Impatiens balsamina, Dushparijati, Mudda Gorinta

Impatiens balsamina L.
Family: Balsaminaceae

Synonyms: Balsamina angustifolia Blume, Balsamina balsamina (L.) Huth [Invalid], Balsamina coccinea (Sims) DC., Balsamina cornuta (L.) DC., Balsamina foeminea Gaertn., Balsamina hortensis Desp., Balsamina lacca Medik., Balsamina minutiflora Span., Balsamina mollis G.Don, Balsamina odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Balsamina racemosa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Balsamina salicifolia Bojer ex Baker, Impatiens arcuata Benth., Impatiens balsamina var. corymbosa Santapau, Impatiens coccinea Sims, Impatiens cornuta L., Impatiens eriocarpa Launert, Impatiens lobbiana Turcz., Impatiens longifolia Wight, Impatiens malayensis Griff., Impatiens salicifolia Turcz., Impatiens sinensis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., Impatiens stapfiana Gilg

Common name: Garden Balsam, Rose balsam, Spotted snapweed,

• Bengali: দোপাটি Dopati
• Chinese: 急性子
• Finnish: Mummonpalsami
• Gujarati: ગુલમેંદી Gulmendi
• Hindi: गुल मेहेंदी Gul-mehndi
• Kannada: ಕರ್ಣಮಮ್ಡಲ Karnamamdala
• Kashmiri: ततूर् Tatur
• Malayalam: തിലം ഓണപ്പു Thilam Oonappuu , Tilo-onapu
• Manipuri: Khujang lei
• Marathi: Chirdo, तेरडा Terada,
• Nepali: तिउरी Tiuree
• Oriya: Haragaura
• Russian: nedotroga bal'zaminovaja, недотрога бальзаминовая
• Sanskrit: दुष्परिजती Dushparijati, Tairini
• Tamil: காசித்தும்பை Kaci-t-tumpai, Aivartenkittumpai, Aivartyenki
• Telugu: ముద్ద గోరింత Mudda Gorinta , చిలకముక్కు పూవు Chilaka mukku puvvu, kaasithummi, Kasi tummi
• Urdu: مينہدي گل Gul-mehndi
• Vietnamese: cây bông móng tay

Description: Plants annual, 60-100 cm tall. Stem erect, robust, base ca. 8 mm in diam., succulent, simple or branched, glabrous or laxly pubescent when young, with many fibrous roots, lower nodes swollen. Leaves alternate, sometimes lowest ones opposite; petiole 1-3 cm, adaxially shallowly sulcate, both sides with few pairs of stipitate glands; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4-12 × 1.5-3 cm, with a pair of sessile black glands toward base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2 or 3 flowers fascicled in leaf axils, without peduncles. Pedicels 2-2.5 cm, densely pubescent, bracteate at base; bracts linear. Flowers white, pink, or purple, simple or double petalous. Lateral sepals 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Lower sepal deeply navicular, 13-19 × 4-8 mm, pubescent, abruptly narrowed into an incurved spur; spur 1-2.5 cm, slender. Upper petal orbicular, apex retuse, mucronulate, abaxial midvein narrowly carinate; lateral united petals shortly clawed, 2.3-2.5 cm, 2-lobed; basal lobes obovate-oblong, small; distal lobes suborbicular, apically retuse; auricule narrow. Stamens 5; filaments linear; anthers ovoid, apex obtuse. Ovary fusiform, densely pubescent. Capsule broadly fusiform, 1-2 cm, densely tomentose, narrowed at both ends. Seeds many, black-brown, globose, 1.5-3 mm in diam., tuberculate.

Traditional Medicinal Uses: A lotion of fresh leaves is used to treat eczema, itches and insect bites. In Vietnam, decoctions of leaves are used to stimulate growth and to wash hair. The juice is also used for warts, cancer treatment and expectorant. A decoction of flowers is taken for infections, vomiting, urine retention and as a tonic. In India, flowers are regarded as cooling, tonic and useful when applied to burns and scalds. The flowers are also used for lumbago and intercostal neuralgia, snakebite, improves circulation and relieves stasis. In Japan, juice squeezed from the white flower petals are applied on the skin to alleviate dermatitis. In China, the seeds are prescribed for difficult labour, puerperal pains, difficult menstruation, cough, hiccups and poisonings. The seeds are mixed with arsenious acid for removing teeth. In Malaysia, the seeds are taken for gastrointestinal tract cancer, and to dislodge fish or chicken bones in throat.

100 Published articles of Impatiens balsamina

Kopsia fruticosa, Shrub Vinca, Dakur, Malakankopsia

Kopsia fruticosa (Roxb.) A.DC.
Family: Apocynaceae

• Common name: Shrub Vinca, Pink Kopsia, Pink Gardenia
• Bengali: Dakur
• Chinese: 红花蕊木
• Finnish: Malakankopsia

Description: Shrubs evergreen, to 4 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, 10-23 X 2.5-9 cm, apex acute or obtusely caudate; lateral veins 10-15 pairs. Inflorescences few flowered, puberulent; peduncle to 1 cm; bracteoles to 1.5 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 5-7 mm. Sepals ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm, pubescent, apex obtuse. Corolla pink, tube 3-5 cm, throat pubescent; lobes oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. Disc scales sublinear, as long as or shorter than ovary. Ovary tomentose. Style 3-4 cm. Drupe ellipsoid, usually solitary, 1-seeded, to 2.5 X 2 cm, pubescent. 2n = 36. 

7 Published articles of Kopsia fruticosa

Ficus elastica, Rubber Tree, Figuier caoutchouc, Atabor

 

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.
Family: Moraceae

Synonyms: Ficus clusiifolia Summerh., Ficus cordata Kunth & C.D.Bouché, Ficus elastica var. belgica L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey, Ficus elastica var. benghalensis Blume, Ficus elastica var. decora Guillaumin, Ficus elastica var. karet (Miq.) Miq., Ficus elastica var. minor Miq., Ficus elastica var. odorata (Miq.) Miq., Ficus elastica var. rubra L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey, Ficus karet (Miq.) King, Ficus skytinodermis Summerh., Ficus taeda Kunth & C.D.Bouché, Macrophthalma elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp., Urostigma circumscissum Miq., Urostigma elasticum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Miq., Urostigma karet Miq., Urostigma odoratum Miq., Visiania elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp.

• Common name: Rubber Tree, Rubber Plant, India Rubber Tree, Indian Rubber Bush
• Assamese: অথা বৰ Atha bor
• Catalan: Ficus del cautxú
• Chinese: 印度橡皮树, 印度榕
• Danish: Gummi-Figen
• Finnish: Kumiviikuna
• French: Figuier caoutchouc
• German: Gummibaum, Indischer Gummibaum
• Hindi: अटाबोर, atabor
• Japanese: インドゴムノキ
• Kannada: Goli, Goni, Shimeala, India rubber mara
• Khasi: Diengjri
• Malayalam: Shimayal, Simayal
• Marathi: रबराचो वड Rabracho-vad
• Persian: فیکوس
• Polish: Figowiec sprężysty
• Portuguese: Árvore-da-borracha
• Russian: Фикус каучуконосный
• Spanish: higuiera cauchera, cauchú comun
• Swedish: Fönsterfikus
• Tamil: சீமை ஆல் Seemai aal
• Telugu: Rabbaru, Sagubanka, Simamarri
• Turkish: Kauçuk ağacı
• Vietnamese: Đa búp đỏ

Description: Trees, 20-30 m tall, d.b.h. 25-40 cm, epiphytic when young. Bark pale gray, smooth. Branchlets strong. Stipules dark red, ca. 10 cm, membranous; scar conspicuous. Petiole robust, 2-5 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 8-30 × 7-10 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green and shiny, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins many, closely parallel, inconspicuous. Figs axillary on leafless branchlets, paired, yellowish green, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 5-8 mm, subsessile; involucral bracts hoodlike, caducous, scar conspicuous. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered among other flowers, pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, ovate; stamen 1; filament absent; anther ovoid-ellipsoid. Gall flowers: sepals 4; ovary ovoid, smooth; style subapical, curved. Female flowers: sessile; style persistent, long; stigma enlarged, ± capitate. Achenes ovoid, tuberculate. Fl. winter.

Uses: Leaves and stem bark antibacterial, antiinflammatory, poultice applied on new and old wounds; Ficus elastica stipules poultice with leaves of Moringa oleifera applied on eruptive  skin  diseases.  Veterinary  medicine,  promoting  the  reproduction. Fruits as fish poison. Latex used for catching birds.  Ceremonial, worship tree, rain making through sacrifices in the sacred forest.  [CRC World Dictionary of  Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

154 Published articles of Ficus elastica

Naravelia zeylanica, chagulbati, Agnivalli, Vathamkolli

Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC.
Family: Ranunculaceae
Synonyms: Atragene zeylanica L., Naravelia pilulifera var. yunnanensis Y. Fei

• Bengali: chagulbati
• Chinese: 锡兰莲
• Irula: Kattu seekkaikodi
• Malayalam: വാതക്കൊടി[ vaathakodi, Karuppakodi, Vathamkodi
• Sanskrit: Agnivalli, Dhanavalli
• Sinhalese: narawael
• Tamil: Vathomkolli, Neendavalli.
• Other Indian names:  balluli  hambu,  behalisham,  bendri-chi-vel,   charachara  balli,  dhanavalli,  erivally,  erpeballi, gorap-choi,  gorap  choi,  goropchoi,  har-jura,  iruppakkodi,  kaarupippala  tivva,  karupippalativva,  karuppakkoti, kathirvalli,  kharau-sai-rikang,  mukkupeenasa  teega,  mukkupinasatige,  naakchaikani,  nang-nang-birik-rikang, neendamalli, nintavalli, poitalacci, polutalacci, poytalacci, pulla bachala,  rikang-birik,  sangongri,  sirukodipatchilai,  talavedana valli vatakkoti, vadakkodivalli, vatakkoti, vatamkkolli, vathakodi

Description: Climbing shrubs; young stem, leaves and buds densely villous; roots tuberous. Leaves 2-3-foliolate; leaflets 4-12 x 3-8 cm, elliptic-ovate, base rounded, margins distantly dentate, apex acute or acuminate, pubescent beneath, glabrous above, basally 5-ribbed; terminal leaflet transformed into a 3-fid, hooked tendril, up to 9 cm long; petioles 5-10 cm long. Flowers c. 1.5 cm across, bisexual, in terminal and axillary divaricately branched, up to 15 cm long panicles. Sepals 4-5, greenish yellow, 0.8-1 cm long, elliptic, pubescent without. Petals 6-12, greenish yellow, 0.7-0.9 x 1-1.5 mm, linear to spathulate. Stamens many; filaments ligulate; staminodes 10-14, petaloid. Carpels many; ovule 1per carpel; style 1.5-2 mm long; stigma clavate. Achenes many; 0.8-1 cm long, linear, stalked, with spirally twisted, 3-4 cm long, feathery persistent style.

Used in Ayurveda. Vine crushed and inhaled to cure headache;  fresh  stems  chewed  in  toothache;  plant  paste  consumed with Borassus flabellifer for chest pain. Young leaves  paste applied on skin diseases and ulcers, and on forehead  for  cold  and  headache;  roots  of  Eranthemum  palatiferum  pounded with leaves of Naravelia zeylanica and applied in  bone fracture. Crushed roots inhaled against cold and fever.  Ceremonial, religious and supernatural beliefs. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Astringent, antiinflammatory, vulnerary, anthelmintic. Used for colic, headache, inflammations, rheumatic pain, wounds and ulcers, intestinal worms, leprosy and skin diseases. Saps of stem—effective in onychia. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

13 Published articles of Naravelia zeylanica

Kyllinga brevifolia shortleaf spikesedge

Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.
Family: Cyperaceae

• Common name: shortleaf spikesedge
• Chinese: 短叶水蜈蚣
• French: Scirpe de Rome, Scirpe mucroné, Scirpe à écailles mucronées
• Indonesian: Jukut pendul
• Korean: 파대가리
• Malay  names:  katob  perenggan,  katup  perenggan,  rumput tuki, sekepet burit

Description: Perennial, 5-35 cm. Rhizome horizontal, long-creeping, c. 2mm diam., aerial stems arising from every second node. Stem 0.5-1.5 mm diam., sharply trigonous, smooth, green. Leaves much shorter than stem; sheaths 10 - 65 mm, grey or brown, sometimes with reddish tint, scarious; blades up to 10 cm, 1.5-3 mm wide, flat, slightly keeled, sometimes folded, margins smooth, apex flat, short, acute, scabrous along margins and midrib below. Inflorescence a single, round cluster of c. 100 spikes, 5-7 mm; 2-3 bracts foliose, spreading, to 80 mm. Spike c. 2.5 x 1 mm, compressed, pedicel 0.2 mm, glume-like bract scarious, glume-like prophyll scarious; glumes 2, opposite, c. 2.5 mm, keeled, folded, mid-nerve green, smooth or scabrous, acuminate, sides scarious, with 2-3 prominent nerves, white or yellowish and often with brown dots. Stamens 3. Nut c. 1 mm, compressed, obovoid, yellowish, surface papillose.

For diarrhea, eat the leaves with betel. Poulticing rhizomes for sore legs. Rootstock juice taken for jaundice. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Leaf: digestive . Dried rhizome: sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic, Dried root: for liver disease [ Medicinal flora of Argentina]
Diuretic, antiinflammation; alleviates pain, cough, throat infection, flu, headache; antiviral, abdominal pain, appendix, alleviates stress; a sedative agent. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

38 Published articles of Kyllinga brevifolia

Liquidambar formosana, Silhak, Sweetgum, Fragrant Maple, Sau sau

Liquidambar formosana Hance
Family: Altingiaceae
Synonyms: Liquidambar acerifolia Maxim., Liquidambar formosana var. monticola Rehder & E.H.Wilson,
Liquidambar maximowiczii Miq., Liquidambar tonkinensis A.Chev.

• Common name: Chinese Sweetgum, Fragrant Maple
• Chinese: 枫香树
• Persian: شیرین‌ژد چینی
• Finnish: Kiinanambrapuu
• Japanese: フウ
• Vietnamese: Sau sau
• Sanskrit: Silhak
• Unani: Silaaras

Descrption: Trees to 30 m tall, trunk sometimes 1 m in diam.; bark gray-brown; branchlets pubescent or glabrous, somewhat lenticellate; buds ovoid, 1 cm, puberulent. Stipules red, nearly free or adnate to petiole, 1–1.4 cm; petiole 8–12 cm, pubescent; leaf blade broadly ovate, palmately 3-lobed and 3-veined, central lobe longer, abaxially usually drying gray-white, pubescent or glabrous, base rounded, margin glandular serrate, apex caudate-acuminate, cordate, subcordate or truncate, veins prominent on both surfaces. Male inflorescence a short spike, several arranged in a raceme. Female inflorescence 24–43-flowered; peduncle 3–6 cm, occasionally lenticellate, eglandular. Male flowers: stamens many, filaments unequal, anthers slightly shorter than filaments. Female flowers: staminode teeth 4–7, needlelike, 4–8 mm; ovary pubescent, styles 6–10 mm, usually coiled backwards. Infructescence globose, 3–4 cm wide. Capsules with persistent staminodes. Seeds many, brown. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.

Ayurvedic uses: Balsam—anti-inflammatory, stimulating expectorant, antiparasitic, antiseptic, antimicrobial. Used externally in scabies, ringworm and other skin diseases. Used for coughs and bronchitis as an inhalation. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]
Uses: The  resin, stems, leaves, and fruits are used medicinally for irregular menstruation, lumbago, rheumatic joint pains, urticaria and dysuria. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]
Antihemorrhagic, externally as antiphlogistic and astringent in skin diseases. [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

125 Published articles of Liquidambar formosana

Stephania japonica, Tape Vine, Batule paate, hasu-no-ha-kazura

Stephania japonica var. discolor (Blume) Forman
(This name is the accepted name of an infraspecific taxon of the species Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers )
Family: Menispermaceae

Common name: Tape Vine
Assamese: Tubuki lota
Bengali: Akanadi, Kanadi, Chhotopard
Garo: Khaarkha
Malayalam: patakkilannu
Manipuri: থংগা উরী অঙৌবা Thangga-uri angouba
Nepali: बाटुलीपाते Batule paate
Sanskrit: Rajapatha
Telugu: Karulavachettu, Distipadu
Japanese: hasu-no-ha-kazura
Okinawa: yama-kanda

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Whole plant hypotensive and  spasmolytic. Roots and leaves in bowel disorders, stomachache,  dyspepsia,  dysentery,  diarrhea,  dropsy,  cough,  fever,  birth control, piles. Root paste taken for vertigo, fever, diarrhea,  dysentery,  indigestion  and  urinary  troubles;  root  for  heart troubles; root tuber mixed with root juice of Flemingia  stricta taken for asthma. Leaf paste applied on septic ulcer,  headache;  leaves  extract  for  birth  control,  leucorrhea;  leaf  juice applied on forehead to cure headache and for cooling;  leaves with honey for diarrhea, jaundice and urinary complaints; stem bark and leaves for diarrhea, dysentery. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Historically used to treat fever and diarrhea; continue use where antibiotics prescribed.  Stephania japonica (stephania) showed MDR- reversing activity. [Clinical Botanical Medicine]

Stem and Root Processing: Dry under the sun. Method of Administration: Oral (decoction); Topical(paste of fresh root or herb).
Folk Medicinal Uses: l) Abdominal pain  , 2) Common cold  , 3) Diarrhea  , 4) Feebleness caused by pulmonary tuberclosis  , 5) Sore-throat, 6) Tooth ache   , 7) Stomach-ache   , 8) Edema  , 9) Beriberi   , 10) Urine difficulty    , 1 l) Eczema of vulva   , 12) Rheumatic arthritis   , 13) Snake bite   , 14) Carbuncle [International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine]

In Japan and Taiwan decoction of the plant is used as a drink to treat malaria and to invigorate. In Indonesia, the roots are used to assuage stomachaches, and a paste of the fruit is applied to cancer of the breast. The antimalarial properties of the plant are very likely owed to the interesting array  of  isoquinolines,  which  abound  in  the  plant,  including  homostephanoline,  hasubanonine, prometaphanine,  epistephanine,  cyclanoline,  hasubanol,  isotrilobine,  and  trilobine. 5–13   Hall  and Chang 14   made  the  interesting  observation  that  isotrilobine  in  reverse  doxorubicin  resistance  in human  breast  cancer  cells  might  hold  some  potential  for  chemotherapy.  Note  that  weight  loss phytopharmaceuticals  containing  Stephania  tetrandra  S.  Moore  are  banned  from  the  European market because of their hazardous effect on the kidneys .[Medicinal Plants  of Asia  and the Pacific]

(Root): Stephanine, protostephanine, epistephanine, hypoepistephanine, homostephanoline, metaphanine, prometaphanine, hasubanonine, insularine, cyclanoline, steponine, stephanoline, stepinonine. Treats nephritic edema, urinary tract infection, rheumatic arthritis, sciatic neuralgia. 

58Published articles of Stephania japonica

Tinospora sinensis, gilo, Kattu amirthu

Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr.
Family: Menispermaceae
Synonyms: Campylus sinensis Lour., Cocculus tomentosus Colebr., Menispermum cordifolium Willd., Menispermum malabaricum Lam., Menispermum tomentosum (Colebr.) Roxb., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, Tinospora malabarica (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Tinospora tomentosa (Colebr.) Hook. f. & Thomson

• Common name: Malabar Gulbel, Chinese tinospora
• Assamese: hoguni-lota
• Chinese: 中华青牛胆 
• Hindi: गिलोय giloy, गुलंचा gulancha, gurch
• Kannada: Sudarsana balli
• Malayalam: Pee-amerdu, Kattu amirthu
• Marathi: gulvel, vhadli-amrutvel
• Nepali: गुरुज Guruj
• Sanskrit: Vatsadani, Sudarsana, Amrta
• Tamil: potchindil
• Telugu: tippatega తిప్పతీగ,

Discription: Leaves 11-14 x 9-11 cm, broadly ovate, apex acuminate, base cordate, 5-7ribbed, scabrous above, densely white tomentose below. Male flowers 3-5 together, pedicelled; sepals 6 in 2 whorls, outer smaller, inner 2 x 1.5 mm, obovate; petals 6 smaller; stamens 6, free, anthers orbicular. Female flowers: sepals and petals similar to male flowers; carpels 3, stigma bilobed, staminodes 6, clavate. Drupe 8 mm long, 1 or 2 together, ovoid, red, glabrous.

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Tonic, immunostimulant, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antimalarial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nutrient, used for treating arthritis and chronic rheumatism, good revitalizer for old age diseases, increases appetite  and  digestion  for  elderly.  Stems  for  treating  bronchitis,  asthma,  piles,  ulcerated  wounds,  liver  complaints, chronic rheumatism and also as muscle relaxant; stem juice febrifuge. Leaf extract used as ear drop.

48 Published articles of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr.

Thunbergia erecta, Bush Clock Vine, King's Mantle

Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T.Anderson
Family: Acanthaceae
Synonym: Meyenia erecta Benth.

Common name: Bush Clock Vine, King's Mantle
Chinese: 直立山牵牛 ,硬枝老鸦
French: Phlogacanthe turgide

Description: A glabrous, upright, upto 1.25 m tall undershrub. Leaves late-ovate to elliptic-ovate to obovate, 3-8 x 2-4 cm, basally rounded, distantly serrate, acute, apiculate. Flowers purple-blue to dark blue, up to c. 6 cm long, c. 4 cm across, usually solitary axillary; Bracts 15 x 10 mm, deciduous. Calyx teeth c. 15, subulate, glandular hairy. Corolla tube ± curved yellowish-white or white, glandular hairy outside, lobes subequal, c. 1.5 cm long, obtuse. Staminal filaments glandular-hairy; anthers oblong, c. 4 mm long, bearded, mucronate. Style c. 3.5 cm long; stigma 2-lobed, upper lobe upright, lower patent.

Published articles:
1. Pollination biology of Thunbergia erecta, T. Anders. and its horticultural variety alba Hort.
 Radhamany, P. M.; Antony, M. L.
Journal of Palynology  Volume: 40   Pages: 165-172   Published: 2004, publ. 2005

2. SHOOT APEX ORGANIZATION AND LEAF DEVELOPMENT IN THUNBERGIA-ERECTA T. ANDERS ACANTHACEAE
 VERMA S K; KUMAR V
Acta Botanica Indica  Volume: 17   Issue: 1   Pages: 108-112   Published: 1989

Portulaca umbraticola

Portulaca umbraticola Kunth

Family: Portulacaceae
Synonyms: Portulaca coronata Small, Portulaca denudata Poelln., Portulaca lanceolata Engelm., Portulaca lanceolata Haw.
Portulaca lanceolata var. minor Engelm., Portulaca lanceolata var. versicolor Engelm. Portulaca plano-operculata Kuntze, Portulaca umbraticola subsp. coronata (Small) J.F.Matthews & Ketron, Portulaca umbraticola subsp. umbraticola

Common name: Wingpod Purslane, Crownpod Purslane
Finnish: Kruunuportulakka

Description: Plants annual; roots fibrous. Stems prostrate to suberect; trichomes sparse at nodes and in inflorescence, stems otherwise glabrous; branches 5-20 cm. Leaf blades obovate, spatulate, or sometimes lan-ceolate, flattened, 10-35 × 2-15 mm, apex rounded to truncate; involucrelike leaves 4-5. Flowers 8-15 mm diam.; petals yellow or yellow tipped with red or copper, spatulate or obovate, 5-10 × 3-6 mm, apex acute or cuspidate; stamens 7-30; stigmas (3-)5-18. Capsules obovoid or turbinate, 3-5 mm diam., with encircling, expanded, membranaceous wing 0.5-1.5 mm wide proximal to suture. Seeds gray, round or elongate, flattened, 0.5-1 mm; surface cells stellate with long tubercles.

Entire plant: emollient [ Medicinal flora of Argentina]

5 Published articles of Portulaca umbraticola

Shorea robusta, kungiliyam, Guggilam

Shorea robusta Gaertn.
Family: Dipterocarpaceae

• Common name: Sal tree
• Assamese: Sal, Hal
• Bengali: Sal, শাল (উদ্ভিদ)
• Chinese: 婆罗双
• Esperanto: Fortika ŝoreo
• Finnish: Intianmerantipuu
• German: Salbaum
• Hindi: साल Sal, Salwa, Sakhu, Sakher
• Japanese: サラソウジュ
• Kannada: ashvakarna, asina, asu, bile-bhogimara
• Khasi: Dieng blei
• Lithuanian: Stambioji šorėja
• Malayalam: karimaruthu, kungiliyam, maramaram കൈമരുത്
• Marathi: sal, guggilu, rala, sajara
• Oriya: Sargi gatcho
• Polish: Damarzyk mocny
• Russian: Сал (растение)
• Sanskrit: agnivallabha, ashvakarna, ashvakarnika
• Sinhala: සල් (බුද්ධ චරිතය සබැඳි)
• Swedish: Salträd
• Tamil: attam, venkungiliyam, kungiliyam
• Telugu: గుగ్గిలం కలప చెట్టు
• Thai: สาละ
• Urdu: Ral, Safed dammar

Description: Trees to 40 m tall, ± tardily deciduous; trunk to 2 m in diam.; crown spreading. Bark gray to dark reddish brown, becoming fissured and flaky; inner bark not laminated; wood hard; heartwood dark brown. Branchlets densely buff scabrous-pubescent. Stipules fugacious, lanceolate, small, lepidote; petiole 2-2.5 cm, buff scabrous-pubescent; leaf blade 10-40 × 5-24 cm, ovate to oblong, thinly leathery, midvein prominent abaxially and conspicuous adaxially, lateral veins ca. 12 pairs prominent abaxially, tertiary veins densely scalariform, glabrous, base obtuse to cordate, apex acuminate. Flowers subsessile, on panicles to 25 cm; branches racemose, secund; bracts caducous, minute. Petals strongly contorted, creamy-yellow or sometimes with a medium pink stripe, 1-1.5 cm × ca. 5 mm, linear. Sepals ovate, to 2 mm in bud, subequal, densely buff pubescent. Stamens many; anthers panduriform, setose toward apex; connective appendages short, stout, exceeding anther apex, sparsely setose. Ovary ovoid, densely buff pubescent. Fruit sepals unequal, spatulate, sparsely pubescent, 3 longer to 8 × 1.5 cm, 2 smaller to 3.5 × 0.5 cm; nut ovoid, ca. 5 × 12 mm. Fl. Feb-May, fr. May-Jul.

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Root paste poured in  the  vagina  before  sexual  intercourse  as  vaginal  contraceptive. Roots and seeds useful in dysentery. Resin and mustard  oil applied for relieving pain; powdered resin with hot milk  given to relieve stomach pain. The gum mixed with curd is  given  in  dysentery,  gonorrhea,  weak  digestion,  chest  pain,  stomachache, and as aphrodisiac. Bark cooling, refrigerant,  purgative, a decoction given in dysentery, and also used for  washing  old  wounds;  bark  powder  sprinkled  on  ulcers  for  healing; bark poultice applied on unhealing sores, and in cuts  to stop bleeding. Fruits pounded and the paste given to treat  diarrhea. Leaf juice used in skin diseases. Ceremonial, ritual,  magico-religious beliefs, wood used for constructing shrines  and funerary pillars, resin burnt as incense in religious ceremonies. Seeds and stem bark as fish poison. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Fruit—a paste is prescribed in diarrhoea. Resin—astringent, detergent; antidiarrhoeal and antidysenteric. Essential oil of Sal resin—antiseptic. Used for skin diseases. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

572 Published articles of Shorea robusta

Hypericum oblongifolium

Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy
Family: Hypericaceae
Synonyms: Hypericum cernuum Roxb. ex D.Don, Hypericum cernuum Roxb. , Hypericum patulum var. oblongifolium (Choisy) Koehne, Hypericum speciosum Wall., Norysca cernua (Roxb. ex D.Don) Voigt, Norysca oblongifolia (Choisy) Blume

Common name: Pendant St Johns Wort
Leaf juice an antidote against snakebite. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology]

14 Published articles of Hypericum oblongifolium

Hypericum dyeri

Hypericum dyeri Rehder
Family: Hypericaceae
Common name: Dyer's Hypericum

Description: Shrub 0.6-1.2 m tall, spreading. Stems arching; branches 2-4-lined and flattened at first, soon 2-lined to terete. Leaves with petiole 1-2 mm long; lamina 10-60 mm long. 5-35 mm broad, ovate to lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute or apiculate to rounded, base cuneate to rounded, venation laxly or scarcely reticulate. Inflorescence of 1-many-flowered subcorymbose cymes; flowers 1.5-3.5 cm in diameter. Sepals 4-12 mm long, linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, .10-18 mm long, 1.2 x longer than the stamens. Stamens c. 20 in each fascicle. Ovary 3.5-5 mm long; styles 1.5-2 x longer than the ovary, free, gradually divergent, spreading at apex. Capsule 7-10 mm long, subglobose, without vittae or vescicles. Seeds 0.9-1 mm long, apiculate, carinate; testa laxly reticulate.

Antiproliferative Activity and Chemical Constituents of Hypericum dyeri. Rehder
Ali, Mumtaz; Arfan, Mohammad; Zaman, Khair; et al.
JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN  Volume: 35   Issue: 2   Pages: 391-395   Published: APR 2013

Jacaranda mimosifolia, Neeli gulmohur

Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don
Family: Bignoniaceae

Common name: Blue Jacaranda
Bengali: নেএলকংঠ Neelkanth
Chinese: 蓝花楹
Hindi: Neeli gulmohur नीली गुलमोहर
Malayalam: നീലവാക
Spanish: Tarco
Thai: ศรีตรัง

Description: Trees 6-18 m tall. Leaves alternate, 24-45 cm long; bipinnate; pinnae elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 9-16 x 3-6 mm, entire, acuminate, cuneate, sessile. Panicles up to 45 cm long, erect, puberulous. Calyx campanulate, truncate, pubescent; teeth linear, c. 0.6 mm long. Corolla tube 30-35 mm long, abruptly dilated towards base; lobes subequal, 8-9 mm long, upper 2 lobes white inside; lower 3 lobes hairy within. Filaments of longer stamens c. 12 mm long, staminode subexserted, ± 2.6 mm long. Disk fleshy. Ovary oblong, 2-2.5 mm long, appressed pubescent; style 18-20 mm long, slightly curved and exceeding the stamens; stigma narrow oblong. Capsule suborbicular-oblong, 50-60 x 40-46 mm. Seeds obovoid, 5-6 x 4-4.5 mm (with wing 16-18 mm broad). 

Leaves’ volatile oil—applied to buboes. Leaves and bark of the plant—used for syphilis and blennorrhagia. An infusion of the bark is employed as a lotion for ulcers.

The leaves contain jacaranone, verbascoside and phenylacetic-beta-glucoside along with a glucose ester, jacaranose. Flavonoid scutellarein and its 7-glucuronide, and hydroquinones were also isolated. Fruits contain betasitosterol, ursolic acid and hentriacontane; stem bark gave lupenone and beta-sitosterol. The flowers contain an anthocyanin. In Pakistan, the flowers are sold as a substitute for the Unani herb Gul-e-Gaozabaan. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Root: sudorific, emetic, cathartic Bark, infusion: for fertility regulation Dried leaf: for liver disorders, antisyphilitic, for infections (compresses) Part not specified: abortifacient. Dried leaf: cytotoxic activity  Dried twig: hypotensive activity.

Fresh flowers. Cyanidin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside: flavonoid M14652; jacaranone: quinoid Dried fruit. Acetate ethyl-2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-5-cyclohexadienyl): benzenoid; apigenin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside: flavone. [Medicinal flora of Argentina]

41 Published articles of  Jacaranda mimosifolia