Saturday, March 28, 2015

Pterospermum acerifolium, Muchukund, Dinnerplate Tree




Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd.
Family: Sterculiaceae

  • Common name: Maple-leaved Bayur tree, Dinnerplate Tree
  • Assamese: Moragos
  • Bengali: মুচুকুন্দ Muskanda
  • Chinese: 翅子树
  • Hindi: Kanak Champa कनक चम्पा, Muchkund मचकुंद, परिव्याध Parivyadh, पद्म पुष्प Padma Pushp 
  • Malayalam: ചെറുകൊന്ന Cerukonna, മലഞുടലി Malanjutali
  • Manipuri: Kwakla
  • Marathi: कर्णिकार Karnikar
  • Oriya: Mushukundo, ମୁଚୁକୁନ୍ଦ
  • Sanskrit: कर्णिकार Karnikar, मुचुकुन्द Muchukund
  • Tamil: வெண்ணங்கு Vennangu
  • Telugu: Matsakanda
  • Urdu:  Gul-e-Muchkun

Description: A large tree, up to 30 m tall, with grey bark and rusty pubescent young parts. Leaves oblong, broadly obovate to ovate, orbicular or rectangular, 10-40 cm long, 8-35 cm broad, cordate, often peltate, margin wavy to distantly coarse toothed or irregularly lobed; silvery to rusty pubescent beneath, glabrescent and dark green above; petiole 5-15 cm long, densely tomentose at the base; stipules pinnatifid, caducous. Flowers mostly solitary, 10-15 cm long and across, white, fragrant; pedicel c. 2 cm long; bracts laciniate. Sepals linear-lanceolate, united at the base into short tube, 8-12 cm long, c. 1 cm broad, obtuse, rusty pubescent outside, thick, reflexed, deciduous. Petals linear-oblong or obovate, 6-12 cm long, c. 1 cm broad, reflexed, obtuse. Fertile stamens 5-9 cm long, staminodes equalling the petals; anthers 1-1.5 cm long. Carpels 5; ovary oblong, pentagonal, 5-loculed, densely rusty tomentose. Capsule 5-10 cm long, 5-valved, rusty brown-glabrescent. Seeds compressed, obliquely oval, wings brown, membranous.  
Flower—anti-inflammatory, styptic (used for bleeding piles, haematuria, ulcers). Charred flowers and bark, mixed with the powder of Mallotus philippinensis, are applied to smallpox eruptions. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Bark useful in intestinal complaints, anemia, headache and  pains. Bark and leaves used in smallpox. The indumentum  from the lower side of leaf is said to be used to prevent bleeding from wounds; leaf paste applied on headache. Flowers  and bark charred and mixed with kamala (Mallotus philippensis) applied on suppurating smallpox. A tonic from the  flowers a cure for inflammation, ulcers, tumours, headache,  abdominal pain, indigestion, dehydration, blood troubles and  leprosy; calyx made into a paste and applied on glandular  swellings around neck. The flowers kept among cloths impart  a pleasant perfume and keep away insects. Roots juice given  as antidote in poisoning; roots applied as a paste on wounds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

52 Published articles of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd.
1.    Comparison of developments of transplants of Hovenia dulcis, M.p., Morus alba and Pterospermum acerifolium, Forest Research in India, 1945-46. Part 1. Forest Research Institute, 1947: p. 21-2.
2.    Involvement of opioidergic and vanilloid mechanism in antinociceptive property of the wood of Pterospermum acerifolium (L) Willd Bhalke, R.D., S.B. Kasture, and S.C. Pal, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2012. 5(7): p. 3635-3638.
3.    Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical investigations on Pterospermum acerifolium leaves Bhalke, R.D. and S.C. Pal, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2010. 1(9): p. 100-104.
4.    Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical investigations on Pterospermum acerifolium wood Bhalke, R.D. and S.C. Pal, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012. 3(1): p. P-356-P-362.
5.    STRUCTURE OF A NEW ACID-POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE BARK OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM Bishnoi, P. and P.C. Gupta, Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1, 1979(7): p. 1680-1683.
6.    Herbal formulation, u.f.w.f.a.v., comprises extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa, Mesua ferrea, Pterospermum acerifolium, Murraya koenigii, Trigonella foenum graecum, Trewia nudiflora, and marigold oil Charu, G. and P. Dhan. Univ Amity.
7.    Phytoceramides and acylated phytosterol glucosides from Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. seed coat and their osteogenic activity Dixit, P., et al., Phytochemistry, 2012. 81: p. 117-125.
8.    Osteogenic constituents from Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. flowers Dixit, P., et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011. 21(15): p. 4617-4621.
9.    A NEW LEAF SPOT DISEASE OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM WILLD Firdousi, S.A. and K.M. Vyas, Acta Botanica Indica, 1990. 18(2): p. 324-324.
10.    Self-incompatibility in Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. (Sterculiaceae) Jasveer, K. and T.S. Sareen, Plant Cell Incompatibility Newsletter, 1992(24): p. 29-31.
11.    INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ETHNOBOTANICALLY IMPORTANT TREE, P.A.L.M., Shazia Kanwal, Z.-U.-D. Khan, and M. Ajaib, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2012. 44: p. 105-109.
12.    The antiulcer activity of Pterospermum acerifolium bark extract in experimental animal Manna, A.K., et al., Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2009. 2(5): p. 785-788.
13.    Wound healing properties of Pterospermum acerifolium wild Manna, A.K., S.K. Bhunia, and N. Upendranath, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010. 3(3): p. 537-538.
14.    Comparative study of in vitro antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Salvia splendens and Pterospermum acerifolium Mazumder, P.M., et al., Pharmacologia, 2012. 3(9): p. 444-449.
15.    Evaluation of antiulcer activity of the methanolic extract of the flowers of Pterospermum acerifolium (L) Willd Mazumder, P.M., et al., Hamdard Medicus, 2010. 53(1): p. 70-77.
16.    PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES ON THE FLOWER OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM L. WILLD Mehrotra, S. and U. Shome, Feddes Repertorium, 1990. 101(1-2): p. 69-78.
17.    Comparative study upon the antioxidant potential of Saraca indica and Pterospermum acerifolium Mir, M.A., S.S. Sawhney, and S. Kumar, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012. 4(11): p. 4716-4720.
18.    SEED AND FRUIT ANATOMY OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM STERCULIACEAE Mohana Rao, P.R., Phytomorphology, 1976. 26(4): p. 363-369.
19.    SEED AND FRUIT ANATOMY OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM-(STERCULIACEAE) Mohanarao, P.R., Phytomorphology, 1976. 26(4): p. 363-369.
20.    Phytochemical and biological investigations of Pterospermum acerifolium Wild Bark Muhit, M.A., et al., Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010. 3(11): p. 2643-2646.
21.    Chronic effect of Pterospermum acerifolium bark on glycemic and lipidemic status of type 2 diabetic model rats Murshed, S., et al., Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2000. 50(Suppl. 1): p. S224-S224.
22.    Wound Healing Activity of Methanolic Extract of Dried Flowers of Pterospermum Acerifolium Using In Vitro Model Pal, R., P.M. Mazumder, and P. Rathinaveluswamy, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2013. 45: p. S137-S137.
23.    Evaluation of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Flowers of Pterospermum acerifolium on Wound Healing in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Pal, R., P.M. Mazumder, and S. Shrivastava, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2014. 46: p. S79-S79.
24.    Antibacterial activity from bark extracts of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd Panda, S.K. and S.K. Dutta, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2011. 2(3): p. 584-595.
25.    Pterospermum acerifolium Linn.: a comprehensive review with significant pharmacological activities Paoulomi, C., et al., International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS), 2012. 3(2): p. 1453-1458.
26.    Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Pterospermum Acerifolium LEAVES IN STZ-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED TYPE II DIABETIC RATS Paramaguru, R., P.M. Mazumder, and D. Sasmal, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2013. 45: p. S171-S171.
27.    1 Antidiabetic Activity of Pterospermum acerifolium Flowers and Glucose Uptake Potential of Bioactive Fraction in L6 Muscle Cell Lines with Its HPLC Fingerprint Paramaguru, R., et al., Biomed Research International, 2014.
28.    Antidiabetic activity of Pterospermum acerifolium flowers and glucose uptake potential of bioactive fraction in L6 muscle cell lines with its HPLC fingerprint Paramaguru, R., et al., BioMed research international, 2014. 2014: p. 459376-459376.
29.    Immunosuppressive activity of hexane and ethanolic extracts of Pterospermum acerifolium seeds in BALB/c mice Pathak, M., et al., Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2011. 20(9): p. 1667-1673.
30.    Comparative study of antioxidant activity of alcoholic and ethyl acetate extract of the bark of Pterospermum acerifolium Pritosh, P., et al., International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2011. 3(3): p. 3335-3344.
31.    Extraction and chemical investigation of leaves of Pterospermum acerifolium Ramesh, D., International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science, 2012. 1(6): p. 299-314.
32.    Chemical profiling and evaluation of bioactivity of solvent extracts of Pterospermum acerifolium Linn: an ethnomedicinal plant of similipal biosphere reserve Rath, S.K., et al., World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS), 2014. 3(3): p. 1862-1874.
33.    Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition potential of leaves of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd Rathinavelusamy, P. and P.M. Mazumder, Pharmacologia, 2012. 3(12): p. 719-723.
34.    Evaluation of antioxidant and DNA nicking potential along with HPTLC fingerprint analysis of different parts of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd Rathinavelusamy, P., et al., Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2013. 3(2): p. 100-106.
35.    Antidiabetic activity of Pterospermum acerifolium flowers and glucose uptake potential of bioactive fraction in L6 muscle cell lines with its HPLC fingerprint Rathinavelusamy, P., et al., BioMed Research International, 2014. 2014: p. 459376-Article ID 459376.
36.    Evaluation of in silico, i.v.a.-a.i.p.a.a.a.o.P.a.b.R., Paramaguru, et al., Pharmaceutical Biology, 2014. 52(2): p. 199-207.
37.    PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF FLOWERS OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM Rizvi, S.A.I. and T. Sultana, Phytochemistry, 1972. 11(2): p. 856-&.
38.    Evaluation of antimitotic and anticancer activity of the crude extracts of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd leaves (Sterculiaceae) Saboo, S., et al., Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 2007. 11: p. 76-79.
39.    Pharmacognostic and physicochemical investigation of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd leaves (Sterculiaceae) Saboo, S.S., et al., Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010. 2(6): p. 83-89.
40.    Wound healing potential of pterospermum acerifolium wild. With induction of tumor necrosis factor - alpha Senapati, A.K., et al., Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 2011. 2(4): p. 203-6.
41.    Pterospermum acerifolium Shilpa, V., MFP News, 2001. 11(1): p. 13-13.
42.    In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic, f.c.o.t.c.e.o.P.a.W.l.S.S., Saboo, et al., Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2010. 2(3): p. 417-423.
43.    Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of methanolic leaves extract of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd in rodents Subhangkar, N. and D. Rana, International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS), 2012. 3(3): p. 1519-1529.
44.    CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF PLANT PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM - STUDY OF SEED OIL Tandon, S.P., V.K. Saxena, and K.P. Tiwari, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section a-Physical Sciences, 1969. 39: p. 57-&.
45.    AMINO-ACID CONTENT OF TRUNK BARK OF PTEROSPERMUM ACERIFOLIUM Tandon, S.P., K.P. Tiwari, and V.K. Saxena, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section a-Physical Sciences, 1970. 40: p. 217-&.
46.    CHEMICAL STUDY OF SEED OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM Tandon, S.P., K.P. Tiwari, and V.K. Saxena, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section a-Physical Sciences, 1970. 40: p. 229-&.
47.    Effect of Pterospermum acerifolium leaf extract on oxidative damages in the gastric tissue during alcohol induced ulceration Thakur, V.K. and N. Lumbhani, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2012. 1(1): p. 95-105.
48.    Rapd PCR fingerprinting of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb and Pterospermum acerifolium Willd to understand phylogenetic linkage Tusamda, N.I., et al., Journal of Plant Genomics, 2013. 3(1): p. 39-41.
49.    MICRO DETERMINATION OF THE KAEMPFEROL OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM-D Varshney, S.C. and P.C. Gupta, Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie, 1971. 5(3): p. 173-176.
50.    CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE FLOWERS OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM Varshney, S.C. and P.C. Gupta, Indian Science Congress Association Proceedings, 1972. 59(PART 3): p. 139-139.
51.    CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF FLOWERS OF PTEROSPERMUM-ACERIFOLIUM Varshney, S.C., P.C. Gupta, and S.A.I. Rizvi, Planta Medica, 1972. 21(4): p. 358-&.
52.    Micro-determination of kaempferol from Pterospermum acerifolium Varshney. S, C. and P.C. Gupta, Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie, 1971. 5(3): p. 173-176.
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Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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