Urginea coromandeliana, Drimia indica, Indian squill, adavi ulligadda, Vishamangi

 

Urginea coromandeliana Hook.f.
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop
Family: Asparagaceae

English: Indian squill, white squill
Telugu: adavi ulligadda,
Malayalam: Kanthanga, Kattulli, Vishamangi

Description: Perennial; bulbous geophyte; bulb tunicated, white, 2.5-4 cm across, globose. Leaves radicle, 10-15 × 0.5-1 cm, thick, canaliculated, acute.  Flowers drooping, dull green, 1 cm long, 3-4mm across, 3-merous, racemosely, laxly arranged on 15-30 cm long, stiff scape; pedicel 0.4-0.5 cm long. Perianth lobes 6 in 2 whorls of 3 each, linear oblong, tips of inner 3 puberulous. Stamens 6, inserted, connate with perianth lobes at base; anthers yellow, oblong. thin, campanulate. Ovary sessile, 3 loculed, ovules many in each cell; style filiform, stigmas capitate. Fruiting scape elongates to 40-60 cm long. Capsule 1cm across, deeply 3-lobed, loculicidal, 3-valved. Seeds orbicular, flat, 0.5 cm across, black.

Note: The Plant List treated this species as synonym of Drimia indica (Roxb.)Jessop. But due to the differences it is treated separately as per Gamble’s F.P.M and F.B.I.

Used in Ayurveda,  Unani  and  Sidha.  Poisonous, in large  doses  bulb  is  emetic  and  cathartic,  in  excessive  doses  is  a  narcotic acrid poison; nauseous bitter young bulbous roots  expectorant and diuretic if taken in small doses. Juice of the leaves causes cutaneous irritation. Leaves heated and tied on stomach for stomachache. Bulb as cardiac stimulant, diuretic, for chronic bronchitis; bulb juice employed in small doses in asthma, cough and whooping cough; powder used in asthma and tuberculosis; fresh tubers ground and used as a poultice for  the  treatment  of  swelling,  sprain  and  joint  pains,  antifungal, chitinolytic, antiangiogenic and proapoptotic; paste  of bulb warmed along with jaggery and applied to remove  corns; bulb paste given for abortion. Potent in vivo antitumor activity against growth of an ascites tumor, mouse mammary carcinoma. Veterinary medicine, fresh bulb for curing stomach pain of cow and buffalo; paste of tuber with cow urine  applied locally on eczema, carbuncles, wounds and tumour;  juice of bulb given in asthma and to promote reproduction;  bulb of Urginea indica and tuberous roots of Ampelocissus  tomentosa made into a paste and applied over abscess and  sore  throat;  leaves  of  Andrographis  paniculata  along  with  those  of  Vitex  negundo,  Cardiospermum  halicacabum,  tubers of Curculigo orchioides and Urginea indica pounded  and extract given for ephemeral fever. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Publications:
   
1. NATURAL TETRAPLOID OF URGINEA-COROMANDELIANA HK F
By: NAIK, VN
CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 42   Issue: 12   Pages: 439-440   Published: 1973

2. CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GAMMEXANE ON SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF URGINEA COROMANDELIANA HOOK F
By: DATTA, N
CURRENT SCIENCE  Volume: 35   Issue: 3   Pages: 75-&   Published: 1966

3. Cytological effects of gammexane on somatic chromosomes of Urginea coromandeliana Hook. F.
By: NITYANANDA DATTA.
Current Science  Volume: 35   Pages: 75-76   Published: 1966

4. Cytology of Urginea coromandeliana Hook [Liliaceae 2n = 20]
By: DATTA, NTTYANAKDA
SCI CULT  Volume: 32   Issue: (2)   Pages: 97-99   Published: 1966

Drimia indica:
   
1. Diversity of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop and its relationship to Drimia nagarjunae using phenotypic traits and molecular markers
By: Alluri, Narendranath; Shivakameshwari, M. N.; Manohar, S. H.; et al.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY  Volume: 53   Issue: 6   Pages: 412-416   Published: JUN 2015

2. Herbal composition useful for treating mastitis, comprises combination of extracts of plants Emilia sonchifolia, Ficus racemosa, Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Asparagus racemosus, and Drimia indica
Patent Number: IN201101012-I4

3. Anthelmintic and antimicrobial studies of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop. bulb aqueous extracts.
By: Chittoor, M. S.; Binny, A. J. R.; Yadlapalli, S. K.; et al.
Journal of Pharmacy Research  Volume: 5   Issue: 7   Pages: 3677-3686   Published: 2012

Pisonia aculeata, Baghachuur, konki poda, Prickly-mampoo, Kodimullaram, Karindhu

Pisonia aculeata L.
Family: Nyctaginaceae

Synonyms: Pallavia aculeata (L.) Vell. , Pisonia aculeata var. pedicellaris Griseb. ex Heimerl , Pisonia grandifolia Standl. , Pisonia loranthoides Kunth , Pisonia monotaxadenia C. Wright , Pisonia sieberi Schltr. , Pisonia villosa Poir. , Pisonia yagua-pinda D.Parodi , Tragularia horrida K.D.Koenig ex Roxb.
 

English: West Indian cock’s spur, prtickly climbing cock’s spur
Bengali: Baghachuur / Baghachura
Tamil: Kodi kuttippadatthi, Selamaranjaan, Karuindu
Malayalam: Kodimullaram, Karindhu
Spanish: Prickly-mampoo
Telugu: పీతరించి, పిసంగి, కొంకిపొద, వశీకరణపొద

Description: Large scandent, armed shrubs. Axillary spines hooked, 0.5cm long. Leaves alternate; subsessile; lamina 3-6 × 1.5-3cm, elliptic-ovate, base rounded, margin entire, apex emarginated, chartaceous. Flowers 3-4mm across, creamy-white, sessile, aggregated in dense axillary, compound, umbels; peduncle 3-7cm long. Perianth lobes 5, tube short, lobes triangular. Stamens 10, in 2 rows, much exerted.  Anthocarps 1-1.5 × 0.4-0.6cm, oblong, 5-angled, with 5 rows of 2 seriate, stipate viscid glands.
 

Leaves used for rheumatic pains, to treat skin problems, scabies and ulcers. Bark and leaves used as counterirritant for swellings and rheumatic pains; juice with pepper given in pulmonary complaints of children. 

Roots used to treat cough. (CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants)
 

Used in Venereal diseases, muscular-skeletal disorders, rheumatism (Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition)
 

Bark and leaves—counterirritant for swellings and rheumatic pains. Fresh leaves—used as a wash for scabies. (Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary)
 

The bark and the leaves are used as a counterirritant for swellings and rheumatic pains. The juice mixed with pepper and other ingredients is given to children suffering from pulmonary complaints. (Indian medicinal plants - Kirtikar, Kanhoba Ranchoddas, 1849-1917.

14 Published articles on Pisonia aculeata:

1.    Vandresen, F., et al., Acute toxicity and antiedematogenic activity from stems of Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae). Revista Latinoamericana de Quimica, 2013. 41(2): p. 111-118.
2.    Sen, S., et al., Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Pisonia aculeata: Folk medicinal use to scientific approach. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2013. 51(4): p. 426-432.
3.    Madhulatha, C., et al., Anti-ulcer activity of Pisonia aculeata on Pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer in rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS), 2013. 4(3): p. 2440-2443.
4.    Ghode, S.P., B. Rajkapoor, and P.D. Ghode, Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Pisonia aculeata L. leaf. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012. 3(4): p. P-155-P-160.
5.    Anbarasu, C., et al., Protective effect of Pisonia aculeata on thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012. 2(7): p. 511-515.
6.    Wu, M.-C., et al., Antitubercular Chromones and Flavonoids from Pisonia aculeata. Journal of Natural Products, 2011. 74(5): p. 976-982.
7.    Ghode, S.P., B. Rajkapoor, and T. Subbraju, Antitumor activity of methanolic extract of Pisonia aculeata leaf. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2011. 3(2): p. 172-181.
8.    Brown, S.E., et al., First report of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' associated with huanglongbing in the weeds Cleome rutidosperma, Pisonia aculeata and Trichostigma octandrum in Jamaica. New Disease Reports, 2011. 24: p. 25-Article 25.
9.    Anbarasu, C., B. Rajkapoor, and J. Kalpana, Protective effect of Pisonia aculeata on Rifampicin and Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in rats. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2011. 3(1): p. 75-83.
10.    Raju, S., et al., Effects of ethanol extract of Pisonia aculeata Linn. on ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor bearing mice. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2008. 2(1): p. 50-53.
11.    Palanivel, M.G., et al., Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Pisonia aculeata L. against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 2008. 76(2): p. 203-215.
12.    da Rosa, S.M., L.A. de Souza, and I.S. Moscheta, Morphology and anatomy of the development of the anthocarp and fruit of Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae). Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 2002. 53(4): p. 245-250.
13.    Diaz Dumas, M.A., ON THE TRUE IDENTITY OF PISONIA-ACULEATA L. NYCTAGINACEAE LECTOTYPIFICATION. Revista del Jardin Botanico Nacional, 1988. 9(1): p. 9-14.
14.    Venkates Warlu, J., A contribution to the embryology of Pisonia aculeata Linn. Jour Indian Bot Soc, 1947. 26((3)): p. 183-194.

Cyperus laevigatus, سعد ناعم, smooth flatsedge

Cyperus laevigatus L.
Family: Cyperaceae

Synonyms: Acorellus laevigatus (L.) Palla, Acorellus pallae Kneuck., Chlorocyperus junciformis (Desf.) Rikli, Chlorocyperus laevigatus (L.) Palla, Cyperus careyi Britton, Cyperus cossyrensis Tineo ex Guss., Cyperus incurvus Spreng. ex Kunth, Cyperus juncellus Dinter, Cyperus junciformis Desf., Cyperus laevigatus var. albidus Vahl, Cyperus laevigatus subsp. albidus (Vahl) Maire & Weiller, Cyperus laevigatus f. atratus Peter ex Kük., Cyperus laevigatus var. caespitosus C.B.Clarke, Cyperus laevigatus subsp. laevigatus, Cyperus laevigatus var. laevigatus, Cyperus laevigatus f. macra C.B.Clarke, Cyperus laevigatus var. pallae (Kneuck.) Kük., Cyperus laevigatus var. pictus Boeckeler, Cyperus laevigatus var. ramlehensis Sickenb., Cyperus laevigatus f. reptans (Boeckeler) C.B.Clarke, Cyperus laevigatus var. reptans (Boeckeler) Kük., Cyperus laevigatus var. subaphyllus (Boeckeler ex Schinz) Kük., Cyperus laevigatus var. viridulus (Boeckeler) C.B.Clarke, Cyperus laevigatus var. viridulus (Boeck.) Kük., Cyperus laevigatus f. viridulus (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, Cyperus lateralis Forssk., Cyperus leucostachys Link, Cyperus maritimus Gouan ex Spreng., Cyperus monostachyos Link, Cyperus mucronatus L., Cyperus pleuranthus Nees, Cyperus reptans Boeckeler, Cyperus rivularis Steud., Cyperus roxburghianus C.Presl, Cyperus roxburghii A.Dietr., Cyperus subaphyllus Boeckeler ex Schinz, Cyperus submonastichyus Steud. & Jard., Cyperus teretifolius A.Rich., Cyperus uliginosus Thouars ex Link, Cyperus viridulus Boeckeler, Juncellus laevigatus (L.) C.B.Clarke, Juncellus laevigatus var. junciformis C.B.Clarke, Juncellus lateralis (Forssk.) M.R.Almeida, Pycreus laevigatus (L.) Nees, Pycreus lateralis (Forssk.) Nees,

English: smooth flatsedge
Arabic: سعد ناعم

Description: Perennial rhizomatous herbs, 30-50cm tall. Culms single, trigonous. Leaves reduced, sheath reddish. Spikes 5-15 mm long, 5-15 digitately arranged in lateral heads; rays absent or 1-2mm long.  Bracts 1 or 2, erect, appearing as continuation of culm. Spikelets 2–7, whitish green to reddish, compressed-turgid, oblong-lanceolate  4-7 × 2-3mm. Glumes 10-15 whitish with red speckles, 1-3 ribbed. Anthers 2. Stigmas 3. Achenes gray, glossy, oblong-ellipsoid , base cuneate, apex apiculate, surfaces finely reticulate.
Habitat & location: Occasional in muddy soils.

Uses: For cold, cough, deep cuts, boils, skin ulcers, skin and venereal diseases.

Published articles of Cyperus laevigatus

Strophanthus boivinii, Corkscrew Flower; Wood shaving flower

Strophanthus boivinii  Baill.
Family: Apocynaceae

Synonyms: Roupellina boivinii (Baill.) Pichon, Roupellina boivinii var. angustifolia (H.Perrier ex Pichon) Pichon, Roupellina boivinii var. boivinii, Roupellina boivinii var. grandiflora (Pichon) Pichon, Strophanthus arboreus Boivin ex Franch., Strophanthus aurantiacus Blondel, Strophanthus boivinii var. angustifolius H.Perrier ex Pichon, Strophanthus boivinii var. grandiflorus Pichon, Strophanthus grevei Baill. 

English: Corkscrew Flower; Wood shaving flower
French: Strophanthus de Boivin

Small deciduous tree; latex yellowish.  Leaves simple, opposite; lamina elliptic, cuneate  at base, margin entire. Flowers in cymes, usually arise in the forks of branches ; flowers yellow-orange turning reddish brown; Corolla tube short, lobes 5, 3-4 cm long and 0.5 cm wide, oblong and twisted.  Stamens 10, attached to the throat of corolla tube. Fruit not observed.
Exotic ; it is found as cultivated plant

All  parts  toxic  when  ingested.  Bark  decoction  drunk  to treat colic, also rubbed for wounds and itch. Aerial parts deoction to treat gonorrhoea and fever. Used to poison dogs and pest animals.

    
5 Published articles of Strophanthus Boivinii

Phyllanthus rotundifolius, epetakou, פילנתוס עגול-עלים

 

Phyllanthus rotundifolius Klein ex Willd.
Family: Phyllanthaceae

Synonyms: Diasperus rotundifolius (Klein ex Willd.) Kuntze, Phyllanthus aspericaulis Pax, Phyllanthus rotundifolius var. striolatus Müll.Arg., Phyllanthus scabrifolius Hook.f.

• Arabic: خشب صغير , الطيب
• Hebrew: פילנתוס עגול-עלים
• Kenya: epetakou

Description: Woody herbs; stems prostrate or slightly ascending, 5-15 cm long; branches hispid, leaf like. Foliage-leaves alternate; orbicular, 0.8-1cm across, glaucous beneath, asperulous on veins, thick, coriaceous; stipules 1mm, lanceolate. Male and female flowers occurring together in same axils or in different axils. Male flowers 3-4mm across. Perianth lobes 6, greenish with narrow scarious margin, obtuse. Stamens 3, connate into a tube; anthers orbicular. Female flowers green, 3mm across, perianth accrescent, fruiting pedicel thickened; disc annular, or entire. Capsule globose, and the seeds darker brown in colour.

Habitat & location: Rare. Found in rock crevices in forest under growth.

Published articles of  Phyllanthus rotundifolius

Acacia horrida, Vachellia horrida, Schreckliche Akazie, ആനമുള്ള്, పాకీ తుమ్మ, واچلیا هریدا

Acacia horrida (L.) Willd. (as per Plantlist)
Family: Fabaceae / Leguminosae

New Name  
Vachellia horrida (L.) Kyal. & Boatwr (as per wikipedia)
Family: Fabaceae

• German: Schreckliche Akazie
• Persian: واچلیا هریدا
• Malayalam: ആനമുള്ള്
• Telugu: పాకీ తుమ్మ Pakitumma

Description: Deciduous shrubs; 2-4 m tall. Leaves bipinnate-compound, 2-4 cm long, pinnae2-6 pairs, leaflets 6-10 pairs, each 3-4 × 1-2mm, elliptic, obtuse; a small gland on the primary rachis in between base and first pair of pinnae; a pair of white stipular thorns on either side of the leaf base, spines hollow, 2-8 cm long, base 0.5-0.8cm in diam.. Flowers 2-3 mm, creamy white, on 2-3cm long axillary pedunculate fasciculate spikes. Calyx 2 mm; lobes ovate, apex acute. Corolla creamy white, 2-3 mm; lobes ovate-elliptic. Stamens many, free, exerted. Ovary glabrous, few ovuled; style as long as stamens. Pods 2-3 × 1cm, reniform, blackish brown with 2-4 seeds.  

Habitat & location: Common in scrub jungles.During the summer the plant is naked with sharp long spines only. 

Uses: The leaves are used as forage; the spines are used to make necklaces by tribals. Dried stems are used as fuel.

3 Published articles of Acacia horrida

Alpinia officinarum, Lesser Galanga, Mot loai gung, Siam-Ingwer, Pikkukalangajuuri

Alpinia officinarum Hance
Family: Zingiberaceae
Synonym: Languas officinarum (Hance) Farw.

• English: Lesser Galanga
• Chinese: 高良姜
• Finnish: Pikkukalangajuuri
• German: Siam-Ingwer
• Swedish: Galangarot
• Thai: Khaa-ling
• Vietnamese: Mot loai gung 
• Thai: khaa lek
• Kulanjana, Sthuulagranthi, Sugandhaa, Ugragandhaa, Malaya Vachaa, Mahaabhari Vachaa.

Description: Rhizomes elongate, terete. Pseudostems 40--110 cm. Leaves sessile; ligule lanceolate, entire, 2--3(--5) cm, membranous; leaf blade linear, 20--30 × 1.2--2.5 cm, glabrous, base attenuate, apex caudate. Racemes erect, 6--10 cm; rachis tomentose; bracteoles very small, less than 1 cm. Pedicel 1--2 mm. Calyx 8--10 cm, puberulent, apex 3-toothed. Corolla tube slightly shorter than calyx; lobes oblong, ca. 1.5 cm, central one hoodlike. Labellum white with red streaks, ovate, ca. 2 cm. Filament ca. 1 cm; anther ca. 6 mm. Ovary tomentose. Capsule red, globose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr--Sep, fr. May--Nov. 2 n = 48

A. officinarum looks similar to A. galanga, but it is smaller in stature

Galangal is used in Thai medicine in a very similar way to ginger. Ginger is considered to be a superior herb, but galangal is more common in Thailand. As a hot herb, the galangal rhizome has a stimulating effect on the digestion, and is therefore useful in cases of indigestion, flatulence, and stomachache. It is also recommended for diarrhoea, nausea, and seasickness. Galangal is reputed to be an aphrodisiac, although this is probably due to its general stimulating effect on the Fire element. Preparation: Decoction from one “thumb-length” (or about 5 grams) fresh galangal, finely chopped, grated, or mashed with mortar and pestle. Boil 10–15 minutes; drink after meals. Topical Application: Galangal has an antiseptic action similar to ginger and may be used topically for bacterial and fungal skin infections, acne, mosquito bites, bee stings, other insect bites, and as a gargle for mouth sores. A. nigra is used for treatment of ringworm and other skin parasites. Preparation: Mash fresh galangal with mortar and pestle. Add a bit of water to make a paste; apply topically to skin. For treatment of skin parasites, add 1 part galangal to 3 parts alcohol and let sit overnight before applying. For sores within the mouth, gargle with galangal tea. [A Thai Herbal: Traditional Recipes for Health and Harmony]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Rhizome used in epigastric pain, colic, dyspepsia, indigestion, vomiting, chronic gastritis,  stomachache,  flatulence,  diarrhea,  fever  and malaria, and locally applied to infected gums. Seeds used for heartburn, cholera, toothache, ague and colds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

A. officinarum is a very valued medicinal plant and has been in use traditionally. Its rhizome has an essential oil that is warm and spicy. It has been in use in chronic enteritis, gastralgia and the decoction is a folk remedy for cancer in Louisiana and Oklahoma.  The  rhizomes  are  considered  aphrodisiac,  aromatic, carminative,  stimulant  and  stomachic.  It  is  useful  in  dyspepsia  and  in  preventing fermentation and flatulence. It is considered a nervine tonic. The properties are more or less similar to that of A. galanga. The therapeutic effects when used in traditional medicines might be mainly due to the contents of quercetin, galangin and kaempferol. [Handbook of Herbs and Spices - Volume 3]

It is a favorite spice and medicine in Estonia and Lithuania (GMH). A salve, prepared from the root, is said to be a folk remedy for cancer in Louisiana and Oklahoma. Prescribed for gastralgia and chronic enteritis. Rhizomes are considered aphrodisiac, aromatic,  carminative,  stimulant,  and  stomachic,  being  especially  useful  in  dyspepsia,  and  in preventing fermentation and flatulence. In India, it is considered a nervine tonic and an aphrodisiac. Reportedly, it clears halitosis when chewed, and sore throat when swallowed. According to India folklore, if given to children, they learn to talk earlier. Powdered with oil or water, it is said to remove freckles. Supposedly reduces the urine flow in diabetics (DEP). Powder is used as a snuff, especially for catarrh (GMH), and sometimes used as medicine for cattle. [CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices]

Rhizome—carminative (in dyspepsia), stomachic, circulatory stimulant, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory. Throughout southern India, the rhizome of Alpinia galanga is used as Raasnaa for rheumatism, intermittent fever, dyspepsia and respiratory ailments. Unani physicians use A. galanga as a sex tonic. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

The root is a stimulating, spicy, warming, aromatic alterative.It considerably excites the mucous membrane especially of the stomach, and its use is best in atonic and depressed conditions of the digestive tract. In hot infusion it arouses the circulation and gives general warmth. It promotes menstruation especially when the same has been checked by congestion, in either acute or chronic cases Zingiber, Asclepias or Camomile may be added as required. It has been recommended as an alterative in sarcoma, uterine fibroids, lymphatic swellings and in syphilis. [Physio-Medical Therapeutics, Materia Medica and Pharmacy]

89 Published articles of Alpinia officinarum

Croton klotzschianus, Nanchu, Naragonji

Croton klotzschianus (Wight) Thwaites
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonyms: Croton argutus B.Heyne ex Wall., Croton thwaitesianus Müll.Arg., Oxydectes klotzschianus (Wight) Kuntze, Oxydectes thwaitesiana (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Tiglium klotzschianum Wight

Malayalam: Nanchu
Telugu: Naragonji


published article:
EMBRYOLOGY OF CROTON-KLOTZSCHIANUS
RAO P N
Journal of the Indian Botanical Society  Volume: 55   Issue: 1   Pages: 84-89   Published: 1976

Croton scabiosus, chilla, kattu catikkay

Croton scabiosus Bedd.
Family: Euphorbiaceae

Synonym: Oxydectes scabiosa (Bedd.) Kuntze

• English: Silver leaved croton
• Telugu: chilla, verrichilla
• Tamil: kattu catikkay

Description: Deciduous trees 3-5m tall; bark rough, deeply fissured, blackish-brown, young branches tomentose. Leaves alternate; lamina 5-15 × 2-8cm ovate-rhomboid, base coradte, serrate, apex subacute, lepidote-silvery scale on both surfaces, scabrid, coriaceous, leaves turn orange before falling. Flowers greenish yellow, 3-4mm across, in 5-15cm long densely arranged androgynous terminal racemes. Staminate flowers 2-3 at each node, at the upper part of the raceme; 3-4mm across; stamens more than 15, exerted. Carpellate flowers: pedicels short, stout; perianth lobes 5, margins densely woolly; ovary globose, warty; styles 3, bifid. Capsule 8-10 mm in diam., greenish-yellow, globose; outer wall warty.  
Habitat & location: Endemic to E.ghats. Few plants are found in Velugonda hill range at Rapur- Kutalamarri ghat.

2 Published articles of Croton scabiosus

Amaranthus graecizans, Tumble weed, Griechischer Fuchsschwanz, Grekamarant

Amaranthus graecizans L.
Family: Amaranthaceae

Synonyms: Amaranthus angustifolius Lam., Amaranthus angustifolius M.Bieb. ex Willd., Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. aschersonianus Thell., Amaranthus aschersonianus (Thell.) Chiov., Amaranthus blitum Moq., Amaranthus blitum var. graecizans (L.) Moq., Amaranthus blitum var. nanus Moq., Amaranthus graecizans subsp. aschersonianus (Thell.) Costea, D.M. Brenner & Tardif, Amaranthus graecizans subsp. graecizans, Amaranthus graecizans var. pachytepalus Aellen, Amaranthus graecizans subsp. thellungianus (Nevski ex Vassilcz.) Gusev, Amaranthus hierichuntinus Vis., Amaranthus roxburgianus var. aschersonianus (Thell.) N.C.Nair, Amaranthus thellungianus Nevski ex Vassilcz., Blitum graecizans (L.) Moench, Galliaria graecizans (L.) Nieuwl., Glomeraria graecizans (L.) Cav.
English: Tumble weed, pig weed
German: Griechischer Fuchsschwanz
Swedish: Grekamarant
Description: Annual herb, prostrate, branched from the base; plants glabrous. Leaves spiral; variable, lamina rhomboid-ovate or linear-lanceolate or linear, 2-4 × 0.5-2 cm, acute, cuneate at the base, glaucous green.  Flowers all in axillary cymose clusters, male and female intermixed, males in the upper whorls. Perianth segments 3, 2-3mm. Stamens 3 in males. Stigmas 3, slender, flexuose in females. Capsule subglobose 2mm, usually strongly wrinkled. Seeds shining, compressed, black, faintly reticulate.
Habitat & location: Occasional in the rock crevices in hilly areas.
Use: The leaves are used as leafy vegetable.
Sufficient quantity of fresh leaves is pounded and a handful of the paste is boiled in water to make a decoction which is orally given once a day in constipation. [Medicinal Plants of Wadi El Gemal National Park ]

7 Published articles of  Amaranthus graecizans

Trifolium repens, Creeping white clover, witte klaver, Trèfle rampant, Đậu chẽ ba hoa trắng, シロツメクサ, 토끼풀

Trifolium repens L.Family: Leguminosae

English: Creeping white clover
Arabic: قرط (قُرط)، قدب (قَدْب)، قرض (قَرَض)
Bulgarian: Пълзяща детелина
Chinese: 白车轴草
Dutch: witte klaver
Finnish: valkoapila
French: Trèfle rampant
Georgian: სამყურა მხოხავი
German: Weiss-Klee
Italian: trifoglio bianco
Japanese: シロツメクサ
Korean: 토끼풀
Romanian: Trifoi Alb
Russian: klever belyj, Клевер ползучий
Swedish: hvitklöfver
Vietnamese: Đậu chẽ ba hoa trắng
Welsh: meillion gwyn

Description: his perennial plant is about 6" tall, branching from the base. Initially, it produces several compound leaves from a short stem that grows only a little, after which this stem rapidly elongates and becomes up to 1' long. These elongated stems sprawl along the ground and have the capacity to root at the nodes. They are hairless and light green. The alternate compound leaves are trifoliate and hairless. They occur at intervals along the elongated stems and have long hairless petioles. The leaflets are obovate or ovate. Their margins are finely serrate. Across the upper surface of each leaflet are white markings in the form of a chevron (an upside down "V"), although for this species these markings are often degenerate, irregular, or absent. Each leaflet is about ¾" long and about half as wide. At the base of each petiole there are a pair of small lanceolate stipules that are light green and membranous; sometimes they wrap around the elongated stems. Each stipule is less than ½" in length.  Flowerheads about ¾" across are produced on long naked stalks (peduncles) that are unbranched and hairless. These flowering stalks are usually a little taller than the compound leaves. Each flowerhead has 20-50 flowers and is more or less globular in shape. Each flower is narrowly tubular, consisting of a green calyx with 5 narrow teeth and 5 petals that are white or pinkish white. When fully open, there is a small standard and 2 side petals that enclose the keel. The teeth of the calyx are equal to, or less than, the length of the calyx tube. Each flower has a very short pedicel. The blooming period occurs intermittently for several months, from late spring through the fall. The flowers gradually turn brown and are replaced by seedpods. Each little seedpod contains only a few seeds, which are flat, round or slightly heart-shaped, and variously colored. The root system consists of a shallow branching taproot and the rootlets formed by the elongated stems. This plant reproduces by seed or vegetatively, and often forms colonies. 

Toxins. White clover can cause bloat in livestock. It has caused laminitis in horses and cattle; after they are ingested, some varieties can liberate HCN, causing cyanogenic poisoning in animals. Cyanogenic glycosides. Plant infusion antirheumatic, astringent, depurative, tonic, eyewash, for fevers, eyes troubles, asthma, colds, cough; whole plant decoction given for fever; plant juice for fever. Veterinary medicine, forage plant to increase lactation. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Red clover is stated to act as a dermatological agent, and to possess mildly antispasmodic and expectorant properties. Tannins are known to possess astringent properties. Traditionally red clover has been used for chronic skin disease, whooping cough, and specifically for eczema and psoriasis. [Herbal Medicines 3rd Ed] 

 

61 Published articles of  Trifolium repens

Habenaria grandifloriformis, Single Leaved Habenaria, chhotaghodatap, Ashadh habe-amri, Chichurkanda

Habenaria grandifloriformis Blatt. & McCann
Family: Orchidaceae
Synobym: Habenaria grandiflora Lindl. ex Dalzell & Gibson

Common name: Single Leaved Habenaria, Large flowered Habenaria
Marathi: आषाढ हबेअमरी Ashadh habe-amri, चिचुरकांदा Chichurkanda, चिकरकांदा Chikarkanda
Hindi: chhotaghodatap

Description: Terrestrial herbs, to 12 cm long; tuber solitary, 1.8 x 1 cm, ovoid. Leaves 2-3 x 1.5-3 cm, usually single, radical, lying flat on the ground, coriaceous, sessile, ovate or sub-orbicular, apex obtuse or acute, cordate at base. Flowers white, 1-4, in terminal racemes; scape with 1 or 2 sheaths at base; pedicels including ovary to 3 cm long; bracts 1-1.5 cm long, ovate, acuminate. Sepals free, unequal, ovate; dorsal short, 3-nerved; laterals longer, 5-7-nerved. Petals white, 2-partite; upper segment ovate, equal to sepals; lower narrowly linear. Lip 3-lobed; lateral segments narrower. Spur 2.5 cm long, longer than ovary. Column short, greenish-white. Anther 1, 2-celled; pollinia 2; caudicle long; gland orbicular; staminodes white, glandular. Ovary curved, ribbed; stigmatic processes 2 mm long, parallel, clavate; rostellum greenish, in between anther cells.

 

Used  in  Ayurveda.  Tuber  powder  with  milk  in  general debility.

2 Published articles of  Habenaria grandifloriformis

Hylocereus undatus, dragon fruit, Night Blooming Cereus, Tarhametsäkaktus, Brahma Kamal, Гилоцереус волнистый, Pitahaya orejona, pitaya

Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
Family: Cactaceae

Synonyms: Cereus guatemalensis (Eichler) A.Berger, Cereus tricostatus Rol.-Goss., Cereus trigonus var. guatemalensis Eichlam, Cereus undatus Pfeiff., Cereus undulatus D.Dietr., Hylocereus guatemalensis (Eichlam) Britton & Rose, Hylocereus tricostatus (Gosselin) Britton & Rose

• Common name: Night Blooming Cereus, Queen of the Night, Lady of the night, Dragon fruit, Red Pitaya
• Chinese: 火龙果; 量天尺, pinyin: huǒlóngguǒ
• Estonian: maasik-metskaktus
• Finnish: Tarhametsäkaktus
• French: pitaya, fruit du dragon, cierge-lézard, poire de chardon
• French: poire de chardon
• German: Drachenfrucht, Distelbirne
• German: Echte Stachelbirne
• Greek: Φρούτο του δράκου (fruto tu draku)
• Hawaiian: panini-o-ka-puna-hou
• Italian: Pitahaya, Frutto del Drago
• Japanese: pitaya (ピタヤ?), dragon fruit (ドラゴンフルーツ),
• Malay: buah naga. pronounce:boo-ah naa-gaa
• Manipuri: Leikang Thambal
• Marathi: Brahma Kamal ब्रह्म कमल
• Portuguese: pitaia, cato-barse, cardo-ananaz, rainha da noite
• Russian: Гилоцереус волнистый
• Spanish: Pitahaya orejona  (Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela); flor de caliz, pitajava (Puerto Rico); junco, junco tapatio, pitahaya orejona, reina de la noche, tasajo (Mexico)
• Swedish: Röd pitahaya
• Swedish: skogskaktus, röd pitahaya
• Thai: แก้วมังกร (kaeo mangkon)
• Vietnamese: thanh long

Bronchitis, tuberculous lymphadenitis, pulmonary tuberculosis [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values]

14 published article of Hylocereus undatus

Piper nigrum, maricha, miriyalu, mizhagu, Poivre, Pfeffer, Lada, pimenta, Перец, Paminta

Piper nigrum L.
Family: Piperaceae

• Arabic: فلفل أسود
• Armenian: Պղպեղ
• Assamese: Jaluk
• Azerbaijani: İstiot
• Bengali: Golmarich গোল মরিচ
• Bulgarian: Пипер черен, Черен пипер
• Burmese: Nayukon ငရုတ်ကောင်းပင်
• Chinese: 胡椒
• Croatian: Biber
• Czech: Pepř
• Danish: Peber
• Dutch: zwarte en witte peper
• Esperanto: Pipro
• Estonian: Pipar
• Finnish: Pippuri
• French: Poivre
• Galician: Pementa
• Georgian: პილპილი
• German: Pfeffer
• Gujarati: Mari કાળા મરી
• Hebrew: פלפל
• Hindi:  kalimirch: काली मिर्च
• Hungarian: Bors
• Icelandic: Pipar
• Indonesian: Merica
• Italian: Pepe
• Japanese: 胡椒
• Kannada: ಮೆಣಸು, ಕರಿಮೆಣಸು karimanasu
• Kazakh: Бұрыш
• Khmer: Mrech
• Korean: 블랙 페퍼
• Lao: Mak phik noi
• Latvian: Pipari
• Lithuanian: Pipirai
• Malay: Lada
• Malayalam: Mulagu കുരുമുളക്
• Marathi: मिरे
• Oriya: Gola maricha
• Polish: Pieprz
• Portuguese: pimenta
• Russian: Перец
• Sanskrit: maricham मरीचम्
• Sinhalese: Miris
• Slovak: Peprovník
• Spanish: Pimienta nigra
• Swahili: Pilipili
• Swedish: Peppar
• Tagalog: Paminta
• Tamil: மிளகு
• Telugu: మిరియాలు miriyalu
• Thai: พริกไท
• Tibetan: Fowarilbu
• Turkish: Biber
• Ukrainian: Perets
• Vietnamese: Cây tiêu
• Yiddish: Fefer

The medicinal part of the black pepper plant are the berries that are usually dried. The plant increases the production of saliva and has antimicrobial effects. Folk medicine has used black pepper to treat digestive problems,  scabies,  and  stomach  disorders. Useful for menstrual headaches. [African American Slave Medicine : Herbal and Non-herbal Treatments]

Ayurvedic uses: Swasa, krimiroga, tvak roga, sula [API, Vol-1 Part-3]

A warm carminative stimulant, producing, when taken into the system, general arterial excitement, but acting with greater proportional energy upon the surfaces with which it is brought more immediately into contact. It is useful in debility of the stomach, and throughout the entire extent of the digestive system exerts a pure stimulant action, and is useful also in fevers where the indications for a stimulant impression exist.   May be given in substance or in infusion, the former being the mode of exhibition generally in favour. It is of great value in fevers, more especially as an adjuvant to more active febrifugent agents, the action of which is materially increased by its presence. In those cases of debility of the stomach and digestive apparatus, as in the case of drunkards, where the ordinary means fail to produce the desired impression, it is exhibited with success. It is also of certain action where a speedy diaphoresis is required, producing a copious amount of perspiration in very short time; of course, for this purpose, it will be preferred in the warm infusion for administration. It is useful in piles and for constipation of the bowels; for either of these purposes it is most frequently given in the form of an electuary. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]

Black pepper is a hot herb used traditionally for treating colds, congestion, sore throat, sinusitis, and fever. Like most hot herbs, it is also a powerful digestion stimulant. It is also used to treat chronic coldness,  temporary  mild  paralysis  (such  as  Bell’s  Palsy  syndrome),  and  for  general stimulation of the Fire element. [A Thai Herbal: Traditional Recipes for Health and Harmony]

Used  in  Ayurveda,  Unani  and  Sidha.  Roots  and  fruits  of  Deeringia  amaranthoides  pounded  with  roots  of  Piper  nigrum  and  given  in  stomach  pain.  Seed  powder  mixed  with  water  given  orally  to  cure  malaria  and  fevers.  Dried  unripe fruit rubefacient, carminative, diaphoretic, stimulant, postpartum  remedy,  stomachic,  treat  diarrhea,  rheumatic  pains, digestion, asthma, chronic bronchitis, scabies, sores,  and  poisons,  especially  food  poisoning  from  meat;  fruits  crushed  and  taken  for  relief  from  cold,  cough  and  fever;  Mimosa pudica roots, Musa sapientum peel, Drymaria cordata  leafy  twigs  and  Piper  nigrum  seeds  ground  together  and made into pills given orally to pregnant women to cause  abortion; decoction of whole plant of Cyperus scariosus with  Piper  nigrum  given  to  cure  influenza,  cough,  cold,  fevers.  Fruits pesticide, insecticide, for fungal infection. Veterinary  medicine, a mixture of leaves of Pergularia extensa, Piper  nigrum seeds and Allium sativum juice put into eyes for any  kind  of  disease  in  cattle.  Ceremonial,  ritual,  ingredient  of  Patra pooja in different religious pooja ceremonies. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Stimulant, carminative, diuretic, anticholerin, sialagogue, bechic, antiasthmatic. Used in fevers, dyspepsia, flatulence, indigestion, and as mucous membrane and gastro-intestinal stimulant. Externally—rubefacient and stimulant to the skin. Used as a gargle for sore throat. Used with ginger and Piper longum for viral hepatitis. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Therapeutic uses : The berries, well known for their stomachic, anodyne and antibacterial properties, are prescribed for treating dyspepsia, vomiting, diarrhoea and colic resulting from cold, The average daily dose is 1 to 3g in the form of a decoction, powder or pills. The powdered berries, applied topically, cure toothache. They can also be used as an insecticide against clothes moths. [Medicinal Plants in Viet Nam]

Promotions for digestion, urination and perspiration, gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhoea diseases, menstrual disorders, dizziness, for oral-hygiene and appetizing and for clear-vision. [Medicinal Plants of Myanmar]

 Fruit:  Dried  or  powdered  berries  are  used  to  treat  ailments  of  the  urinogenital  system; pulverised green berries are boiled and the liquid is drunk to relieve flatulence (wind); decoction of dried berries mixed with Justicia secunda and Zingiber officinale is used to treat menstrual pains. Seed: In Guyana, mixed with Allium cepa, Allium sativum and other plants, to cure Guinea worm infections. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

 

165 Publushed article related to pharmacology of Piper nigrum

Nardostachys grandiflora / Nardostachys jatamansi / Valeriana jatamansi

Nardostachys grandiflora new name Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.

Nardostachys grandiflora is also know as Valeriana jatamansi See here for more

Anacyclus pyrethrum, Pellitory, akkalakarra, Radix Pyrethri germanici sive communis, Ανάκυκλος το πύρεθρον, Bertram

 Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link
Family: Asteraceae

• English: pellitory
• Arabic: عاقر قرحا
• Dutch: Bertram
• Finnish: Marokonraimikki
• French: Pyrèthre d'Afrique
• German: Mehrjähriger Bertram
• Greek: Ανάκυκλος το πύρεθρον
• Hindi, Nepali: अकलकरा akalakara
• Latin: Radix Pyrethri germanici sive communis
• Persian: عاقرقرحا
• Punjabi: ਅਕਰਕਰਾ
• Russian: nemeckaja romaška, Слюногон лекарственный
• Tamil: akkaragaram அக்கராகாரம்
• Telugu: అక్కలకర్ర akkalakarra

Ayurvedic Uses: pratisyaya, Shotha, Ajirna, kasa, swasa, gridrasi, pakshagatha, udara roga, nastartava, sularoga, dantasula [API. part-1, Vol-II]

Rubefacient and sialagogue, it is employed in inflamed conditions of the mouth and fauces, for which it is frequently chewed in the mouth, producing in the action of chewing a copious flow of saliva, and quickly reducing the inflammation. The decoction forms at once a medicine, gargle, and external application for quinsy, relaxed, and sore, throat, to the relief of which it is Successfully applied. It is given in toothache, neuralgia, and in some forms of headache, more particularly in those arising from nervous disorders. It is not to be employed when, any irritation of the stomach exists, and in no case should it be exhibited in large doses. [Botanic Pharmacopoeia]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Immunostimulating, insecticide, sialogogue, a tonic to the nervous system, a treatment for epilepsy, paralysis, hemiplegia, for sore throat and tonsils.  The  extracts  of  Anacyclus  pyrethrum  traditionally used in India during the preparation of chewable tobacco. Containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache. It is believed that application of this herb to the skin stimulates the nerve ends that may result in redness and irritation accompanied by a hot, burning sensation. Root, used as a rubefacient, is a powerful irritant to the skin; dermatitis and contact dermatitis can occur. Overdoses may result in irritation. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

According  to  Bodding,  Santals  use  the  plant  (Santal  name  :  Akor  Kora)  as  an ingredient  of  the  medicines  of  puerperal  fever  and  menorrhagia. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

Stimulant, cordial, rubefacient.A gargle of infusion is prescribed for relaxed vulva. Root—used for toothache, rheumatic and neuralgic affections and rhinitis. Roots, along with the root of Withania somnifera and Vitis vinifera, are used in epilepsy. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

The root is quite stimulating to the mucous membrane and circulation. It creates a tingling sensation in the throat and excites a good free flow of saliva. It is valuable in chronic rheumatism and facial neuralgia. For semi-paralysis of the tongue or a relaxed palate, uvula or pharynx it may be used as a gargle very frequently. [Physio-Medical Therapeutics, Materia Medica and Pharmacy]

Erythrina variegata, tiger's claw, coral tree, pangara, paribhadra, mandar, Drala

Erythrina variegata L.
Family:  Fabaceae also placed in Papilionaceae 

• Assamese: Madaar, Modar, Ranga
• Telugu: Nelaguridi, Nelagurudu, వాజ్యపుచెట్టు vajyapu chettu
• Common name: Indian coral tree, tiger's claw
• Sanskrit: Paribhadrah
• Bangladesh : Mandar  
• Bengali: পারিজাত
• Burmese : Penglay-Kathit 
• Chinese : Hai Tong Pi, Hoi Tong Peh 
• Chuukese : Paar, Weeku
• Cook Islands : Gatae  
• Gujarati: પંગારો
• Hindi: पांगारा
• Kannada: ಹಾಲವಾಣ
• Malayalam: മുൾമുരിക്ക്
• Oriya:  Salotonoya
• Tamil: Civappu-Moccai, Kaliyana Murukku, Mul murukku முள்முருக்கு
• Fiji :  Drala,  Drala  Dina,  Rara,  Rara  Damu, Rarawai, Segar 
• French : Arbreau Corail, Arbre Corail À Feuilles, Panachées,  Arbre  Corail  De  L’inde,  Arbre, Immortel, Bois Immortel, Bois Immortel Vrai, Pignon D’inde 
• German : Indischer Korallenbaum 
• Hawaiian : Wiliwili-Haole 

Uses: Galactogogue, anthelmintic [Medicinal Plants Kerala Ag University]

Used  in  Ayurveda  and  Sidha.  Toxic  alkaloids,  poisonous,  cyanogenic glycoside, saponin, all parts of the tree poisonous.  Raw  seeds  poisonous,  can  be  eaten  after  boiling  and  roasting.  Bark  antipyretic,  febrifuge;  bark  decoction  with  sugar  taken  to  eradicate  intestinal  worms  and  for  blood  dysentery;  gum  from  bark  diluted  in  water  and  applied  to  the  eyes  for  jaundice;  a  soup  made  from  bark  of  this  tree  and leaves of Adhatoda vasica given in cold and cough; a  decoction of bark and leaves used to treat dysentery, rheumatism, fever and to relieve asthma and coughs; stem bark  ground with calcium and the paste applied on scorpion sting;  scraped bark used in stomachache, colic. Leaves soporific, a  cure for convulsions and stomachache; leaves juice anthelmintic, for killing worms in sores; leaf paste used on boils;  leaves  and  flowers  to  treat  menstrual  disorders;  warm  leaf  juice applied on chest in cough; drops of leaf juice put into  ear to cure ear infections. Roots and leaves febrifuge; roots  decoction to treat bronchitis. Seeds astringent, crushed seeds  as a poultice to treat cancer, sores and abscesses. Veterinary  medicine, crushed bark antiinflammatory and astringent for  diarrhea; bark extract given in indigestion; for trypanosomiasis, bark extract of Capparis divaricata pounded with leaves  of Erythrina variegata, ginger, garlic and turmeric in goat’s  milk and given orally; leaves paste applied on the wounds of  the cattle. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Medicinal importance  of  the  species  is  recognized  by some  ethnic  communities and in many Ayurvedic works. In the Ayurvedic system the stem-bark and leaves are  recommended  in  dysmenorrhoea. [Herbal Cures: Traditional Approach]

In Asia and the Pacifi c Islands, different parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments and as nervine sedative, collyrium in ophthalmia, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antiseptic, astringent, febrifuge, anti-bilious, diuretic, laxative, expectorant, anthelmintic, vermifuge and an astringent The bark is used as a laxative, diuretic, expectorant astringent, febrifuge, anti-bilious and anthelmintic and is useful in ophthalmia and skin diseases. The bark is also employed to facilitate the maturation of boils. Dried bark decoction or infusion in alcohol is used for lumbar and leg pain. The stem bark is used against rheumatism in the form of a decoction, extract or tincture and an infusion used for stomachache. The bark when crushed and pounded is used for curing toothache by inserting into cavities or hollow tooth. The bark is chewed for dysentery. A mixture of bark scrapings and lime is applied to reduce swellings. The inner bark is scraped and mixed with little water; the juice is squeezed and drunk to cure cough with sore throat. The wood is rasped in water and given for haematuria. The bark and leaves are used in ‘paribhadra’, an Indian preparation as a vermifuge, for treating fi lariasis, and to relieve joint pain. A decoction of the bark and leaves, sweetened, is considered a good expectorant. The leaves and bark were found to contain the toxic alkaloid, erythrinine , a central nervous system depressant with effects similar to the alkaloid cytosine [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-7] 

Inner bark taken internally for umete (fulamaua) [Samoan Medicinal Plants]

151 published articles of  Erythrina variegata

Clerodendrum serratum, Bharangi, Chiruteku, Kenhenda

 

Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon
Family: Verbenaceae

• Sanskrit: Bharangi
• Assamese:  Phelang Riho
• Bengali : Bamun Hatee, Baman hatee, Bhuijam
• Chinese: 齿叶赪桐 
• Gujarati. : Bharangee
• Hindi: Bharangee
• Kannada : Gantubarangee
• Malayalam: Cheruteku
• Marathi: Bharangee भरंगी, Bharang
• Oriya: Chinds
• Punjabi : Bhadangee
• Sinhalese:  Kenhenda
• Tamil: Cheruteku  சிறு தேக்கு
• Telulug: Gantu bharangi గంటు భరంగి, Bommala marri బొమ్మల మర్రి
• Urdu: Bharangi, Baharangi

Description: Shrubs 1-4 m tall. Branchlets densely yellow pubescent especially on nodes when young, becoming dark brown to gray-yellow and glabrous. Leaves opposite or in threes; petiole to 5 cm or leaf subsessile; leaf blade oblong, obovate-oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 6-30 2.5-11 cm, papery, pubescent, margin subentire to serrulate or sparsely coarse serrate, apex acuminate to acute; veins 10 or 11 pairs, abaxially prominent. Inflorescences terminal thyrses, densely yellow-brown pubescent, cymes sometimes monochasial; bracts sessile, ovate to broadly ovate, 1.5-4.5 0.5-1.8 cm, pubescent; bractlets lanceolate to ovate. Calyx ca. 5 mm, truncate to minutely 5-dentate, pubescent. Corolla white, bluish, or purplish, tube ca. 7 mm; lobes oblong to obovate, 6-12 mm. Stamens ca. 2-4 cm, long exserted, base pubescent. Ovary glabrous. Style long exserted. Drupes green when young, becoming black, subglobose. Fl. and fr. Jun-Dec. 

 

Ayurvedic uses: Gulma, jvara, svasa, kasa, yakshma, pinasa, shotha, hikka, rakta dosha (API, Part-1, Vol-III)
Antispasmolytic, expectorant, carminative [Medicinal Plants Kerala Ag University]
Inflorescences are boiled or cooked with curry in India. Young infl orescences with unexpanded fl owers are eaten as lalab, side dish with rice in Indonesia. [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Vol-8]
Root—Antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, antispasmodic, antitussive carminative, febrifuge. Leaf—febrifuge. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
The  root  of this shrub  is used  for  catarrhal  ailments.  In  certain  parts  of  India it is believed to be very effective for malarial fevers.  The seeds bruised  and boiled in butter milk are given as aperient and for  dropsy. [Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon]

37 published articles of Clerodendrum serratum