Saturday, March 28, 2015

Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ratnagandhi, Peacock Flower




Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz
Family: Caesalpiniaceae
  • Common Name: Peacock Flower
  • Bengali: ক্রিশ্নচূড়া Krishnachura, রাধাচূড়া Radhachur
  • Chinese: 红蝴蝶
  • Dutch: Pauwenbloem
  • Finnish: Riikinkukkokesalpina
  • German: Pfauenstrauch
  • Hindi: गुले तूरा guletura, कृष्ण चूरा Krishna-chura, कृष्ण चरण Krishna-charan
  • Indonesian: Kembang merak
  • Kannada: Kenjige, ರತ್ನಗಮ್ಧಿ Ratnagamdhi
  • Malayalam: Settimandaram, രാജമല്ലി
  • Manipuri: ক্রিশ্নচূরা Krishnachura
  • Marathi: शंखासुर Shankhasur
  • Oriya: Krishnochuda
  • Sanskrit: Sidhakya, कृष्णचूडा Krishnachuda, रत्नगन्धि Ratnagandhi
  • Tamil: Mayurkonrai, மயில் கொன்றை Mayil konrai
  • Telugu: రత్నగంధీ Ratnagandhi
  • Thai: หางนกยูงไทย
  • Urdu: Gul-e-turra
  • Vietnamese: Kim phượng

Description: Shrub, nearly 2 m in height, branches sometimes slightly prickly. Leaves bipinnate, 10-45 cm long, pinnae 4-12 pairs, opposite, c. 7.5 cm long. Leaflets 1.2-1.3 cm long, 3-7 mm broad. Flowers in erect terminal raceme, variously orange yellow and red coloured, often claw red, centre of limb crimson, red or golden red. Filaments very long, bright red. Pod 5-7.5 cm long c. 1.7 cm broad, straight.

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Toxins. Bark juice abortifacient  and  febrifuge,  tonic,  stimulant.  Roots  abortifacient, emmenagogue,  used  for  infantile  convulsions;  root  juice given  to  treat  peptic  ulcer.  Flowers  for  intestinal  worms, coughs  and  chronic  catarrh.  Fruits  and  leaves  febrifuge, astringent.  Leaves  emmenagogue,  purgative,  antifungal, abortifacient,  to  relieve  constipation;  leaf  paste  applied  to treat  boils,  pimples  and  ringworm.  Seed  paste  applied  on infected teeth and ringworm; fresh seeds decoction used for inflamed gums. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Leaves—laxative, antipyretic. Used in Eastern India as a substitute for senna. Dried and powdered leaves are used in erysipelas. Flowers—anthelmintic. Also used for cough and catarrh. Root—a decoction is prescribed in intermittent fevers. Bark—emmenagogue, abortifacient.[Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Influenza and vaccinia virus, also anti Gram-negative bacteria and Candida sp. [Medicinal plants in tropical West  Africa]

Root: Bitter, toxic, astringent; for diarrhoea. Leaf and Flower: Infusion is diuretic. Leaf, Flower and Seed: For stomach, urinany bladder and kidney problems. Leaf and Seed: Infusion is drunk by the Djuka to induce quick, uncomplicated abortion in early pregnancy. Leaf: Infusion is drunk for kidney stones, and to accelerate childbirth. For a febrifuge, tonic, excitant, emmenagogue, and possibly an abortive at a certain dosage. Leaves of the yellow-flowered form, f. flava (Bailey &  Rehder) DeFilipps, Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas 85 (1992), are used in Surinam for  stomachache.  Flower:  Febrifuge;  infusion  drunk  as  a  tea  for  gall  bladder  problems  in  Surinam.  Fresh flowers are sudorific. Those of the red-flowered form (f. pulcherrima) are used in Surinam for urinary tract problems. Seed: Pectoral. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

118 Published articles of Caesalpinia pulcherrima
1.    Agent for preventing diabetes, o.a.h., comprises dry powder or extract of e.g. Hemerocallis fulva, Polygonum cuspidatum, Ficus pumila, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, wood sorrel and Verbena officinalis. Okinawa Ken.
2.    Antidiarrhoeal and analgesic activity of barks of medicinal plant Caesalpinia pulcherrima Afroz, T., et al., International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2013. 4(5): p. 1946-1949.
3.    Compositional studies of differently processed ornamental plant seed flour: Caesalpinia pulcherrima Agbede, J.O., Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2004. 3(4): p. 222-227.
4.    Anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima flowers on ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats Ali, S.A., et al., Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2013. 4(2): p. 119-124.
5.    Solution properties of the galactomannans extracted from the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Cassia javanica: comparison with locust bean gum Andrade, C.T., et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 1999. 26(2-3): p. 181-185.
6.    Effect of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. seeds on serum glucose and other metabolic parameters of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats Aneesha, V.S., et al., Hamdard Medicus, 2011. 54(3): p. 45-55.
7.    Investigations of pet ether extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz leaves extract on analgesic, a.-i., and antipyretic properties Anil, Kumar, P. Muthusamy, and V. Nirmala, Natural Product Sciences, 2003. 9(4): p. 256-259.
8.    Investigations of Pet Ether Extract of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (L.) Swartz Leaves Extract on Analgesic, A.-i., and Antipyretic Properties AnilKumar,, V.Nirmala, and P.Muthusamy, Natural Product Sciences, 2003. 9(4): p. 256-259.
9.    A CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA Apparao, B.J. and C.K. Shah, Indian Botanical Reporter, 1988. 7(1-2): p. 1-6.
10.    Morphometric characterization, g.a.c.o.C.p.L.S.F.C.s.A.N., J. C. de, et al., Semina: Ciencias Agrarias (Londrina), 2014. 35(4 Suppl.): p. 2287-2299.
11.    A NEW TANNIN FROM YOUNG STEM BARK OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA Awasthi, K.K., A. Kumar, and K. Misra, Current Science, 1980. 49(20): p. 769-772.
12.    2 ELLAGITANNINS FROM THE STEM BARK OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA Awasthi, K.K., A. Kumar, and K. Misra, Phytochemistry, 1980. 19(9): p. 1995-1997.
13.    TANNINS OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA BARK Awasthi, K.K. and K. Misra, Current Science, 1976. 45(18): p. 661-662.
14.    Studies on the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, L.w.s.r.t.t.m.B., G. S., D.S. Bhatia, and B. Anandaswamy, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Calcutta (Industrial & News Edition), 1954. 17(3/4): p. 187-92.
15.    Demonstration of beta-cell regeneration and anti-diabetic activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats Balasubramanian, V., et al., Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2012. 4(6): p. 1692-1697.
16.    Anti-inflammatory and neuropharmacological activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves Bose, U., et al., Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 2010. 7(2): p. 37-42.
17.    Evaluation of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Endospermic Gum as Affinity Matrices for Galactose-Binding Lectins Interaction Braga, R.C., et al., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2011. 54(2): p. 283-292.
18.    Biofilter for use in sewage treatment plant, u.C.p., Jacaranda mimosffolia and other organic materials Buelna, G., M.A. Garzon-Zuniga, and G.E. Moeller-Chavez. Inst Mexicano Tecnologia Del Agua; Cent Rech Ind Du Quebec.
19.    Characterisation of partially hydrolysed galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds as a potential dietary fibre Buriti, F.C.A., et al., Food Hydrocolloids, 2014. 35: p. 512-521.
20.    Effects of tropical fruit pulps and partially hydrolysed galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds on the dietary fibre content, p.v., texture and sensory features of goat dairy beverages Buriti, Flavia C. A., et al., Lwt-Food Science and Technology, 2014. 59(1): p. 196-203.
21.    A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper in environmental samples using flower extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Burungale, S.H., Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014. 6(7): p. 1563-1570.
22.    Analgesic activity of chloroform extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Chakraborthy, G.S., R.S. Badujar, and C.R. Pardeshi, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2009. 2(7): p. 1199-1200.
23.    Brine shrimp cytotoxicity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima aerial parts, a.a.a.c.o.i.a.f.C., Sumitra and Y. Baravalia, Natural Product Research, 2011. 25(20): p. 1955-1964.
24.    PULCHERRALPIN, A.N.D.E.F.C.-P.C., C. T., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1986. 49(4): p. 561-569.
25.    Three New Cassane Diterpenes from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Cheng, J., et al., Natural Product Communications, 2008. 3(11): p. 1751-1754.
26.    In vitro antiviral activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and its related flavonoids Chiang, L.C., et al., Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2003. 52(2): p. 194-198.
27.    Weight-lowering effects of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, C.f.a.S.a.l.e.C.-H., Christine L. and F.M.G. Leonido, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011. 5(3): p. 452-455.
28.    Pulcherralpin, a.n.d.e.f.C.p.C.-T., Che, et al., Journal of Natural Products, 1986. 49(4): p. 561-569.
29.    BUTTERFLY POLLINATION OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA, W.O.O.A.P.S.C., R. W. and S.M. Hermannparker, Journal of Ecology, 1979. 67(1): p. 155-168.
30.    Germination performance of the invader Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. compared to Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex Tul. and C. pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (Fabaceae) da Fonseca and C.M. Jacobi, Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2011. 25(1): p. 191-197.
31.    Isolation, S., and Bioactivity of Homoisoflavonoids from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Das, Biswanath, et al., Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2009. 57(10): p. 1139-1141.
32.    ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL REGULATION OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Davison, E.L. and D.A. Bailey, Hortscience, 1989(SUPPL): p. 135-135.
33.    Use of galactomannan extracted from Pulcherrima caesalpinia for use as a thickener and stabilizer in dairy products De Azevedo Moreira, R., et al. Fundacao Edson Queiroz.
34.    PRE-GERMINATED TREATMENTS IN SEEDS OF Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. - LEGUMINOSAE de Oliveira, L.M., et al., Revista Caatinga, 2010. 23(1): p. 71-76.
35.    Caesalpinia pulcherrima as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium Deepaa, C.V., V.G. Vasudha, and T. Sathiyapriya, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 2011. 4(5): p. 722-725.
36.    Antimicrobial activities of Avicennia marina, C.p.a.M.m.a.c.p.i.f.U.D., A. S., et al., International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012. 3(3): p. B-698-B-705.
37.    Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima flowers Dhaked, P.S., S.N. Kshirsagar, and D.M. Sakarar, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2011. 2(10): p. 2643-2646.
38.    Investigation of lipid constituents of pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L., a.p.o.S.p.f.a.a.a.o.t.m.e.E.-H., A. M. A., et al., Bulletin of the National Research Centre (Cairo), 2005. 30(2): p. 133-140.
39.    Bicarpellate flower of Poinciana pulcherrima L. (- Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw.) Farooq, M., Sci and Culture, 1952. 18((4)): p. 192-193.
40.    Characterization of the genetic variability among Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (Fabaceae) plants using RAPD molecular markers Fontanetti Rodrigues, M.G., et al., Acta Scientiarum-Agronomy, 2012. 34(3): p. 259-263.
41.    In vitro antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of Physalis peruviana L. and Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz Franco-Ospina, L.A., et al., Boletin Latinoamericano Y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales Y Aromaticas, 2013. 12(3): p. 230-237.
42.    SCREENING OF NEW INSECTICIDES AGAINST THE CITRUS THRIPS SCIRTOTHRIPS-AURANTII ON PRIDE-OF-BARBADOS CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA-D Georgala, M.B., Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 1969. 32(1): p. 137-140.
43.    Germination biology of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. (Leguminosae) Gill, L.S. and G.O. Anoliefo, Annals of Forestry, 1994. 2(1): p. 13-18.
44.    STRUCTURE OF A SUGAR CHAIN OF A PROTEASE INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM BARBADOS PRIDE (CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA SW) SEEDS Hase, S., et al., Journal of Biochemistry, 1986. 100(1): p. 1-10.
45.    Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves In Fr. Hocking, G.M., Quart J Crude Drug Res, 1964. 4((3)): p. 591-593.
46.    Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Polyphenolics from Pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Hsu, F.-L., et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2012. 13(5): p. 6073-6088.
47.    Effects of chromium on an important arid tree (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) of Karachi city, P.I., M. Z., S. Saeeda, and M. Shafiq, Ekologia-Bratislava, 2001. 20(4): p. 414-422.
48.    Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a glycoside from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Swartz Islam, A.K.M.N., et al., Journal of Medical Sciences(Pakistan), 2004. 4(1): p. 15-18.
49.    Drug Release Studies from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Seed Polysaccharide Jeevanandham, S., D. Dhachinamoorthi, and K.B.C. Sekhar, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2011. 10(3): p. 597-603.
50.    Behaviour of various drug release from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed polysaccharide Jeevanandham, S., et al., Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009. 2(4): p. 215-221.
51.    Phytochemical screening analysis of plant species Tecoma stans and Caesalpinia pulcherrima Krishna, A.V.L.N.R., P.A.J. Vineela, and A.R. Kumar, International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2009. 7(2): p. 1435-1438.
52.    Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Linn.) Sw Kumar, D. and J. Singh. Drug Plants Iv, ed. V.K. Singh and J.N. Govil. Vol. 30. 2010. 127-132.
53.    Anticonvulsant effect of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., F., leaves Kumar, Dinesh, et al., Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2010. 20(5): p. 751-755.
54.    In vitro antioxidant activity, p.s., cytotoxicity and total phenolic content in extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae) pods Kumbhare, M. R., et al., Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, 2012. 15(7): p. 325-32.
55.    SUBEPIDERMAL IDIOBLASTS IN LEAFLETS OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA AND PARKINSONIA-ACULEATA (LEGUMINOSAE, C.L., N. R. and J.D. Curtis, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1993. 120(3): p. 319-326.
56.    Anatomy of unusual subepidermal foliar idioblasts in Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Parkinsonia aculeata (Leguminosae, s.C.L., Nels R. and J.D. Curtis, American Journal of Botany, 1993. 80(6 SUPPL.): p. 29-29.
57.    Stylar length variation in Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae) - Basic patterns Lokesha, R., et al., Current Science, 1996. 71(8): p. 633-636.
58.    On teratology in some angiosperms from Bombay- Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sw. and Coccinia indica L Mahajan, M.K., Sci and Culture, 1956. 21((11)): p. 673-674.
59.    Two new homoisoflavonoids from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Maheswara, M., V. Siddaiah, and C.V. Rao, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2006. 54(8): p. 1193-1195.
60.    Effect of different soil media on seed germination, s.g.a.N.c.i.C.p.a.T.p.M., S. M., University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2005. 9(2): p. 319-330.
61.    Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Manoj, K. and S. Thangavel, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2011. 1(7): p. 180-184.
62.    Investigation of anthelmintic activity of pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Manoj, K., et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Opinion, 2012. 2(7): p. 63-65.
63.    Preformulation studies of an and inflammatory topic phytomedicine based on active fractions of flowers and leaves of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Matiz, G.E., P.A. Cardenas, and J.V. Rincon, Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2007. 26(3): p. 332-338.
64.    Actividad antiinflamatoria de flores y hojas de Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. (Swartz) Matiz, G.E., L.A. Franco O, and J. Rincón, Revista de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Salud, 2011. 43(3): p. 281-287.
65.    DITERPENOIDS FROM CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA McPherson, D.D., et al., Phytochemistry (Oxford), 1986. 25(1): p. 167-170.
66.    DITERPENOIDS FROM CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA McPherson, D.D., et al., Phytochemistry, 1985. 25(1): p. 167-170.
67.    PELTOGYNOIDS AND HOMOISOFLAVONOIDS FROM CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA McPherson, D.D., et al., Phytochemistry, 1983. 22(12): p. 2835-2838.
68.    Fungi associated with seeds of flamboyant-mirim ( Caesalpinia pulcherrima): incidence, e.o.g., transmission and control Medeiros, J. G. F., et al., Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, 2012. 32(71): p. 303-308.
69.    PHYTOSYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING CAESALPINIA PULCHERRIMA (PEACOCK FLOWER) FLOWER EXTRACT AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES Nagaraj, B., et al., Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 2012. 7(3): p. 899-905.
70.    Phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) flower extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities Nagaraj, B., et al., Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2013. 15(3-4): p. 299-304.
71.    A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Nainwal, P., D. Nanda, and R. Batsa, International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP), 2011. 2(2): p. 416-421.
72.    Monoterpenoid Constituents of the Volatile Oils of Cynometra megalophylla Harms., C.p.L.S.a.P.e.G.D., Growing in Nigeria Ogunbinu, A. O., et al., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2010. 22(6): p. 536-539.
73.    Evaluation of murine model of malaria using ethanolic leaf extracts of pride of Barbados ( Caesalpinia pulcherrima) Okoro, I.A., et al., International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2013. 3(2): p. 326-329.
74.    Pre-germinated treatments in seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. - Leguminosae Oliveira, L.M.d., et al., Caatinga, 2010. 23(1): p. 71-76.
75.    The chemical composition of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Omole, J.O., Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 2003. 30(1/2): p. 15-19.
76.    STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STIGMA, S.A.O.O.C.-P.L.S., POSTANTHESIS, PREPOLLINATION AND POSTPOLLINATION Owens, S. J., C. Prychid, and A.V. Cox, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1995. 118(4): p. 275-288.
77.    Antioxidant status of the flowers of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Padma, P.R., S. Sumathi, and S. Aparna, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2000. 22-23(4A-1A): p. 78-83.
78.    Antioxidant status of the flowers of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Padma, P.R., S. Sumathi, and S. Aparna, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2001. 22/23(4A/1A): p. 78-83.
79.    SUR LES FLAVONOIDES DU CAESALPINIA PULCHERIMA SW - ISOLEMENT DUN FLAVONOSIDE IDENTIFIE AU MYRICITROSIDE Paris, R.R. and P.G. Delaveau, Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences, 1965. 260(1): p. 271-&.
80.    CAESALPINIAE-PULCHERRIMAE-FOLIA THE FLAVONOIDS OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA-D ISOLATION OF A FLAVONOSIDE IDENTIFIED WITH MYRICITROSIDE Paris, R.R. and P.G. Delaveau, Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, 1967. 7(1): p. 964-966.
81.    STRUCTURE OF A NEW HOMOISOFLAVANONE FROM CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA Parmar, V.S., et al., Acta Chemica Scandinavica Series B-Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1987. 41(4): p. 267-270.
82.    Pulcherrimins A-D, n.d.d.f.C.p.w.s.a.a.D.r.-d.y.m.P., A. D., et al., Tetrahedron, 1997. 53(5): p. 1583-1592.
83.    Antibacterial activity of heartwood of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Pawar, C., et al., Indian Journal of Natural Products, 2007. 23(4): p. 27-29.
84.    Anti-inflammatory activity of heartwood extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniceae) Pawar, C.R., et al., Journal of Natural Remedies, 2008. 8(1): p. 72-75.
85.    Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima wood Pawar, C.R., et al., Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 2009. 46(2): p. 198-200.
86.    Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of roots of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Prakash, S.B., P. Sharmistha, and A.R. Kumar, International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2009. 7(1): p. 16-18.
87.    Cassane diterpenoids from the stem of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Pranithanchai, W., et al., Phytochemistry, 2009. 70(2): p. 300-304.
88.    In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Brain Homogenate: Effects of Crude Ethanolic Extract & It's Fractions From Leaves of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Linn Prashanth, H.V.K., et al., Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2013. 45: p. S172-S172.
89.    Effects of aqueous extract of extra-cotyledonous deposit of Pride of Barbados ( Caesalpinia pulcherrima) on some blood electrolytes and urea levels in rabbits Prohp, T.P., et al., Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2006. 5(3): p. 239-241.
90.    Antitubercular cassane furanoditerpenoids from the roots of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Promsawan, N., et al., Planta Medica, 2003. 69(8): p. 776-777.
91.    Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn. leaf extracts Puratchikody, A. and G. Nagalakshmi, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2005. 17(3): p. 1902-1906.
92.    A new furanoid diterpene from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Ragasa, C.Y., et al., Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2003. 51(10): p. 1208-1210.
93.    New furanoid diterpenes from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Ragasa, C.Y., J.G. Hofilena, and J.A. Rideout, Journal of Natural Products, 2002. 65(8): p. 1107-1110.
94.    MICROPROPAGATION OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA THROUGH NODAL BUD CULTURE OF MATURE TREE Rahman, S.M., et al., Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1993. 32(3): p. 363-365.
95.    CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE FLOWERS OF CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA Rao, R.V.K. and G.R. Prasad, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1978. 40(3): p. 103-104.
96.    Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Rao, Y.K., S.H. Fang, and Y.M. Tzeng, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005. 100(3): p. 249-253.
97.    Cassane diterpenoids of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Roach, J.S., et al., Journal of Natural Products, 2003. 66(10): p. 1378-1381.
98.    Evaluation of mucilage of Caesalpinia pulcherrima as binder for tablets Selvi, R.S., et al., International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2010. 2(1): p. 436-442.
99.    TERPENOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS .19. X-CAESALPIN - A NEW DITERPENE FROM CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA SWARTZ Sengupta, P., S. Roy, and K.G. Das, Chemistry & Industry, 1970(16): p. 534-&.
100.    BIMODAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS PER POD IN CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA - PARENT OFFSPRING CONFLICT Shaanker, R.U. and K.N. Ganeshaiah, Evolutionary Trends in Plants, 1988. 2(2): p. 91-98.
101.    Polyphenol enriched nutraceutical composition, u.a.d.s.i.a.t.f.p.c., comprises extracts of immature fruits of Acacia auriculiformis, Caesalpinia pulcherrima and pomace of red grape fruits Sharma, G., et al. Univ Amity.
102.    Evaluation of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn. for anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities Sharma, V. and G.P. Rajani, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2011. 43(2): p. 168-171.
103.    Flavanoids from Caesalpinia pulcherrima Srinivas, K., et al., Phytochemistry, 2003. 63(7): p. 789-793.
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105.    Antimicrobial guided phytochemical evaluation of the pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sudhakar, M., et al., Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2005. 17(4): p. 2353-2358.
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109.    Rheological characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Thombre, N.A. and P.S. Gide, Carbohydrate Polymers, 2013. 94(1): p. 547-554.
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