Saturday, May 23, 2015
Isodon rugosus, Wrinkled Leaf Isodon, chhichhri, 皱叶香茶菜
Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Isodon plectranthoides Schrad. ex Benth., Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng., Ocimum densiflorum Roth, Plectranthus rugosus Wall. ex Benth., Rabdosia rugosa (Wall. ex Benth.) H.Hara
Common name: Wrinkled Leaf Isodon
Chinese: 皱叶香茶菜
Other names: chhichhadi, chhichhari, chhichhri, chilchhri, chichri, kathal, kurkha, kuthal, pyag, solai-kaath
Description: Shrubs erect, much branched, to 1.5 m tall; branchlets slender, densely stellate tomentose. Stem leaves opposite; petiole 2-10 mm, densely tomentose; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 1-3.5 × 0.5-1.8 cm, papery, rugose, adaxially olive green, densely stellate tomentose, abaxially gray tomentose, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin crenulate, apex obtuse; lateral veins 4- or 5-paired, immersed adaxially, elevated abaxially. Cymes axillary, pedunculate, in stellate tomentose panicles, basal cymes long branched to 21- or more flowered, apical cymes 3-5-flowered; floral leaves slightly longer than cymes, upper ones much shorter, subsessile, ovate. Pedicel 2-3 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, densely stellate tomentose outside; teeth broadly triangular, subequal, minute, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube; fruiting calyx slightly dilated, tubular-campanulate, slightly curved, ca. 3 mm, conspicuously 10-veined. Corolla white, tinged rose, or dark lilac on upper lip, ca. 7 mm, sparsely stellate tomentose outside, glandular, tube ca. 3 mm. Stamens included. Style included. Nutlets dark brown, triquetrous, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Whole plant applied in eye disorders. Leaves decoction in fevers. Antiseptic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, stomachic, tonic, insect repellent, antidiarrheal, febrifuge and antimalarial, used in cases of urine retention. Plants used to keep off fleas. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
8 Published articles of Isodon rugosus
Rosmarinus officinalis, โรสแมรี, マンネンロウ, רוזמרין, Lá hương thảo, Biberiye
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Family: Lamiaceae
- English: rosemary
- Albanian: Rozmarinë
- Amharic: አዜሞሪና
- Arabic: إكليل الجبل (نبات)
- Armenian: Խնկունի
- Azerbaijani: Rozmarin
- Basque: Erromero
- Bengali: রোজমেরি
- Bulgarian: Розмарин
- Catalan: Romanyí
- Chinese: 迷迭香
- Croation: Ružmarin
- Czech: Rozmarýna
- Dutch: Rozemarijn
- Estonian: Harilik rosmariin
- Finnish: Rohtorosmariini
- Hebrew: רוזמרין
- Hindi: गुलमेंहदी
- Hungarian: Rozmaring
- Japanese: マンネンロウ, ローズマリ
- Kannada: ರೋಸ್ಮರಿ
- Korean: 로즈마리, 로즈메리
- Malayalam: റോസ്മേരി
- Maltese: Klin
- Portuguese: Alecrim
- Russian: розмарин
- Spanish: Romero
- Tagalog: Dumero
- Tamil: ரோசுமேரி
- Thai: โรสแมรี
- Turkish: Biberiye
- Ukrainian: Розмарин
- Vietnamese: Lá hương thảo
Plants to 2 m tall. Bark dark gray, irregularly fissured, exfoliating, young branches densely white stellate-tomentulose. Leaves tufted on branches, sessile to short petiolate; leaf blade 1-2.5 cm × 1-2 mm, leathery, adaxially somewhat shiny, subglabrous, abaxially densely white stellate-tomentose, base attenuate, margin entire, revolute, apex obtuse. Calyx ca. 4 mm, densely white stellate tomentose and glandular outside, upper lip subcircular, teeth of lower lip ovate-triangular. Corolla blue-purple, less than 1 cm, sparsely pubescent outside, tube slightly exserted, apex of upper lip 2-lobed, lobes ovate, middle lobe of lower lip constricted at base into claw, lateral lobes oblong. Fl. Nov.
Useful in all nervous affections, in dizziness, fainting, and heart disease; also in asthma and some other chest complaints. In nervous affections it is given with the utmost benefit; headache, fainting, hysteria, and vertigo, are all brought speedily under its influence, and a more favourable condition in the symptoms induced; in these affections, relief from the pain has been produced in some cases by the employment of the infusion as a local application to the seat of the affection. It is with propriety combined with other medicines for coughs, asthma, and chest complaints, as it is found to possess a special adaptation for those affections of a spasmodic character, and involving difficulty of respiration. To secure relief for these symptoms it is frequently smoked through the ordinary tobacco pipe, with satisfactory results, much relief to the respiratory apparatus being obtained from this method of employment. A very good preparation for smoking in affections of the chest and lungs, accompanied with difficulty in respiration and expectoration, is composed of rosemary and coltsfoot leaves in equal quantities, the two ingredients being rubbed together through a coarse sieve, and afterwards mixed. As an emmenagogue, it is seldom employed, although it would appear suitable for combination with this class of medicines where nervous disturbance is present as a consequence of menstrual or uterine disorder. Rosemary is also used in swellings and other local affections of a painful nature, as a fomentation, and, although less suitable for this purpose than many other agents, it is yet capable of producing results of a gratifying nature, and may be resorted to with benefit when it happens to be the most convenient article at hand in an emergency. Rosemary is extensively employed in preparations for the promotion of the growth of hair, entering very largely into the composition of "hair washes," "hair restorers," &c., and is well suited for employment for this purpose, and is perfectly harmless, and where the hair roots remain, will certainly produce a satisfactory growth of hair; besides which it forms an effectual remedy for, and preventive of, scurf and dandruff in the hair, and, as already mentioned, forms an excellent local application for headache and other similar complaints. A formula is subjoined which will be found useful as a wash to strengthen and preserve the hair: Take of rosemary and southernwood, each, half an ounce; camphor, two drachms; boiling water, one pint; infuse for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain when cool. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]
Whole plant infusion sedative, carminative, sudorific, cardiac stimulant, antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, diuretic, digestive, antiseptic, antispasmodic. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Rosemary is one of the most fragrant and pleasing of herbs, enhancing almost any food with which it is used. Rosemary herb (leaves and young shoots) is employed almost entirely for culinary purposes. The herb is marketed fresh, dried, and powdered. Rosemary herb is available in ground form, but is mostly sold whole, since crushing the leaves causes rapid flavor loss. It is used as a seasoning for pickles, jam, stuffings, soups, stews, sausages, sauces, chicken, duck, fish, shellfish, lamb, pork, rabbit, veal, egg dishes, and beverages such as vermouth. It can be added to salads and many vegetable dishes including asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, eggplant, green beans, peas, potatoes, and zucchini. [Culinary Herbs]
Used in Rheumatism, respiratory problems, fever, digestive diseases, liver problems[Rheumatism, respiratory problems, fever, digestive diseases, liver problems]
The fresh and dried leaves are traditionally used throughout the Mediterranean region; they have a bitter, astringent taste, and are highly aromatic, which complements a wide variety of foods. R. officinalis is known for its muscle relaxation effects, including the smooth muscles of the digestive tract and uterus. Because of this property, it is traditionally used to soothe digestive upsets and relieve menstrual cramps. Several studies indicated strong antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. [Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine Traditional System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues]
In traditional medicine, herbalists recommend rosemary oil against pulmonary diseases, as stomachic, antidiarrhoeic, wound healing (poultice), choleretic and colagogenic, antidiabetic, diuretic, antidepressant and antispasmodic . Commercial herbal preparations such as ‘Tinctura rosmarin’, ‘Extractum rosmarini 150’and ‘Oleum rosmarini’ are available. The whole plant, in the form of decoction, infusion, extract in ethanol (for external application) and essential oil, is administered against digestive disorders, vaginitis, leucorrhoea, respiratory diseases, varicose vein, heart pain, inflammation and dizziness by the native people of Mexico and Central America. In Russia and Central Asian Countries of the former Soviet Union, leaves of rosemary preparation (gallenical and powder made into cigarettes) are used to treat asthma. The abortifacient (anti-implantation) effect of rosemary extract is also known. [Handbook of herbs and spices Vol-2]
Rosmarinus officinalis L. are best known as a spice and flavoring agent but they are also reported as a herbal remedy with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antidiuretic, and hepatotoxic protective properties. [Herbal and Traditional Medicine]
Essential oil from flowers and leaves—anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiseptic, stomachic, carminative; used externally in circulatory disorders. Flowering tops and leaves—carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue; vapor baths afford relief in incipient catarrh, rheumatism and muscular affections. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Useful in all nervous affections, in dizziness, fainting, and heart disease; also in asthma and some other chest complaints. In nervous affections it is given with the utmost benefit; headache, fainting, hysteria, and vertigo, are all brought speedily under its influence, and a more favourable condition in the symptoms induced; in these affections, relief from the pain has been produced in some cases by the employment of the infusion as a local application to the seat of the affection. It is with propriety combined with other medicines for coughs, asthma, and chest complaints, as it is found to possess a special adaptation for those affections of a spasmodic character, and involving difficulty of respiration. To secure relief for these symptoms it is frequently smoked through the ordinary tobacco pipe, with satisfactory results, much relief to the respiratory apparatus being obtained from this method of employment. A very good preparation for smoking in affections of the chest and lungs, accompanied with difficulty in respiration and expectoration, is composed of rosemary and coltsfoot leaves in equal quantities, the two ingredients being rubbed together through a coarse sieve, and afterwards mixed. As an emmenagogue, it is seldom employed, although it would appear suitable for combination with this class of medicines where nervous disturbance is present as a consequence of menstrual or uterine disorder. Rosemary is also used in swellings and other local affections of a painful nature, as a fomentation, and, although less suitable for this purpose than many other agents, it is yet capable of producing results of a gratifying nature, and may be resorted to with benefit when it happens to be the most convenient article at hand in an emergency. Rosemary is extensively employed in preparations for the promotion of the growth of hair, entering very largely into the composition of "hair washes," "hair restorers," &c., and is well suited for employment for this purpose, and is perfectly harmless, and where the hair roots remain, will certainly produce a satisfactory growth of hair; besides which it forms an effectual remedy for, and preventive of, scurf and dandruff in the hair, and, as already mentioned, forms an excellent local application for headache and other similar complaints. A formula is subjoined which will be found useful as a wash to strengthen and preserve the hair: Take of rosemary and southernwood, each, half an ounce; camphor, two drachms; boiling water, one pint; infuse for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain when cool. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]
Whole plant infusion sedative, carminative, sudorific, cardiac stimulant, antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, diuretic, digestive, antiseptic, antispasmodic. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Rosemary is one of the most fragrant and pleasing of herbs, enhancing almost any food with which it is used. Rosemary herb (leaves and young shoots) is employed almost entirely for culinary purposes. The herb is marketed fresh, dried, and powdered. Rosemary herb is available in ground form, but is mostly sold whole, since crushing the leaves causes rapid flavor loss. It is used as a seasoning for pickles, jam, stuffings, soups, stews, sausages, sauces, chicken, duck, fish, shellfish, lamb, pork, rabbit, veal, egg dishes, and beverages such as vermouth. It can be added to salads and many vegetable dishes including asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, eggplant, green beans, peas, potatoes, and zucchini. [Culinary Herbs]
Used in Rheumatism, respiratory problems, fever, digestive diseases, liver problems[Rheumatism, respiratory problems, fever, digestive diseases, liver problems]
The fresh and dried leaves are traditionally used throughout the Mediterranean region; they have a bitter, astringent taste, and are highly aromatic, which complements a wide variety of foods. R. officinalis is known for its muscle relaxation effects, including the smooth muscles of the digestive tract and uterus. Because of this property, it is traditionally used to soothe digestive upsets and relieve menstrual cramps. Several studies indicated strong antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. [Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine Traditional System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues]
In traditional medicine, herbalists recommend rosemary oil against pulmonary diseases, as stomachic, antidiarrhoeic, wound healing (poultice), choleretic and colagogenic, antidiabetic, diuretic, antidepressant and antispasmodic . Commercial herbal preparations such as ‘Tinctura rosmarin’, ‘Extractum rosmarini 150’and ‘Oleum rosmarini’ are available. The whole plant, in the form of decoction, infusion, extract in ethanol (for external application) and essential oil, is administered against digestive disorders, vaginitis, leucorrhoea, respiratory diseases, varicose vein, heart pain, inflammation and dizziness by the native people of Mexico and Central America. In Russia and Central Asian Countries of the former Soviet Union, leaves of rosemary preparation (gallenical and powder made into cigarettes) are used to treat asthma. The abortifacient (anti-implantation) effect of rosemary extract is also known. [Handbook of herbs and spices Vol-2]
Rosmarinus officinalis L. are best known as a spice and flavoring agent but they are also reported as a herbal remedy with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antidiuretic, and hepatotoxic protective properties. [Herbal and Traditional Medicine]
Essential oil from flowers and leaves—anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiseptic, stomachic, carminative; used externally in circulatory disorders. Flowering tops and leaves—carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue; vapor baths afford relief in incipient catarrh, rheumatism and muscular affections. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Wednesday, May 20, 2015
Plectranthus barbatus, Pashana bhedi, Forskolin, Indian Coleus, Etiopianliisukka
Plectranthus barbatus Andrews
Family: Lamiaceae
Syninyms: Plectranthus pseudobarbatus J.K.Morton, Plectranthus comosus Sims, Plectranthus coerulescens (Gürke) R.H.Willemse, Plectranthus barbatus var. barbatus, Plectranthus asper (Roth) Spreng., Orthosiphon asperus (Roth) Benth. ex Sweet, Ocimum asperum Roth, Coleus vestitus Baker, Coleus speciosus Baker f., Coleus penzigii Dammann ex Baker, Coleus forsskaolii var. adoensis Briq., Coleus coerulescens Gürke, Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth. ex G.Don, Coleus adolfi-friderici Perkins
Common name: Indian Coleus, forskohlii,
- Arabic: بيدة فورسكول
- Chinese: 毛喉鞘蕊花
- Finnish: Etiopianliisukka
- Gujarati: ગરમર Garmar
- Hindi: Makandi, पत्थरचूर Patharchur, पाषाणभेदी Pashan bhedi
- Malayalam: Panikoorka
- Marathi: Karmelo, माईण Or माईन Mayin, माईनमूळ Mainmul
- Nepali: गन्धे झार Gandhe jhar
- Português: Boldo-de-jardim
- Sanskrit: पाषाणभेदी Pashanabhedi, बालकः Balakah
- Telugu: పాషాణ భేది Pashana bhedi
Desctiption: Pubescent herbs. Leaves to 8 x 4 cm, ovate, elliptic, apex obtuse, base cuneate, crenate, pubescent; petiole to 3 cm. Racemes terminal, to 20 cm long; bracts 4 mm, broadly ovate, acuminate, ciliate; calyx inside with a ring of hairs upper lip 4 mm, ovate, acuminate, lower 4 toothed, 2 mm, all ciliate; corolla tube 6 mm, lower lip broadly ovate, 6 mm, violet; staminal sheath to 4 mm; style 1.5 cm, bifid.
Used in Ayurveda. Root extract for lowering blood pressure. Roots and leaves antiseptic, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, stomachic, tonic, cooling, insect repellent, antidiarrheal, febrifuge and antimalarial, used for muscular pains. Leaves purgative, stomachic, for stomachache, measles, fevers; leaves ground with black peppers and the paste given to children with diarrhea. Veterinary medicine, roots given to buffaloes for lactation. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Root and leaf—spasmolytic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, lipolytic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Used in Ayurveda. Root extract for lowering blood pressure. Roots and leaves antiseptic, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, stomachic, tonic, cooling, insect repellent, antidiarrheal, febrifuge and antimalarial, used for muscular pains. Leaves purgative, stomachic, for stomachache, measles, fevers; leaves ground with black peppers and the paste given to children with diarrhea. Veterinary medicine, roots given to buffaloes for lactation. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Root and leaf—spasmolytic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, lipolytic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
42 Published articles of Plectranthus barbatus
Monday, May 18, 2015
Sapindus saponaria, Wingleaf Soapberry, Fruta-de-sabão, Мыльное дерево настоящее
Sapindus saponaria L.
Family: Sapindaceae
Synonyms: Sapindus abruptus Lour., Sapindus alatus Salisb., Sapindus forsythii DC., Sapindus inaequalis DC., Sapindus indica Poir., Sapindus microcarpus Jard., Sapindus peruvianus Walp., Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walper, Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walper, Sapindus rigidus Mill., Sapindus saponaria f. genuinus Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. inaequalis (DC.) Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. saponaria, Sapindus stenopterus DC., Sapindus thurstonii Rock, Sapindus turczaninowii Vidal
Common name: Wingleaf Soapberry
Chinese: 木患子
French: Savonnier saponaire
Malayalam: പശക്കൊട്ട
Português: Fruta-de-sabão
Russian: Мыльное дерево настоящее
79 Published articles of Sapindus saponaria
Family: Sapindaceae
Synonyms: Sapindus abruptus Lour., Sapindus alatus Salisb., Sapindus forsythii DC., Sapindus inaequalis DC., Sapindus indica Poir., Sapindus microcarpus Jard., Sapindus peruvianus Walp., Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walper, Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walper, Sapindus rigidus Mill., Sapindus saponaria f. genuinus Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. inaequalis (DC.) Radlk., Sapindus saponaria var. saponaria, Sapindus stenopterus DC., Sapindus thurstonii Rock, Sapindus turczaninowii Vidal
Common name: Wingleaf Soapberry
Chinese: 木患子
French: Savonnier saponaire
Malayalam: പശക്കൊട്ട
Português: Fruta-de-sabão
Russian: Мыльное дерево настоящее
Description: Trees, deciduous, to 20 m tall. Bark grayish brown or blackish brown; young branches green, glabrous. Leaves with petiole 25-45 cm or longer, axis slightly flat, grooved adaxially, glabrous or pilosulose; leaflets 5-8 pairs, usually subopposite; petiolule ca. 5 mm; blades adaxially shiny, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or slightly falcate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or pilosulose, lateral veins 15-17 pairs, nearly parallel, dense, slender, base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, conical. Flowers actinomorphic, small. Pedicels very short. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, larger ones ca. 2 mm, abaxially pilose at base. Petals 5, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially villous at base or subglabrous, long clawed; scales 2, earlike, at base adaxially. Disk acetabuliform, glabrous. Stamens 8, exserted; filaments ca. 3.5 mm, densely villous below middle. Ovary glabrous. Fertile schizocarps orange, black when dry, subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Fl. spring, fr. summer-autumn.
Used in Ayurveda. Poisonous. Fruit expectorant, used in epilepsy; unripe fruits ground and taken with honey in gout; rind of fruit made into a paste applied to eyes to cure jaundice; ash from the burnt fruit pericarp given with warm water in piles; roasted and ground mixture of fruit pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi and bark powder of Acacia catechu given to cure piles; Caesalpinia crista young fruits decoction with seeds of Sapindus mukorossi given in tuberculosis, malaria, fevers. Dry powdered seeds given with hot water in leprosy; seeds made into a paste with water applied on skin diseases. Flower used for conjunctivitis and eye diseases. Fruits, fruit bark, for fish poison. Ritual, rosaries made of seeds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Root: tonic, hemostatic. Fruit: toxic, narcotic, soporific, for epilepsy Seed: astringent [Medicinal Flora of Argentine]
Root and Stem: Root and stem-bark for tonic astringents and bitters. Fruit: Contains an emulsifying saponin (hederagenine) and thus used in French Guiana as a soap, and for shampooing the hair. Diuretic. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]
Used in Ayurveda. Poisonous. Fruit expectorant, used in epilepsy; unripe fruits ground and taken with honey in gout; rind of fruit made into a paste applied to eyes to cure jaundice; ash from the burnt fruit pericarp given with warm water in piles; roasted and ground mixture of fruit pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi and bark powder of Acacia catechu given to cure piles; Caesalpinia crista young fruits decoction with seeds of Sapindus mukorossi given in tuberculosis, malaria, fevers. Dry powdered seeds given with hot water in leprosy; seeds made into a paste with water applied on skin diseases. Flower used for conjunctivitis and eye diseases. Fruits, fruit bark, for fish poison. Ritual, rosaries made of seeds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Root: tonic, hemostatic. Fruit: toxic, narcotic, soporific, for epilepsy Seed: astringent [Medicinal Flora of Argentine]
Root and Stem: Root and stem-bark for tonic astringents and bitters. Fruit: Contains an emulsifying saponin (hederagenine) and thus used in French Guiana as a soap, and for shampooing the hair. Diuretic. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]
79 Published articles of Sapindus saponaria
Micrococca mercuriali, Kunukku-thooki
Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Tragia mercurialis L., Microstachys mercurialis (L.) Dalzell & A.Gibson, Mercurialis alternifolia Lam., Mercurialis abyssinica Hochst. ex Pax & K.Hoffn., Claoxylon mercurialis (L.) Thwaites, Claoxylon mercuriale (L.) Thwaites
Malayalam: Kunukku-thooki
Description: Erect or procumbent annual herb up to c. 50 cm tall. Leaves alternate, elliptic-ovate, 2-7 cm long, pale green, often purple-tinged, with 4-7 pairs of ascending lateral veins ending at the margin; margin scalloped. Inflorescences up to 7.5 cm long, axillary, spike-like, containing male and female flowers. Flowers greenish-yellow with a purplish disk. Fruit ovoid-subspherical, 3-lobed, up to 3 × 5.5 mm, with sparse bristly hairs, bluish-green, drying to dark purple.
Plant used to treat fever in children; plant sap instilled into nose, eyes or ears to treat headache and otitis [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
8 Published articles of Micrococca mercurialis
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Tragia mercurialis L., Microstachys mercurialis (L.) Dalzell & A.Gibson, Mercurialis alternifolia Lam., Mercurialis abyssinica Hochst. ex Pax & K.Hoffn., Claoxylon mercurialis (L.) Thwaites, Claoxylon mercuriale (L.) Thwaites
Malayalam: Kunukku-thooki
Description: Erect or procumbent annual herb up to c. 50 cm tall. Leaves alternate, elliptic-ovate, 2-7 cm long, pale green, often purple-tinged, with 4-7 pairs of ascending lateral veins ending at the margin; margin scalloped. Inflorescences up to 7.5 cm long, axillary, spike-like, containing male and female flowers. Flowers greenish-yellow with a purplish disk. Fruit ovoid-subspherical, 3-lobed, up to 3 × 5.5 mm, with sparse bristly hairs, bluish-green, drying to dark purple.
Plant used to treat fever in children; plant sap instilled into nose, eyes or ears to treat headache and otitis [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
8 Published articles of Micrococca mercurialis
Sunday, May 17, 2015
Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Porter-bush
Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.Bip.
Family: Compositae
English: Porter-bush
Description: Annual herbs; stem glabrescent. Leaves 2.5-5.5 x 2-3.5 cm, ovate or ovate-oblong, base cuneate, sometimes oblique, apex acute or subobtuse, pubescent on both surfaces, 3-nerved from base; petiole to 1 cm long. Heads 6-12-flowered, axillary, homogamous, non-rayed; peduncle 0.2-1 cm long, erect at first, becomes curved in fruit. Involucral bracts in 2 series, outer leafy, 5-8 x 2-3 mm. Flowers bisexual. Corolla yellow, tubular, 3-4 mm long, 5-lobed. Anthers sagittate at base. Achenes 3-3.5 mm long, obovoid, slightly angled, tubercled, finely pubescent.
Whole plant decoction taken with stout or ale to enhance the production of milk in lactating/nursing mothers, also taken for high blood pressure. Leaf paste applied on cuts and wounds, warmed and applied in rheumatic pain. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Whole plant: Decoction is drunk with stout or ale to enhance milk production by lactating and nursing mothers; for high blood pressure. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]
Family: Compositae
English: Porter-bush
Synonyms:
Eleutheranthera areolata Klatt, Eleutheranthera discoidea (Less. ex
Less.) M.Gómez, Eleutheranthera ovalifolia Baill., Eleutheranthera ovata
Poit. ex Steud., Eleutheranthera prostrata var. leiocarpa (Cass.)
Hochr., Eleutheranthera prostrata var. portoriccensis (DC.) Hochr.,
Eleutheranthera ruderalis var. radiata Pruski, Eleutheranthera ruderalis
var. ruderalis, Gymnopsis microcephala Gardner, Kegelia ramossisima
Sch.Bip., Melampodium ruderale Sw., Melampodium ruderalis Sw., Ogiera
eleuthranthera Steud., Ogiera leiocarpa Cass., Ogiera ruderalis (Sw.)
Griseb., Ogiera triplinervis Cass., Ogiera triplinervis var. leiocarpa
(Cass.) DC., Ogiera triplinervis var. portoriccensis DC., Ogiera
triplinervis var. triplinervis, Verbesina foliacea Spreng., Wedelia
discoidea Less., Wedelia discoidea Schltdl., Wedelia eclipta Reich.
Description: Annual herbs; stem glabrescent. Leaves 2.5-5.5 x 2-3.5 cm, ovate or ovate-oblong, base cuneate, sometimes oblique, apex acute or subobtuse, pubescent on both surfaces, 3-nerved from base; petiole to 1 cm long. Heads 6-12-flowered, axillary, homogamous, non-rayed; peduncle 0.2-1 cm long, erect at first, becomes curved in fruit. Involucral bracts in 2 series, outer leafy, 5-8 x 2-3 mm. Flowers bisexual. Corolla yellow, tubular, 3-4 mm long, 5-lobed. Anthers sagittate at base. Achenes 3-3.5 mm long, obovoid, slightly angled, tubercled, finely pubescent.
Whole plant decoction taken with stout or ale to enhance the production of milk in lactating/nursing mothers, also taken for high blood pressure. Leaf paste applied on cuts and wounds, warmed and applied in rheumatic pain. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
5 Published articles of Eleutheranthera ruderalis
Scutellaria repens, Creeping Skullcap, Prostrate Skullcap
Scutellaria repens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Family: Lamiaceae
Common name: Creeping Skullcap, Prostrate Skullcap
3 Published articles of Scutellaria repens
Family: Lamiaceae
Common name: Creeping Skullcap, Prostrate Skullcap
3 Published articles of Scutellaria repens
Salvia involucrata, Rosebud Sage, trolltopp
Salvia involucrata Cav.
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Belospis laevigata (Kunth) Raf., Salvia bethellii auct., Salvia laevigata Kunth, Salvia palafoxiana Sessé & Moc., Salvia ventricosa Sessé & Moc.
English: Rosebud Sage, Roseleaf Sag
Swedish: trolltopp
1. SALVIA INVOLUCRATA Lamiaceae
Wood, John R. I.; Pink, Lynsey
Curtis's Botanical Magazine Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Pages: 106-118 Published: JUN 2014
2. Solution useful for e.g. restoring hair and preventing hair loss, contains Costus root, Saussurea involucrata, fruit of glossy privet, rhizoma polygonati, fleece flower root, prepared rhizome of Rehmannia and Salvia miltiorrhiza
Patent Number: CN103705728-A
Patent Assignee: HENAN MENGXITANG PHARM CO LTD
Inventor(s): GUO X; GUO Z.
3. Rejuvenation cream comprises aloe vera, honey, olive oil, vitamin E, sweet almond oil, ginseng, Ganoderma, Cordyceps sinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Saussurea involucrata and Ligusticum wallichii rhizome
Patent Number: CN103536519-A
Patent Assignee: GUILIN XUEFULIAN DAILY CHEM CO LTD
Inventor(s): CAI X; MO J; QIN H; et al.
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Belospis laevigata (Kunth) Raf., Salvia bethellii auct., Salvia laevigata Kunth, Salvia palafoxiana Sessé & Moc., Salvia ventricosa Sessé & Moc.
English: Rosebud Sage, Roseleaf Sag
Swedish: trolltopp
1. SALVIA INVOLUCRATA Lamiaceae
Wood, John R. I.; Pink, Lynsey
Curtis's Botanical Magazine Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Pages: 106-118 Published: JUN 2014
2. Solution useful for e.g. restoring hair and preventing hair loss, contains Costus root, Saussurea involucrata, fruit of glossy privet, rhizoma polygonati, fleece flower root, prepared rhizome of Rehmannia and Salvia miltiorrhiza
Patent Number: CN103705728-A
Patent Assignee: HENAN MENGXITANG PHARM CO LTD
Inventor(s): GUO X; GUO Z.
3. Rejuvenation cream comprises aloe vera, honey, olive oil, vitamin E, sweet almond oil, ginseng, Ganoderma, Cordyceps sinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Saussurea involucrata and Ligusticum wallichii rhizome
Patent Number: CN103536519-A
Patent Assignee: GUILIN XUEFULIAN DAILY CHEM CO LTD
Inventor(s): CAI X; MO J; QIN H; et al.
Saturday, May 16, 2015
Hyptis suaveolens, Vilaiti Tulsi, Pignut, Bhustrna, sělaséh hutan
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Ballota suaveolens L., Bystropogon graveolens Blume, Bystropogon suaveolens (L.) L'Hér., Gnoteris cordata Raf., Gnoteris villosa Raf., Hyptis congesta Leonard, Hyptis ebracteata R.Br., Hyptis graveolens Schrank, Hyptis plumieri Poit., Marrubium indicum Blanco, Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Schaueria graveolens (Blume) Hassk., Schaueria suaveolens (L.) Hassk.
- English: pignut
- Akan: brong peeah
- Bengali: বিলাতি তুলস Bilatti Tulas
- Chinese: 山薄荷
- French: Hyptide parfumé
- Hindi: विलायती तुलसी Vilaiti Tulsi
- Malay: sělaséh hutan
- Malayalam: Nattapoochedi, നരിപ്പൂച്ചി
- Marathi: जंगली तुळस Jungli Tulas, भुस्त्रैण Bhustrena
- Oriya: Ganga Tulasi
- Portuguese: mentrasto do grande
- Sanskrit: भुस्त्रैण Bhustrna
- Sudanese: babadotan
- Tagalog: kablíng kabáyo
- Telugu: శీర్ణ తులసి Sirna Tulasi, మహాబీర Mahabeera, గబ్బురొట్ట Gabbu rotta, పిచ్చిరొట్ట Pichirotta
Description: Shrubs, to 1.5 m high; stem obtusely 4-angular, thinly hairy. Leaves ovate, acute, hispid below, glabrate above; petiole to 5 cm long. Flowers in clusters of 1-12; calyx tube 8 mm long, tubular, 10-ribbed, glandular hairy, teeth spinulose, 4 mm long; corolla 5 mm long, lobes short, glabrous inside, blue. Nutlets 4 x 2.5 mm, compressed, with a ridge on dorsal surface, pubescent, deep brown, mucilaginous when wet.
Entire plant for headache, convulsions, migraine, catarrh and skin complaints; essential oil a remedy for toothache, also applied on forehead for headache. Root extract given for hematuria. Bark for diarrhea and dysentery. Stems with leaves, decoction, for coughs, asthma and respiratory infections, skin diseases, colds; honey collection, the smoke from the dry sticks along with fresh leaves so the honeybees do not bite when collecting the honey. Leaves decoction for stomachache or indigestion; leaves crushed and applied for sprain and swellings; in convulsions, child bathed with mixture of mother’s urine and crushed leaves; leaf extract or juice applied on measles; infusions stimulant, depurative, carminative, febrifuge, for colds, flu, fever, yellow fever, malaria, constipation; squeezed leaves for boils, eczema, cuts and wounds, as antiseptic healer; leaves juice insect repellent against mosquitoes; leaves spread on the cot to ward off bed bugs. Seeds soaked in water applied on wounds allowing pus to flow out; blackish seeds soaked in a glass of milk and taken for spermatorrhea. Dried aromatic leaves used in smoking in cattle sheds to repel flies and mosquitoes. Medico-religious beliefs. Veterinary medicine, insecticide, plants kept on eggs on which hen is sitting for incubation, plants kept in the cages to protect poultry from insect and fungal infestation; leaves for sucking insect from livestock body [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Leaves of the plant and rhizome of Zingiber officinale are crushed together to paste. The paste (half a teaspoon) is taken twice daily to cure dysentery. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]
Carminative, antispasmod- ic, antisoporific, antirheumatic, anticephalalgic, lactagogue. Used in catarrhal and uterine affections, parasitical cutaneous diseases, epistaxis. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Uses: In China, Hyptis suaveolens Poit. is used to combat fever and to invigorate health. In Malaysia, a decoction of 15 g of dried herb is used to combat fever, assuage headache and to promote digestion; the plant is used externally to soothe skin rashes, eczema and to resolve swellings. In the Philippines, the plant is used to stop spasms, treat rheumatism, promote menses as well as to invigorate health. A decoction of the plant is used to assuage stomachache and to treat dysentery. In Taiwan, the aerial parts are used to assuage pain and skin discomfort, whereas in Vietnam, the plant is used to increase milk secretion. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
It is used in Africa for stomach-ache and colic, headaches, fever and as a general beverage. The principle constituent of the essential oil is menthol. [Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
243 Published articles of Hyptis suaveolensLeaves of the plant and rhizome of Zingiber officinale are crushed together to paste. The paste (half a teaspoon) is taken twice daily to cure dysentery. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]
Carminative, antispasmod- ic, antisoporific, antirheumatic, anticephalalgic, lactagogue. Used in catarrhal and uterine affections, parasitical cutaneous diseases, epistaxis. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Uses: In China, Hyptis suaveolens Poit. is used to combat fever and to invigorate health. In Malaysia, a decoction of 15 g of dried herb is used to combat fever, assuage headache and to promote digestion; the plant is used externally to soothe skin rashes, eczema and to resolve swellings. In the Philippines, the plant is used to stop spasms, treat rheumatism, promote menses as well as to invigorate health. A decoction of the plant is used to assuage stomachache and to treat dysentery. In Taiwan, the aerial parts are used to assuage pain and skin discomfort, whereas in Vietnam, the plant is used to increase milk secretion. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
It is used in Africa for stomach-ache and colic, headaches, fever and as a general beverage. The principle constituent of the essential oil is menthol. [Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
Friday, May 15, 2015
Micromeria biflora, Indian Wild Thyme, Lemon Savory, Ban Ajwain
Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth.
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Clinopodium biflorum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze, Micromeria biflora var. indica Elly Walther & K.H.Walther, Satureja biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Briq., Thymus biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Common names: Indian Wild Thyme, Lemon Savory
Chinese: 小姜草
Hindi: बन अजवाइन Ban Ajwain
Nepali: पिनासे झार Pinaase Jhaar
10 Published articles of Micromeria biflora
Family: Lamiaceae
Synonyms: Clinopodium biflorum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze, Micromeria biflora var. indica Elly Walther & K.H.Walther, Satureja biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Briq., Thymus biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Common names: Indian Wild Thyme, Lemon Savory
Chinese: 小姜草
Hindi: बन अजवाइन Ban Ajwain
Nepali: पिनासे झार Pinaase Jhaar
Description: Subshrubs tufted, aromatic. Stems numerous, ascending, to 30 cm, subterete, slender, densely ± patent white pilose and pubescent, red-purple. Petiole 0.1-0.5 mm; leaf blade ovate, 4-5 × 2.5-3 mm, conspicuously golden yellow glandular, sparsely puberulent on midrib, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin flat or recurved, entire, apex acute. Verticillasters 1- or 2(-5)-flowered, pedunculate; peduncle 1-2 mm; bracts and bracteoles subequal, linear-subulate, ca. 1.5 mm, ciliate. Pedicel 2-3 mm, secund, red. Calyx short tubular, 2-lipped, to 4 mm, veins puberulent, throat pilose, 13-veined, ciliate; posterior teeth narrowly triangular, ca. 1.5 mm, apex long acuminate; anterior teeth subulate, ca. 2 mm, apex spinescent. Corolla rose, ca. 6 mm, sparsely puberulent, tube ca. 4 mm; upper lip elliptic, ca. 2 mm; lower lip ca. 2.5 mm, lobes subequal or middle larger. Anterior stamens nearly included. Ovary yellow-brown, glabrous. Nutlets brown, oblong, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug
Paste of the roots antiseptic, for infections, boils. Leaves juice aromatic and carminative, in stomachache. Veterinary medicine, plant paste used in worm-infested wounds in cattle. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
10 Published articles of Micromeria biflora
Meriandra strobilifera
Meriandra strobilifera Benth.
Family: Lamiaceae
An erect strongly-scented tomentose shrub, 2-5ft. Branches obscurely angled. Leaves coriaceous, thick, shortly stalked, oblong or lanceolate. 2-4 by f-ljin., crenate, base prolonged downwards in 2 pointed lobes ; upper surface pubescent, closely w r rinkled ; lower white tomentose. Flowers small white in large whorls crowded in erect tomentose, 4-sided, often paniculate spikes; spikes with woody bracts in fruit (Kanjilal) ; floral leaves small, bract-like sessile ovate, overlapping. Calyx tubular-ovoid, 2-lipped ; upper lip concave, entire, lower 2-toothed. Corolla-tube as long as the Calyx. Stamens 2, anthers protruding (Collett). Nutlets obovoid, smooth brown. [Indian Medicinal Plants, Part-II (1918)]
Family: Lamiaceae
An erect strongly-scented tomentose shrub, 2-5ft. Branches obscurely angled. Leaves coriaceous, thick, shortly stalked, oblong or lanceolate. 2-4 by f-ljin., crenate, base prolonged downwards in 2 pointed lobes ; upper surface pubescent, closely w r rinkled ; lower white tomentose. Flowers small white in large whorls crowded in erect tomentose, 4-sided, often paniculate spikes; spikes with woody bracts in fruit (Kanjilal) ; floral leaves small, bract-like sessile ovate, overlapping. Calyx tubular-ovoid, 2-lipped ; upper lip concave, entire, lower 2-toothed. Corolla-tube as long as the Calyx. Stamens 2, anthers protruding (Collett). Nutlets obovoid, smooth brown. [Indian Medicinal Plants, Part-II (1918)]
Thursday, May 7, 2015
Cardamine hirsuta, Hairy Bitter Cress, ミチタネツケバナ
Cardamine hirsuta L.
Family: Brassicaceae
Synonyms: Arabis heterophylla G.Forst. ex DC., Cardamine africana subsp. borbonica (Bojer) O.E. Schulz, Cardamine angulata Regel, Cardamine borbonica Bojer, Cardamine fagetina Schur, Cardamine humilis Kit., Cardamine micrantha Spenn., Cardamine multicaulis Hoppe ex Schur, Cardamine parviflora Suter, Cardamine praecox Pall. ex Ledeb., Cardamine scutata var. formosana (Hayata) T.S.Liu & S.S.Ying, Cardamine scutata var. rotundiloba (Hayata) T.S.Liu & S.S.Ying, Cardamine simensis Hochst. ex Oliv., Cardamine tenella E.D.Clarke, Cardamine tetrandra Hegetschw., Cardamine umbrosa Andrz. ex DC., Cardamine virginica Michx., Crucifera cardamine E.H.L.Krause, Ghinia hirsuta (L.) Bubani, Ghinia sylvatica Bubani
Common name: Hairy Bitter Cress, Lamb's Cress, Land Cress, Hoary Bitter Cress
Arabic: حرف زغبي
Azerbaijani: Kələkötür ürəkotu
Chinese: 碎米荠
Dutch: Kleine veldkers
Estonian: Kare jürilill
Finnish: Mäkilitukka
French: Cardamine hérissée, Cresson de muraille
German: Behaartes Schaumkraut
Italian: Billeri primaticcio
Japanese: ミチタネツケバナ
Manipuri: উচী হংগাম Uchi hangam
Polish: Rzeżucha włochata
Swedish: Bergbräsma
Welsh: Berwr chwerw blewog
Description: Annual herb, 10-30 cm tall, erect, often with a basal rosette of leaves only and a slender tap root. Basal leaves 2-7-jugate, 2-10 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, glabrous or hairy with simple hairs; leaflets ovate-orbicular, except the terminal one which is slightly larger and subreniform, shortly stalked, subsessile to sessile, very variable in size, subentire to irregularly few lobulate and toothed, usually 6-10 mm in diam. Racemes 10-30-flowered, up to 10 cm long in fruit. Sepals 2-2.5 mm long. Petals c. 3 mm long, usually not or hardly exceeding the sepals (very rarely suppressed). Stamens 6, rarely 4 (the outer 2 abortive ), c. 2: 2.5 mm long. Siliquae linear, compressed, 15-25 mm long, 1 mm broad, straight, glabrous ; valves smooth with a faint mid-vein; style almost absent to 0.5 mm long with a capitate stigma; septum not veined; seeds many, c. 1 mm long.
Uses: In Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, Cardamine hirsuta L. is used to stop dysentery and to treat eye trouble. Note that the leaves are eaten in salads. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
Monday, May 4, 2015
Datura stramonium, thorn apple, Ummetta, Στραμώνιο
Datura stramonium L.
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Datura bernhardii Lundstr., Datura bertolonii Parl. ex Guss., Datura cabanesii P.Fourn., Datura capensis Bernh., Datura ferocissima Cabanès & P.Fourn., Datura ferox Nees, Datura hybrida Ten., Datura inermis Juss. ex Jacq., Datura laevis L.f., Datura loricata Sieber ex Bernh., Datura lurida Salisb., Datura microcarpa Godr., Datura muricata Godr., Datura parviflora Salisb., Datura praecox Godr., Datura pseudostramonium Sieber ex Bernh., Datura stramonium var. canescens Roxb., Datura stramonium var. chalybaea W.D.J.Koch, Datura stramonium f. godronii (Danert) Geerinck & Walravens, Datura stramonium var. gordonii Danert, Datura stramonium f. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Hupke, Datura stramonium var. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Fernald, Datura stramonium var. stramonium, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Decne., Datura stramonium f. tatula (L.) B.Boivin, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr., Datura tatula L., Datura wallichii Dunal, Stramonium foetidum Scop., Stramonium laeve Moench, Stramonium spinosum Lam., Stramonium tatula Moench, Stramonium vulgare Moench, Stramonium vulgatum Gaertn.
Common name: Jimson weed, thorn apple, Jamestown-weed, Devil's apple
Arabic: سم الفار(سِم الفار)، نفير (نِفير) , داتوره، تاتوره
Bulgarian: Татул
Chinese: 醉心花
Finnish: Okahulluruoho
French: Stramoine, Herbe à la taupe, Stramoine commune
German: Stechapfel
Greek: Στραμώνιο
Italian: Stramonio comune
Kannada: ಉಮ್ಮತ್ತಿ
Latin: Folia Stramonii
Malayalam: Ummam, ഉമ്മം
Polish: Bieluń dziędzierzawa
Romanian: ciumafaie
Russian: durman obyknovennyj, дурман обыкновенный
Spanish: estramonio
Swedish: spikklubba
Tamil: ஊமத்தம் Umattam
Telugu: Ummetta ఉమ్మెత్త
Thai: ลำโพงม่วง
Vietnamese: Cà độc dược lùn
253 Published articles of Datura stramonium
Family: Solanaceae
Synonyms: Datura bernhardii Lundstr., Datura bertolonii Parl. ex Guss., Datura cabanesii P.Fourn., Datura capensis Bernh., Datura ferocissima Cabanès & P.Fourn., Datura ferox Nees, Datura hybrida Ten., Datura inermis Juss. ex Jacq., Datura laevis L.f., Datura loricata Sieber ex Bernh., Datura lurida Salisb., Datura microcarpa Godr., Datura muricata Godr., Datura parviflora Salisb., Datura praecox Godr., Datura pseudostramonium Sieber ex Bernh., Datura stramonium var. canescens Roxb., Datura stramonium var. chalybaea W.D.J.Koch, Datura stramonium f. godronii (Danert) Geerinck & Walravens, Datura stramonium var. gordonii Danert, Datura stramonium f. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Hupke, Datura stramonium var. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Fernald, Datura stramonium var. stramonium, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Decne., Datura stramonium f. tatula (L.) B.Boivin, Datura stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr., Datura tatula L., Datura wallichii Dunal, Stramonium foetidum Scop., Stramonium laeve Moench, Stramonium spinosum Lam., Stramonium tatula Moench, Stramonium vulgare Moench, Stramonium vulgatum Gaertn.
Common name: Jimson weed, thorn apple, Jamestown-weed, Devil's apple
Arabic: سم الفار(سِم الفار)، نفير (نِفير) , داتوره، تاتوره
Bulgarian: Татул
Chinese: 醉心花
Finnish: Okahulluruoho
French: Stramoine, Herbe à la taupe, Stramoine commune
German: Stechapfel
Greek: Στραμώνιο
Italian: Stramonio comune
Kannada: ಉಮ್ಮತ್ತಿ
Latin: Folia Stramonii
Malayalam: Ummam, ഉമ്മം
Polish: Bieluń dziędzierzawa
Romanian: ciumafaie
Russian: durman obyknovennyj, дурман обыкновенный
Spanish: estramonio
Swedish: spikklubba
Tamil: ஊமத்தம் Umattam
Telugu: Ummetta ఉమ్మెత్త
Thai: ลำโพงม่วง
Vietnamese: Cà độc dược lùn
Datura stramonium differs in having smaller flowers and tooth-edged leaves, and Datura wrightii in having wider, 5-toothed (instead of 10-toothed) flowers. Datura inoxia differs from D. stramonium, D. metel & D.fastuosa in having about 7 to 10 secondary veins on either side of the midrib of the leaf which anastomose by arches at about 1 to 3 mm. from the margin. No anastomosis of the secondary veins are seen in the other 4 major species of Datura.
Description: Plant 60-120 cm or more tall, branched, pubescent; the branches often purplish. Leaves 8-17 x 4-13 cm, ovate or broadly so, sinuately dentate, minutely puberulose, cuneate. Petiole 2-5 cm long. Calyx 3.5-5.5 cm long, tubular, 5-dentate, puberulous, persistent. Lobes 6-9 mm long, strongly reflexed in fruit, apiculate. Corolla 7-10 cm long, white or purplish suffused; limb up to 8 cm broad. shallowy 5-lobed, with the lobes, ± triangular-acuminate. Anthers ± 5 mm long, with the lobes narrow oblong, usually white. Capsule erect, 3-4 cm long, ovoid, spiny and densely pubescent, splitting by 4 valves; spines up to 5 mm long. Seeds 3 mm long, reniform, reticulate-foveolate, black.
Folk practitioners used the plant for worms. Folk practitioners use the leaves of the plant as a treatment not only for asthma, but also for convulsive cough, pertussis, and other respiratory
problems. The flowers are fragrant but poisonous. It has been smoked as a traditional treatment for asthma in Southern Appalachia. Datura stramonium is now considered a dangerous poisonous plant and should not be taken internally. The PDR for Herbal Medicines does not recommend use
of the plant, due to its toxicity. [African American Slave Medicine : Herbal and Non-herbal Treatments]
Both herb and seed of this plant are used in asthma, especially in the spas medically recurring forms of this disease, in difficulty of respiration, and in chest and lung complaints generally; owing, however, to its possessing strong narcotic property, amounting, indeed, to that of a poison, it is unsafe for employment internally, but all the benefit produced by its employment in the infusion may be derived from it by inhaling the, smoke from the burnt herb; this is done by means of the ordinary tobacco pipe, and is a perfectly safe method of employment; in this way it is used in all chest affections, chronic coughs, excessive expectoration, and to promote expectoration when difficulty is experienced by the hardness of the sputa, in expelling it, and in difficulty of breathing, in all these symptoms very great relief is afforded by its exhibition. Inhalation being in a very numerous class of cases the only means by which the more distressing symptoms of many pulmonary complaints can be met with anything like effectiveness, we have offered, by the means suggested here, one of the most useful agents in procuring the results desired, relief being frequently obtained by means of this process, when by no other has it been possible to secure it. It has been similarly employed in dyspepsia, but, as would appear, with no permanently good result, its action being almost exclusively upon the lungs and respiratory apparatus. An ointment prepared from stramonium has received considerable attention for piles, fistula, abscesses, and suppurating old sores, in which it is employed with great benefit; success has also been said to have followed its employment for pains in the joints and in rheumatic affections, to which cases it is applied with friction For sores requiring a cleansing, and at the same time emollient, application, it is of extreme value. As an external application, stramonium appears to be less used at the present time than formerly. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. High toxicity, whole plant toxic, leaves and seeds are the usual sources of poisoning in humans and other animals; all animals, including pets and poultry, may be affected; even the nectar of this plant contains alkaloids that contaminate honey. Hallucinogenic, narcotic, anesthetic, intoxicating, used for sedating and relieving muscular spasm. Flower juice used in headache. Leaves for asthma, cough, antimicrobial, leaf for skin dis- eases, boils, wounds and sores; leaves heated and tied on the breasts by women for drying out the milk; crushed leaves kept in bed to kill bed-bugs; dry leaves smoked for asthma and sinus infections; chewed to relieve toothache and sore gum; leaves juice applied on forehead in headache. Crushed seeds in mustard oil applied for rheumatism; seeds are fried and the smoke inhaled through the mouth to relieve toothache. Fruits sedative; fruits juice applied to scalp for dandruff and falling hairs [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors, express juice for earache. Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors , express juice for earache. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ]
Spasmolytic, antiasthmatic, anticholinergic, cerebral depressant, nerve-sedative. Controls spasms of bronchioles in asthma. Anticholinergic. Effects of overdose are similar to those of atropine. Temporary relief from Parkinsonian tremor recorded. (Contraindicated with depressant drugs.) Applied locally, stramonium palliates the pain of muscular rheumatism, neuralgia, also pain due to haemorrhoids, fistula, abscesses and similar inflammations. Prevents motion sickness. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
In Burma, the seeds are used to induce narcosis. In China, the flowers are used to assuage pains, treat asthma, bechic, skin troubles, swollen feet, prolapse of the rectum and nervous disorders. The leaves are smoked to treat asthma and to assuage pains. In the Philippines, the plant is used for criminal purposes. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
This species has been widely used since ancient times. Avicenna said that this plant makes you drunk, is too dangerous for the brain, and is the enemy of the heart. Beruni wrote that half a gram of the seeds can make you drunk and 4.2 g can kill you. A decoction of the seeds is used as a gargle for people with tooth- and headaches, as a painkiller and sedative, and to treat fevers, neuralgia, rheumatism, and radiculitis. Oil from the seeds is used to treat hemorrhoids and the leaves are laid over the eyes to treat eye aches. [The Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]
This well-known drug plant is used to some extent in Jamaica for asthma and sinus infections. It palliates the distressing paroxysms of pure spasmodic asthma when smoked. The leaves are rubbed up and applied externally to swellings, burns and ulcers. Similar uses are made of the plant in South Africa. The leaves are also used for headaches, haemorrhoids and running sores. Browne reports that in his day the plant was seldom used internally as its use was accompanied by 'dreadful perturbations of the mind', though it was tben used for scalds and sores. The leaves have a total alkaloid content of 0.2 to 0.6 per cent, the content increasing with the age and size of the leaves. The principle alkaloid is hyoscyamine with smaller quantities of atropine and hyoscine. [ Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
Leaf: Applied with coconut oil on bruises; leaf used for a pain-killer (anodyne) in Surinam. Fruit: Crushed green fruit used to treat pustules of anthracoid erysipelas in French Guiana. Flower: Juice used to treat earache in Surinam. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]
problems. The flowers are fragrant but poisonous. It has been smoked as a traditional treatment for asthma in Southern Appalachia. Datura stramonium is now considered a dangerous poisonous plant and should not be taken internally. The PDR for Herbal Medicines does not recommend use
of the plant, due to its toxicity. [African American Slave Medicine : Herbal and Non-herbal Treatments]
Both herb and seed of this plant are used in asthma, especially in the spas medically recurring forms of this disease, in difficulty of respiration, and in chest and lung complaints generally; owing, however, to its possessing strong narcotic property, amounting, indeed, to that of a poison, it is unsafe for employment internally, but all the benefit produced by its employment in the infusion may be derived from it by inhaling the, smoke from the burnt herb; this is done by means of the ordinary tobacco pipe, and is a perfectly safe method of employment; in this way it is used in all chest affections, chronic coughs, excessive expectoration, and to promote expectoration when difficulty is experienced by the hardness of the sputa, in expelling it, and in difficulty of breathing, in all these symptoms very great relief is afforded by its exhibition. Inhalation being in a very numerous class of cases the only means by which the more distressing symptoms of many pulmonary complaints can be met with anything like effectiveness, we have offered, by the means suggested here, one of the most useful agents in procuring the results desired, relief being frequently obtained by means of this process, when by no other has it been possible to secure it. It has been similarly employed in dyspepsia, but, as would appear, with no permanently good result, its action being almost exclusively upon the lungs and respiratory apparatus. An ointment prepared from stramonium has received considerable attention for piles, fistula, abscesses, and suppurating old sores, in which it is employed with great benefit; success has also been said to have followed its employment for pains in the joints and in rheumatic affections, to which cases it is applied with friction For sores requiring a cleansing, and at the same time emollient, application, it is of extreme value. As an external application, stramonium appears to be less used at the present time than formerly. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]
Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. High toxicity, whole plant toxic, leaves and seeds are the usual sources of poisoning in humans and other animals; all animals, including pets and poultry, may be affected; even the nectar of this plant contains alkaloids that contaminate honey. Hallucinogenic, narcotic, anesthetic, intoxicating, used for sedating and relieving muscular spasm. Flower juice used in headache. Leaves for asthma, cough, antimicrobial, leaf for skin dis- eases, boils, wounds and sores; leaves heated and tied on the breasts by women for drying out the milk; crushed leaves kept in bed to kill bed-bugs; dry leaves smoked for asthma and sinus infections; chewed to relieve toothache and sore gum; leaves juice applied on forehead in headache. Crushed seeds in mustard oil applied for rheumatism; seeds are fried and the smoke inhaled through the mouth to relieve toothache. Fruits sedative; fruits juice applied to scalp for dandruff and falling hairs [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors, express juice for earache. Bolivians use the floral infusion for childbirth fever, delirium tremens, and hysteria. Bulgarians suggest Asmatin, Asmatol, and Datura cigarettes for bronchial asthma. Costa Ricans gargle leaf infusion for sore throat; crushed leaves applied on cancers and sores . Cubans inhale smoke for asthma . Cubans use crushed leaf poultice or decoction on hemorrhoids . Haitians ingest leaf diffusion for itch and pruritus . Haitians use the leaves or seeds for asthma, dementia, dermatosis, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, and sciatica . Indians apply warmed leaves to the breast to reduce lactation and to firm the breast. Mexicans use seed tincture for headache, neuralgia, and rheumatism . Nepalese use flower juice as eardrops for earache . Nepalese use pounded leaves with marijuana and Peruvians and Venezuelans poultice leaves on tumors , express juice for earache. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America ]
Spasmolytic, antiasthmatic, anticholinergic, cerebral depressant, nerve-sedative. Controls spasms of bronchioles in asthma. Anticholinergic. Effects of overdose are similar to those of atropine. Temporary relief from Parkinsonian tremor recorded. (Contraindicated with depressant drugs.) Applied locally, stramonium palliates the pain of muscular rheumatism, neuralgia, also pain due to haemorrhoids, fistula, abscesses and similar inflammations. Prevents motion sickness. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
In Burma, the seeds are used to induce narcosis. In China, the flowers are used to assuage pains, treat asthma, bechic, skin troubles, swollen feet, prolapse of the rectum and nervous disorders. The leaves are smoked to treat asthma and to assuage pains. In the Philippines, the plant is used for criminal purposes. [Medicinal Plants: Drugs For The Future? ]
This species has been widely used since ancient times. Avicenna said that this plant makes you drunk, is too dangerous for the brain, and is the enemy of the heart. Beruni wrote that half a gram of the seeds can make you drunk and 4.2 g can kill you. A decoction of the seeds is used as a gargle for people with tooth- and headaches, as a painkiller and sedative, and to treat fevers, neuralgia, rheumatism, and radiculitis. Oil from the seeds is used to treat hemorrhoids and the leaves are laid over the eyes to treat eye aches. [The Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan]
This well-known drug plant is used to some extent in Jamaica for asthma and sinus infections. It palliates the distressing paroxysms of pure spasmodic asthma when smoked. The leaves are rubbed up and applied externally to swellings, burns and ulcers. Similar uses are made of the plant in South Africa. The leaves are also used for headaches, haemorrhoids and running sores. Browne reports that in his day the plant was seldom used internally as its use was accompanied by 'dreadful perturbations of the mind', though it was tben used for scalds and sores. The leaves have a total alkaloid content of 0.2 to 0.6 per cent, the content increasing with the age and size of the leaves. The principle alkaloid is hyoscyamine with smaller quantities of atropine and hyoscine. [ Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]
Leaf: Applied with coconut oil on bruises; leaf used for a pain-killer (anodyne) in Surinam. Fruit: Crushed green fruit used to treat pustules of anthracoid erysipelas in French Guiana. Flower: Juice used to treat earache in Surinam. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]
Ipomoea alba, Moonflower vine, Mandavalli
Ipomoea alba L.
Family: Convolvulaceae
Synonyms: Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Calonyction aculeatum var. lobatum (Hallier f.) C.Y. Wu, Calonyction album (L.) House, Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, Calonyction bona-nox var. lobatum Hallier f., Calonyction pulcherrimum Parodi, Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Convolvulus aculeatus L., Convolvulus aculeatus var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Convolvulus bona-nox (L.) Spreng., Convolvulus pulcherrimus Vell., Ipomoea aculeata var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Ipomoea aculeata f. bonanox (L.) Voss, Ipomoea bona-nox L.
Common name: Moonflower vine, Moon vine
Hindi: दूधियाकलमी Dudhiakalmi,
Marathi: गुलचांदी Gulchandi
Kannada: Candra pushpa
Tamil: Naganamukkorai
Chinese: 裂叶月光花, 月光花
Dutch: nachtschone
Finnish: Kuuelämänlanka
French: Ipomée blanche
Malayalam: Chandrakanthi, Mandavalli
Spanish: bejuco de puerco, Flor de luna
Used in Sidha. Whole plant purgative, antibacterial, emetic, used in treating snakebite. Dermatitis. Flowers infusion taken as a blood purifier. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
11 Published articles of Ipomoea alba
Family: Convolvulaceae
Synonyms: Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Calonyction aculeatum var. lobatum (Hallier f.) C.Y. Wu, Calonyction album (L.) House, Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, Calonyction bona-nox var. lobatum Hallier f., Calonyction pulcherrimum Parodi, Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Convolvulus aculeatus L., Convolvulus aculeatus var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Convolvulus bona-nox (L.) Spreng., Convolvulus pulcherrimus Vell., Ipomoea aculeata var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, Ipomoea aculeata f. bonanox (L.) Voss, Ipomoea bona-nox L.
Common name: Moonflower vine, Moon vine
Hindi: दूधियाकलमी Dudhiakalmi,
Marathi: गुलचांदी Gulchandi
Kannada: Candra pushpa
Tamil: Naganamukkorai
Chinese: 裂叶月光花, 月光花
Dutch: nachtschone
Finnish: Kuuelämänlanka
French: Ipomée blanche
Malayalam: Chandrakanthi, Mandavalli
Spanish: bejuco de puerco, Flor de luna
Used in Sidha. Whole plant purgative, antibacterial, emetic, used in treating snakebite. Dermatitis. Flowers infusion taken as a blood purifier. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
11 Published articles of Ipomoea alba
Hibiscus hirtus, Nityamalli, Lesser Mallow
Hibiscus hirtus L.
Family: Malvaceae
Common name: Lesser Mallow
Marathi: दुपा Dupari, नरेरी Nareri
Gujarati: Baporis
Bengali: Lal-surgumini
Tamil: நித்யமல்லீ Nityamalli
Telugu: నిత్యమల్లి Nityamalli,
Malayalam: സൂര്യമനീ
Published articles
1. Hibiscus hirtus L. (Malvaceae): A new record for the flora of Madhya Pradesh
By: Tiwari, Arjun Prasad; Shukla, Achuta Nand; Kharma, K. K.
Phytotaxonomy Volume: 12 Pages: 169-170 Published: 2012
2. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus And Hibiscus-talbotii Malvaceae
By: Paul T K; Nayar M P
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 22 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 197-198 Published: 1980
3. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus Malvaceae
By: BOSE R B
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 17 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 163 Published: 1975
Family: Malvaceae
Common name: Lesser Mallow
Marathi: दुपा Dupari, नरेरी Nareri
Gujarati: Baporis
Bengali: Lal-surgumini
Tamil: நித்யமல்லீ Nityamalli
Telugu: నిత్యమల్లి Nityamalli,
Malayalam: സൂര്യമനീ
Description: Herb or undershrubs, 1-1.5 m high; stems erect, pubescent with simple stiff minute stellate hairs.Leaves alternate, lower ones ovate, rounded or cuneate at base, crenate-serrate or irregularly toothed at margin, acute to acuminate at apex, 3-6 x 2-3 cm, 3-5 nerved at base, often with an oblong nectary on midnerve beneath, minutely pubescent with stellate hairs; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, with long stellate and simple hairs; stipules linear, 2-8 mm long, ciliate. Flowers axillary, solitary or seemingly in racemes or panicles by reduction of upper leaves; pedicels longer than petioles, 0.5-2 cm, accrescent to 5 cm, jointed below or above middle, pubescent. Epicalyx lobes 6-9, free, lanceolate to linear or subulate, acute, 3-8 x 0.5-1 mm. Calyx ca 1.5 cm across, 5-fid or parted; lobes divided nearly to base, linear-lanceolate, hairy, persistent. Corolla rotate, pink or white. Petals obovate, 1-1.5 x 0.5-0.8 mm, rounded at apex. Staminal column shorter than or as long as petals. Ovary subglobose, ca 2 mm across; stigmas capitate. Capsules globose, 7-10 mm, shorter than calyx; seeds 2 or 3 in each locule, reniform, ca 2 mm across, densely covered with long wooly hairs
Published articles
1. Hibiscus hirtus L. (Malvaceae): A new record for the flora of Madhya Pradesh
By: Tiwari, Arjun Prasad; Shukla, Achuta Nand; Kharma, K. K.
Phytotaxonomy Volume: 12 Pages: 169-170 Published: 2012
2. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus And Hibiscus-talbotii Malvaceae
By: Paul T K; Nayar M P
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 22 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 197-198 Published: 1980
3. Notes on Hibiscus-hirtus Malvaceae
By: BOSE R B
Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India Volume: 17 Issue: 1-4 Pages: 163 Published: 1975
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Morinda pubescens
Moringa oleifera
Mucuna pruriens
Muehlenbeckia platyclada
Muehlenbeckia platyclados
Muntingia calabura
Murdannia nudiflora
Murraya koenigii
Muscari neglectum
Myriactis nepalensis
Myristica fragrans
Myrtus communis
Naravelia zeylanica
Nardostachys grandiflora
Nardostachys jatamansi
Naringi crenulata
Nasturtium officinale
Nelumbo nucifera
Neolamarckia cadamba
Nepeta laevigata
Nerium indicum
Nerium oleander
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana tabacum
Nigella sativa
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Nymphaea nouchali
Nymphaea pubescens
Nymphoides indica
Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum gratissimum
Ocimum kilimandscharicum
Ocimum sanctum
Oldenlandia umbellata
Ononis natrix
Ononis repens
Ononis spinosa
Operculina turpethum
Origanum majorana
Oroxylum indicum
Osteospermum ecklonis
Others
Oxyria digyna
Pachygone ovata
Pachyrhizus erosus
Paederia foetida
Pandanus tectorius
Papaver somniferum
Passiflora caerulea
Passiflora vitifolia
Pavetta indica
Pentapetes phoenicea
Pentas lanceolata
Peperomia argyreia
Peperomia heyneana
Peperomia pellucida
Peperomia sandersii
Peperomia tetraphylla
Perilla frutescens
Persicaria amplexicaulis
Persicaria barbata
Persicaria capitata
Persicaria glabra
Persicaria nepalensis
Phalaenopsis taenialis
Phaulopsis dorsiflora
Philodendron bipinnatifidum
Phlomis bracteosa
Phlomoides bracteosa
Phyllanthus acidus
Phyllanthus amarus
Phyllanthus fraternus
Phyllanthus lawii
Phyllanthus rotundifolius
Physalis grisea
Physalis peruviana
Picrorhiza kurroa
Pilea microphylla
Pimpinella anisum
Piper betle
Piper longum
Piper nigrum
Pisonia aculeata
Pistia stratiotes
Pisum sativum
Plantago orbignyana
Plantago ovata
Platanthera edgeworthii
Platostoma elongatum
Plectranthus barbatus
Plectranthus scutellarioides
Plumbago auriculata
Plumbago capensis
Plumbago zeylanica
Plumeria rubra
Podranea ricasoliana
Polemonium caeruleum
Polygala crotalarioides
Polygala persicariifolia
Polygonatum cirrhifolium
Polygonatum verticillatum
Polygonum amplexicaule
Polygonum barbatum
Polygonum recumbens
Pongamia pinnata
Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca umbraticola
Portulacaria afra
Potentilla fruticosa
Potentilla supina
Premna corymbosa
Premna tomentosa
Primula denticulata
Primula floribunda
Primula vulgaris
Prunus Amygdalus
Prunus dulcis
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii
Pseudobombax ellipticum
Pseudocaryopteris foetida
Psidium guajava
Psidium guineense
Pterocarpus santalinus
Pterospermum acerifolium
Pterospermum lanceifolium
Pterygota alata
Pulicaria dysenterica
Punica granatum
Putranjiva roxburghii
Pyrostegia venusta
Quisqualis indica
Ranunculus arvensis
Ranunculus laetus
Ranunculus sceleratus
Raphanus sativus
Rauvolfia serpentina
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
Reinwardtia indica
Rhamphicarpa fistulosa
Rhodiola trifida
Rhodiola wallichiana
Rhododendron arboreum
Rhynchosia heynei
Rhynchosia himalensis
Rhynchosia viscosa
Ricinus communis
Rorippa indica
Roscoea purpurea
Rosmarinus officinalis
Ruellia patula
Ruellia prostrata
Ruellia tuberosa
Rumex dentatus
Rumex hastatus
Rungia pectinata
Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum spontaneum
Salix denticulata
Salix tetrasperma
Salvadora persica
Salvia involucrata
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Salvia nubicola
Salvia splendens
Sambucus canadensis
Sambucus mexicana
Sambucus nigra
Santalum album
Sapindus saponaria
Saussurea auriculata
Saussurea candicans
Saussurea obvallata
Scadoxus multiflorus
Scutellaria baicalensis
Scutellaria grossa
Scutellaria repens
Sedum oreades
Semecarpus anacardium
Senna auriculata
Senna occidentalis
Senna siamea
Senna sophera
Sesbania bispinosa
Sesbania grandiflora
Seseli diffusum
Sesuvium portulacastrum
Setaria verticillata
Shorea robusta
Sida cordata
Sida cordifolia
Sida retusa
Sida spinosa
Sideritis hirsuta
Silybum marianum
Smithia ciliata
Solanum chrysotrichum
Solanum erianthum
Solanum jasminoides
Solanum melongena
Solanum nigrum
Solanum sisymbriifolium
Solanum surattense
Solanum torvum
Solanum tuberosum
Solanum villosum
Sonchus oleraceus
Soymida febrifuga
Sphaeranthus amaranthoides
Sphenoclea zeylanica
Spiranthes australis
Spiranthes sinensis
Spondias pinnata
Stellaria media
Stellera chamaejasme
Stephania japonica
Sterculia alata
Sterculia foetida
Sterculia villosa
Stereospermum tetragonum
Stevia rebaudiana
Striga asiatica
Strophanthus boivinii
Strychnos minor
Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnos potatorum
Suaeda maritima
Suregada multiflora
Swertia angustifolia
Swertia bimaculata
Swertia cordata
Swertia paniculata
Swietenia macrophylla
Swietenia mahagoni
Syzygium alternifolium
Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium cumini
Syzygium jambos
Syzygium samarangense
Tabebuia aurea
Tabebuia avellanedae
Talinum portulacifolium
Tamarindus indica
Taxus baccata
Tecoma castanifolia
Tephrosia calophylla
Tephrosia purpurea
Teramnus labialis
Terminalia alata
Terminalia catappa
Terminalia chebula
Terminalia elliptica
Terminalia pallida
Teucrium botrys
Teucrium royleanum
Thalictrum foliolosum
Thespesia populnea
Thunbergia erecta
Thunbergia fragrans
Thunbergia grandiflora
Thymus linearis
Tiliacora acuminata
Tiliacora racemosa
Tinospora cordifolia
Tinospora crispa
Tinospora sinensis
Toona ciliata
Trewia nudiflora
Tribulus terrestris
Trichodesma indicum
Trichosanthes cucumerina
Trichosanthes palmata
Trichosanthes tricuspidata
Trifolium repens
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Triumfetta rhomboidea
Tylophora indica
Uraria picta
Urena lobata
Urena sinuata
Urginea coromandeliana
Vachellia horrida
Valeriana jatamansi
Vanda tessellata
Veronica serpyllifolia
Viburnum coriaceum
Vicia bakeri
Vicia faba
Vicia sativa
Vigna radiata
Vigna unguiculata
Vinca rosea
Viola rupestris
Viscum album
Vitex negundo
Vitis vinifera
Withania somnifera
Wrightia tinctoria
Wulfeniosis amherstiana
Zamia furfuracea
Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus mauritiana
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