Centaurium erythraea, centaury, Marktusindgylden, rohtosappi, Echt duizendguldenkruid, ასისთავა, Аууондархуыз, Золототысячник обыкновенный

Centaurium erythraea Rafn
Family:Gentianaceae

Synonyms: Centaurella dichotoma Delarbre, Centaurium capitatum (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Borbás, Centaurium centaurium (L.) W.Wight ex Piper Centaurium corymbosum (Dulac) Druce, Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) Kožuharov & Petrova, Centaurium erythraea subsp. austriacum Ronniger, Centaurium erythraea var. capitatum (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Melderis, Centaurium erythraea var. fasciculare (Duby) Ubsdell, Centaurium erythraea var. laxum (Boiss.) Mouterde ex Charpin & Greuter, Centaurium erythraea var. masclansii O.Bolòs & Vigo, Centaurium erythraea var. subcapitatum (Corb.) Ubsdell, Centaurium erythraea var. sublitorale (Wheldon & Salmon) Ubsdell, Centaurium latifolium (Sm.) Druce, Centaurium lomae (Gilg) Druce, Centaurium minus Garsault Centaurium minus Moench, Centaurium minus var. austriacum (Ronniger ex Fritsch) Soó, Centaurium minus subsp. austriacum (Ronniger) O. Schwarz, Centaurium minus var. transiens (Wittr.) Soó, Centaurium umbellatum Gilib. Centaurium umbellatum f. album Sigunov, Centaurium umbellatum subsp. austriacum Ronniger ex Fritsch, Centaurium umbellatum subsp. austriacum Ronniger, Chironia centaurium (L.) F.W.Schmidt, Chironia centaurium var. fascicularis Duby, Erythraea capitata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Erythraea centaurium (L.) Pers., Erythraea centaurium (L.) Borkh., Erythraea centaurium var. acutiflora Boiss., Erythraea centaurium var. grandiflora Griseb., Erythraea centaurium f. itatiaiaensis Dusén, Erythraea centaurium var. laxa Boiss., Erythraea centaurium var. subcapitata Corb., Erythraea centaurium var. sublitoralis Wheldon & Salmon, Erythraea centaurium var. transiens Wittr., Erythraea corymbosa Dulac, Erythraea germanica Hoffmanns. & Link, Erythraea latifolia Sm., Erythraea lomae Gilg, Erythraea rhodensis Boiss. & Reut., Erythraea shuttleworthiana Rouy, Erythraea vulgaris Gray, Gentiana centaurium L., Gentiana gerardii F.W.Schmidt, Gentiana palustris Lam., Gonipia linearis Raf., Hippocentaurea centaurium Schult., Libadion variabile Bubani.

• Common name: Common centaury
• Azerbaijani: Kiçik qızılçətir
• Balgarian: Червен кантарион
• Bashkir: Һарыгүҙ
• Chinese: 日本鬼燈檠
• Croatian:Štitasta kičica
• Czech: Zeměžluč okolíkatá
• Danish: Marktusindgylden
• Finnish: rohtosappi
• French: Erythrée
• Georgian: ასისთავა
• German: Echt duizendguldenkruid
• Hungarian: Kis ezerjófű
• Kazakh: Шатырша толғақшөп
• Latin: Herba Centaurii Minoris
• Latvian: Čemuru augstiņš
• Lithuanian: Skėtinė širdažolė
• Ossetic: Аууондархуыз
• Persian: قنطوریون صغیر
• Portuguese: Fel-da-terra
• Romanian: fierea pămîntului
• Romanian: Țintaură
• Russian: Золототысячник обыкновенный
• Samogitian: Šėrdažuolė
• Serbian: Кичица
• Sloenian: Navadna tavžentroža
• Slovak: Zemežlč menšia
• Swedish: tusengyllenört

Description: This is an erect biennial herb which reaches half a meter in height. It grows from a small basal rosette and bolts a leafy, erect stem which may branch. The triangular leaves are arranged oppositely on the stem and the erect inflorescences emerge from the stem and grow parallel to it, sometimes tangling with the foliage. Each inflorescence may contain many flowers. The petite flower is pinkish-lavender and about a centimeter across, flat-faced with yellow anthers. The fruit is a cylindrical capsule.

Cholagogue,  diaphoretic,  digestive,  emetic,  febrifuge,  stomachic, tonic, bitter; applied to wounds and sores. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

In  dyspepsia.  Also  jaundice,  together  with  Bayberry  bark.  Three  or  four wineglass doses daily of the 1 ounce to 1 pint infusion. [Herbal Manual]

Centaury is reputed to act as a bitter, aromatic and stomachic. Traditionally, it has been used for anorexia and dyspepsia.[Herbal Medicines 3rd Ed.]

Centaury is used for disorders of the upper digestive tract, mainly dyspepsia. It is also used in anorexia and has reported anti-inflammatory activity. It should not be taken by patients with peptic ulceration. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions]

Centaury may  be used whenever  a  digestive and  gastric  stimulant  is  needed.  It  is  indicated  primarily for appetite loss (anorexia) associated  with liver  weakness. Centaury is helpful in  dyspepsia  and  any  other  condition involving sluggish  digestion. [Medical Hrebalism - The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine]

105 Published articles of Centaurium erythraea

Willow-leaved Justicia, Justicia gendarussa, Nili Nirgundi, Karu nochchi, Yapana marron, Jagatmadan

Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.
Family: Acanthaceae

Synonyms: Dianthera subserrata Blanco, Dicliptera rheedei Kostel., Ecbolium gendarussa (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Ecbolium subserratum Kuntze, Gendarussa vulgaris Nees, Justicia dahona Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.

• English: willow-leaved justicia
• Assamese: tita-bahak, Bishalya Karani
• Asturian: Xusticia gendarussa
• Bengali: বাকস bakas, বাসা basa, Jagatmadan
• Chinese: 尖尾风
• French: Yapana marron
• Hindi: अडूसा adusa, बाकस bakas, बासा basa, नीली निर्गुण्ठी nili nirgunthi, वाशा vasha, Kala Bashimb
• Kannada: ಕರಿ ಲಕ್ಕಿ kari lakki, Karinekki, Karalakkigidde
• Malayalam: കറു നൊച്ചി karu nochchi, Vathamkolli
• Marathi: बाकस bakas, काळा अडुळसा kala adulasa
• Oriya: nila nirgundi
• Sanskrit: कसनः kasanah, वैध्यसिंहा vaidyasinha
• Sudanese: Handarusa
• Tamil: சேபாலிகை cepalikai, கருநொச்சி karu-nocci, காவி kavi, கோபி kopi, வாடாக்கொடி vata-k-koti, வாடைக்குற்றி vataikkurri
• Telugu: గంధరసము gandharasamu, నల్లవావిలి nallavaavili, నీలనిర్గుండి niilanirgundi
• Urdu: اڙوسا adusa, باکس bakas, باسا basa
• Vietnamese: Thanh táo

Description: Shrubs, branches dark purple, terete, smooth. Leaves 7-10 x 2 cm, linear or oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, base acute, chartaceous, glabrous, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs, bluish; petiole 2-3 mm long. Spikes terminal, to 8 cm long, narrow; bracts linear, 4 mm long. Flowers white; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 5 mm long; corolla white with purple streaks, 1.5 cm long; ovary and style puberulus. Capsule 12 mm long, glabrous.

A potent anti-HIV compound more powerful than the drug AZT according to Journal of Natural Product article.

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Whole plant hypotensive, emetic, febrifuge; plant paste in coconut oil applied against rheumatic pain. Dried seed powder mixed with fruit decoction and used as insect repellent. Roots used for diuresis, diarrhea and as antidote; bark antipyretic, emetic, anti-cough, diuretic and anti-amebic, in the treatment of wounds and allergy; root extract mixed with water and taken as antidote, anti-venom. Leaves taken internally against cough, body pain, fever and as a cardio tonic, and used externally to treat inflammation, wounds and allergy; a poultice of leaves applied on inflammation; leaves infusion given in headache, hemiplegia and facial paralysis; leaf juice applied to check bleeding, also poured into ears for earache; leaves decoction a remedy for bloody diarrhea and fevers; leaves used in preparations to treat gonorrhea, amenorrhea and malaria, headache, rheumatism and pain; leaves and shoots diaphoretic, a decoction given in chronic rheumatism. Veterinary medicine, pounded leaves applied on bone fracture. Ritual, ceremonial, whole plant, with Ocimum sp. and Euphorbia neriifolia L., used for worship; leafy twigs used in the worship; leaves of Justicia gendarussa soaked with water and leaves of Dendrocnide stimulans, the water used in a ceremony for good hunting and harvest. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Febrifuge, diaphoretic, emetic, emmenagogue. Infusion of leaves—given internally in cephalalgia, hemiplegia and facial paralysis. Fresh leaves—used topically in oedema and rheumatism. Bark—
emetic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

In Indonesia, Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. is used to induce vomiting. In Malaysia, a decoction of 50 g of roots is used to treat rheumatic arthritis; boiled with ginger rhizome and lime, it is used to alleviate bleeding cough. A decoction of the leaves is used to combat fever, promote menses, assuage stomach discomfort, check haemoptysis, alleviate cough, treat asthma, and to relieve the bowels of costiveness. The fresh leaves are pounded and used externally to treat pyoderma, lumbago and rheumatism. A paste of leaves mixed with vinegar is used to assuage toothache. Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. is also used during the hot stages of malaria to combat fever and to treat leucorrhea. InVietnam, the plant is used to resolve tumors, promote appetite, and to invigorate health. In India, the plant is used to treat bronchitis, soothe inflammation, and to promote digestion. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]

Treats rheumatism and fever, antipyretic, effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis, antiinflammatory, antihypersensitivity, and antihistaminic effects. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

97 published articles of  Justicia gendarussa

Clerodendrum wallichii, Clerodendrum laevifolium, Nodding Clerodendron, Wallich's glorybower

 

Clerodendrum laevifolium Blume
Family: Lamiaceae

Synonyms: Clerodendrum nutans Wall. ex D.Don, Clerodendrum ellipticum Zipp. ex Span., Clerodendrum wallichii Merr.,
English: Nodding Clerodendron, Wallich's glorybower
Chinese: 垂茉莉
French: Clérodendron de Wallich

Description: Shrubs or small trees, 2-4 m tall, erect. Branchlets 4-angled, ± winged, glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 11-18 X 2.5-4 cm, subleathery, glabrous, base narrowly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; veins 7 or 8 pairs, adaxially slightly distinct. Inflorescences pendent thyrses, 20-33 cm, glabrous, axis and peduncle 4-angled or winged; bracts small, linear to awl-shaped. Calyx red to purple, ca. 1 cm, tube very short; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 7-8 mm. Corolla white, tube ca. 1.1 cm; lobes ovate, 1.1-1.5 cm. Stamens and style exserted. Fruiting calyx red to purple, inflated, thickened. Drupes yellow-green when young, black and shiny at maturity,

A  paste  of  roots  of  Claoxylon  khasianum  together  with Ardisia  paniculata,  Clerodendrum  wallichii,  Mussaenda macrophylla and Trevesia palmata applied for the treatment of abdominal troubles and tumour. This plant considered a symbol of peace. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

4 Published articles of  Clerodendrum wallichii