Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii Guggulu

Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl.
Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari
Synonyms: Balsamea mukul Baill., Balsamodendrum mukul Hook, ex Stocks, Balsamodendrum roxburghii Stocks, Balsamodendrum wightii Arn.
Family: Burseraceae

Common name: Indian bdellium
Hindi / Sanskrit: गुग्गुल
Telugu: గుగ్గులు
Malayalam: ഗുൽഗുലു
Sanskrit: Pura, Mahisaksha, Kaushika, Palankasa
Assamese / Gujarati: Guggul
Urdu: Muqil (Shiahappu)
Tamil: Erumaikan, Kungiliyam

Selected vernacular names: Afl atan, baijahundana, bdellium, boe-jahudan, devadhüpa, gogil, gugaru, guggal, guggul, guggula, guggulu, gukkal, gukkulu, hill mango, Indian bdellium, Indian myrrh tree, itinnil, kiluvai, kondamamidi, koushikaka, kungiliyam, maisatchi, moghl, moghl-arabi, moghl-azragh, moghl-makki, moql, moqle-azraqi, mugul, mukul myrrh tree, pura, ranghan [WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants Volume 3]
Ayurvdic uses: Amavata, Kushta, {rameha, Vatavyadhi, Grandhi, Sopha, Gandamala, Medoroga [API, Part-1, Vol.1]

Yield Plant: 700-900 g gum per plant Tree yield [Advances in Medicinal Plants]

Highly effective in the treatment of rheumatism, obesity, neurological and urinary disorders, tonsillitis, arthritis and a few other diseases. The fumes from burning guggul are recommended in hay- fever, chronic bronchitis and phytises. The gum resin is bitter, acrid, astringent, thermogenic, aromatic, expectorant, digestive, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, anodyne, antiseptic, demulcent, carminative, emmenagogue, haematinic, diuretic, lithontriptic, rejuvenating and general tonic. Guggulipid is hypocholesteremic. [MEDICINAL PLANTS by P. P. Joy, J. Thomas, Samuel Mathew, Baby P. Skaria]

Chemistry: The gum resin contains guggul sterons Z and E, guggul sterols I-V, two diterpenoids- a terpene hydrocarbon named cembreneA and a diterpene alcohol- mukulol, a-camphrone and cembrene, long chain aliphatic tetrols- octadecan-1,2,3,4-tetrol, eicosan-1,2,3,4-tetrol and nonadecan-1,2,3,4-tetrol. Major components from essential oil of gum resin are myrcene and dimyrcene. Plant without leaves, flowers and fruits contains myricyl alcohol, b-sitosterol and fifteen aminoacids. Flowers contain quercetin and its glycosides as major flavonoid components, other constituents being ellagic acid and pelargonidin glucoside.
Activities  — Alterative,  Analgesic,  Antiaging,  Antiaggregant,  Antiarthritic,  Antiatherosclerotic,  Antiedemic,  Antiinflammatory,  Antiobesity,  Antioxidant,  Antiseptic,  Antispasmodic,  Antisuppurative,  Antithrombic,  Aperitif,  Aphrodisiac,  Astringent,  Bitter,  Cardioprotective,  Carminative,  Demulcent,  Diaphoretic,  Digestive,  Diuretic,  Ecbolic,  Emmenagogue,  Expectorant,  Fibrinolytic,  Hypocholesterolemic,  Hypoglycemic,  Hypolipidemic,  Hypotriglyceridemic,  Immunostimulant,  Leucocytogenic,  Lipolytic,  Mucolytic,  Phagocytotic,  Thyrotropic,  Uterotonic,  Vermifuge.

Indications  — Abscess,  Acne,  Adenopathy,  Amenorrhea,  Anemia,  Angina,  Anorexia,  Arthrosis,  Ascites,  Asthma,  Atherosclerosis,  Atony,  Bite,  Bronchosis,  Cancer,  Cardiopathy,  Catarrh,  Cramp,  Cyst,  Dermatosis,  Diabetes,  Dysmenorrhea,  Dyspepsia,  Dyspnea,  Dysuria,  Edema,  Endometriosis,  Enterosis,  Fever,  Fracture,  Fistula,  Gas,  Gastrosis,  Gingivosis,  Gleet,  Hay Fever,  Hemorrhoid,  Hepatosis,  High Blood Pressure,  High Cholesterol,  High Triglyceride,  Hyperlipemia,  Hysteria,  Immunodepression,  Impotence,  Inflammation,  Ischemia,  Laryngosis,  Lassitude,  Leprosy,  Leukoderma,  Menorrhagia,  Myosis,  Neurosis,  Obesity,  Odontosis,  Otosis,  Pain,  Phthisis,  Psoriasis,  Pulmonosis,  Pyorrhea,  Rheumatism,  Sciatica,  Scrofula,  Scurvy,  Rhinosis,  Snakebite,  Sore,  Sting,  Stone,  Swelling,  Syphilis,  Thrombosis,  Water Retention,  Worm. [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2nd Ed. By James A. Duke]

Resin contains steroids (called guggulsterones) that lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides via stimulation of thyroid function. [Medical Herbalism The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine by David Hoffmann]
Indian Commiphora mukul Hook, ex Stocks the essential oil has been found to contain 4-6% of myrcene, 11% of dimyrcene and some polymyrcene. The petroleum ether extract of the gum-resin has yielded sesamin, cholesterol and a few other steroids (Indian Council, 1976, p. 271). A number of steroids have been isolated and identified and the diterpenoid constituents cembrene A and mubulol as well as some fatty tetrols have been reported.
The oleo-resin fraction from C. mukul has shown significant anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity (minimum effective dose 12.5 mg/100 g in albino rats). This activity has been localized in the acidic fraction of the oleo-resin and has been shown to occur even in adrenalectomized animals (Santhakumari et al., 1964). The aqueous extract of the oleo-gum-resin of C. mukul had suppressive action on carrageenan-induced acute rat paw oedema and in the granuloma pouch test as well. In adjuvant arthritis the secondary lesions were very effectively suppressed without any significant action on the primary phase. Side-effects were negligible as compared to those occurring in beta methasone-treated animals (Gujral et al., 1960; Satyavati et al. ,1969).

A steroidal compound isolated from the petroleum ether extract of C. mukul showed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity on rat paw oedema which was much more potent than that of the resin fraction. The steroid fraction had a pronounced effect on primary and secondary inflammation induced by Freund's adjuvant; it was less effective than hydrocortisone acetate in the primary phase but more effective in reducing the severity of secondary lesions (Arora et al., 1972). Furthermore, C. mukul was also found to lower the serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits and to protect the animals against cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis (Satyavati et al., 1969; Nityanand et al., 1973). Long-term experimental studies of its effectiveness as a hypolipaedemic agent gave satisfactory results and showed that the effect could be attributed to (a) an increase in the rate of removal/excretion of cholesterol, (b) a decrease in the  input/synthesis of cholesterol and (c) mobilization of cholesterol from tissues (Indian Council, 1976, pp. 272-5).[Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa]

Siddha uses: Kilvayu, Kuttam, Uaal vali, viranam
Unani uses: Bawaseer Amya, Qabz, Nafkh-e-Shikam, Waj-ul-Mafasil, Waram-e-Mafasil.[UPC, Part-1, Vol-1]

167 Published article on Commiphora mukul

Gomphrena globosa Vadamalli rakthamallika Sennichikou Globe-Amaranth

Gomphrena globosa L.
Family: Amaranthaceae

Synonyms: Amaranthoides globosus Maza, Amaranthoides globosus var. albiflorus Maza, Gomphrena eriopoda Gillies ex Moq., Gomphrena globosa var. albiflora Moq., Gomphrena globosa var. aureiflora Stuchlik, Gomphrena globosa var. carnea Moq., Gomphrena rubra Moq., Gomphrena tumida Seidl ex Opiz, Xeraea globosa Kuntze

Vernacular names: Azərbaycanca: Başcıqlı qomfrena
Bengali: বোতাম ফুল
Deutsch:Echter Kugelamarant
Japanese: センニチコウ
Hawaiian Pidgin - bozu
Hawaiian - lehua pepa, lehua moa loa[2]
Tamil - Vadamalli
Malayalam - “രക്തമല്ലിക (rakthamallika” / “വാടാമല്ലി (vaaDaamalli)”
Maldivian - Gullalaa / Gul-alaa
Sanskrit - “रक्तमल्लिका (rakthamallika)”
Hindi - “रक्तमल्लिका (rakthamallika”
Japanese - Sennichikou
Nepali - 'makhamali मखमली '
Lao language - Saam pii
Tongan: Malila
Thai: บานไม่รู้โรย
Malay: Pokok Butang Ungu

Other Names:

Amarantina,  Amarantine,  Amor Seco,  Bachelor’s Button,  Boton,  Bunga Butan,  Bunga Tila Bulan,  Chacmol,  Common Globe-Amaranth, Qian-ri-hong, Chin-yut-hung, Cheon-il-hong, Don Diego Morado,  Eterna,  Gian Ri Hong,  Globe-Amaranth,  Habana,  Immortelle,  Inmortal,  Inmortales Blanco,  Kugelamarant,  Ma - nhyo - lone, Manto de Cristo,  Marguerite,  Perpetua,  Qian Ri Hong,  San Diego,  Santoma,  Sennichi So,  Siempre Viva,  Standvastig,  Suspiro,  Suspiro Branco,  Suspiro Roxo,  Tmuul,  Wax Work, immortelle pourpre, stanfasti.
Activities: Depurative,  Diuretic,  Expectorant,  Hypotensive .
Indications: Asthma,  Bronchosis,  Cardiopathy,  Catarrh,  Coughs,  Dermatosis,  Diabetes,  Dysentery,  Dysmenorrhea,  Dyspepsia,  Dysuria,  Epistaxis,  Erysipelas,  Fever,  Gas,  High Blood Pressure,  Leukorrhea,  Metrorrhagia,  Oliguria,  Respirosis.
Chinese Folk Medicinal Uses: Bronchial asthma , Acute and chronic bronchitis, Chin cough, Haemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis,  Dizziness, Blurring of vision, Dysentery, Infantile fever, and night screaming,  Whooping cough, Headache.
Chemstry
l)Glucosides: gomphrenin, 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy flavanol 3-0-0-D-glucoside, amaranthin, isoamaranthin.
Pharmacology: Expectorant activity [International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine, Vol-4]
Uses: In Malaysia, a decoction of the flowers of Gomphrena globosa L. is drunk to treat asthma, bronchitis and leucorrhea, check hemorrhage and nocturnal weeping of children and to soothe sore eyes. The fresh plant is boiled or macerated and applied to traumatic injuries and pyoderma. [Medicinal Plants of The Asia-Pacific Drugs for the Future?]
USES: Whole plant: Infusion of the white-flowered variant of this plant is recommended as a
diabetes remedy. Leaf: Warm infusion for a sudorific [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]
Claimed Therapeutical Values: Treats chronic bronchitis, whooping cough, dysentery, pertussis, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, infantile fever.
Chemistry: (Flower): Saponins, β-cyamines, gomphrenin, amaranthin, isoamaranthin [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

72 Published articles on Gomphrena globosa L.

Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd Donda kaya Kovai kai Telakucha Bimbika kunduri

Coccinia grandis (L.) J.Voigt
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Synonyms: Bryonia acerifolia D.Dietr., Bryonia alceifolia Willd., Bryonia barbata Buch.-Ham. ex Cogn., Bryonia grandis L., Cephalandra grandis Kurz, Cephalandra moghadd (Asch.) Broun & Massey, Cephalandra schimperi Naudin, Coccinia cordifolia Cogn., Coccinia grandis war. wightiana (M.Roem.) Greb., Coccinia helenae Buscal. & Muschl., Coccinia loureiriana M.Roem., Coccinia moghadd (J.F.Gmel.) Asch., Coccinia moimoi M.Roem., Coccinia palmatisecta Kotschy, Coccinia schimperi Naudin, Coccinia wightiana M.Roem., Cucumis pave! Kostel., Cucurbita dioica Roxb. ex Wight & Arn., Momordica bicolor Blume.

Common name: Ivy Gourd
Hindi: कुन्द्रू Kunduru, कुंदुरी kunduri
Marathi: तॊंडली Tondli, तोंडले Tondle
Tamil: கோவை Kovai
Malayalam: കോവൽ Kova
Telugu: దొండ కాయ Donda kaya
Kannada:  ತೊಂಡೆಕಾಯಿ Tondikay, Kaagethonde, Konde ball, Theekkuduru, Thonde balli, Thundike
Bengali: Telakucha
Oriya: Ban-kundri
Sanskrit: Bimbika
Deutsch: Tindola
Thai: ตำลึง
Tongan: Vaine fakafulutāmakiaʻi
Malay: Pepasan
Japanese: Yasai karasu uri
French: Gourde écarlate de l'Inde
Danish: Skariagenagurk
Spanish:  Pepino cimarrón
Vietnamese: Bát
Chinese: Hong gua

Other vernacular names: (AMHARIC) werk-bemeda; (Assamese) kunduli; (Bamanankan) bagéna ka dégé; (Bengali) telakuch, telacucha, tela kucha; (Burmese) kin-mone-thi; (Chinese, Mandarin) hong gua; (Chinese, WÚ) hong qua; (Danish) skariagenagurk; (English) ivy gourd, tindora, kovai fruit, small gourd, scarlet gourd; (Gikuyu) kînya; (Greek) koukourvita; (Gujarati) gilodia, tindora, ghobe, gluru, ghobe, ghuru; (Hausa) gùrjín-dájìi, gwanduwa; (Hindi) tindora, kanduri, tinda, tendus, kundroo, kunduzi, kunduri, kundru, kanduri-ki-bel, bhimb, gulakaankh, kunali, kundaru, kunderi, kundori, thirkola; (Hmong Daw) taub txaij; (Indonesian) labu air; (Izon) e̩mbadákà; (Japanese) yasai karasuuri; (Javanese) papasan, kemarongan, bolu teke; (Kannada) thonde kayi, thonde kaayi, tondekai, kaage thonde, konde balli, sihi thonde, thonde balli; (Khmer, Central) slök baahs; (Konkani) pendli, tendulem, thendle; (Lahu) hpa˄ hkeh˄; (Lao) tam ling, tam nin; (Lomwe, Malawi) cikho; (Luyia) tsindashe1; (Maithili) kunḍal; (Malay) pepasan, papasan; (Malayalam) kowva, kovalam, gwel, kova, kwel, thondi; (Maltese) qara tork; (Marathi) tondli, bimbi, thondali, tendli, kondvalli, thendli, zidadi; (Nepali) ban kiri; (Oriya) kaichi, kakudi; (Panjabi, Eastern) kanouri, tinda, tendu, tendus; (Polish) tykwa bluszczowa; (Sanskrit) bimba, bimbee, bimbika, bimbaka, chharindini, danthachhadaa, danthachhadopama, govhi, jhundikeshi, kaamboja, karmakari, katubimbi, katuka, katutundika, oshthi, oshtopamaphala, piluparni, rakthaphala, ruchiraphala, thikthabimbi, thikthakhya, thikthathundi, thundi, thundika, thundikeri, thundiparyyayaga; (Serer-Sine) safu gaynak; (Songhay) lombaria; (Spanish) pepino cimarrón; (Tamil) kovai, kovaikai, kavaikai, kovaikaai, thondai; (Telugu) dondakaya, kaakidonda, donda kaya, bimbika, donda, dondatheege, kaaidonda; (THAI) tamlueng, phaktamlung, phakkhaep; (Tulu) manoli; (Turkish) aǧma kabaǧi; (Urdu) tinda, kanduzi; (Vietnamese) hoa b[as]t, rau b[as]t; (Vlaams) klimopkalebas; (Wolof) yombu mbet, yomb u mbot [Cultivated vegetables of the world: a multilingual onomasticon]

Some more vernacular names: Bangladesh: Kawajhinga, Telakucha;, Chinese: Hong Gua;, Danish : Skariagenagurk;, Ethiopia : Gale ( Afaan Oromo );, French : Gourde Écarlate De L´Inde Tindola,, Courge Écarlate;, German : Scharlachranke, Tindola;, India : Kunduli ( Assamese ), Kundri, Telakucha,, Telakuch ( Bengali ), Bimb, Gol, Golan, Golenda,, Kaduri, Kandaroi, Kanduri, Kanturi, Kunduru,, Shiv Lingi ( Hindu ), Kaage Thonde, Kaagethonde,, Konde Balli, Sihithonde, Theekkuduru, Thonde, Balli, Thundike, Tondikay ( Kannada) , Covel,, Kova, Koval ( Malayalam ), Bimbi, Kondvalli,, Thendli, Thondali, Tondili, Tondli, Zidadi, ( Marathi ), Ban-kundri, Kundru ( Oriya) ,, Bhrngaraja, Bimbi, Bimbika, Chilihindah,, Patalagarudah, Vira ( Sanskrit ), Acoki, Annalvalli,, Aracan, Aracanviroti, Araiyanviroti, Attarittan,, Avaiyanal, Avanti, Avaramuli, Ayanamatti,, Ayavalli, Cempi, Cenkovai, Ciranapimpi, Ciravi,, Civakamuli, Civanarpakal, Civanarpavai,, Civanarpavaikkoti, Cutakatti, Ilinkapputol,, Kakkam, Katumatuppi, Katutumpi, Korutan,, Kotturukanni, Kovai, Kovaikkay, Kovvankay,, Koyilakam, Kulirntukolli, Kunkumakkovai,, Kutamakaram, Kuvattinurukanni, Makaciravi,, Mannumulunki, Marikovai, Matampuratti,, Matupakku, Matupari, Nallakovai, Naripputu,, Narkovai, Periyakovai, Perunkovai,, Perunkovaikkoti, Perunkovikakkoti, Perunkovikam,, Pimpakam, Pimpam, Pimpi, Pimpikai, Potanacani,, Rattakkovai, Rattakkovaikkoti, Talavaykkovai,, Tirattikkovai, Tuntakeri, Tuntakori, Tunti, Tuntikeri,, Vattakkarimuli, Vattakkovai, Velikkovvai,, Vimpakakkoti, Vimpakam, Vimpi, Vimpikai,, Velikkovvaikkoti, Vellaippuvi ( Tamil) , Bimbika,, Donda, Donda Kaya, Dondatheege, Kaaidonda,, Kaakidonda, Kaki Donda ( Telugu );, Indonesia : Bolu Teke, Kapasan, Kemarongan,, Papasan, Sarap Alas, Tekli ( Java ), Aropi Papasan, ( Sundanese ), Papasan, Paspasan, Sarap Alas, ( Madurese );, Japanese : Yasai Karasu Uri;, Kenya : Nyamutu Kuru ( Luo );, Khmer : Slok Baahs;, Laos : Tam Ling, Tam Min;, Malaysia : Pepasan;, Marshall Islands : Kiuri Awia;, Nepalese : Akhu Pami, Golkakri, Gol Kankri,, Kundaruu, Kundaru, Van Kirii;, Niger : Magaro;, Pakistan : Kanduri, Kundur;, Pohnpei : Aipikohr;, Somalia : Guud-Fayleey;, Spanish : Pepino Cimarrón;, Swahili : Ruho;, Thai : Tam Lueng, Phak Tam Lueng;, Vietnamese : Bát, Hoa Bát, Rau Bát, Chum Bát., [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants]

Ayurvedic Uses: Hypoglycaemic, antiprotozoal.

Numerous scientifi c studies have validated the plant’s hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activities as well as anti-hyperuricaemia and antitussive attributes and supported its traditional medicinal uses for diabetes, lowering blood cholesterol, gout and other complaints [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants]

Activities  — Alexeteric,  Amebicide,  Antiemetic,  Antipyretic,  Antiseptic,  Antispasmodic,  Aphrodisiac,  Astringent,  Bitter,  Depurative,  Diaphoretic,  Emetic,  Expectorant,  Hypoglycemic,  Laxative,  Parasiticide,  Protisticide .

Indications  — Adenopathy,  Ameba,  Anemia,  Asthma,  Biliousness,  Bronchosis,  Catarrh,  Constipation,  Convulsion,  Cramp,  Dermatosis,  Diabetes,  Dusgeusia,  Dysuria,  Earache,  Enterosis,  Fever,  Fungus,  Gas,  Glossosis,  Glycosuria,  Gonorrhea,  Gravel,  Halitosis,  Inflammation,  Itch,  Jaundice,  Leprosy,  Menorrhagia,  Mycosis,  Ophthalmia,  Parasite,  Parturition,  Psoriasis,  Ringworm,  Sinusosis,  Smallpox,  Snakebite,  Sore,  Sore Throat,  Stomatosis,  Syndrome-X,  Syphilis,  Tuberculosis,  Vomiting [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs by James A. Duke]

The roots are useful in vomiting; leaves fruits useful in skin diseases, fever, asthma, cough and jaundice [Herbal Cures Traditional Approach]

33 Published articles of Coccinia grandis

Bacopa monnieri Manduka Parni Brahmi Saraswathy Nirbrahmi Kleines_Fettblatt Indian pennywort

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.
Family: Plantaginaceae

Synonyms: Anisocalyx limnanthiflorus (L.) Hance Bacopa micromonnieria (Griseb.) B.L.Rob. Bacopa micromonnieria (Griseb.) Borhidi Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Bacopa monnieri (L.) Edwall Bacopa monnieri war. cuneifolia Michx. Bacopa monnieri var. micromonnieria (Griseb.) Pennell Bacopa monnieria Hayata & Matsum. [Illegitimate] Bacopa monnieria var. cuneifolia (Michx.) Fernald Bramia indica Lam. Bramia micromonnieria (Griseb.) Pennell Bramia monnieri (L.) Drake Bramia monnieri (L.) Pennell Calytriplex obovata Ruiz & Pav. Capraria monnieria Roxb. Gratiola monnieri (L.) L. Gratiola portulacacea Weinm. Gratiola tetrandra Stokes Habershamia cuneifolia (Michx.) Raf. Herpestis cuneifolia Michx. Herpestis monnieri (L.) Rothm. Herpestis monnieri (L.) Kunth Herpestis procumbens Spreng. Limosella calycina Forsk. Lysimachia monnieri L. Moniera africana Pers. Moniera brownei Pers. Moniera pedunculosa Pers. Monniera cuneifolia Michx. Monnieria africana Pers. Monnieria brownei Pers. Monnieria pedunculosa Pers. Septas repens Lour.

Synonyms: Bacopa monnieria (L.) Wettst.; Bramia indica Lamarck; B. monniera (L.) Pennell; Calyptriplex obovata R. & P.; Gratiola monniera L.; Habershamia cuneifolia (Michx.) Raf.; Herpestis cuneifolia Michx.; H. monniera (L.) Kunth; H. procumbens Sprengel; Limosella calycina Forsskal; Lysimachia monniera L. (basionym); Moniera africana Pers.; M. brownei Michx.; M. cuneifolia Michx.; M. pedunculosa Michx.; Septas repens Loureiro; fide (BAZ; USN).

Common Names:  Adhabirni (Ben., KAB, NAD), Adha-Birni (India, USN), Bacopa (Eng., Por., Scn., AH2, GMJ, USN), Bam (Guj., SKJ), Bama (Bom., DEP, KAB), Bamba (Mah., NAD), Barambi (Hindi, KAB), Barna (Ker., SKJ), Beami (Mal., DEP), Bĕremi (Malaya, IHB), Bharati (Sanskrit, KAB), Brahmi (Ayu., Hindi, Sanskrit, AH2, KAB), Brahmi-Sac (Ben., WO2), Brambhi (Hindi, EFS), Brāhmī (India, Nepal, Tam., AH2, KAB, OFF), Bremi (Malaya, KAB), Brihmisak (Ben., KAB, NAD), Brmhacharini (Sanskrit, KAB), Brmhakanyaka (Ben., KAB), Dhop Kammi (Ben., NAD), Divya (Sanskrit, KAB), Divyateja (Sanskrit, KAB), Ghola (Mah., SKJ), Graciola (Cuba, AVP), Herb of Grace (Eng., Ocn., AH2, AUS), Hierba de Culebra (Pr., AVP), Indian Pennywort (Eng., Ocn., AH2), Jalabrahmi (Sanskrit, NAD), Jalanimba (Ben., WO2), Jalanin (Urdu, KAB), Jalnavera (Mah., WO2), Jalneem (Hindi, KAB, SKJ), Kapotavanka (Sanskrit, KAB), Kapotavega (Sanskrit, KAB), Krishnaparna (Oriya, KAB), Lunuvila (Sin., KAB), Mahaushadhi (Sanskrit, KAB), Mandukamata (Sanskrit, KAB), Mandukaparni (India, AH2), Mandúki (Sanskrit, DEP, KAB, NAD), Matsyakshi (Sanskrit, KAB), Medhya (Sanskrit, KAB), Moneywort (Eng., USN), Neerbrahmi (Mal., Mar., Tam., WO3), Nibrami (Tam., KAB), Nirabrahmi (Sanskrit, Urdu, KAB, WO2), Nirpirimi (Tam., KAB), Nirubrahmi (Hindi, Kan., KAB, WO3), Pa Chi T’ien (China, EFS, KAB), Pak Mi (Thai, IHB), Parameshthini (Sanskrit, KAB), Petite Véronique (Wi., AUS, GMJ), Pu Tiao Ts’ao  (China, EFS), Rau Dâng (FAC), Safed Chamni (Hindi, India, KAB, USN), Safed Kammi (Hindi, NAD), Sambranichettu (Tel., KAB, WO2), Saraswati (Sanskrit, KAB), Saumyalata (Sanskrit, KAB), Sharada (Sanskrit, KAB), Soma (Sanskrit, KAB), Surasa (Sanskrit, KAB), Surashreshtha (Sanskrit, KAB), Sureshta (Sanskrit, KAB), Survachala (Sanskrit, KAB), Svetakamini (Sanskrit, NAD), Svetchamni (Hindi, KAB), Swayambhuvi (Sanskrit, KAB), Thyme-Leaved Gratiola (Eng., EFS, NAD), Ti Quinine (Creole, GMJ), Vaidhatri (Sanskrit, KAB), Vallari (Sanskrit, KAB), Vara (Sanskrit, KAB), Vayastha (Sanskrit, KAB), Verdolaga de Costa (Cuba, AUS), Véronique (Fwi., AUS), Vira (Sanskrit, KAB), Water Hyssop (Eng., Ocn., AH2, FAC), Ya’ax-Kach (Maya, AUS), Yerba de Culebra (Pr., AUS). [Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]

Common name: Brahmi, Water Hyssop, Indian pennywort
Arabic: باكوبا منيرة
Assamese: Brahmi
Bengali: Brahmi-sak
Chinese: 假馬齒莧
Deutsch: Kleines Fettblatt
Finnish: Pikkubakopa
Gujarati: Jalanevari
Hebrew: פשטה שרועה
Hindi: ब्राह्मी Brahmi
Jawa: オトメアゼナ
Kannada: Brahmi, Jalabrahmi
Manipuri: Brahmi-sak
Malayalam: ബ്രഹ്മി brahmi
Marathi: Brahmi
Nepali: मेधा गिरी Medha giree
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मी brahmi, gundala, indravalli, jalasaya, Manduka Parni
Tamil: நீர்ப்pராமி Nirbrahmi
Telugu: సరస్వతి saraswathy

Uses: Used as nervine tonic/memory enhancer [Advances in Medicinal Plants]

Chemistry: Plant contains bacosides A & B, bacogenins, stigmasterol, stigmaotanol B-sitosterol. Leaves give herpestine/ Monnierin is also isolated from the plant. [Advances in Medicinal Plants]

Ayurvedic uses: Kushta, Jvara, Sopha, Pandu, Prameha, Manasavikara [API, PArt-1]
Brahmi or Thyme leaved gratiola is an important drug in Ayurveda for the improvement of intelligence and memory and revitalisation of sense organs. It clears voice and improves digestion. It is suggested against dermatosis, anaemia, diabetes, cough, dropsy, fever, arthritis, anorexia, dyspepsia, emaciation, and insanity. It dispels poisonous affections, splenic disorders and impurity of blood. It is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and vata, biliousness, neuralgia, ascites, flatulence, leprosy, leucoderma, syphilis, sterility and general debility. The whole plant is used in a variety of preparations like Brahmighrtam, Sarasvataristam., Brahmitailam, Misrakasneham, etc. In unani Majun Brahmi is considered as a brain tonic [MEDICINAL PLANTS by P. P. Joy, J. Thomas, Samuel Mathew, Baby P. Skaria]

Bacopa monnieri L. (Scrophulariaceae) has a long history of use in India as an anti-ageing and memory-enhancing ethnobotanical therapy. It has been mentioned in religious, social and medical treatises of India since the time of Atharvan Ved (800 BC); the first clear reference to its CNS effect is to be found in Charak Samhita, written in the first century AD. It is mentioned in the authentic Ayurvedic treatise, Susrutu Samhita, which describes brahmi as efficacious in the loss of intellect and memory. The alcoholic extract of brahmi showed a beneficial effect on the acquisition, consolidation and retention of three newly acquired behavioural responses in albino rats (Singh et al., 1982). Alcoholic extract of brahmi (40 mg/kg) and its two important chemical constituents, bacosides A and B (10 mg/kg), were investigated for shock-motivated brightness discrimination reaction, active conditioned avoidance and conditioned taste aversion response. Preadministration for 3 days with bacosides A and B significantly improved the acquisition, consolidation and retention in all three behavioural paradigms. Beside this effect bacosides attenuated the retrograde amnesia produced by immobilisation-induced stress, and scopolamine[Evaluation of Herbal Medicinal Products Perspectives on quality, safety and efficacy]

Activities  — Adaptogen,  Analgesic,  Anticancer,  Anticonvulsant,  Antiinflammatory,  Antioxidant,  Antitumor,  Anxiolytic,  Aperient,  Aphrodisiac,  Cardiotonic,  Cerebrotonic,  Convulsant,  Diuretic,  Emetic,  Expectorant,  Hypertensive,  Hypotensive,  Laxative,  Memorigenic,  Negative Chronotropic,  Nervine,  Neurotonic,  Sedative,  Spasmogenic,  Tonic,  Tranquilizer,  Vasoconstrictor.

Indications  — Aging,  Anemia,  Anxiety,  Aphonia,  Ascites,  Asthenia,  Asthma,  Bronchosis,  Cancer,  Cardiopathy,  Catarrh,  Constipation,  Convulsion,  Cough,  Diarrhea,  Dyspepsia,  Dysuria,  Epilepsy,  Fever,  High Blood Pressure,  Hoarseness,  Hysteria,  Impotence,  Inflammation,  Insanity,  Insomnia,  Leprosy,  Lethargy,  Leukoderma,  Low Blood Pressure,  Nervousness,  Neurasthenia,  Pain,  Rheumatism,  Scabies,  Splenomegaly,  Stress,  Stroke,  Syphilis,  Tumor,  Water Retention.
[Handbook of Medicinal Herbs by James A. Duke]

Nayadis, Bhils, ethnic communities of Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Maharashtra use the herb as tonic and different parts in many diseases but not in family welfare. According to Atharva Veda the herb improves the quality of semen; in Ayurvedic system it is used for invigorating sex and in many disabilities and diseases; in unani and allopathic systems the herb is considered useful in low adynamic conditions and many other diseases. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach by Dr. D.A.Patil]

The drug contains alkaloid (brahmine) and triterpenoid saponins (bacosides A and B). The plant is used as a nervine tonic, and diuretic and is commonly used to treat asthma, epilepsy, insanity, and hoarseness. It is a major constituent of medhya rasayana formulations, which facilitates learning and improves memory. Initial studies using 50% ethanolic extract of the whole plant without roots demonstrated its effects on short and long term memory retention. Bhattacharya and his coworkers studied the effects of B. monnieri extract on AD using a rat model. Oral administration of a 5 to 10 mg extract per kilogram of body weight markedly reduced the memory deficits as well as acetylcholine concentrations, choline acetylase activity, and muscuranic receptor binding in the hippocampus
and frontal cortex [Herbal Drugs: Ethnomedicine to Modern Medicine, by K.G. Ramawat]

Adaptogenic, astringent, diuretic, sedative, potent nervine tonic, anti-anxiety agent (improves mental functions, used in insanity, epilepsy), antispasmodic (used in bronchitis, asthma and diarrhoea). Key application: In psychic disorders and as a brain tonic. [Indian Medicinal Plants
An Illustrated Dictionary]

Whole plant: Mixed with a little salt into a bitter infusion used for a febrifuge and antimalarial.
CHEM: Contains the alkaloid brahmine, which raises blood pressure when administered in therapeutic dosage, and is hypotensive when given in very strong dosage. A tranquilizing saponin resembling reserpine is also present. Alcoholic extract of plant is a muscle relaxant and cardiovascular relaxant [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

Unani uses: Muqawwi-e-Dimagh Wa Hafiza, Musakkin, Musaffi-e-Dam, Mudir-e-Baul,Waja-ul-Asab, Musakkin, Hirkat-ul-b.

245 Published articles on Bacopa monnieri

Cyanthillium cinereum Sahadevi Purple feabane Little ironweed Sadodi

Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob.
Family: Asteraceae
Other Latin names:  Blumea chinensis (L.) DC.; Conyza chinensis L.; Conyza cinerea L.; Senecioides cinerea (L.) Kuntze ex Britt. & Wilson; Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxb.; Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.; Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinw.) DC.
Common name: Little ironweed,
English: ironweed,little ironweed,small ironweed, vernonia, Purple feabane
Japanese: mura-saki-mukashi- yomogi, reinan-nogiku, yambaru-higotai
Chuukese: enen chuko
Fijian: kaukamea, tho vuka,vutikaumondro
Chamorro: chaguan Santa Maria
Mangarevan: kaka kaka, meika, tuna
Marshallese: jan-aelon-nan-aelon, janailin Nonailin, janaelon-nan-aelon,janailin-nonailin, senailing nagailing, janaelong
French: ayapana sauvage
Palauan: edngeong,etngeong
Satawalese:  opusar
Tongan:  fisi puna
Hindi: Sahadevi सहदेवी
Marathi: Sadodi
Malayalam: Poovam kurunnila, Poovamkurunthala
Tamil: பூவங்குருந்தல் Puvamkuruntal
Telugu: Sahadevi, సహదేవి
Bengali: Kuksim

Uses: Stem and Leaf: Decoction for diuretic, kidney disorders, swellings, inflammation, lower abdominal pains and menstrual pains; also to expel the placenta and as an abortifacient. It is considered a more potent abortifacient and better treatment for menstrual pains when C. cinereum is decocted with Justicia secunda. Leaf: Boiled with Stachytarpheta jamaicensis for treating albuminuria; sprains. In Guyana, leaves are used in a tea for cleansing the blood.
CHEM: Plant contains triterpenes and sterols; oil contains vernolic acid. Various extracts of the plant are antiviral, anticancer and diuretic.

5 Published articles on Cyanthillium cinereum + 91 articles on Vernonia cinerea

Rumex dentatus Toothed Dock Jangli palak Changeri

Rumex dentatus L.
Family: Polygonaceae
Synonyms: Rumex dentatus subsp. klotzschianus (Meisn.) Rech. f., Rumex * halacsyi Rech. f., Rumex klotzschianus Meisn.
Rumex limosus Thuill., Rumex nipponicus Franch. & Sav.

Common name: Toothed Dock, Dentate or Aegean Dock, Indian Sorrel
Arabic: ضرس العجوز
Assamese: Jangali chuka
Chinese: 齿果酸模  Chi guo suan mo
Hebrew: Chum'ah meshunnenet  חֻמְעָה מְשֻׁנֶּנֶת .
Hindi: Ambavati, Amrule, Ambavah, जंगली पालक Jangli palak
Sanskrit: Changeri
Spanish: cañagre; lengua de vaca
Swedish: Tandskräppa
Western Punjabi: جنگلی پالک

Ayurvedic uses: Plant—astringent; used in cutaneous disorders [Indian Medicinal Plants - Ayurveda]

34 Published article list of Rumex dentatus

Alcea rosea Hollyhock Gulkhaira stockros shu kui

Alcea rosea L.
Family: Malvaceae
Synonyms: Alcea biennis Winterl, Alcea ficifolia Nyman, Althaea caribaea Sims, Althaea chinensis Wall., Althaea coromandeliana Cav., Althaea flexuosa Sims, Althaea meonantha Link, Althaea mexicana Kunze, Althaea rosea (L.) Cav., Althaea rosea var. sinensis (Cav.) S.Y. Hu, Althaea sinensis Cav., Althaea sinensis Blanco
Common name: Hollyhock
Urdu: गुलखैरा Gulkhaira
Arabic: ختمية
English: hollyhock
Chinese: shu kui
French: rose trémière
German: chinesische Stockrose, gewöhnliche Stockrose, Stockmalve, Stockrose
Japanese Rōmaji: tachi-aoi
Russian: shtok rosa
Spanish: alcea, malvaloca, malvarrosa,vara de San José
Swedish: stockros

Activities : Analgesic,  Antipyretic,  Astringent,  Circulostimulant,  Demulcent,  Diuretic,  Emollient,  Fungistat,  Gastroprotective,  Hypoglycemic,  Stomachic,  Vasoprotective.
Indications: Abscess,  Bite,  Bleeding,  Boil,  Bruise,  Burn,  Cancer,  Childbirth,  Cold,  Colosis,  Constipation,  Cough,  Cramp,  Cystosis,  Dermatosis,  Diabetes,  Dysentery,  Dysmenorrhea,  Enterosis,  Fever,  Gastrosis,  Goiter,  Gravel,  Hematuria,  Hemorrhoid,  Inflammation,  Itch,  Jaundice,  Malaria,  Miscarriage,  Pain,  Pharyngosis,  Pulmonosis,  Respirosis,  Rheumatism,  Snakebite,  Sore,  Sore Throat,  Stomatosis,  Sweating,  Tenesmus,  Thirst,  Urethrosis,  Water Retention. [Hand Book of Medicinal Herbs]
Althaea rosea (L.) is used as mucilage for prophylaxis and therapy of diseases and discomforts of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract and for urinary complaints. [Indian Medicinal Plamts - Ayurveda]

33 Published article list

Elephantopus scaber prastarini hasti pada Tapak liman aanaccuvati yanai ccuvati gobhi sahasra buti

Elephantopus scaber Linn.
Family: Asteraceae
Vernacular names:
Bengali: হস্তী পাদ hasti pada, Gojialata, Shamdulum ,
Chinese: 地胆草, ku di dan
English: Elephant foot, False tobacco, Prickly-leaved elephant’s foot
Gujarati: Bhopathari
Hindi: अधोमुख adhomukha, बन तम्बाखू ban-tambakhu, गोभी gobhi
Jawa: Tapak liman
Kannada: ಆನೆಕಾಲು ಗಿಡ aanekaalu gida, ಹಸ್ತಿ ಪಾದ hasti pada, Hakkarike
Konkani: hakkarike
Malayalam: ആനച്ചുവടി aanaccuvati
Marathi: हस्तीपात hastipata, पातरी OR पाथरी pathari
Nepalese: सहस्त्र बुटि sahasra buti
Oriya: mayurachula
Sanskrit: अधपातः adhapata, गोजिह्वा gojihva OR गोजिव्हा gojivha, खरपर्णिनी kharaparnini, प्रस्तरिणी prastarini, Karipadam
Tamil: யானைச்சுவடி yanai-c-cuvati
Telugu: Enugu tamara ఏనుగు తామర
Urdu: گوبهی gobhi
Burmese: Katoopin
French: lastron marron
Taiwan: teng khia
Filipino: dila dila

Ayurvedic Uses: Astringent, alterative, febrifuge, Antimicrobial.
In Burma, a decoction of the aerial parts is drunk to treat irregular menses. In China, the plant is eaten as a salad and is a believed to improve general health. In several Southeast Asian countries the plant is used to break fevers and prompt urination. [Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants Asia and the Pacific]

The effect of aqueous ethanol extracts and the isolated compound deoxyelephantopin from E. scaber Linn. was evaluated on excision, incision, and dead space wound models in rats. The wound-healing activity was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, skin-breaking strength, weight of the granulation tissue, and collagen content. Histological study of the granulation tissue was carried out to know the extent of collagen formation in the wound tissue.

Plant—astringent, cardiac tonic, diuretic, mucilaginous, emmolient (used in dysuria, diarrhoea, dysentery. Leaves applied to ulcers and eczema. Roots—given to patients with heart and liver affections; topically in rheumatism. Root and leaf— used in dysuria and other urethral complaints. An infusion of the whole plant is used to stimulate diuresis, reduce fever and to eliminate bladder stones. The decoction is also used in peptic ulcers, swelling or pain in stomach. Plant is also used in piles and scabies. [Indian Medicinal Plants Ayurveda]

In Burma, a decoction of the stems and leaves is drunk to regulate menses. In Malaysia, the scraping of the roots in betel quid is used to curb vomiting and the leaves are eaten as salad by Chinese. InVietnam, the plant is used to promote urination and recovery from childbirth. A decoction of the entire plant is used to treat pulmonary diseases and to soothe inflamed parts. A decoction of the leaves is used to treat venereal diseases. In India, the plant is used to invigorate health, relieve the bowels from costiveness, assuage pain, soothe inflammation and to stimulate venereal desire. In the Philippines, the plant is used to combat fever and to promote urination. In Taiwan, the roots are used to assuage pain in the chest. In Indonesia, the roots pounded in water are used to treat leucorrhea and anemia. The plant is used to promote urination and to combat fever. In China, the plant is used to promote urination and to soothe inflammation. [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future? ]

Whole plant: Decoction applied on mycoses (fungal diseases).[Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

Chemical Constituents: The plant contains germacranolide dilactones. Hydroxylated germacanolides, molephantin andmolephantinin, exhibited cytotoxic and antitumour properties. The plant also gave epifriedelanol, lupeol, stigmasterol, triacontan-l-ol and dotriacontan-l-ol.  Plant contains deoxyelephantopine, an antitumoral sesquiterpene lactone.

45 Published articles of Elephantopus scaber

Operculina turpethum nisoth devadanti tegada civatai

Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso
Family: Convolvulaceae
Synonyms: Argyreia alulata Miq., Convolvulus anceps L, Convolvulus turpethum L, Ipomoea anceps (L.) Roem. & Schult., Ipomoea turpethum (L.) R. Br., Ipomoea turpethum van anceps (L.) Miq., Merremia turpethum (L.) Rendle, Merremia turpethum (L.) Bojer
Operculina turpethum vat. heterophylla Hallierf., Splranthera turpethum (L.) Bojer

Chinese: 盒果藤
English: Indian Jalap, St. Thomas lidpod, transparent wood rose, turpeth root, white day glory
Hindi : निशोथ nisoth, पिठोरी pitohri
Kannada: aluthi gida, bangada balli, bilitigade, devadanti, nagadanti, ಬಿಳಿತಿಗಡೆ bilitigade, ತಿಗಡೆ ಬೇರು tigade beru
Malayalam : tigade, ത്രികോല്പക്കൊന്ന thrikoolpakkonna
Marathi: निसोत्तर or निशोत्तर nisottar,
Sanskrit : निशोत्र nishotra, त्रिपुट triputa, त्रिवृथ trivrutha
Tamil : adimbu, சரளம் caralam, சிவதை civatai, கும்பஞ்சான் kumpncan, பகன்றை paganrai
Telugu : తెగడ tegada, త్రివృత్ తెల్లతెగ trivrut tellatega

Ayurvedic uses: Malabandha, Gulma, Udara Roga, Jvara, Sopha Pandu, Pliha, Vrana, Krimi, Kushta, Kandu, Kamala
Root: Purgative, antidote, antiinflammatory
White Turpeth is preferred to Black Turpeth as cathartic; the latter produces drastic purgation and causes vomiting, fainting and giddiness. White Turpeth is derived from Marsdenia tenacissima in folk medicine. The active principle of O. turpethum is a glycosidic resin present in the drug. It is similar to jalap resin and is concentrated mostly in the root bark. It contains an ether insoluble glycoside, turpethin, which constitutes about half of the resin and two ether soluble glycosides, alpha-and beta-turpethein respectively).
Siddha uses: Anal kunmam, Eli vitam, Malakattu
Constituents: alpha-Turpethin, Beta-turpethin and volatile oil.
Unani uses: Istisqa, Wajaul Mafasil, Irqun Nasa, Laqwa, Falij, Sual

Further details here

Calendula officinalis Mary Gold Banthi Thulukka Saamanthi Zergul

Calendula officinalis L.
Family: Compositae
Synonums: Calendula aurantiaca Kotschy ex Boiss., Calendula eriocarpa DC., Calendula hydruntina (Fiori) Lanza, Calendula officinalis var. prolifera Hort., Calendula prolifera Hort. ex Steud., Calendula × santamariae Font Quer, Calendula sinuata var. aurantiaca (Klotzsch ex Boiss.) Boiss., Caltha officinalis (L.) Moench

 Hindi: Genda गेंदा, Zergul
Punjabi: Gulsarfi गुलसर्फ़ी
Urdu: गुले अशर्फ़ी Gul-e-Ashrafi
Vietnamese: Cúc vạn thọ
French: Souci des jardins
Punjabi: Akbelulmulk, Saladbargh
Tamil: Thulukka Saamanthi
Telugu: Chamanti poolu,
Some other vernacular names: Atunjaq, calendula, Chinese safflower, cuc kim tiên, djamir, djomaira, feminell, flamenquilla, fleur de calandule, fleur de souci, fleur de souci officinal, fleurs de tous les mois, garden marigold, gold-bloom, Goldblume, gole hamisheh bahar, hen and chickens, Körömvirag, lellousha, maravilla, marigold, mary-bud, ok-hhawan, pot marigold, qaraqus, qawqhan, quaqahan, ringflower, Ringelblüten, saialill, sciure’e Sant’antonio, souci, souci des jardins, tabsoult, toukinsenka, tousslat, uchu k’aspa, virreina, xu xi, zergul zerzira, zobeida, zubaydah

Marigold is antispasmodic, deobstruent, diapnoretic, and in some degree also emmenagogue. It is useful for wind, disorders of the stomach and liver, in some forms of headache, and in jaundice. In low fevers it is employed with success; and in measles, smallpox, and eruptive diseases, more especially in those of children, it forms one of the most valuable medicines extant. The infusion is the most convenient form for employment, and no difficulty is experienced in getting even infants to drink it freely. In febrile and eruptive complaints it may be given in any quantity, the patient being allowed to drink it at any time, being in fact used rather as a beverage than as a medicine. It induces a gentle determination to the surface, and brings out the eruption, while thoroughly cleansing the entire system of morbid humours and secretions, leaving every organ in a perfectly healthy condition. [THE BOTANIC PHARMACOPOEIA]

Used to relieve minor skin conditions [Canadian Medicinal Crops]

Pot marigold petals, fresh or dried, give a delicate, aromatic, salty bitterness (some say sweetness) and a strong color to dishes. The petals add color and texture rather than strong flavor to drinks and foods (Bryan and Castle 1974). The flowers or their extracts are used to color and flavor puddings, soups, stews, salads, omelets, buns and cakes.[Culinary Herbs]

The plant has been employed for a long time in folk medicine. More than 35 properties have been attributed to the decoction and tinctures from the plant, e.g. choleretic, anti-!"'tflammatory, antispasmodic, mild diaphoretic, anti-haemorrhagic, emmenagogue, bactericide (Duke, 1991). Traditionally, it has been used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and epistaxis; crucial ulcers, varicose veins, haemorrhoids, anal eczema, proctitis, lymphadenoma, inflamed cutivaneous lesion (topically) and conjunctivitis (as an eye lotion). The German Comission E approved internal and external
use for inflammation of oral and pharyngeal mucosa and external use in treatment of poorly healing sores (Barnes et. ai., 2002). Calendula extract were reviewed and the vasoprotective action of the extract was tested on the skin of rabbits by measuring the decrease of the capillary permeability (Russo, 1972). [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]

Diaphoretic, stimulant, antispasmodic [HERBAL MANUAL]

Flowers—anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, stimulant, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, antihaemorrhagic, styptic. Used in gastric and duodenal ulcers and dysmenorrhoea; externally for cuts, bruises, burns, scalds. Plant—antiprotozoal. Flower— antimicrobial. Essential oil— antibacterial. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

A hot infusion influences the circulation toward the surface and is diaphoretic. It is also a soothing antispasmodic nervine, and gently influences the menstrual flow. It is useful as an alterative to cleanse the blood in strumous troubles. An infusion forms an excellent wash in ophthalmia and it may be made into an ointment for bruises and sprains. Used in cases of otorrhoea an infusion lessens the discharge, and applied to sores, ulcers, or wounds, it cleanses the surface and promotes the process of granulation and healing. Even cancerom;. sores are much benefited by its use. [Physio-Medical Therapeutics, Materia Medica and Pharmacy]

641 Published articles of Calendula officinalis

Aristolochia littoralis / Aristolochia elegans Calico Flower, Dutchman's Pipe

Aristolochia littoralis Parodi

Synonym: Aristolochia elegans

Family: Aristolochiaceae

Common Name: Calico Flower, Dutchman's Pipe, Pipe vine
23 Published article list of Aristolochia littoralis

Gymnema sylvestre Gurmar Meshashringi Chakkaraikolli Karvali Gudmar

Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Synonyms: Periploca sylvestris Willd., Gymnema melicida Edgew.
English Names: Vine, Periploca of the the Woods
Chinese: 匙羹藤,  Chi geng teng
Gujarati: Kaavalee, Medhasinge
Hebrew: ג'ימנמה
Hindi: चमत्कार बेरी chamatkar beri, Gurhmar, Medhasingi, छॊटा दूधीलता chhota-dudhilata, गुढ़मार gudmar, गुरमार gurmar, मॆढ़शिंगी medhashingi,
Kannada: ಮಧುನಾಶಿನಿ madhunasini, kadhasige, sannagera, sannagerasehambu
Malayalam: ചക്കരക്കൊല്ലി, Shiru kuranja
Marathi: kavali, bedaki, bedakuli, kalikardori, kaoli
Oriya: meshasringi
Sanskrit:  Meshashiringi, अजगंधिनी ajaghandini, कर्णिका karnika, kshinavartta, मधुनसिनी madhunasini
Tamil: Sirukurinchaan சிறுகுரிஞ்சான்), Amudhapushpam, Chakkarakkolli.
Telugu: పొడపత్రి podapatri
Urdu: gurmarگرمار, gurmar booti, gurmar patta

Chemical constituents: Triterpenoid saponins of gymnemic acid A, B, C and D with sugarresidues such as glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, ferulic and angelic acids attached as carboxylic acids. Several isopropylene derivatives of gymnemagenin, a hexahydroterpene, gymnemagenin, gymnemic acid. The leaves also contain betaine, choline, gymnamine alkaloids, inositol, d-quercitol. Hydrocarbons such as nonacosane, hentriacontane, tritriacontane, pentatriacontane, phytin, resin, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, γ-butyric acid.



Ayurvedic uses: Sula, Sopha, Arsha, Svasa, Hrudroga, kasa, Kustha, netraroga, Prameha, Vrana, Dantakrimi, Madhumeha, Mutrakrucha, Vatahara, Daha.
It is reported to cure cough, dyspnoea, ulcers, pitta, kapha and pain in the eyes. The plant is useful in inflammations, hepatosplenomegaly, dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, haemorrhoids, strangury, renal and vesical calculi, helminthiasis, cardiopathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, intermittent fever, amenorrhoea, conjuctivitis and leucoderma. The fresh leaves when chewed have the remarkable property of paralysing the sense of taste for sweet and bitter substance for some time (Warrier et al, 1995). The drug is described as a destroyer of madhumeha (glycosuria) and other urinary disorders. Root has long been reputed as a remedy for snakebite. Leaves triturated and mixed with castor oil are applied to swollen glands and enlargement of internal viscera as the liver and spleen (Nadkarni, 1954). The drug is used to strengthen the function of heart, cure jaundice, piles, urinary calculi, difficult micturition and intermittent fevers.

In homoeopathy, a drug obtained from the leaves and roots is prescribed for both diabetesmellitus and insipidus Gymnemic acid is reported to inhibit melanin formation in vitro. It also inhibits dental plaque formation.

Leaf—antidiabetic. Stimulates the heart and circulatory system, activates the uterus. Used in parageusia and furunculosis. Plant—diuretic, antibilious. Root—
emetic, expectorant, astringent, stomachic.

Adenopathy, Asthma, Biliousness, Bite, Boil, Bronchosis, Cardiopathy, Conjunctivosis, Constipation, Cornea, Cough, Diabetes, Dysuria, Epilepsy, Fever, Furunculosis, Glycosuria, Hemorrhoid, High Cholesterol, IDDM, Inflammation, Leukoderma, NIDDM, Obesity, Opacities, Ophthalmia, Pain, Paraguesia, Side Ache, Snakebite, Stomachache, Syndrome X, Water Retention, Worms.[Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]


Traditional Use: Kol: Leaf: in gastric troubles; Ethnic Communities of Rajasthan and Ohasan Valley: Leaf: in diabetes; Ethnic Communities of Kandala (Maharashtra): Leaf: in urinary complaints; Gond: Leaf: in diabetes, stomachache; Ethnic Communities of Madhya Pradesh: Leaf: in cornea opacity and other eye diseases; Ethnic Communities of Godavari District (Andhra Pradesh): Leaf: in diabetes, glycosuria; Irular: Leaf: in diabetes; Charaka Samhita: removes bad odour from breast milk, aperitive; Sushruta Samhita: plant useful as purgative, in eye troubles; leaf extract and also the same of flower beneficial for eyes; bark useful in the diseases caused by vitiated kapha (phlegm); Bagbhat: rootbark useful in piles; Bhavaprakasha: it is bitter, appetiser, gastric stimulant, removes cough, alleviates breathing troubles, useful in curing phlegm, eyetroubles, wounds; Rajanighantu: appetiser, removes phlegm, piles, colic pain, cures dropsy, useful in eye troubles, cardiotonic, beneficial in respiratory diseases, wounds, detoxicant; fruits are bitter, sialagogue, thermogenic, cures the diseases caused by vitiated kapha (phlegm) or vata (wind); Nighanturatnakaram: removes cough, vitiated wind, detoxicant, appetiser, useful in eye troubles. Ayurveda: acrid, alexipharmic, anodyne, anthelmintic, antipyretic, astringent, bitter, cardiotonic, digestive, diuretic, emetic,expectorant, laxative, stimulant, stomachic, uterine tonic; useful in amennorrhoea, asthma, bronchitis, cardiopathy, conjunctivitis, constipation, cough, dyspepsia, haemorroids, hepatosplenomegaly, inflammations, intermittant fever, jaundice and leucoderma; root emetic and removes phlegm; external application is useful in insectbae [Horticultural, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants]

Siddha: an ingredient of 'Cirukuricinver'. Unani: An ingredient of 'Gurmarbuti'. The fresh leaves, when chewed, paralyse the sense of sweet for sometime; for this reason it is called gur-mar, thereby meaning sugar-killer and impression has become prevalent in some parts of the country that it is useful in diabetes mellitus. Chewing fresh leaves also paralyse the taste of bitter for a while. [Horticultural, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants]

Unani uses: Sammiyate Afyoon, Ziabetus shakri

288 Published articles on Gymnema sylvestre

Clerodendrum indicum Turks Turban Tube Flower Bharangi Bamunhati Kuthap Kavalai Narivalai

Clerodendrum indicum (Linnaeus) Kuntze
Family:  Lamiaceae

Synonyms: Clerodendrum indicum f. semiserratum (Wall.) Moldenke, Clerodendrum longicolle G.Mey., Clerodendrum mite (L.) Vatke, Clerodendrum verticillatum D.Don, Ovieda mitis L., Siphonanthus angustifolius Willd., Siphonanthus indicus L.,

English: Turk’s Turban, Tube Flower.
Ayurvedic: Vaamana-haati (a substitute for Bhaarangi).
Siddha/Tamil: Kavalai, Narivalai
Hindi: भरंगी Bharangi
Manipuri: কুথপ Kuthap
Bengali: Bamunhati
Kannada: ಭರಂಗೀ Bharangi, ಹುನ್ಜಿಕಾ Hunjika
Sanskrit: Bhargi


Action: Root—used for asthma, cough, scrofulous affections. Leaf— vermifuge. Resin—antirheumatic. The plant is also used in fever, atrophy, emaciation of cachexia and consumption.
The leaves contain flavonoids—scutellarein, hispidulin  and their O-glucuronides; also sterols. Flowers contain beta-sitosterol and triterpenoids.
The bark yields hexitol and sorbitol. The flavone, pectolinarin and a diterpene, oncinotine, exhibit antifeedant activity. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Ethnic communities of Chhotanagpur use the root as abortifacient. In Ayurvedic and allopathic systems different parts of the plant are used for treatment of many
diseases but not for family welfare. [HERBAL CURES TRADITIONAL APPROACH]

A mixture of dried fruits of Sesamum indicum, Clerodendrum indicum, Moringa pterygosperma, and Piper nigrum is mixed with crude sugar and taken orally for 20 days to produce sterility. [Medicinal Plants of the World Vol-3]

Published article list

Stellaria media buch-bucha sternmiere Moroliya yerum keirum Alsine Rocoina

Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Synonyms: Alsine media Linnaeus • Stellaria apetala Ucria Ex Roemer • Stellaria media var. procera Klatt & Richter
Common names: adder's mouth, chick wittles, chickweed, passerina, satin-flower, starweed, starwort, stitchwort
Assamese :  মৰলীয়া   Moroliya.
Bulgarian :  Врабчови чревца.
Chinese :  繁缕  Fan lu.
Dutch :  Gewone vogelmuur, Muur, Starkruid, Vogelmuur
Finnish: pihatähtimö, vesiheinä
French: morgéline, mouron des oiseaux, stellaire intermédiaire
German: sternmiere, vogelmiere, Vogel-Sternmiere,
Hindi: बुच बुचा buch-bucha
Folk name in Jammu: Kokoon
Folk name in Delhi: Safed Fulki, Buchbuchaa
Icelandic :  Haugarfi.
Italian :  Budellina, Centocchio, Centocchio comune, Erba paperina, Galinella, Mordigallina, Stellaria comune.
Japanese :  ハコベ Hakobe, 繁縷   Hakobe, はこ べ Hakobe,   コハコベ  Ko hakobe.
Japanese: hakobe, kohakobe
Korean :  별꽃  Byeol koch.
Manipuri: যেৰুম কৈৰুম yerum keirum
Norwegian :  Vassarve.
Polish :  Gwiazdnica pospolita.
Portuguese: Alsine, Esparguta, Mastruço-Do-Brejo, Morrião-Branco, Morrião-De-Inverno, Morrião-Dos-Passarinhos, Morugem
Romanian: Rocoina
Russian :  Звездчатка средняя, Мокрица.
Spanish: bocado de gallina, borrisol, morrons, pamplina, pararera, picagallina, quilloi quilloi, revola, yerba gallinera
Swedish: natagräs, våtnarv

Uses: Used in external applications for skin diseases such as dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis. We also use it in treating skin diseases by including it in various oils and in tinctures externally. Internally we use this in treating bronchial problems such as coughs, bronchitis. Chickweed is effective in reducing the mucous in the lungs and acts as an expectorant to bring the mucous up. It has been used in past times in rheumatism and works on that particular condition as an anti inflammatory.  Chemical constituents: saponins, mucilage, choline, copper, phosphorus, PABA, biotin, traces of several vitamins. [Gods Healing Leaves]

Indications  — Abscess, Angina, Anasarca, Arthrosis, Asthma, Boil, Bronchosis, Bruise, Bug Bite, Cancer, Cancer, stomach, Carbuncle, Childbirth, Circulosis, Conjunctivosis, Constipation, Convulsion, Cough, Cramp, Dermatosis, Diarrhea, Diphtheria, Dropsy, Dyspepsia, Eczema, Elephantiasis, Epistaxis, Erysipelas, Exanthema, Fever, Fracture, Gastrosis, Gout, Hemoptysis, Hemorrhoid, Hepatosis, Hoarseness, Hydrophobia, Infection, Inflammation, Itch, Mucososis, Obesity, Ophthalmia, Pain, Phthisis, Psoriasis, Pulmonosis, Rheumatism, Sore, Sore Throat, Spasm, Swelling, Tuberculosis, Tumor, Ulcer, Ulcus cruris, Urogenitosis, Wart, Water Retention, Wound [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]

Action : Demulcent, emollient, pectoral [Herbal Manual by Harold Ward]

Antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, astringent, refrigerant, demulcent, emollient, vulnerary, antipruritic. Dispels excessive body heat, relieves irritation. Used internally for rheumatism, externally in the form of ointment for chronic skin conditions, varicose ulcers and abscesses. Applied as a plaster for broken bones and swellings.
Chemical Constituents: The plant contains saponin glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids (including rutin), carboxylic acid. The leaves contain vitamin C and carotene. Theplant also containsmucilage and is rich in potassium and silicon. The aerial parts, in post-flowering period, contain 44 mg/100 g of vitamn E. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Uses: to reduce swellings, including those of sprains and mumps, and other forms of inflammation. The heavy concentration on that class of ailments [Medicinal Plants in Folk Tradition AN ETHNOBOTANY OF BRITAIN & IRELAND]

Stimulating to the mucous and serous membranes, improving digestion, increasing the appetite maintaining a good arterial circulation. It is of value in debilitated conditions, anaemia, consumption, rheumatism. [Physio-Medical Therapeutics, Materia Medica and Pharmacy]

The older herbals recommended chickweed for all sorts of swellings and sores, but by 1736, "it is now rarely used in Medicine" (Q). The Cameron manuscript
notation of its use in dropsy does not seem to fit into mainstream tradition [Southern Folk Medicine 1750–1820 - Kay K. Moss]

A postpartum depurative, emmenagogue, lactagogue; promotes circulation, treats mucus disorder; externally for rheumatic pains, ulcers, wounds. Chemical constituents - r-Linolenic acid, octadecatetraenoic acid [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

170 Published article listof Stellaria media

Jatropha curcas Barbados nut danti Adavi-amudamu Galumbang Jarak_pagar Bharenda

Jatropha curcas L.
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Castiglionia lobata Ruiz & Pav., Curcas adansonii Endl., Curcas curcas (L.) Britton & Millsp, Curcas drastica Mart., Curcas indica A. Rich., Curcas lobata Splitg. ex Lanj., Curcas purgans Medik., Jatropha acerifolia Salisb., Jatropha afrocurcas Pax, Jatropha condor Wall., Jatropha edulis Sesse, Jatropha yucatanensis Briq., Manihot curcas (L.) Crantz, Ricinoides americana Garsault, Ricinus americanus Mill., Ricinus yara/cThunb., Curcas purgans Medic., Jatropha moluccana Wall., Jatropha curcas var. rufa McVaugh

Afrikaans :  Purgeerboontjie.
Arabic :  Dand barrî (Egypt), Dand e barri (Iran), Dand e nahri (Iran), Hhabb el mulûk (Egypt), Habb el meluk.
Bengali :  ভ্যারেন্ডা Bharenda, Bag-bherenda, Erandagachh.
Chinese : 麻风树  Ma feng shu,  麻風樹  Ma feng shu (Taiwan),  麻 疯树  Ma feng shu.
Dutch :  Purgeernoot.
English : Barbados nut, Barbados nut tree, Bed bug plant, Big purge nut, Black vomit nut, Brazilian stinging nut, Bubble bush, Cuban physic nut, Curcas bean, Fig nut, Physic nut, Pig nut, Poison nut, Purgenut, Purging nut, Purging nut tree, Wild castor (India).
French : Bagani (Mali), Fève d'enfer (Caribbean Islands), Grand médicinier,  Grand pignon d'Inde, Gros ricin,
Herbe du bon dieu (Caribbean Islands), Herbe du diable (Caribbean Islands), Mancenillier béni (Caribbean Islands), Médicinier, Médicinier barrière, Médicinier béni (Caribbean Islands), Médicinier bénit (Haiti), Médicinier des Barbades, Médsynié baryè (corrupted Creole), Médsynié blan (corrupted Creole), Noix américaine (Caribbean Islands), Noix de Barbarie, Noix des Barbades, Noix médicinale, Pignon de Barbarie, Pignon des Barbades, Pignon d'Inde, Plante bouteille, Purghère, Pourghère (Mali), Ricin d'Amérique, Tuteur de vanille.
German : Purgiernuß, Purgiernußbaum, Schwarzelrechnuß.
Hindi :  Jangli arandi.
Italian :  Fagiolo d'India, Fagiolo di Barberia, Fava purgatrice, Noci di purging, Ricino maggiore. 
Japanese :   ヤ トロファ・クルカス  Yatorofa kurukasu.
Marathi :  Ratanjyot.
Nepalese : Baghandi, Bathi bal, Hattikane, Nirguni, Sajiba, Sajiva, Sajiyon, Saruva.
Portuguese :  Andythygnaco (Brazil), Figo-do-inferno (Brazil), Grão das ilhas Molucas, Grão das Molucas,  Jetrofa  da Índia, Mandubiguaçú (Brazil), Manduigaçu (Brazil), Mandubi-guaçú, Manduri-graça, Pinhão bravo, Pinhão da Índia, Pinhão-depurga (Brazil), Pinhão-de-cerca (Brazil), Pinhão-de-purga, Pinhão-do-Paraguay, Pinhão-manso, Pinhão-paraguaio (Brazil), Pinheiro-de-purga, Pinheiro-do-inferno, Pulguiera (Cape Verde), Purgante-de-cavalo (Brazil), Purgueira, Purgueirav (Brazil),  Ricino-maior, Semente de purgueira.
Russian :   Ятрофа  Iatrofa, Ятрофа ядовитая   Iatrofa iadovitaia.
Sinhalese :  Kaddamanakku.
Spanish :  Arbol de los pinones de Indias, Arbol santo, Avellanes purgantes (Mexico), Frailecillo (Colombia), Frailejón, Piñón (Dominican Republic), Piñón blanco, Piñón botija (Cuba, Dominican Republic), Piñón de purga (Colombia), Purga de fraile (Colombia), Piñon de tempate, Piñón grande,  Piñoncillo (Colombia), Sangregaod (Mexico), Tártago (Puerto Rico), Tempate.
Swahili : Mbono (Tanzania), Mbono kaburi (Tanzania).
Tagalog :  Tubang bakod.
Tamil :  Kadalamanakku, Kattamanakku.
Telugu: అడవి ఆముదము Adavi amudam, Cheemanepalam, Chettunepalam, Tella Dunnangi, Erriandepuchettu, Pedda amudam, Jammadi
Thai : Ma yao, Sabu dam, Salot dam, Salot yai, Si lot.
Turkish :  Mashal hind fıstığı ağaçı, Kurkas.
Vernacular names in various languages: Aborotortor, Abrortortor, Adadze, Adalai, Adaluharalu, Adaviyamudamu, Akakgachha, Akhuparnika, Angular Leaved Physic Nut, Angular Physic Nut, Arari, Arbol Santo, Aren, Aril, Arin, Avellana Purgante, Babatsi, Bagani, Bagberenda, Baghandi, Baigab, Baigoba, Barane, Barbados Nut, Barbasco, Bettadaharalu, Bhernda, Binidazougou, Binidazugu, Bolongcauit, Bon-Bheranda, Bondoc Mous’heil, Bongalibhotora, Borbandong, Bubble Bush, Casla, Common Physic Nut, Coquillo, Coquito, Cotoncillo, Cuipu, Curcas Bean, Dande Barri, Dande Nahri, Dekiro, Desya, Dhuching, Djarak Goondool, Ehanduejot, Erandagchherond, Erundi, Feuilles Médicinier, Figo do Inferno, Flor de Coral, Frailecillo, Frailejón, Gab Bherenda, Galamark, Gara, Grand Haricor du Peru, Grand Médicinier, Grao Maluco, Grave Physic Nut, Gros Ricin, Gwo Ricen, Gyagar Desya, Haricot du Pérou, Herbe du Bon Dieu, Higos del Duende, Higuereta, Huiso Pionis, Inhlakuva, Inkoko, Irundi, Jadabindi, Jahazigaaba, Jamalgota, Jangliarandi, Jangli Erandi, Japhotra, Jaquillo, Jarak, Jarak Bělanda, Jarakblanda, Jarak Buděg, Jarak China, Jarak Gundul, Jarak Iri, Jarak Kafiri, Jarak Kěling, Jarak Kosta, Jarak Mělaka, Jarak Pagar, Jarak Pegěr, Jarak Puteh, Jarak Wolanda, Jepal, Jirak, Josho Pionis, Kaak Avenako, Kadaharalu, Kadalamanakku, Kadalambudu, Kadalavanakka, Kadam, Kaderadi, Kadim, Kanana Eranda, Kananda Eranda, Kaneadua, Karnocchi, Katamanak, Kattamanak, Kattamanakku, Kattavanakku, Kesugi, Kidi, Kilembelembe, Kinampotsi, Kinidazougou, Kitigblaicho, Kizika, Kourkas, Kplukacho, Kulabindadaru, Kulaiaradaru, Kulejera, Kwadidicho, Kwiwala, Ladima, Likoko, Lohong Khvang Sa, Ma Feng Shu, Ma Fong Chou, Mandabi Guacu, Mani del Palo, Mantaba, Maraharalu, Médicinier, Médicinier à Grand Feuilles, Médicinier Barriére, Médicinier Beni, Médicinier Blanc, Médicinier Blanc Cathartique, Médicinier Cathartique, Médicinier Grand Bénit, Médicinier Purgatif, Medsiyen, Medsiyen Béni, Mogalieranda, Mogalierenda, Munduvi Guasu, Mvuisi, Nepala, Nepalam, Nepalamu, Niguri, Nimte, Nkrangye Dua, Noix des Barbades, Odinidazougou, Offosntang, Ogomba, Paharierand, Palo Santo, Parvataranda, Parvata Yeranda, Peddanepalemu, Pepalam, Periyanasi, Physic Nut, Pino, Pino Branco, Pignon des Barbados, Pignon d’Inde, Pignons d’Inde, Pinhno, Pinhno Bravo, Pinhao de Purga, Pinhno do Inferno, Pinhno do Manso, Pinhno do Paraguai, Pinhao Lorancol, Pinhao Manso, Pinheiro do Inferno, Piñól, Piñón, Piñón Blanco, Piñón Botija, Piñóncillo, Piñóncitos, Piñón Criollo, Piñón de Botija, Piñón de Cercas, Piñón de India, Piñón de la India, Piñón de Paraguay, Piñón de Purga, Piñónes Purgativos, Piñón Joshó, Piñón Lechero, Piñón Lotija, Piñón Purgante, Piñón Vomico, Pinyanasi, Poorgeernoot, Purga de Fraile, Purga du Huane, Purgeernoot, Purgenut, Purgenut Bush, Purghère, Purgiernuß, Purging Nut, Rajani Giri, Ran Erandi, Ranniarendero, Ratan, Ratanjot, Ratanjota, Ratanjyor, Rattanjot, Ratyun, Sabudang, Safedarand, Safe Dind, Sagin, Sajiba, Sajiwa, Sajyon, Sangre-Gado, Sangre-Grado, Sanouber el Hend, Satiman, Savoa, Schijtnoot, Schwarze Brechnuss, Schwarzelrechnuss, Semen Ricini Majoris, Simbo Kesu, Sumo, Taiwan Abura Giri, Tanantanambazaha, Tapate, Taprika, Tártago, Tatataba, Tavatova, Tempacte, Tempate, Tempocte, Tempote, Thinbaukyeksu, Totka Bendi, Tuatúa, Valavenola, Valerandu, Velendaru, Vyaaghrairanda, Wapa Wapa Oshe, Wasicano, White Physic Nut, Wild Oil Nut, Xkakalche, Yupur .


Activities  — Alterative, Antipyretic, Aperient, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antiscorbutic, Antiseptic, Antiviral, Astringent, Cardiotonic, Demulcent, Depurative, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Emollient, Fungicide, Hemostat, Hepatoprotective, Hyperglycemic, Hypoglycemic, Hypotensive, Laxative, Myorelaxant, Sedative, Tonic, Uterocontractant, Uterotonic, Vermifuge. [Handbook of Medicinal Herbs]
Ayurvedic uses: Seed—highly toxic. Nut - purgative. Plant—used for scabies, ringworm, eczema, whitlow, warts, syphilis. Stem bark—applied to wounds of animal bites; root bark to sores. The protein of the seed contains the toxic albumin curcin

Uses: The oil expressed from the seeds of Jatropha curcas L. (Oleum Infernale) was formerly used in Western medicine to relieve the bowels of costiveness, to treat bleeding, and to heal wounds. In Burma, the seeds are used to relieve the bowels of costiveness. In Indonesia, the latex is used to alleviate itchiness, control bleeding, and treat eczema and ringworms. In the Philippines, the oil expressed from the seeds is used to relieve the bowels of costiveness and the latex, to assuage toothache. The plant is also used to treat cough and to stop diarrhea. In Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, Jatropha curcas L. is used to facilitate abortion, alleviate itchiness and heal ulcers. In Malaysia, the latex is used to treat bleeding and heal wounds. [Medicinal Plants of The Aisa-Pacific: Drugs For The Future?]

The oil of the seeds has a purgative action and is used all over West Africa in local medicine as a remedy for dropsy, sciatica, paralysis and skin diseases. [Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa]

Used in Jamaica as a purgative. In the Grenadines the leaves but rarely the seeds are so used. Curcas oil obtained from the seeds contains one or more toxic principles. At one time the toxic principle was said to be a toxalbumin named curcin similar to ricin and later work has assigned the toxicity to
curcinoleic acid. [Medicinal Plants of Jamaica]

Names: FG Creole: haricot du Perou, medicinier, medecinier blanc, noix de medecine, pignon de Barbarie, pignon d'Inde. Guyana: physic nut. Surinam: purgeernoot, schijtnooten. Surinam Bush Negro: po-oka. Surinam Javan: djarak pager. Surinam Sranan: sketnoto. USES: Latex: Dental analgesic when swabbed a tooth-cavity by the French Guiana Palikur and Wayapi. In French Guiana, the latex is mixed with lard for a resolutive pomade. Leaf: Cataplasm for neuralgia, fever, wounds, headaches, swellings; foot-rub for sand fleas. Leaf used for abcesses, coughs and colds, heart problems, pain, sores and toothaches in NW Guyana. Leaf and Fruit: Decoction for abdominal disorders, rheumatism, ulcers and swellings. Seed: Parched with ginger in decoction for menstrual pain. Oil is emetic, purgative; grated in poultice for abscesses. CHEM: Seed contains the toxalbumin curcine. Seeds have a depressant action on the central nervous system (69). Contains the irritant diterpenoid 12-deoxy-16-hydroxy-phorbol (3). [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)]

Alleviates convulsions, itchiness, and pain; stops vomiting and bleeding; antiinflammatory; acute gastritis and enteritis.  (Bark, seed) Taraxerol, -amyrin, amyrin, -sitosterol-3-0-D-glucoside, n-1-triacontanol, campesterol, sitosterol, 7-deto-sitosterol, stigmast-5-ene-3, 7-diol, stigmast-5-ene-3, 7-diol, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, dulcitol acid, myristic acid. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

Listed in Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants & International Poisonous Plants Checklist - An Evidence-Based Reference.

The leaves are useful in foul ulcers, tumours and scabies, ulcer. Seeds are useful in skin diseases. Latex smeared on the wound for healing [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]
Published article list 1 to 500 out of 1061 on Jatropha curcas

Solanum sisymbriifolium Swetrangani Sada-kantikari Morelle de Balbis espina-colorado Lychee Tomato

Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.
Family: Solanaceae
Common name: Sticky Nightshade, Bitter apple, Dense thorned bitter apple, Wild tomato
Bengali: শ্ৱেতৰংগনী Swetrangani, Sada kantikari
Taiwanese: 擬刺茄
Guarani: Ñuatĩ pytã
French: Morelle de Balbis

Listed under poisonous plants. [International Poisonous Plants Checklist - An Evidence-Based Reference]

74 Published articles of Solanum sisymbriifolium