Meriandra strobilifera Benth.
Family: Lamiaceae
An erect strongly-scented tomentose shrub, 2-5ft. Branches obscurely angled. Leaves coriaceous, thick, shortly stalked, oblong or lanceolate. 2-4 by f-ljin., crenate, base prolonged downwards in 2 pointed lobes ; upper surface pubescent, closely w r rinkled ; lower white tomentose. Flowers small white in large whorls crowded in erect tomentose, 4-sided, often paniculate spikes; spikes with woody bracts in fruit (Kanjilal) ; floral leaves small, bract-like sessile ovate, overlapping. Calyx tubular-ovoid, 2-lipped ; upper lip concave, entire, lower 2-toothed. Corolla-tube as long as the Calyx. Stamens 2, anthers protruding (Collett). Nutlets obovoid, smooth brown. [Indian Medicinal Plants, Part-II (1918)]
Friday, May 15, 2015
Thursday, May 7, 2015
Cardamine hirsuta, Hairy Bitter Cress, ミチタネツケバナ
Cardamine hirsuta L.
Family: Brassicaceae
Synonyms: Arabis heterophylla G.Forst. ex DC., Cardamine africana subsp. borbonica (Bojer) O.E. Schulz, Cardamine angulata Regel, Cardamine borbonica Bojer, Cardamine fagetina Schur, Cardamine humilis Kit., Cardamine micrantha Spenn., Cardamine multicaulis Hoppe ex Schur, Cardamine parviflora Suter, Cardamine praecox Pall. ex Ledeb., Cardamine scutata var. formosana (Hayata) T.S.Liu & S.S.Ying, Cardamine scutata var. rotundiloba (Hayata) T.S.Liu & S.S.Ying, Cardamine simensis Hochst. ex Oliv., Cardamine tenella E.D.Clarke, Cardamine tetrandra Hegetschw., Cardamine umbrosa Andrz. ex DC., Cardamine virginica Michx., Crucifera cardamine E.H.L.Krause, Ghinia hirsuta (L.) Bubani, Ghinia sylvatica Bubani
Common name: Hairy Bitter Cress, Lamb's Cress, Land Cress, Hoary Bitter Cress
Arabic: حرف زغبي
Azerbaijani: Kələkötür ürəkotu
Chinese: 碎米荠
Dutch: Kleine veldkers
Estonian: Kare jürilill
Finnish: Mäkilitukka
French: Cardamine hérissée, Cresson de muraille
German: Behaartes Schaumkraut
Italian: Billeri primaticcio
Japanese: ミチタネツケバナ
Manipuri: উচী হংগাম Uchi hangam
Polish: Rzeżucha włochata
Swedish: Bergbräsma
Welsh: Berwr chwerw blewog
Description: Annual herb, 10-30 cm tall, erect, often with a basal rosette of leaves only and a slender tap root. Basal leaves 2-7-jugate, 2-10 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, glabrous or hairy with simple hairs; leaflets ovate-orbicular, except the terminal one which is slightly larger and subreniform, shortly stalked, subsessile to sessile, very variable in size, subentire to irregularly few lobulate and toothed, usually 6-10 mm in diam. Racemes 10-30-flowered, up to 10 cm long in fruit. Sepals 2-2.5 mm long. Petals c. 3 mm long, usually not or hardly exceeding the sepals (very rarely suppressed). Stamens 6, rarely 4 (the outer 2 abortive ), c. 2: 2.5 mm long. Siliquae linear, compressed, 15-25 mm long, 1 mm broad, straight, glabrous ; valves smooth with a faint mid-vein; style almost absent to 0.5 mm long with a capitate stigma; septum not veined; seeds many, c. 1 mm long.
Uses: In Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, Cardamine hirsuta L. is used to stop dysentery and to treat eye trouble. Note that the leaves are eaten in salads. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Monday, May 4, 2015
Datura stramonium, thorn apple, Ummetta, Στραμώνιο
Datura stramonium L.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Datura bernhardii Lundstr., Datura bertolonii Parl. ex Guss., Datura cabanesii P.Fourn., Datura capensis Bernh., Datura ferocissima Cabanès & P.Fourn., Datura ferox Nees, Datura hybrida Ten., Datura inermis Juss. ex Jacq., Datura laevis L.f., Datura loricata Sieber ex Bernh., Datura lurida Salisb., Datura microcarpa Godr., Datura muricata Godr., Datura parviflora Salisb., Datura praecox Godr., Datura pseudostramonium Sieber ex Bernh., Datura stramonium var. canescens Roxb., Datura stramonium var. chalybaea W.D.J.Koch, Datura stramonium f. godronii (Danert) Geerinck & Walravens, Datura stramonium var. gordonii Danert, Datura stramonium f. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Hupke, Datura stramonium var. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Fernald, Datura stramonium var. stramonium, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Decne., Datura stramonium f. tatula (L.) B.Boivin, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr., Datura tatula L., Datura wallichii Dunal, Stramonium foetidum Scop., Stramonium laeve Moench, Stramonium spinosum Lam., Stramonium tatula Moench, Stramonium vulgare Moench, Stramonium vulgatum Gaertn.
Common name: Jimson weed, thorn apple, Jamestown-weed, Devil's apple
Arabic: سم الفار(سِم الفار)، نفير (نِفير) , داتوره، تاتوره
Bulgarian: Татул
Chinese: 醉心花
Finnish: Okahulluruoho
French: Stramoine, Herbe à la taupe, Stramoine commune
German: Stechapfel
Greek: Στραμώνιο
Italian: Stramonio comune
Kannada: ಉಮ್ಮತ್ತಿ
Latin: Folia Stramonii
Malayalam: Ummam, ഉമ്മം
Polish: Bieluń dziędzierzawa
Romanian: ciumafaie
Russian: durman obyknovennyj, дурман обыкновенный
Spanish: estramonio
Swedish: spikklubba
Tamil: ஊமத்தம் Umattam
Telugu: Ummetta ఉమ్మెత్త
Thai: ลำโพงม่วง
Vietnamese: Cà độc dược lùn
253 Published articles of Datura stramonium
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Datura bernhardii Lundstr., Datura bertolonii Parl. ex Guss., Datura cabanesii P.Fourn., Datura capensis Bernh., Datura ferocissima Cabanès & P.Fourn., Datura ferox Nees, Datura hybrida Ten., Datura inermis Juss. ex Jacq., Datura laevis L.f., Datura loricata Sieber ex Bernh., Datura lurida Salisb., Datura microcarpa Godr., Datura muricata Godr., Datura parviflora Salisb., Datura praecox Godr., Datura pseudostramonium Sieber ex Bernh., Datura stramonium var. canescens Roxb., Datura stramonium var. chalybaea W.D.J.Koch, Datura stramonium f. godronii (Danert) Geerinck & Walravens, Datura stramonium var. gordonii Danert, Datura stramonium f. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Hupke, Datura stramonium var. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Fernald, Datura stramonium var. stramonium, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Decne., Datura stramonium f. tatula (L.) B.Boivin, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr., Datura tatula L., Datura wallichii Dunal, Stramonium foetidum Scop., Stramonium laeve Moench, Stramonium spinosum Lam., Stramonium tatula Moench, Stramonium vulgare Moench, Stramonium vulgatum Gaertn.
Common name: Jimson weed, thorn apple, Jamestown-weed, Devil's apple
Arabic: سم الفار(سِم الفار)، نفير (نِفير) , داتوره، تاتوره
Bulgarian: Татул
Chinese: 醉心花
Finnish: Okahulluruoho
French: Stramoine, Herbe à la taupe, Stramoine commune
German: Stechapfel
Greek: Στραμώνιο
Italian: Stramonio comune
Kannada: ಉಮ್ಮತ್ತಿ
Latin: Folia Stramonii
Malayalam: Ummam, ഉമ്മം
Polish: Bieluń dziędzierzawa
Romanian: ciumafaie
Russian: durman obyknovennyj, дурман обыкновенный
Spanish: estramonio
Swedish: spikklubba
Tamil: ஊமத்தம் Umattam
Telugu: Ummetta ఉమ్మెత్త
Thai: ลำโพงม่วง
Vietnamese: Cà độc dược lùn
Datura stramonium differs in having smaller flowers and tooth-edged leaves, and Datura wrightii in having wider, 5-toothed (instead of 10-toothed) flowers. Datura inoxia differs from D. stramonium, D. metel & D.fastuosa in having about 7 to 10 secondary veins on either side of the midrib of the leaf which anastomose by arches at about 1 to 3 mm. from the margin. No anastomosis of the secondary veins are seen in the other 4 major species of Datura.
Description: Plant 60-120 cm or more tall, branched, pubescent; the branches often purplish. Leaves 8-17 x 4-13 cm, ovate or broadly so, sinuately dentate, minutely puberulose, cuneate. Petiole 2-5 cm long. Calyx 3.5-5.5 cm long, tubular, 5-dentate, puberulous, persistent. Lobes 6-9 mm long, strongly reflexed in fruit, apiculate. Corolla 7-10 cm long, white or purplish suffused; limb up to 8 cm broad. shallowy 5-lobed, with the lobes, ± triangular-acuminate. Anthers ± 5 mm long, with the lobes narrow oblong, usually white. Capsule erect, 3-4 cm long, ovoid, spiny and densely pubescent, splitting by 4 valves; spines up to 5 mm long. Seeds 3 mm long, reniform, reticulate-foveolate, black.
Folk practitioners used the plant for worms. Folk practitioners use the leaves of the plant as a treatment not only for asthma, but also for convulsive cough, pertussis, and other respiratory
problems. The flowers are fragrant but poisonous. It has been smoked as a traditional treatment for asthma in Southern Appalachia. Datura stramonium is now considered a dangerous poisonous plant and should not be taken internally. The PDR for Herbal Medicines does not recommend use
of the plant, due to its toxicity. [African American Slave Medicine : Herbal and Non-herbal Treatments]
Both herb and seed of this plant are used in asthma, especially in the spas medically recurring forms of this disease, in difficulty of respiration, and in chest and lung complaints generally; owing, however, to its possessing strong narcotic property, amounting, indeed, to that of a poison, it is unsafe for employment internally, but all the benefit produced by its employment in the infusion may be derived from it by inhaling the, smoke from the burnt herb; this is done by means of the ordinary tobacco pipe, and is a perfectly safe method of employment; in this way it is used in all chest affections, chronic coughs, excessive expectoration, and to promote expectoration when difficulty is experienced by the hardness of the sputa, in expelling it, and in difficulty of breathing, in all these symptoms very great relief is afforded by its exhibition. Inhalation being in a very numerous class of cases the only means by which the more distressing symptoms of many pulmonary complaints can be met with anything like effectiveness, we have offered, by the means suggested here, one of the most useful agents in procuring the results desired, relief being frequently obtained by means of this process, when by no other has it been possible to secure it. It has been similarly employed in dyspepsia, but, as would appear, with no permanently good result, its action being almost exclusively upon the lungs and respiratory apparatus. An ointment prepared from stramonium has received considerable attention for piles, fistula, abscesses, and suppurating old sores, in which it is employed with great benefit; success has also been said to have followed its employment for pains in the joints and in rheumatic affections, to which cases it is applied with friction For sores requiring a cleansing, and at the same time emollient, application, it is of extreme value. As an external application, stramonium appears to be less used at the present time than formerly. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. High toxicity, whole plant toxic, leaves and seeds are the usual sources of poisoning in humans and other animals; all animals, including pets and poultry, may be affected; even the nectar of this plant contains alkaloids that contaminate honey. Hallucinogenic, narcotic, anesthetic, intoxicating, used for sedating and relieving muscular spasm. Flower juice used in headache. Leaves for asthma, cough, antimicrobial, leaf for skin dis- eases, boils, wounds and sores; leaves heated and tied on the breasts by women for drying out the milk; crushed leaves kept in bed to kill bed-bugs; dry leaves smoked for asthma and sinus infections; chewed to relieve toothache and sore gum; leaves juice applied on forehead in headache. Crushed seeds in mustard oil applied for rheumatism; seeds are fried and the smoke inhaled through the mouth to relieve toothache. Fruits sedative; fruits juice applied to scalp for dandruff and falling hairs [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors, express juice for earache. Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors , express juice for earache. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ]
Spasmolytic, antiasthmatic, anticholinergic, cerebral depressant, nerve-sedative. Controls spasms of bronchioles in asthma. Anticholinergic. Effects of overdose are similar to those of atropine. Temporary relief from Parkinsonian tremor recorded. (Contraindicated with depressant drugs.) Applied locally, stramonium palliates the pain of muscular rheumatism, neuralgia, also pain due to haemorrhoids, fistula, abscesses and similar inflammations. Prevents motion sickness. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
In Burma, the seeds are used to induce narcosis. In China, the flowers are used to assuage pains, treat asthma, bechic, skin troubles, swollen feet, prolapse of the rectum and nervous disorders. The leaves are smoked to treat asthma and to assuage pains. In the Philippines, the plant is used for criminal purposes. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
This species has been widely used since ancient times. Avicenna said that this plant makes you drunk, is too dangerous for the brain, and is the enemy of the heart. Beruni wrote that half a gram of the seeds can make you drunk and 4.2 g can kill you. A decoction of the seeds is used as a gargle for people with tooth- and headaches, as a painkiller and sedative, and to treat fevers, neuralgia, rheumatism, and radiculitis. Oil from the seeds is used to treat hemorrhoids and the leaves are laid over the eyes to treat eye aches. [The Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]
This well-known drug plant is used to some extent in Jamaica for asthma and sinus infections. It palliates the distressing paroxysms of pure spasmodic asthma when smoked. The leaves are rubbed up and applied externally to swellings, burns and ulcers. Similar uses are made of the plant in South Africa. The leaves are also used for headaches, haemorrhoids and running sores. Browne reports that in his day the plant was seldom used internally as its use was accompanied by 'dreadful perturbations of the mind', though it was tben used for scalds and sores. The leaves have a total alkaloid content of 0.2 to 0.6 per cent, the content increasing with the age and size of the leaves. The principle alkaloid is hyoscyamine with smaller quantities of atropine and hyoscine. [ Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
Leaf: Applied with coconut oil on bruises; leaf used for a pain-killer (anodyne) in Surinam. Fruit: Crushed green fruit used to treat pustules of anthracoid erysipelas in French Guiana. Flower: Juice used to treat earache in Surinam. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]
problems. The flowers are fragrant but poisonous. It has been smoked as a traditional treatment for asthma in Southern Appalachia. Datura stramonium is now considered a dangerous poisonous plant and should not be taken internally. The PDR for Herbal Medicines does not recommend use
of the plant, due to its toxicity. [African American Slave Medicine : Herbal and Non-herbal Treatments]
Both herb and seed of this plant are used in asthma, especially in the spas medically recurring forms of this disease, in difficulty of respiration, and in chest and lung complaints generally; owing, however, to its possessing strong narcotic property, amounting, indeed, to that of a poison, it is unsafe for employment internally, but all the benefit produced by its employment in the infusion may be derived from it by inhaling the, smoke from the burnt herb; this is done by means of the ordinary tobacco pipe, and is a perfectly safe method of employment; in this way it is used in all chest affections, chronic coughs, excessive expectoration, and to promote expectoration when difficulty is experienced by the hardness of the sputa, in expelling it, and in difficulty of breathing, in all these symptoms very great relief is afforded by its exhibition. Inhalation being in a very numerous class of cases the only means by which the more distressing symptoms of many pulmonary complaints can be met with anything like effectiveness, we have offered, by the means suggested here, one of the most useful agents in procuring the results desired, relief being frequently obtained by means of this process, when by no other has it been possible to secure it. It has been similarly employed in dyspepsia, but, as would appear, with no permanently good result, its action being almost exclusively upon the lungs and respiratory apparatus. An ointment prepared from stramonium has received considerable attention for piles, fistula, abscesses, and suppurating old sores, in which it is employed with great benefit; success has also been said to have followed its employment for pains in the joints and in rheumatic affections, to which cases it is applied with friction For sores requiring a cleansing, and at the same time emollient, application, it is of extreme value. As an external application, stramonium appears to be less used at the present time than formerly. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. High toxicity, whole plant toxic, leaves and seeds are the usual sources of poisoning in humans and other animals; all animals, including pets and poultry, may be affected; even the nectar of this plant contains alkaloids that contaminate honey. Hallucinogenic, narcotic, anesthetic, intoxicating, used for sedating and relieving muscular spasm. Flower juice used in headache. Leaves for asthma, cough, antimicrobial, leaf for skin dis- eases, boils, wounds and sores; leaves heated and tied on the breasts by women for drying out the milk; crushed leaves kept in bed to kill bed-bugs; dry leaves smoked for asthma and sinus infections; chewed to relieve toothache and sore gum; leaves juice applied on forehead in headache. Crushed seeds in mustard oil applied for rheumatism; seeds are fried and the smoke inhaled through the mouth to relieve toothache. Fruits sedative; fruits juice applied to scalp for dandruff and falling hairs [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors, express juice for earache. Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors , express juice for earache. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ]
Spasmolytic, antiasthmatic, anticholinergic, cerebral depressant, nerve-sedative. Controls spasms of bronchioles in asthma. Anticholinergic. Effects of overdose are similar to those of atropine. Temporary relief from Parkinsonian tremor recorded. (Contraindicated with depressant drugs.) Applied locally, stramonium palliates the pain of muscular rheumatism, neuralgia, also pain due to haemorrhoids, fistula, abscesses and similar inflammations. Prevents motion sickness. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
In Burma, the seeds are used to induce narcosis. In China, the flowers are used to assuage pains, treat asthma, bechic, skin troubles, swollen feet, prolapse of the rectum and nervous disorders. The leaves are smoked to treat asthma and to assuage pains. In the Philippines, the plant is used for criminal purposes. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
This species has been widely used since ancient times. Avicenna said that this plant makes you drunk, is too dangerous for the brain, and is the enemy of the heart. Beruni wrote that half a gram of the seeds can make you drunk and 4.2 g can kill you. A decoction of the seeds is used as a gargle for people with tooth- and headaches, as a painkiller and sedative, and to treat fevers, neuralgia, rheumatism, and radiculitis. Oil from the seeds is used to treat hemorrhoids and the leaves are laid over the eyes to treat eye aches. [The Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]
This well-known drug plant is used to some extent in Jamaica for asthma and sinus infections. It palliates the distressing paroxysms of pure spasmodic asthma when smoked. The leaves are rubbed up and applied externally to swellings, burns and ulcers. Similar uses are made of the plant in South Africa. The leaves are also used for headaches, haemorrhoids and running sores. Browne reports that in his day the plant was seldom used internally as its use was accompanied by 'dreadful perturbations of the mind', though it was tben used for scalds and sores. The leaves have a total alkaloid content of 0.2 to 0.6 per cent, the content increasing with the age and size of the leaves. The principle alkaloid is hyoscyamine with smaller quantities of atropine and hyoscine. [ Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
Leaf: Applied with coconut oil on bruises; leaf used for a pain-killer (anodyne) in Surinam. Fruit: Crushed green fruit used to treat pustules of anthracoid erysipelas in French Guiana. Flower: Juice used to treat earache in Surinam. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]
Ipomoea alba, Moonflower vine, Mandavalli
Ipomoea alba L.
Family: Convolvulaceae
Synonyms: Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Calonyction aculeatum var. lobatum (Hallier f.) C.Y. Wu, Calonyction album (L.) House, Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, Calonyction bona-nox var. lobatum Hallier f., Calonyction pulcherrimum Parodi, Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Convolvulus aculeatus L., Convolvulus aculeatus var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Convolvulus bona-nox (L.) Spreng., Convolvulus pulcherrimus Vell., Ipomoea aculeata var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Ipomoea aculeata f. bonanox (L.) Voss, Ipomoea bona-nox L.
Common name: Moonflower vine, Moon vine
Hindi: दूधियाकलमी Dudhiakalmi,
Marathi: गुलचांदी Gulchandi
Kannada: Candra pushpa
Tamil: Naganamukkorai
Chinese: 裂叶月光花, 月光花
Dutch: nachtschone
Finnish: Kuuelämänlanka
French: Ipomée blanche
Malayalam: Chandrakanthi, Mandavalli
Spanish: bejuco de puerco, Flor de luna
Used in Sidha. Whole plant purgative, antibacterial, emetic, used in treating snakebite. Dermatitis. Flowers infusion taken as a blood purifier. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
11 Published articles of Ipomoea alba
Family: Convolvulaceae
Synonyms: Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Calonyction aculeatum var. lobatum (Hallier f.) C.Y. Wu, Calonyction album (L.) House, Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, Calonyction bona-nox var. lobatum Hallier f., Calonyction pulcherrimum Parodi, Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Convolvulus aculeatus L., Convolvulus aculeatus var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Convolvulus bona-nox (L.) Spreng., Convolvulus pulcherrimus Vell., Ipomoea aculeata var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Ipomoea aculeata f. bonanox (L.) Voss, Ipomoea bona-nox L.
Common name: Moonflower vine, Moon vine
Hindi: दूधियाकलमी Dudhiakalmi,
Marathi: गुलचांदी Gulchandi
Kannada: Candra pushpa
Tamil: Naganamukkorai
Chinese: 裂叶月光花, 月光花
Dutch: nachtschone
Finnish: Kuuelämänlanka
French: Ipomée blanche
Malayalam: Chandrakanthi, Mandavalli
Spanish: bejuco de puerco, Flor de luna
Used in Sidha. Whole plant purgative, antibacterial, emetic, used in treating snakebite. Dermatitis. Flowers infusion taken as a blood purifier. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
11 Published articles of Ipomoea alba
Hibiscus hirtus, Nityamalli, Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hirtus L.
Family: Malvaceae
Common name: Lesser Mallow
Marathi: दुपा Dupari, नरेरी Nareri
Gujarati: Baporis
Bengali: Lal-surgumini
Tamil: நித்யமல்லீ Nityamalli
Telugu: నిత్యమల్లి Nityamalli,
Malayalam: സൂര്യമനീ
Published articles
1. Hibiscus hirtus L. (Malvaceae): A new record for the flora of Madhya Pradesh
By: Tiwari, Arjun Prasad; Shukla, Achuta Nand; Kharma, K. K.
Phytotaxonomy Volume: 12 Pages: 169-170 Published: 2012
2. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus And Hibiscus-talbotii Malvaceae
By: Paul T K; Nayar M P
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 22 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 197-198 Published: 1980
3. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus Malvaceae
By: BOSE R B
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 17 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 163 Published: 1975
Family: Malvaceae
Common name: Lesser Mallow
Marathi: दुपा Dupari, नरेरी Nareri
Gujarati: Baporis
Bengali: Lal-surgumini
Tamil: நித்யமல்லீ Nityamalli
Telugu: నిత్యమల్లి Nityamalli,
Malayalam: സൂര്യമനീ
Description: Herb or undershrubs, 1-1.5 m high; stems erect, pubescent with simple stiff minute stellate hairs.Leaves alternate, lower ones ovate, rounded or cuneate at base, crenate-serrate or irregularly toothed at margin, acute to acuminate at apex, 3-6 x 2-3 cm, 3-5 nerved at base, often with an oblong nectary on midnerve beneath, minutely pubescent with stellate hairs; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, with long stellate and simple hairs; stipules linear, 2-8 mm long, ciliate. Flowers axillary, solitary or seemingly in racemes or panicles by reduction of upper leaves; pedicels longer than petioles, 0.5-2 cm, accrescent to 5 cm, jointed below or above middle, pubescent. Epicalyx lobes 6-9, free, lanceolate to linear or subulate, acute, 3-8 x 0.5-1 mm. Calyx ca 1.5 cm across, 5-fid or parted; lobes divided nearly to base, linear-lanceolate, hairy, persistent. Corolla rotate, pink or white. Petals obovate, 1-1.5 x 0.5-0.8 mm, rounded at apex. Staminal column shorter than or as long as petals. Ovary subglobose, ca 2 mm across; stigmas capitate. Capsules globose, 7-10 mm, shorter than calyx; seeds 2 or 3 in each locule, reniform, ca 2 mm across, densely covered with long wooly hairs
Published articles
1. Hibiscus hirtus L. (Malvaceae): A new record for the flora of Madhya Pradesh
By: Tiwari, Arjun Prasad; Shukla, Achuta Nand; Kharma, K. K.
Phytotaxonomy Volume: 12 Pages: 169-170 Published: 2012
2. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus And Hibiscus-talbotii Malvaceae
By: Paul T K; Nayar M P
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 22 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 197-198 Published: 1980
3. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus Malvaceae
By: BOSE R B
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 17 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 163 Published: 1975
Saturday, May 2, 2015
Solanum erianthum, Vidari, Akra, Ngoi, Mullein Nightshade, ฝ่าแป้ง
Solanum erianthum D. Don
Family: Solanaceae
Synonym: Solanum adulterinum Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
Common name: Big Eggplant, Mullein Nightshade, China flowerleaf, Potato tree, Wild Tobacco tree
Garo: khimkha nagong
Hindi: Akra, बन तमाखू Ban tamakhu
Kannada: kadusonde, kallarthi, savudangi
Khasi: dieng sohmon niangkodong
Malayalam: chunta, erichunta, malanjunta,
Manipuri: লম খামেন Lam khamen
Marathi: कुत्री kutri
Oriya: vidari
Sanskrit: gandira, pathi, priyamkari, vidari
Tamil: karimulli, mulkathari, sundai, ஆனைச்சுண்டை Anai-c-cuntai, சுண்டை, மலைச்சுண்டை Malai-c-cuntai
Telugu: budama, rasagadi, pittu
Chinese: 假烟叶树
Indonesian: Terung teter
Thai: ฝ่าแป้ง
Vietnamese: Ngoi
16 Published articles of Solanum erianthum
Family: Solanaceae
Synonym: Solanum adulterinum Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
Common name: Big Eggplant, Mullein Nightshade, China flowerleaf, Potato tree, Wild Tobacco tree
Garo: khimkha nagong
Hindi: Akra, बन तमाखू Ban tamakhu
Kannada: kadusonde, kallarthi, savudangi
Khasi: dieng sohmon niangkodong
Malayalam: chunta, erichunta, malanjunta,
Manipuri: লম খামেন Lam khamen
Marathi: कुत्री kutri
Oriya: vidari
Sanskrit: gandira, pathi, priyamkari, vidari
Tamil: karimulli, mulkathari, sundai, ஆனைச்சுண்டை Anai-c-cuntai, சுண்டை, மலைச்சுண்டை Malai-c-cuntai
Telugu: budama, rasagadi, pittu
Chinese: 假烟叶树
Indonesian: Terung teter
Thai: ฝ่าแป้ง
Vietnamese: Ngoi
Description: An erect shrub from 120-150 cm or more tall. Young shoots and branchlets dense stellate-tomentose with yellowish-white indument. Leaves 8-25 x 4-9.5 cm, elliptic-ovate, acute to acuminate, stellately tomentose, cuneate, under surface (in dried state) lighter coloured. Petiole 20-30 (-40) mm long. Flowers 15-25 in number, in dense terminal and axillary corymbose cymes, white. Peduncle up to 90 mm long, ± stout. Calyx ± cupular, tomentose; lobes c. 3 mm long, acute, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx; limb 14-16 mm broad, lobes 4.5 mm long, acute. Anthers oblong, 4-5 mm long; filaments 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Style glabrous. Ovary glabrescent. Berry globose, 8-10 mm broad, yellow. Seeds ± discoid, minutely reticulate
Roots—a decoction is prescribed for vertigo. Leaves— prescribed for vaginal discharges. Various plant parts are ground with warm water and applied externally to lessen inflammation, burning sensation and pain. The glycoalkaloid, solasonine is present in the leaves and fruits. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Roots—a decoction is prescribed for vertigo. Leaves— prescribed for vaginal discharges. Various plant parts are ground with warm water and applied externally to lessen inflammation, burning sensation and pain. The glycoalkaloid, solasonine is present in the leaves and fruits. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
16 Published articles of Solanum erianthum
Solanum chrysotrichum, 多裂水茄
Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl.
Family: Solanaceae
Chinese: 多裂水茄
23 Published articles of Solanum chrysotrichum
Family: Solanaceae
Chinese: 多裂水茄
Description: Shrub or small tree 2–6 m tall, twigs green, stout, covered with yellowish rusty hair, moderately spiny, spines 0.6 cm long, curved, young stems often purplish. Leaves alternate, about 17 cm long, 14 cm wide, egg-shaped, densely hairy on both sides, margin lobed, new leaves and stems densely rusty-yellow-woolly. Flowers white, 3 cm wide, star-shaped, base tubular, petal lobes 5, pointed, anthers yellow, grouped around stigma; pollinated by large bees; inflorescence of tight, branched clusters along internodes near ends of stems; blooms and fruits all year. Fruit fleshy, dull yellow orange, to 2 cm wide, round, cupped in old calyx, stalk swollen; apparently eaten by bats, which disperse the seeds, possibly also by birds.
23 Published articles of Solanum chrysotrichum
Solanum jasminoides, Solanum laxum, Potato Vine
Solanum jasminoides J. Paxton
Family: Solanaceae
Synonym: Solanum laxum Spreng.
Common name: Potato Vine
Manipuri: Morok lei
German: Jasminblütiger Nachtschatten
French: Morelle faux jasmin
Dutch: Klimmende nachtschade
Finnish: Köynnöskoiso
Swedish: Stjärnsöta
Chinese: 素馨叶白英
The ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves are 30 to 50 mm long and 15 to 25 mm wide. The white or pale blue flowers appear in groups of around 20 in branched inflorescences, produced in profusion in the spring but also sporadically at other times of the year. These are followed by dark blue or black berries that are around 8 mm in diameter.
35 Published articles of Solanum jasminoides
Family: Solanaceae
Synonym: Solanum laxum Spreng.
Common name: Potato Vine
Manipuri: Morok lei
German: Jasminblütiger Nachtschatten
French: Morelle faux jasmin
Dutch: Klimmende nachtschade
Finnish: Köynnöskoiso
Swedish: Stjärnsöta
Chinese: 素馨叶白英
The ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves are 30 to 50 mm long and 15 to 25 mm wide. The white or pale blue flowers appear in groups of around 20 in branched inflorescences, produced in profusion in the spring but also sporadically at other times of the year. These are followed by dark blue or black berries that are around 8 mm in diameter.
35 Published articles of Solanum jasminoides
Asystasia gangetica, Lavana valli, Herbe le rail
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson
Family: Acanthaceae
Common name: Ganges Primrose, Chinese violet, Creeping foxglove
Chinese: 宽叶十万错
Congo: ondo, ondoko
French: Herbe le rail
Indinesian: Rumput israel
Kannada: ಮೆದ್ಧೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು Meddhe soppu, Lavan-valli, Maithaala kaddi
Kenya: atipa, burutula, enkosida, fuchwe, futsure, futswe, gosida, mtikini, tala-kushe, talakusha, talakushe, thalakushe, tsalakushe, turkwot, vongonya
Malayalam: Valli-upu-dali, തുപ്പലംപൊട്ടി
Malaysia: rumput bunga putih, rumput hantu, rumput nyonya
Marathi: लवण वल्ली Lavana valli
Rodrigues Isl.: herbe à pistache
Sanskrit: लवण वल्ली Lavana valli
Tamil: Parchorri, Chorri, Mekampokki
Telugu: Mukka mungera, Poda beera
Thailand: baya, yaya
45 Published articles of Asystasia gangetica
Family: Acanthaceae
Common name: Ganges Primrose, Chinese violet, Creeping foxglove
Chinese: 宽叶十万错
Congo: ondo, ondoko
French: Herbe le rail
Indinesian: Rumput israel
Kannada: ಮೆದ್ಧೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು Meddhe soppu, Lavan-valli, Maithaala kaddi
Kenya: atipa, burutula, enkosida, fuchwe, futsure, futswe, gosida, mtikini, tala-kushe, talakusha, talakushe, thalakushe, tsalakushe, turkwot, vongonya
Malayalam: Valli-upu-dali, തുപ്പലംപൊട്ടി
Malaysia: rumput bunga putih, rumput hantu, rumput nyonya
Marathi: लवण वल्ली Lavana valli
Rodrigues Isl.: herbe à pistache
Sanskrit: लवण वल्ली Lavana valli
Tamil: Parchorri, Chorri, Mekampokki
Telugu: Mukka mungera, Poda beera
Thailand: baya, yaya
Description: Suberect to climbing subshrub, with 4-angled, pilose to glabrescent twigs. Leaves with up to c. 2 cm long petiole; lamina elliptic-ovate to deltoid, 2-5 x 1.5-3.5 (-4) cm, grey-pubescent to glabrate, base truncate to rounded, the margins crenulate to entire, apically acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers in terminal, 1-sided, lax raceme. Bracts lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm long, pilose. Calyx lobes lanceolate, (5-) 7-9 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Corolla yellow to creamy-white with purple streaks on throat, tube up to 2.5 cm long, narrow below, widened to c. 1 cm at the throat, hairy outside, lobes ± orbicular, up to 1.5 cm long. Anthers oblong, 2.5-3 mm long. Style up to 2 cm long. Capsule oblong, up to 2.8 cm long including stipe, pubescent, 4-seeded.
Used in Ayurveda and Siddha. The juice, with lime and onion juice, used for dry coughs with an irritated throat and chest complaints; sap applied to sores, swellings, wounds and piles; plant juice to children for swellings and rheumatism. Leaves washed, pounded and boiled, the decoction drunk to eradicate intestinal worms; leaf decoction analgesic, to treat epilepsy, rheumatism and urethral discharge. Powdered roots analgesic, for stomachache and snakebites. Veterinary medicine, plants pounded with water to make a wash against fleas for young animals. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Uses: Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders. is used to expel intestinal worms and to soothe inflammation. In Malaysia, the juice expressed from the leaves is drunk to expel intestinal worms. A paste of the plant is used to counteract snake’s poison, to treat rheumatism and to soothe swollen parts. In Vietnam and the Philippines, the plant is astringent. In India, the plant is used to expel intestinal worms, soothe swollen parts and to treat rheumatism. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Used in Ayurveda and Siddha. The juice, with lime and onion juice, used for dry coughs with an irritated throat and chest complaints; sap applied to sores, swellings, wounds and piles; plant juice to children for swellings and rheumatism. Leaves washed, pounded and boiled, the decoction drunk to eradicate intestinal worms; leaf decoction analgesic, to treat epilepsy, rheumatism and urethral discharge. Powdered roots analgesic, for stomachache and snakebites. Veterinary medicine, plants pounded with water to make a wash against fleas for young animals. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Uses: Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders. is used to expel intestinal worms and to soothe inflammation. In Malaysia, the juice expressed from the leaves is drunk to expel intestinal worms. A paste of the plant is used to counteract snake’s poison, to treat rheumatism and to soothe swollen parts. In Vietnam and the Philippines, the plant is astringent. In India, the plant is used to expel intestinal worms, soothe swollen parts and to treat rheumatism. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Barleria cristata, Vajradanti, Semmulli, Philippine violet, Gueule de loup
Barleria cristata L.
Family: Acanthaceae
English: Crested Philippine violet, Philippine-violet
Assamese: Jhinili
Bengali: Janti
Chinese: 假杜鹃
French: Gueule de loup
Hindi: Vajra Danti वज्र दंती
Oriya: Koilekha
Tamil: செம்முள்ளி Semmulli
Telugu: Tellanilambari
Thai: อังกาบ, kaan chang, luem thao yai, thong ra-aa
Japan: barureria
Philippines: kolintang, violeta
Tibet: sa ha ra ca, sa ha ra tsap, sa-ha-tsa
Vietnam: hoa ch[oo]ng
Family: Acanthaceae
English: Crested Philippine violet, Philippine-violet
Assamese: Jhinili
Bengali: Janti
Chinese: 假杜鹃
French: Gueule de loup
Hindi: Vajra Danti वज्र दंती
Oriya: Koilekha
Tamil: செம்முள்ளி Semmulli
Telugu: Tellanilambari
Thai: อังกาบ, kaan chang, luem thao yai, thong ra-aa
Japan: barureria
Philippines: kolintang, violeta
Tibet: sa ha ra ca, sa ha ra tsap, sa-ha-tsa
Vietnam: hoa ch[oo]ng
Description: An erect, up to 1.5 m tall, much branched, unarmed shrublet with appressedly hairy twigs, densely so at the nodes, Leaves with 1-2 cm long, hairy petiole; lamina elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, 3-12.5 cm x 1-3.5 cm, hairy both surfaces, attenuate at the base, entire, apically acute-acuminate. Flowers purple blue or pink or white, 4.5-5 cm long, in short, 1-5-flowered, axillary or terminal spikes; bracts absent or lanceolate, 8-12 mm long, bristly on margins, scabrous, acute; bracteoles absent. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, outer 2 lobes much larger than the inner pair, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm x 6-8 (-10) mm, acuminate, bristly toothed on margins, hairy or glabrescent, inner 2-lobes linear, 7-8 mm long, pointed. Corolla glandular-pubescent outside, tube 3.5-4 cm long, infundibuliform, limb with oblong-obovate, up to 2 cm long, unequal lobes. Filaments hairy, anthers oblong, c. 3 mm long. Ovary oblong-conical, mm long; style c. 4 cm long. Capsule ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm long, glabrous, pointed at the base and apex, 4-seeded. Seeds orbicular, c. 4 mm across, appressed hairy.
Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Whole plant antiinflammatory, bechic, hypoglycemic, spasmolytic, oxytocic, used in snakebite; a paste or a decoction given in tuberculosis. Leaves for inflammations. Roots and leaves infusion applied to boils and sores to reduce swellings; the bitter juice of the leaves or roots diaphoretic and expectorant; root paste for toothache; roots for anemia and cough, a decoction of the root with Barleria strigosa and dry fish is given in anemia; a decoction of the root of Barleria strigosa with Barleria cristata and Tinospora cordifolia is given in fevers with honey and long pepper [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Extract of the plant—sasmogenic and hypoglycaemic. Root extract—given in anaemia. The leaves are chewed in toothache. Roots and leaves are applied to swellings. An infusion is given in cough. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
22 Published articles of
Barleria cristataExtract of the plant—sasmogenic and hypoglycaemic. Root extract—given in anaemia. The leaves are chewed in toothache. Roots and leaves are applied to swellings. An infusion is given in cough. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Carthamus oxyacantha, Wild Safflower, Jeweled Distaff Thistle
Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb.
Family: Compositae
Synonyms: Carduus flavescens Willd. , Carthamus oxyacantha subsp. noeana Sostak. , Carthamus oxyacantha subsp. oxyacantha, Carthamus polyacantha M.Bieb.
Common name: Wild Safflower, Jeweled Distaff Thistle
Kannada: Kaadu kusabi gida, Mullu shaavanth
Spiny-leaved annual herb, many-branched, florets orange-yellow, achene obovate or elliptic, noxious pernicious weed, not eaten by livestock.
Plant diuretic, plant or flowers decoction anthelmintic for children. Seed oil a dressing for bad ulcers, itch, joint pains, liver diseases. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
47 Published articles of Carthamus oxyacantha
Friday, May 1, 2015
Boswellia serrata, Kunduru, Sallaki, Indian frankincense
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
Family: Burseraceae
Synonyms: Boswellia balsamifera Spreng., Boswellia glabra Roxb., Boswellia thurifera Roxb. ex Fleming, Chloroxylon dupada Buch.-Ham., Libanotus asiaticus Stackh.
Libanus thuriferus Colebr.
Common name: Indian Olibanum, Indian frankincense
Gujarati: સાલેડી saaledi, સલાઈ ગૂગળ salaai gugul
Hindi: शल्लकी shallaki, kundur, luban
Kannada: ಗುಗ್ಗುಳ ಮರ guggula mara
Malayalam: കുങ്ങില്യം kungilyam
Marathi: धुपाळी dhupali, धूपसाळी dhupasali, कुरुंद kurunda, सालफळी salaphali, साळई salai, साळी sali
Oriya: salai
Punjabi: Salai gonda
Sanskrit: भीषण bhishan, गुग्गुल guggula, हस्तिनशना hastinashana, पालंक palank, पार्वती parvati, ऱ्हादिनी hradini, कुरुन्द kurunda, सल्लकी sallaki, शल्लकी shallaki, स्रुवा sruva
Tamil: பறங்கிச்சாம்பிராணி paranki-c-campi-rani, வெள்ளிக்கீரை vellai-k-kirai
Telugu: పరంగి సాంబ్రాణిచెట్టు parangi-sambrani-chettu, సల్లకి sallaki
Arabic: kundur
Finnish: Salaiolibaani
Urdu: kundur, lobana
Description: Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, bark yellowish-white with dark blotches, exfoliations thin, papery, smooth flakes; blaze red; exudation white gum-resin; branchlets pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, alternate, apically clustered, estipulate; rachis 11-44 cm, slender, pubescent, swollen at base; leaflets 15-31, sessile or subsessile, opposite or subopposite; lamina 0.8-9.5 x 0.5-3.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, base oblique, acute, apex obtuse, margin entire or crenate, chartaceous, glabrous; lateral nerves 8-14 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers bisexual, small, white, in axillary or subterminal fascicled racemes; calyx pubescent, tube broadly campanulate, short; lobes 5-7, persistent; petals 5-7, 7 x 2.5-4 mm, white, ovate-oblong, shortly clawed, inflexed at apex pubescent out side except margin; disc annular, crenate, free from calyx; stamens 10, free, filaments alternately longer and shorter connective produced beyond the anther lobe; ovary sessile, superior, ovoid, 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style to 3 mm, grooved; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, trigonous; pyrenes 3; seed 3.
Ayurvedic uses: Jvara, Pradara, Svasa, pittabhishyanda, Sarkarameha, Vrushana sula, Mukha roga [API Vol-4]
In traditional and Ayurvedic medicine the Boswellia gum resin has been extensively used to treat a variety of conditions. Dried extracts of the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree have been used since antiquity in India to treat inflammatory conditions. The resin of Boswellia serrata is used as an anti-inflammatory agent when applied externally. Internally, besides being antiarthritic, it has expectorant effect and improves immunity and hence has immunomodulating properties. One of the principal constituents in the gum resin is boswellic acid which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The gum resin is used as an ointment for sores and has anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic and antiarthritic activities. The nonphenolic fraction of the gum resin had marked sedative and analgesic action. [Herbal Cures Traditional Approach]
Boswellia serrata is used for inflammatory disorders including collagenous colitis (a cause of chronic diarrhoea), peritumoral oedema, rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic conditions. There is mounting clinical evidence to support its use. The boswellic acids have immunomodulatory effects and are anti-inflammatory via a number of mechanisms. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions ]
Boswellia is fast becoming one of the most commonly taken medicines for arthritic problems. Concerns over the safety of conventional anti-inflammatories have increased interest in herbal alternatives, and in boswellia’s case, there is a significant and growing body of research that indicates both its safety and effectiveness. The specific anti-inflammatory action of the resin makes it an important remedy for chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. It can also prove valuable in relieving pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis. other uses Boswellia is also indicated in other inflammatory conditions such as asthma, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. It has recently been used to treat brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease—in both cases, it should be used only under professional supervision. [Herbal Remedies]
In Ayurveda the gum is considered anti-dysentric, anti-pyretic, and is used mainly in rheumatism and convulsions, but also in various nervous diseases. It is an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent when applied externally. It is not a constituent of important Ayurvedic products. It is sometimes used as a substitute for guggal gum. [Rasayana: Ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation]
123 Published articles of Boswellia serrata
Family: Burseraceae
Synonyms: Boswellia balsamifera Spreng., Boswellia glabra Roxb., Boswellia thurifera Roxb. ex Fleming, Chloroxylon dupada Buch.-Ham., Libanotus asiaticus Stackh.
Libanus thuriferus Colebr.
Common name: Indian Olibanum, Indian frankincense
Gujarati: સાલેડી saaledi, સલાઈ ગૂગળ salaai gugul
Hindi: शल्लकी shallaki, kundur, luban
Kannada: ಗುಗ್ಗುಳ ಮರ guggula mara
Malayalam: കുങ്ങില്യം kungilyam
Marathi: धुपाळी dhupali, धूपसाळी dhupasali, कुरुंद kurunda, सालफळी salaphali, साळई salai, साळी sali
Oriya: salai
Punjabi: Salai gonda
Sanskrit: भीषण bhishan, गुग्गुल guggula, हस्तिनशना hastinashana, पालंक palank, पार्वती parvati, ऱ्हादिनी hradini, कुरुन्द kurunda, सल्लकी sallaki, शल्लकी shallaki, स्रुवा sruva
Tamil: பறங்கிச்சாம்பிராணி paranki-c-campi-rani, வெள்ளிக்கீரை vellai-k-kirai
Telugu: పరంగి సాంబ్రాణిచెట్టు parangi-sambrani-chettu, సల్లకి sallaki
Arabic: kundur
Finnish: Salaiolibaani
Urdu: kundur, lobana
Description: Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, bark yellowish-white with dark blotches, exfoliations thin, papery, smooth flakes; blaze red; exudation white gum-resin; branchlets pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, alternate, apically clustered, estipulate; rachis 11-44 cm, slender, pubescent, swollen at base; leaflets 15-31, sessile or subsessile, opposite or subopposite; lamina 0.8-9.5 x 0.5-3.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, base oblique, acute, apex obtuse, margin entire or crenate, chartaceous, glabrous; lateral nerves 8-14 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers bisexual, small, white, in axillary or subterminal fascicled racemes; calyx pubescent, tube broadly campanulate, short; lobes 5-7, persistent; petals 5-7, 7 x 2.5-4 mm, white, ovate-oblong, shortly clawed, inflexed at apex pubescent out side except margin; disc annular, crenate, free from calyx; stamens 10, free, filaments alternately longer and shorter connective produced beyond the anther lobe; ovary sessile, superior, ovoid, 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style to 3 mm, grooved; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, trigonous; pyrenes 3; seed 3.
Ayurvedic uses: Jvara, Pradara, Svasa, pittabhishyanda, Sarkarameha, Vrushana sula, Mukha roga [API Vol-4]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Resin diuretic, stimulant, demulcent, emmenagogue, hypoglycemic, astringent, antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rehumatism, joint pain, toothache, Crohn’s disease, chronic ulcers, asthma, backpain, other inflammatory diseases; resin mixed with rice water applied for skin eruptions; a mixture of gum and red ochre consumed to check the nocturnal emissions. Bark and gum-resin to treat bronchitis, asthma, cough, chronic laryngitis, stomatitis, dysentery, ulcers, hemorrhoid, skin diseases, fever, convulsions, syphilitic diseases, jaundice, arthritis, rheumatism, conjunctivitis; stem bark decoction to relieve body aches and to treat dysuria, in small doses given internally to cure chronic cough and cold; stem bark paste given for indigestion; stem bark paste applied to wounds; stem bark powder made into a paste and applied on forehead to relieve headache; stem bark pounded together with Curcuma longa and applied in traumatic pain. Resin used as incense, dry gum burns easily. Bark with root of Leea asiatica made into a paste and used in snakebite. Aromatic leaves and twigs used as repellent for flies, termites and insects. Veterinary medicine, bark juice for fracture of limb; pounded bark juice applied on the broken part of the limb. Sacred plant [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
In traditional and Ayurvedic medicine the Boswellia gum resin has been extensively used to treat a variety of conditions. Dried extracts of the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree have been used since antiquity in India to treat inflammatory conditions. The resin of Boswellia serrata is used as an anti-inflammatory agent when applied externally. Internally, besides being antiarthritic, it has expectorant effect and improves immunity and hence has immunomodulating properties. One of the principal constituents in the gum resin is boswellic acid which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The gum resin is used as an ointment for sores and has anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic and antiarthritic activities. The nonphenolic fraction of the gum resin had marked sedative and analgesic action. [Herbal Cures Traditional Approach]
Boswellia serrata is used for inflammatory disorders including collagenous colitis (a cause of chronic diarrhoea), peritumoral oedema, rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic conditions. There is mounting clinical evidence to support its use. The boswellic acids have immunomodulatory effects and are anti-inflammatory via a number of mechanisms. [Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions ]
Boswellia is fast becoming one of the most commonly taken medicines for arthritic problems. Concerns over the safety of conventional anti-inflammatories have increased interest in herbal alternatives, and in boswellia’s case, there is a significant and growing body of research that indicates both its safety and effectiveness. The specific anti-inflammatory action of the resin makes it an important remedy for chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. It can also prove valuable in relieving pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis. other uses Boswellia is also indicated in other inflammatory conditions such as asthma, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. It has recently been used to treat brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease—in both cases, it should be used only under professional supervision. [Herbal Remedies]
In Ayurveda the gum is considered anti-dysentric, anti-pyretic, and is used mainly in rheumatism and convulsions, but also in various nervous diseases. It is an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent when applied externally. It is not a constituent of important Ayurvedic products. It is sometimes used as a substitute for guggal gum. [Rasayana: Ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation]
Thursday, April 30, 2015
Ruellia prostrata, Bell Weed, Upudali, Ruellie prostrée
Ruellia prostrata Poir.
Family: Acanthaceae
Synonym: Dipteracanthus prostrata, Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees (Aphelandra castanifolia Britton ex Rusby; Dipteracanthus dejectus Nees; Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees; Ruellia otaviensis P.G. Mey.; Ruellia prostrata Poir.; Ruellia prostrata var. dejecta (Nees) C.B. Clarke; Ruellia rivularis (Benoist)
English: Bell Weed, prostrate wild petunia
French: Ruellie prostrée
Malayalam: Thuppalampott, Velipadakkam, Upudali
Marathi: Kali dhawani
Tamil: Pottakanchi
Telugu: Neelambaram
Gujarati: Kalughavani, Kali Dhraman
Description: Erect or decument perennial herb, up to c. 50 cm tall, sometimes scrambling and taller. Stems several, growing from a woody rootstock, variously pubescent or with more or less spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, elliptic, lanceolate to more or less broadly ovate, 4-10 cm long, usually pointed at the apex, almost hairless or pubescent, most densely so along the veins; petiole up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-3 together; bracts lanceolate to broadly ovate, 7-23 mm long. Calyx 9-25 mm long, divided almost to the base; lobes filiform, ciliate-hairy. Corolla white, mauve or purple, short-lived; tube 14-28 mm long with cylindric part much shorter than the throat; lobes more or less broadly elliptic, 6-16 mm long and up to 15 mm wide; margin entire to crenate-dentate. Capsule narrowly oblanceolate or clavate, 15-24 mm long, finely velvety.
Plant decoction in case of physical weakness; leaves for ear complaints. Seed powder given to person with sperm deficiency. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
8 Published articles of Ruellia prostrata
Justicia brandegeeana, Queue d'écrevisse, Shrimp plant
Justicia brandegeeana Wassh. & L.B.Sm.
Family: Acanthaceae
English: Mexican Plume, shrimpplant
Chinese: 虾衣花 , 麒麟吐珠
Finnish: Käpyjaakonkukka, Onnenkäpy
French: Queue d'écrevisse
German: Purpurschopf, Zimmerhopfen
Africans: Garnaalbos
Arabic: نبات الجمبري
Persian: ناوک
Dutch: Garnalenplant
Japanese: コエビソウ
Portuguese: Flor-camarão
Swedish: Mexikansk humleknopp
Tongan: Akauʻuoiiki kula
Family: Acanthaceae
English: Mexican Plume, shrimpplant
Chinese: 虾衣花 , 麒麟吐珠
Finnish: Käpyjaakonkukka, Onnenkäpy
French: Queue d'écrevisse
German: Purpurschopf, Zimmerhopfen
Africans: Garnaalbos
Arabic: نبات الجمبري
Persian: ناوک
Dutch: Garnalenplant
Japanese: コエビソウ
Portuguese: Flor-camarão
Swedish: Mexikansk humleknopp
Tongan: Akauʻuoiiki kula
Description: A small shrublet, up to 1.5 m, much branched from the base, young twigs with patent hairs. Leaves with 1-3 cm long, slender strigose petioles; lamina ovate o lanceolate-ovate, 2.5-9 x 2-5 cm, sparsely hirsute on both sides, entire, basally attenuate, acute. Flowers white or pale-lilac, 2-3.5 cm long in terminal or axillary, up to 10 cm long, strobilate, reddish-brown spikes; bracts broadly ovate, 10-20 x 7-15 mm, pilose and densely ciliate obtuse or ± acute, reddish-brown, closely imbricate; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate to ovate, c. 10 mm long, ciliate. Calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, ciliate. Corolla tube 1.5-2.5 cm long, soft hairy outside, upper lip smaller than lower, ± entire, lower lip purple spotted within, shallowly 3-lobed, Ovary glabrous with filiform, hairy style. Capsule oblong, 10-12 mm long, puberulent. Seeds ± ovate, c. 3 mm long, smooth.
Saturday, April 25, 2015
Justicia gendarussa, Yapana marron, Krishna nirgundi
Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.
Family: Acanthaceae
Common name: Gandarusa, Warer willow
Assamese: tita-bahak, Bishalya Karani
Bengali: jagatmadan
Hindi: नीलि नर्गन्डि Nili nargandi, Kala bashimb
Kannada: aduthodagidda, karalakkigidde, karinekki
Malayalam: karunochchi, vada-kodi
Marathi: tev, bakas, kalaadulsa
Oriya: nilanirgundi
Sanskrit: bhutakeshi, gandharasa, indrani, kapika, krishnanirgundi, कसनः, kasanah, वैध्यसिंहा, vaidyasinha
Tamil: karunochi, vadaikkutti
Telugu: అడ్డసరము addasaramu , గంధరసము gandharasamu, nalla-noch-chili నల్ల నొచ్చిలి
Chinese: 尖尾风
French: Yapana marron
Sudanese: Handarusa
Vietnamese: Thanh táo
70 Published articles of Justicia gendarussa
Family: Acanthaceae
Common name: Gandarusa, Warer willow
Assamese: tita-bahak, Bishalya Karani
Bengali: jagatmadan
Hindi: नीलि नर्गन्डि Nili nargandi, Kala bashimb
Kannada: aduthodagidda, karalakkigidde, karinekki
Malayalam: karunochchi, vada-kodi
Marathi: tev, bakas, kalaadulsa
Oriya: nilanirgundi
Sanskrit: bhutakeshi, gandharasa, indrani, kapika, krishnanirgundi, कसनः, kasanah, वैध्यसिंहा, vaidyasinha
Tamil: karunochi, vadaikkutti
Telugu: అడ్డసరము addasaramu , గంధరసము gandharasamu, nalla-noch-chili నల్ల నొచ్చిలి
Chinese: 尖尾风
French: Yapana marron
Sudanese: Handarusa
Vietnamese: Thanh táo
Description: An undershrub, 60-150 cm, with terete (neither striate nor angular) glabrous, dark purple twigs. Leaves with up 1 cm long petiole; lamina linear-lanceolate, 9-15 x 2-3 cm broad, glabrous on both sides, entire, apex acute-acuminate attenuate basally. Inflorescence terminal or axillary spikes or panicle of spikes, up to 10 cm long, more than 1.5 cm across. Flowers subsessile, white with purple streaks and spots inside, 1.6-2 cm long; bracts lanceolate, c. 4 long; bracteoles absent. Calyx 5-lobed almost to the base, lobes linear-lass late, c. 5 mm long, acuminate. Corolla tube cylindrical, c. 1 cm long, new glabrous, limb bilabiate, upper lip c. 8 mm long, shallowly 2-lobed, lower c. 1 cm long, 3-lobed, spreading. Staminal filaments c. 5 mm long, anther lobes c. 2 mm long, unequal. Ovary oblong-cylindric, c. 2 mm long, style filiform, c. 1 long, puberulous. Capsule glabrous, 4-seeded.
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Whole plant hypotensive, emetic, febrifuge; plant paste in coconut oil applied against rheumatic pain. Dried seed powder mixed with fruit decoction and used as insect repellent. Roots used for diuresis, diarrhea and as antidote; bark antipyretic, emetic, anti- cough, diuretic and antiamebic, in the treatment of wounds and allergy; root extract mixed with water and taken as antidote, anti-venom. Leaves taken internally against cough, body pain, fever and as a cardiotonic, and used externally to treat inflammation, wounds and allergy; a poultice of leaves applied on inflammation; leaves infusion given in headache, hemiplegia and facial paralysis; leaf juice applied to check bleeding, also poured into ears for earache; leaves decoction a remedy for bloody diarrhea and fevers; leaves used in preparations to treat gonorrhea, amenorrhea and malaria, headache, rheumatism and pain; leaves and shoots diaphoretic, a decoction given in chronic rheumatism. Veterinary medicine, pounded leaves applied on bone fracture. Ritual, ceremonial, whole plant, with Ocimum sp. and Euphorbia neriifolia L., used for worship; leafy twigs used in the worship; leaves of Justicia gendarussa soaked with water and leaves of Dendrocnide stimulans, the water used in a ceremony for good hunting and harvest. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Justicia gendarussa Burm. f (atarusaka) is applied on the lower side of the naval region of the pregnant, the delivery will be smooth and easy. [Herbal Cures Traditional Approach]
Febrifuge, diaphoretic, emetic, emmenagogue. Infusion of leaves—given internally in cephalalgia, hemiplegia and facial paralysis. Fresh leaves—used topically in oedema and rheumatism. Bark—emetic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Uses: In Indonesia, Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. is used to induce vomiting. In Malaysia, a decoction of 50g of roots is used to treat rheumatic arthritis; boiled with ginger rhizome and lime, it is used to alleviate bleeding cough. A decoction of the leaves is used to combat fever, promote menses, assuage stomach discomfort, check haemoptysis, alleviate cough, treat asthma, and to relieve the bowels of costiveness. The fresh leaves are pounded and used externally to treat pyoderma, lumbago and rheumatism. A paste of leaves mixed with vinegar is used to assuage toothache. Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. is also used during the hot stages of malaria to combat fever and to treat leucorrhea. In Vietnam, the plant is used to resolve tumors, pro mote appetite, and to invigorate health. In India, the plant is used to treat bronchitis, soothe inflammation, and to pro mote digestion. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Treats rheumatism and fever, antipyretic, effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis, antiinflammatory, antihypersensitivity, and antihistaminic effects. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Whole plant hypotensive, emetic, febrifuge; plant paste in coconut oil applied against rheumatic pain. Dried seed powder mixed with fruit decoction and used as insect repellent. Roots used for diuresis, diarrhea and as antidote; bark antipyretic, emetic, anti- cough, diuretic and antiamebic, in the treatment of wounds and allergy; root extract mixed with water and taken as antidote, anti-venom. Leaves taken internally against cough, body pain, fever and as a cardiotonic, and used externally to treat inflammation, wounds and allergy; a poultice of leaves applied on inflammation; leaves infusion given in headache, hemiplegia and facial paralysis; leaf juice applied to check bleeding, also poured into ears for earache; leaves decoction a remedy for bloody diarrhea and fevers; leaves used in preparations to treat gonorrhea, amenorrhea and malaria, headache, rheumatism and pain; leaves and shoots diaphoretic, a decoction given in chronic rheumatism. Veterinary medicine, pounded leaves applied on bone fracture. Ritual, ceremonial, whole plant, with Ocimum sp. and Euphorbia neriifolia L., used for worship; leafy twigs used in the worship; leaves of Justicia gendarussa soaked with water and leaves of Dendrocnide stimulans, the water used in a ceremony for good hunting and harvest. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Justicia gendarussa Burm. f (atarusaka) is applied on the lower side of the naval region of the pregnant, the delivery will be smooth and easy. [Herbal Cures Traditional Approach]
Febrifuge, diaphoretic, emetic, emmenagogue. Infusion of leaves—given internally in cephalalgia, hemiplegia and facial paralysis. Fresh leaves—used topically in oedema and rheumatism. Bark—emetic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Uses: In Indonesia, Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. is used to induce vomiting. In Malaysia, a decoction of 50g of roots is used to treat rheumatic arthritis; boiled with ginger rhizome and lime, it is used to alleviate bleeding cough. A decoction of the leaves is used to combat fever, promote menses, assuage stomach discomfort, check haemoptysis, alleviate cough, treat asthma, and to relieve the bowels of costiveness. The fresh leaves are pounded and used externally to treat pyoderma, lumbago and rheumatism. A paste of leaves mixed with vinegar is used to assuage toothache. Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. is also used during the hot stages of malaria to combat fever and to treat leucorrhea. In Vietnam, the plant is used to resolve tumors, pro mote appetite, and to invigorate health. In India, the plant is used to treat bronchitis, soothe inflammation, and to pro mote digestion. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Treats rheumatism and fever, antipyretic, effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis, antiinflammatory, antihypersensitivity, and antihistaminic effects. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]
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Hyoscyamus niger
Hypericum dyeri
Hypericum elodeoides
Hypericum oblongifolium
Hyptis suaveolens
Ilex dipyrena
Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens bracteata
Impatiens racemosa
Indigofera aspalathoides
Indigofera astragalina
Indigofera glabra
Ipomoea alba
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea marginata
Isodon rugosus
Ixeris polycephala
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Jacquemontia pentantha
Jasminum auriculatum
Jasminum multiflorum
Jatropha curcas
Jatropha gossypifolia
Juncus thomsonii
Justicia adhatoda
Justicia brandegeeana
Justicia carnea
Justicia gendarussa
Justicia pubigera
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Kallstroemia pubescens
Koelreuteria elegans
Koelreuteria paniculata
Koenigia delicatula
Kopsia fruticosa
Kydia calycina
Kyllinga brevifolia
Lablab purpureus
Lactuca dissecta
Lantana camara
Lathyrus sativus
Leea aequata
Lens culinaris
Leonotis nepetifolia
Leonurus cardiaca
Lepidium sativum
Lepisanthes rubiginosa
Leucas aspera
Leucas nutans
Leucostemma latifolium
Leycesteria formosa
Ligularia amplexicaulis
Ligularia fischeri
Lilium polyphyllum
Linum usitatissimum
Liparis nervosa
Liquidambar formosana
Litsea monopetala
Lupinus angustifolius
Lycium ferocissimum
Macaranga peltata
Maesa argentea
Magnolia champaca
Mahonia napaulensis
Malachra Capitata
Mallotus nudiflorus
Mallotus philippinensis
Malva sylvestris
Malvastrum coromandelianum
Marchantia polymorpha
Martynia annua
Medicago lupulina
Medicinal Plants of India
Melilotus indicus
Melochia corchorifolia
Memecylon edule
Memecylon umbellatum
Mercurialis annua
Meriandra strobilifera
Merremia cissoides
Mesua ferrea
Micrococca mercuriali
Micromeria biflora
Mikania micrantha
Millettia pinnata
Mimosa polyancistra
Mimosa pudica
Mitragyna parvifolia
Modiola caroliniana
Momordica charantia
Momordica cochinchinensis
Morinda citrifolia
Morinda pubescens
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Muehlenbeckia platyclada
Muehlenbeckia platyclados
Muntingia calabura
Murdannia nudiflora
Murraya koenigii
Muscari neglectum
Myriactis nepalensis
Myristica fragrans
Myrtus communis
Naravelia zeylanica
Nardostachys grandiflora
Nardostachys jatamansi
Naringi crenulata
Nasturtium officinale
Nelumbo nucifera
Neolamarckia cadamba
Nepeta laevigata
Nerium indicum
Nerium oleander
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana tabacum
Nigella sativa
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Nymphaea nouchali
Nymphaea pubescens
Nymphoides indica
Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum gratissimum
Ocimum kilimandscharicum
Ocimum sanctum
Oldenlandia umbellata
Ononis natrix
Ononis repens
Ononis spinosa
Operculina turpethum
Origanum majorana
Oroxylum indicum
Osteospermum ecklonis
Others
Oxyria digyna
Pachygone ovata
Pachyrhizus erosus
Paederia foetida
Pandanus tectorius
Papaver somniferum
Passiflora caerulea
Passiflora vitifolia
Pavetta indica
Pentapetes phoenicea
Pentas lanceolata
Peperomia argyreia
Peperomia heyneana
Peperomia pellucida
Peperomia sandersii
Peperomia tetraphylla
Perilla frutescens
Persicaria amplexicaulis
Persicaria barbata
Persicaria capitata
Persicaria glabra
Persicaria nepalensis
Phalaenopsis taenialis
Phaulopsis dorsiflora
Philodendron bipinnatifidum
Phlomis bracteosa
Phlomoides bracteosa
Phyllanthus acidus
Phyllanthus amarus
Phyllanthus fraternus
Phyllanthus lawii
Phyllanthus rotundifolius
Physalis grisea
Physalis peruviana
Picrorhiza kurroa
Pilea microphylla
Pimpinella anisum
Piper betle
Piper longum
Piper nigrum
Pisonia aculeata
Pistia stratiotes
Pisum sativum
Plantago orbignyana
Plantago ovata
Platanthera edgeworthii
Platostoma elongatum
Plectranthus barbatus
Plectranthus scutellarioides
Plumbago auriculata
Plumbago capensis
Plumbago zeylanica
Plumeria rubra
Podranea ricasoliana
Polemonium caeruleum
Polygala crotalarioides
Polygala persicariifolia
Polygonatum cirrhifolium
Polygonatum verticillatum
Polygonum amplexicaule
Polygonum barbatum
Polygonum recumbens
Pongamia pinnata
Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca umbraticola
Portulacaria afra
Potentilla fruticosa
Potentilla supina
Premna corymbosa
Premna tomentosa
Primula denticulata
Primula floribunda
Primula vulgaris
Prunus Amygdalus
Prunus dulcis
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii
Pseudobombax ellipticum
Pseudocaryopteris foetida
Psidium guajava
Psidium guineense
Pterocarpus santalinus
Pterospermum acerifolium
Pterospermum lanceifolium
Pterygota alata
Pulicaria dysenterica
Punica granatum
Putranjiva roxburghii
Pyrostegia venusta
Quisqualis indica
Ranunculus arvensis
Ranunculus laetus
Ranunculus sceleratus
Raphanus sativus
Rauvolfia serpentina
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
Reinwardtia indica
Rhamphicarpa fistulosa
Rhodiola trifida
Rhodiola wallichiana
Rhododendron arboreum
Rhynchosia heynei
Rhynchosia himalensis
Rhynchosia viscosa
Ricinus communis
Rorippa indica
Roscoea purpurea
Rosmarinus officinalis
Ruellia patula
Ruellia prostrata
Ruellia tuberosa
Rumex dentatus
Rumex hastatus
Rungia pectinata
Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum spontaneum
Salix denticulata
Salix tetrasperma
Salvadora persica
Salvia involucrata
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Salvia nubicola
Salvia splendens
Sambucus canadensis
Sambucus mexicana
Sambucus nigra
Santalum album
Sapindus saponaria
Saussurea auriculata
Saussurea candicans
Saussurea obvallata
Scadoxus multiflorus
Scutellaria baicalensis
Scutellaria grossa
Scutellaria repens
Sedum oreades
Semecarpus anacardium
Senna auriculata
Senna occidentalis
Senna siamea
Senna sophera
Sesbania bispinosa
Sesbania grandiflora
Seseli diffusum
Sesuvium portulacastrum
Setaria verticillata
Shorea robusta
Sida cordata
Sida cordifolia
Sida retusa
Sida spinosa
Sideritis hirsuta
Silybum marianum
Smithia ciliata
Solanum chrysotrichum
Solanum erianthum
Solanum jasminoides
Solanum melongena
Solanum nigrum
Solanum sisymbriifolium
Solanum surattense
Solanum torvum
Solanum tuberosum
Solanum villosum
Sonchus oleraceus
Soymida febrifuga
Sphaeranthus amaranthoides
Sphenoclea zeylanica
Spiranthes australis
Spiranthes sinensis
Spondias pinnata
Stellaria media
Stellera chamaejasme
Stephania japonica
Sterculia alata
Sterculia foetida
Sterculia villosa
Stereospermum tetragonum
Stevia rebaudiana
Striga asiatica
Strophanthus boivinii
Strychnos minor
Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnos potatorum
Suaeda maritima
Suregada multiflora
Swertia angustifolia
Swertia bimaculata
Swertia cordata
Swertia paniculata
Swietenia macrophylla
Swietenia mahagoni
Syzygium alternifolium
Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium cumini
Syzygium jambos
Syzygium samarangense
Tabebuia aurea
Tabebuia avellanedae
Talinum portulacifolium
Tamarindus indica
Taxus baccata
Tecoma castanifolia
Tephrosia calophylla
Tephrosia purpurea
Teramnus labialis
Terminalia alata
Terminalia catappa
Terminalia chebula
Terminalia elliptica
Terminalia pallida
Teucrium botrys
Teucrium royleanum
Thalictrum foliolosum
Thespesia populnea
Thunbergia erecta
Thunbergia fragrans
Thunbergia grandiflora
Thymus linearis
Tiliacora acuminata
Tiliacora racemosa
Tinospora cordifolia
Tinospora crispa
Tinospora sinensis
Toona ciliata
Trewia nudiflora
Tribulus terrestris
Trichodesma indicum
Trichosanthes cucumerina
Trichosanthes palmata
Trichosanthes tricuspidata
Trifolium repens
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Triumfetta rhomboidea
Tylophora indica
Uraria picta
Urena lobata
Urena sinuata
Urginea coromandeliana
Vachellia horrida
Valeriana jatamansi
Vanda tessellata
Veronica serpyllifolia
Viburnum coriaceum
Vicia bakeri
Vicia faba
Vicia sativa
Vigna radiata
Vigna unguiculata
Vinca rosea
Viola rupestris
Viscum album
Vitex negundo
Vitis vinifera
Withania somnifera
Wrightia tinctoria
Wulfeniosis amherstiana
Zamia furfuracea
Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus mauritiana
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