Shengnong Grain Ind Productivit.
189.    Chen, S., et al., Fertilizer synergist comprises bamboo leaves, bamboo roots, bagasse, guar gum, peat, montmorillonite, ash, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earthworm, fresh pig manure, black liquor and Embelia ribes leaves. Maanshan Shengnong Grain Ind Productivit.
190.    Ban, D., et al., Tibetan medicinal composition useful for preventing and treating hemorrhagic sepsis caused by Pasteurella multocida, prepared using Hyoscyamus, Oxytropis chiliophylla, Acorus calamus, borax, Embelia ribes, turmeric and melon seeds. Caas Lanzhou Husbandry & Pharm Sci Inst.
191.    Babu, U.V., et al., Composition, used to prevent dental diseases e.g. plaque, comprises extracts of Punica granatum, Acacia arabica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, Emblica oficinalis and Embelia ribes, and naturally derived excipients e.g. xylitol. Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd.
192.    Arya, B.K., Organic farming composition used for treating seeds or spraying on crops, e.g. cotton, includes bioactive herbal extract from Andrographis paniculata, Acorus calamus, Embelia ribes, Egyptian black cumin, Ocimum sanctum and/or Bengal quince. Baburao K A.
193.    Aghera, R.R., R.H. Gokani, and M.A. Rachchh, Composition for treating e.g. obesity comprises powder/extract of fruits of Emblica officinalis, Embelia ribes, Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, rhizomes of Zingiber officinalis and cow urine distillate. Gokani R H.

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coronaria Anemone rivularis Anemone tetrasepala Annona muricata Anthocephalus cadamba Anthurium andraeanum Apium leptophyllum Apluda mutica Arabidopsis thaliana Arachis hypogaea Argemone mexicana Arisaema tortuosum Aristolochia littoralis Artabotrys hexapetalus Artemisia japonica Artemisia nilagirica Artocarpus heterophyllus Arundinella setosa Arundo donax Aspidopterys wallichii Aster albescens Astragalus leucocephalus Asystasia gangetica Avena sativa Averrhoa carambola Azadirachta indica Bacopa monnieri Bambusa Bambos Bambusa multiplex Bambusa vulgaris Barleria cristata Barleria prionitis Basilicum polystachyon Bauhinia purpurea Bauhinia racemosa Bauhinia scandens Bauhinia vahlii Bauhinia variegata Benincasa hispida Bidens pilosa Biophytum sensitivum Bixa orellana Blepharis integrifolia Blepharis maderaspatensis Blumea lacera Boerhavia diffusa Bombax ceiba Borassus flabellifer Boswellia ovalifoliolata Boswellia serrata Brassica rapa Buchnera hispida Butea monosperma Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpinia pulcherrima Cajanus cajan Cajanus scarabaeoides Caladium bicolor Caleana major Calendula officinalis Calophyllum brasiliense Calophyllum inophyllum Calotropis gigantea Calotropis procera Camellia sinensis Campanula latifolia Cananga odorata Canscora diffusa Capparis sepiaria Capparis zeylanica Capsella bursa-pastoris Cardamine hirsuta Cardiocrinum giganteum Cardiospermum halicacabum Carduus edelbergii Carrichtera annua Carthamus oxyacantha Carthamus tinctorius Carum carvi Cassia angustifolia Cassia auriculata Cassia fistula Cassia occidentalis Catesbaea spinosa Catharanthus roseus Cayratia trifolia Cedrela toona Ceiba insignis Ceiba pentandra Celastrus paniculatus Celosia argentea Centaurium erythraea Centella asiatica Cestrum diurnum Chaerophyllum reflexum Chamaesyce hypericifolia Chenopodium album Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium murale Chrozophora rottleri Cicer arietinum Cichorium glandulosum Cichorium pumilum Cinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum tamala Cinnamomum verum Circaea alpina Cissampelos pareira Cissus quadrangularis Citrullus lanatus Cleistanthus patulus Clematis gouriana Clematis montana Cleome gynandra Clerodendrum chinense Clerodendrum indicum Clerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum laevifolium Clerodendrum philippinum Clerodendrum phlomidis Clerodendrum serratum Clerodendrum splendens Clerodendrum wallichii Coccinia grandis Cocculus hirsutus Cocculus laurifolius Cochlospermum religiosum Coix lacryma-jobi Colebrookea oppositifolia Coleus aromaticus Colocasia esculenta Combretum indicum Commelina benghalensis Commelina maculata Commelina paludosa Commiphora caudata Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii Conocarpus lancifolius Consolida ajacis Convolvulus pluricaulis Cordyline fruticosa Corydalis cornuta Cosmos sulphureus Costus speciosus Cotinus coggygria Couroupita guianensis Crinum asiaticum Crocus sativus Crossandra infundibuliformis Crotalaria alata Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria prostrata Croton klotzschianus Croton scabiosus Croton tiglium Cryptolepis buchananii Cryptolepis dubia Cryptostegia grandiflora Cucumis sativus Cuminum cyminum Cupressus torulosa Curculigo orchioides Curcuma amada Curcuma longa Cuscuta reflexa Cyananthus lobatus Cyanthillium cinereum Cycas revoluta Cyclanthera pedata Cymbopogon nardus Cynodon dactylon Cyperus laevigatus Cyperus malaccensis Cyperus rotundus Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dalbergia latifolia Datisca cannabina Datura metel Datura stramonium Daucus carota Delphinium ajacis Delphinium denudatum Delphinium elatum Dendrobium densiflorum Dendrobium ovatum Derris scandens Derris trifoliata Desmodium concinnum Desmodium gangeticum Desmodium heterocarpon Desmodium multiflorum Desmodium triflorum Dichrocephala integrifolia Dicliptera paniculata Didymocarpus pedicellatus Dillenia indica Dimorphocalyx glabellus Dimorphoteca ecklonis Dioscorea alata Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscorea polygonoides Diospyros kaki Diospyros malabarica Dipteracanthus patulus Dipteracanthus prostratus Dolichandrone spathacea Dolichos biflorus Dregea volubilis Drimia indica Drosera peltata Duranta erecta Dysoxylum binectariferum Dysoxylum gotadhora Dysphania ambrosioides Echinocereus pentalophus Echinops niveus Echium plantagineum Edgeworthia gardneri Eichhornia crassipes Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeocarpus ganitrus Elephantopus scaber Eleutheranthera ruderalis Elsholtzia fruticosa Elytraria acaulis Embelia ribes Emblica officinalis Enterolobium cyclocarpum Ephedra foliata Ephedra gerardiana Epipactis helleborine Eranthemum pulchellum Eryngium foetidum Erysimum hieraciifolium Erythrina suberosa Erythrina variegata Euonymus echinatus Euonymus japonicus Eupatorium capillifolium Eupatorium perfoliatum Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia cornigera Euphorbia cotinifolia Euphorbia granulata Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hypericifolia Euphorbia milii Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbia peplus Euphorbia tirucalli Fagonia cretica Fagopyrum acutatum Ferula foetida Ficus elastica Ficus religiosa Filicium decipiens Filipendula vestita Flacourtia indica Flemingia procumbens Flemingia semialata Foeniculum vulgare Free Access Journal Fumaria indica Fumaria parviflora Furcraea foetida Galega officinalis General Gentiana kurroo Geranium lucidum Geranium nepalense Geranium pratense Geranium wallichianum Ghee Globba schomburgkii Glochidion hohenackeri Gloriosa superba Glycyrrhiza glabra Gmelina arborea Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena serrata Goodyera repens Grewia asiatica Grewia optiva Grewia serrulata Grewia tenax Gymnema sylvestre Habenaria edgeworthii Habenaria plantaginea Handroanthus impetiginosus Hedychium spicatum Helianthus annuus Helicteres isora Helinus lanceolatus Heliotropium indicum Hemidesmus indicus Hemigraphis alternata Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis hirta Heracleum sphondylium Herpetospermum pedunculosum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscus esculentus Hibiscus hirtus Hibiscus lobatus Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus vitifolius Hippophae rhamnoides Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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