Cinnamomum verum, Cinnamon, Dalchini

Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
Family: Lauraceae
Synonyms: Persea cinnamomum Spreng., Laurus rigida Wall., Laurus montana Link ex Meisn., Laurus culitlaban Buch.-Ham. ex Nees, Laurus cinnamomum L., Laurus cinnamomea Salisb., Laurus cinnamifera Stokes, Cinnamomum zollingeri Lukman., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. microphyllum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. inodorum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. foeniculaceum Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cordifolium Hayne, Cinnamomum zeylanicum var. cassia Meisn., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Cinnamomum wolkensteinii Lukman., Cinnamomum variabile Lukman., Cinnamomum vaillantii Lukman., Cinnamomum sonneratii Lukman., Cinnamomum sieberi Lukman., Cinnamomum roxburghii Lukman., Cinnamomum regelii Lukman., Cinnamomum pourretii Lukman., Cinnamomum pleei Lukman., Cinnamomum pallasii Lukman., Cinnamomum ovatum Lukman., Cinnamomum meissneri Lukman., Cinnamomum mauritianum Lukman., Cinnamomum maheanum var. karrouwa Lukman., Cinnamomum maheanum Lukman., Cinnamomum madrassicum Lukman., Cinnamomum leschenaultii Lukman., Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Sm., Cinnamomum karrouwa Lukman., Cinnamomum iners Wight [Illegitimate], Cinnamomum humboldtii Lukman., Cinnamomum erectum Lukman., Cinnamomum ellipticum Lukman., Cinnamomum delessertii Lukman., Cinnamomum decandollei Lukman., Cinnamomum cordifolium Lukman., Cinnamomum commersonii Lukman., Cinnamomum cinnamomum (L.) H.Karst., Cinnamomum cayennense Lukman., Cinnamomum carolinense var. oblongum Kaneh., Cinnamomum capense Lukman., Cinnamomum boutonii Lukman., Cinnamomum bonplandii Lukman., Cinnamomum biafranum Lukman., Cinnamomum bengalense Lukman., Cinnamomum barthii Lukman., Cinnamomum aromaticum J.Graham, Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm., Camphorina cinnamomum (L.) Farw.

Common name: Cinnamon
Albanian: Kanella, Kanellë
Amharic: Kerefa, qa-ra-faa, ቀረፋ
Arabic: قِرْفَة, dâr sînî, قرفة
Armenian: Կինամոն
Azerbaijani: Darçın, Дарчын
Basque: Kanela, Kanelondo
Burmese: Thit-ja-bo-gauk
Catalan: Canyella
Croatian: Ceylonski cimet, Cimet
Czech: Skorice, Skorice cejlonska
Esperanto: Cinamo
Estonian: Kaneel, Tseiloni kaneelipuu
Finnish: aitokaneli, Ceyloninkaneli Kaneli
French: Cannelier de Ceylan, Cannelle, Cannelle type Ceylan, Cannellier
Galician: canela
Georgian: Darichini, daricini, დარიჩინი
German: Ceylon-Zimt Echter Zimt, Zimtblute
Hebrew: קינמון
Hindi: दालचीनी Dalchini
Hungarian: Ceyloni fahéj,
Indonesian: Kayu manis
Italian: cannella del Ceylano
Japanese: にっけい, セイロンニッケイ,  肉桂
Kannada: ದಾಲಚೀನೀ Dalchini
Kazakh: Даршин
Khmer: Chek tum phka loeng
Korean: 계, 육계
Latin: Cortex Cinnamomi zeylanici
Malayalam: കറുവ
Polish: Cynamon cejloński
Portuguese: canelleira da India
Romanian: Scorţişoară
Russian: Цейлонская корица
Sanskrit: Darusita, tamalapatra, twak
Sinhalese: Kurundu
Tamil: சன்னலவங்கம் Channalavangam, Karuva
Telugu: Dalchini chekka దాల్చిన చెక్క
Thai: อบเชย,  อบเชยเทศ
Turkish: Tarcin, Tarçın ağacı
Ukrainian: Кориця
Vietnamese: Quế rành
Yiddish: Tsimring

Description: Trees, to 20 m high, bark 8-10 mm thick, brown, rough, cracks vertical; blaze creamy pink; bole buttressed; branchlets glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite or subopposite, estipulate; petiole 8-20 mm, stout, glabrous, slightly grooved above; lamina 9.5-14 x 3.5-5.5 cm, ovate, elliptic ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, base acute, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous, 3-ribbed from base, prominent, glabrous; lateral nerves 3-6 pairs, obscure, pinnate; intercostae reticulate. Flowers bisexual, in terminal and axillary, pedicel 7 mm long, pale yellow, 5 mm long, 6 mm across; perianth 8 mm, silky, tube campanulate, lobes 6, 3 mm long, oblong-lanceolate; stamens 9 perfect, those of first and second rows opposite the perianth lobes, introrse and eglandular, those of third row opposite the first row, lateral, bearing 2 large glands at the base; staminodes 3, of the forth row opposite the second row, cordate and stipitate; ovary half inferior, sessile. Fruit a berry, 1-2 cm, ellipsoid to oblong-ovoid, dark purple, surrounded by the enlarged perianth.

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge [ Medicinal Plants Kerala Ag. Univ]

Used in Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha. Root bark and stem bark aromatic. Dried bark aromatic, carminative, astringent, stimulant,  stomachic,  analgesic,  antiseptic,  antispasmodic, germicide,  hemostatic,  used  for  stomachache,  vomiting, nausea, flatulence, to treat headaches and intestinal troubles; stembark juice applied on teeth in tooth decay and toothache. Bark and leafy branches contain volatile oil useful in rheumatic pains and nervous breakdown. Aromatic root smelled to relieve headache. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Dominican Medicinal Uses : The inner bark is traditionally prepared as a decoction and taken orally for allergy, anxiety, arthritis, low blood pressure, kidney ailments, common cold, flu, sinusitis and women’s health conditions. Contraindications: Large quantities of cinnamon should not be during pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects. [Dominican Medicinal Plants]

Cinnamon tea might be useful for elderly bedridden patients with cold extremities, or in preparing such  a  patient  for  a  recuperative  walk,  or  cast  removal  from  a  fractured  extremity.  Regarded  as antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, diaphoretic, fungicide, stimulant, and stomachic, it is a fragrant cordial, useful for weakness of stomach and diarrhea, checking nausea and vomiting,  and  used  in  other  medicinal  mixtures.  Powdered  bark  in  water  (or  EO,  or  tiger  balm containing many of the same chemicals) is applied to the temple in headaches and neuralgia. Cinnamon bark  prevents  platelet  agglutination  and  shows  antithrombic  and  antitumor  activity.  Lebanese  use cinnamon  as  a  stimulant,  for  colds,  rheumatism,  halitosis,  and  to  check  slobbering  in  young  and elderly people. It is also used to loosen coughs. Ayurvedics consider the bark aphrodisiac and tonic, using it for biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, itch, parched mouth, worms, and cardiac, rectal, and urinary diseases. They use the oil for “eructations,” gas, loss of appetite, nausea, and toothache. Unani consider  the  oil  carminative,  emmenagogue,  and  tonic  to  the  liver,  using  it  for  abdominal  pains, bronchitis, head colds, and inflammation. They consider the bark alexeteric, aphrodisiac, carminative expectorant, sialagogue, and tonic, using it for gas, headache, hiccup, hydrocele, liver ailments, piles, and scorpion stings. One of our Belizean ecotourists was complaining about a snoring roommate. Famed Belizean herbalist Rosita Aruigo suggests 1 cup of cinnamon tea with 2 tsp grated ginger, adding honey and milk to taste. Drink at bedtime each night until cured. Since I have mentioned one spicy Ayurvedic triad, trikatu (ginger, long pepper, and pepper), I may as well mention another spicy triad, trijataka [cardamom, cinnamon, and “tejapatra,” which I am told is cassia (unidentified in DEP and WOI)],  three  more  aromatics  often  used  together  for  lengual  paralysis,  stomach  cramps,  and toothache. [CRC Handbook of medicinal spices]

Cinnamon are mainly used for digestive disorders such as diarrhoea, and flatulent colic or dyspepsia. Cinnamon has also been used for the common cold, and the oil may have antiseptic activity. It has been used in Chinese medicine for circulatory disorders. [Herbal Medicines Interactions]

Cinnamon used in Asian traditional medicine for colds, flu, and digestive problems, recent investigations indicate that it has a potent stabilizing effect on blood sugar levels, helping to slow or prevent the onset of diabetes. It is also active against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium commonly linked with  stomach ulcers.  [Herbal Remedies] 

68 Published articles of Cinnamomum verum

Thunbergia grandiflora, Neel lata, Blue Trumpet Vine, สร้อยอินทนิล

Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Roxb.
Family: Acanthaceae

Synonyms: Flemingia grandiflora Roxb. ex Rottl., Pleuremidis grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Raf., Thunbergia adenophora W.W. Sm., Thunbergia chinensis Merr., Thunbergia cordifolia Nees, Thunbergia lacei Gamble

Common name: Bengal Clock Vine, Bengal Trumpet Vine, Blue Sky Flower, Blue Sky Vine, Blue Trumpet Vine
Assamese: Kukua loti
Bengali: নীল লতা Neel lota
Chinese: 大花山牵牛, 大花老鸦嘴
Gujarati: Tumakhlung
Hindi: नील लता Neel lata
Kenya: cheptereret
Khasi: Jermi khnong, Syntiew jyrni chankhlaw
Malay: patok tuwauh
Mizo: Vakohrui, Zawngafian, Vako
Russian: Тунбергия_крупноцветковая
Swedish: Klockthunbergia
Tanzania: bangiliko, enyoru, wankula
Thai: สร้อยอินทนิล
Vietnamese: Dây bông xanh

Description: Woody vine, twining, 10-15 m in length. Stems cylindrical, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, striate, puberulous; cross section of the stem with the pith hollow and the xylem tissue with wide rays. Leaves opposite; blades 15-26 × 13-30 cm, ovate or broadly ovate, chartaceous, the apex acute or acuminate, the base cordiform or subcordiform, the margins lobate-dentate, ciliate; upper surface dark green, shiny, puberulous, with slightly prominent venation; lower surface light green, ull, glabrous or puberulous, with prominent venation; petioles 6-12 cm long, sulcate. Flowers arranged in axillary cymes; pedicels robust, cylindrical, 4-6 cm long; bracts light green, membranaceous, ovate, ca. 4 cm long, covering the calyx and the corolla tube. Calyx green, in the form of a ring, 4-5 mm long; corolla lilac or white, infundibuliform, with 5 lobes, the tube 6-7 cm long, light yellow inside, narrow at the base, the limb 6-7 cm in diameter. Capsule ca. 3 cm long, subglobose at the base, the upper half in the form of a beak, dehiscent in two halves.

Leaves decoction drunk for stomach complaints and indigestion; leaves paste used as poultice in skin diseases, cuts; juice of leaves with leaves of Thunbergia coccinea given in stomach pain. Sap from the stem given in eye troubles. Roots, leaves and whole plant decoction applied to snakebites. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Therapeutic uses: The leaves are commonly used against snake-bite. The petioles are removed and the juice of 30 to 50g of pounded fresh leaves is used to massage the site of the snake-bite, from the top downwards ; the residue is applied topically. The leaves are used on their own or in combination with Abelmoschus moschatus leaves and Clausena lansium seeds. Poulticing with a moistened fine powder of dried leaves is also prescribed. [Medicinal Plants in Viet Nam]

15 Published articles of Thunbergia grandiflora

Thunbergia fragrans, Indrapushpam, Chimin

Thunbergia fragrans Roxb.
Family: Acanthaceae

Common name: White Clock-Vine, White Lady, white thunbergia
Chinese: 铁贯藤 
Hindi: चिमीन Chimin
Japan: yahazu-kazura
Malayalam: Noorvan-valli
Marathi: चिमीन Chimine
Malayalam: Noorvan-valli
Spanish: Flor de nieve
Tamil: இந்த்ரபுஸ்பம் Indrapushpam, Kaasanangaai, Thannikkodi 
Othe rnames: benne  balli,  chakrakedar,  chimiti,  hegala  balli, indrapushapa, indrapushpa balli, indrathige, indratige, intiraputpi,  jimandaarathige,  koligokke,  kolikka,  kolikokka, kolikokkai,  koliokokkai,  noorvan  valli,  palatheega,  simiti, vengachchaan poovu

Description: A slender, herbaceous twiner or climber with quadrangular strigose young shoots. Leaves with 2-4.5 cm long, slender petiole; lamina broadly elliptic to ovate or lanceolate-ovate, (3-) 4-10 x (1.5) 2-5 (-6) cm, entire or few toothed, sparsely strigose on both sides near the truncate to cordate base, palmately 3-5-nerved, acute-acuminate. Flowers white, 4-5 cm long, c. 5 cm across, solitary axillary, on 2-7 cm long stout pedicels; bracts connate and spathaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm x c. 6-8 mm, ± acute, hairy. Calyx cupular with 12-16, subulate, 1-3 mm long, glandular hairy teeth. Corolla tube cylindrical, 2-2.5 cm long; lobes 5, subequal, nearly as long as tube, puberulous outside. Staminal filaments glandular-hairy below; anthers oblong, slightly beaked above, without spur at base. Style c. 2 cm long. Capsule depressed globose, c. 8 mm across, scabrid, puberulent, with 1-1.5 cm long beak. Seeds reticulate. 

Used in Sidha. Tender twigs made into a paste applied all over the body against the fever. Leaves used as poultice in skin diseases; tender leaf juice poured in nose and the paste applied  on  face  for  giddiness,  and  on  forehead  for  head-ache;  crushed  leaves  decoction  drunk  for  paralysis;  leaf paste applied on cuts and wounds; leaves ground with cumin mixed in water and taken orally as abortifacient. Fresh root juice used as eye drops. Magico-religious beliefs, to keep off evil spirits and ghosts, flowers paste applied all over the body and fruits tied as a necklace. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

7 Published articles of Thunbergia fragrans

Ruellia tuberosa, chatpati, Minnie Root, pattaskai

Ruellia tuberosa L.
Family: Acanthaceae
Synonyms: Cryphiacanthus barbadensis Nees, Dipteracanthus clandestinus C.Presl

Common name: Waterkanon, Watrakanu, Minnie Root, Iron root, Feverroot, Popping pod,
Chinese: 块根芦莉草
Javanese: Ceplikan
Marathi: Ruwel
Tamil: Pattaskai பட்டாஸ்காய்
Thai: ต้อยติ่ง
Hindi: chatpati चट्पटि
Telugu: chetapatakaayala mokka చిటపటకాయల మొక్క,
Other names: ghabri, jalvarkur, jurbula, ote sirka ba, tapas kaaya

Description: An erect, up to 60 (-70) cm tall herb with stout, 4-angled stems, swollen and purplish at the nodes, tender parts sparsely hairy. Roots slender, elongated, tuberous. Leaves with up to 2 cm long petiole; lamina oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, 5-9 (-10) x 2-4 cm, shining, basally cuneate to attenuate, entire to ± undulate, obtuse to somewhat acute, often mucronulate. Flowers shortly pedicellate, blue-violet, showy, 5-5.5 cm long, c. 3.5 cm across, solitary or in 1-3-flowered, terminal or axillary cymes; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, c. 5 mm long. Calyx lobes ± equal, linear, 1.3-2 cm long, ciliate, acute. Corolla pubescent outside, tube c. 3.5 cm long, abruptly narrowed at base, limb 5-lobed, lobes ± equal, ovate, c. 1.5 cm long, patent. Stamens with oblong-sagittate, c. 4 mm long, puberulous anthers. Ovary oblong, c. 4 mm long, glabrous; style 2.3-2.5 cm long. Capsule oblong, 2.2-3 cm long, glabrous or scabrescent, 24-28-seeded, minutely beaked at tip. Seeds flattened, orbicular, c. 2 mm across, hairy.

Plant  decoction  antacid,  in  indigestion  and  stomachache; plant and roots decoction taken internally for urinary troubles. Leaf paste for eczema; leaf decoction drunk by pregnant women for cold in the body. Roots infusion for oliguria, heat,  fever,  influenza,  venereal  diseases,  constipation;  root decoction diuretic and aphrodisiac. A paste made of root and few peppers is taken to cure stomachache. Tuber poultice for
swelling, joint pain. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Purgative and causes perspiration [Women’s Knowledge of Herbs used in Reproduction in Trinidad and Tobago. Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]

Brazilians mix leaves with castor oil for skin eruptions blamed on teething, Cubans,  considering  roots  and  leaves  diuretic,  emetic,  and  purgative,  use  also  for malaria, peritonitis, pneumonia, and whooping cough.  Dominicans use macerated roots for leukorrhea and pelvic pain. Dominicans use the plant as analgesic, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and febrifuge, for cough, cystosis, fever, and pertussis. Guadelupans use as diuretic, taking 2 tsp–1.5 tbsp dry herb/half bottle Spanish wine for jaundice. Haitians use leaf, flower, and root as diuretic, in decoction. Peruvians suggest the infusion for bronchosis, flu, gonorrhea, headache, inflammation, leprosy, oliguria, pain, and wounds. Venezuelans  use  root  decoction  for  asthma,  blennorrhagia,  catarrh,  and  pulmonosis. [ Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America]

A decoction is given in chronic bronchitis; also used as a diuretic for the treatment of stones in the bladder. [Indian Medicinal Plants - Ayurveda]

Whole plant: To treat bladder diseases and frequent micturition; decoction with Petiveria alliacea is drunk to "clean out" uterine tract (dilation and curettage) or as an abortifacient. Root: Infusion for kidney diseases; in a syrup for whooping cough; infusion or decoction for a diabetes remedy; tubers in a tea used for cleansing the blood. Root and Leaf: In a tea used for alleviating retention of urine and to remedy weakness. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana)

Diuretic, antitoxic, abdominal pain, flu, hepatitis, high blood pressure, diabetes [Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants]

58 Published articles of Ruellia tuberosa

Eranthemum pulchellum, Gulsham, Neelambaram, Neelamulli

Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews
Family: Acanthaceae

Synonyms: Daedalacanthus nervosus (Vahl) T.Anderson, Daedalacanthus scaber T.Anderson, Daedalacanthus varians (Vent.) Voss, Eranthemum bicolor Schrank, Eranthemum edgeworthianum Nees, Eranthemum grandiflorum Zipp. ex Span., Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Eranthemum scabrum Wall. ex T.Anderson, Eranthemum varians Billb., Fittonia verschaffeltii var. pearsei G. Nicholson, Justicia bicolor Sims, Justicia gendarussa Blanco, Justicia nervosa Vahl, Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlk. ex Lindau, Pseuderanthemum pulchellum (Andrews) Merr., Ruellia varians Vent., Siphoneranthemum bicolor Kuntze, Upudalia pulchella (Andrews) Raf.

• Common name: Blue Sage, Blue eranthemum
• Chinese: 爱春花
• Finnish: Korukäpy
• French: Pensée créole
• Hindi: गुलशाम Gulsham
• Tamil: Neelamulli நீள முள்ளி
• Telugu: Neelambaramu నీలాంబరము

Description: Eranthemum pulchellum (Eranthemum nervosum, English: blue eranthemum, or blue sage) is a strongly branched shrub, popular with gardeners in tropical India and China because of the spikes of flowers that are bright gentian blue - an unusual color in the tropics. The flowers appear from green-and-white veined bracts that remain after the blooms fall, forming a column several inches long. The hairy leaves are large and dark green. A sprawling shrub which may reach a metre or more in height, E. pulchellum is usually kept lower and bushier through pruning. Light shade is preferred in a garden; in a greenhouse it needs warm conditions. It is easily propagated from cuttings. Eranthemum pulchellum is the only species in the genus Eranthemum.

Roots, stems and leaves decoction antimicrobial, antiseptic, used for wounds, ulcers. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Published article of Eranthemum pulchellum

Cosmos sulphureus, Yellow Cosmos, Sulphur Cosmos

Cosmos sulphureus Cav.
Family Compositae

• Common name: Yellow Cosmos, Sulphur Cosmos 
• Chinese: 硫華菊
• Finnish: Keltakosmos
• Japanese: キバナコスモス
• Korean: 노랑코스모스
• Malayalam: മാങ്ങാനാറി
• Persian: گل ستارهای
• Russian: kosmos želtyj, космос желтый
• Swedish: gullskära
• Thai: ดาวกระจาย
• Vietnamese: Cúc_vạn_thọ_tây_vàng

Synonyms: Bidens artemisiifolia (Jacq.) Kuntze, Bidens artemisiifolia f. grandiflora Kuntze, Bidens artemisiifolia subsp. intermedia Kuntze, Bidens artemisiifolia f. parviflora Kuntze, Bidens artemisiifolia f. rubra Kuntze, Bidens artemisiifolia var. rubra Kuntze, Bidens sulfurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip., Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip., Bidens sulphureus (Cav.) Sch.Bip., Coreopsis artemisiaefolia Jacq., Coreopsis artemisifolia Sessé & Moc., Coreopsis artemisiifolia Jacq., Cosmea sulphurea (Cav.) Willd., Cosmos artemisiifolius (Jacq.) M.R.Almeida, Cosmos aurantiacus Klatt, Cosmos sulphureus var. exaristatus Sherff, Cosmos sulphureus var. hirsuticaulis Sherff, Cosmos sulphureus f. sulphureus, Cosmos sulphureus var. sulphureus

Description: Plants 30–200 cm, glabrous or sparsely pilose to hispid. Leaves: petioles 1–7 cm; blades 5–12(–25) cm, ultimate lobes 2–5 mm wide, margins sparsely spinulose-ciliate, apices apiculate. Peduncles 10–20 cm. Calyculi of spreading-ascending, linear-subulate bractlets 5–7(–10) mm, apices acute; Involucres 6–10 mm diam. Phyllaries erect, oblong-lanceolate, 9–13(–18) mm, apices acute to rounded-obtuse. Ray corollas intensely yellow to red-orange, laminae obovate, 18–30 mm, apices ± truncate, denticulate. Disc corollas 6–7 mm. Cypselae 15–30 mm, usually hispidulous, rarely glabrous; pappi 0, or of 2–3 widely divergent awns 1–7 mm. 2n = 24, 48.

Antibacterial,  antifungal,  antiinflammatory,  for  gastric ulcer, liver inflammation, arthritis. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

43 Published articles of Cosmos sulphureus

Blepharis maderaspatensis, Dudhiya choti, Kooravaalchedi

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth
Family: Acanthaceae

Synonyms: Acanthus ciliaris Burm.f. , Acanthus maderaspatensis L. , Blepharis abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. , Blepharis boerhaviifolia Pers. , Blepharis boerhaviifolia Roth , Blepharis boerhaviifolia var. maderaspatensis (L.) Nees , Blepharis boerhaviifolia var. micrantha Sond. , Blepharis boerhaviifolia var. nigronervulosa De Wild. & T.Durand , Blepharis breviciliata Fiori , Blepharis calaminthifolia Pers. , Blepharis gueinzi T.Anderson , Blepharis maderaspatensis var. abyssinica Fiori , Blepharis maderaspatensis subsp. maderaspatensis , Blepharis maderaspatensis subsp. rubiifolia (Schumach.) Napper , Blepharis procumbens B.Heyne ex Roth , Blepharis procurrens Nees , Blepharis rubiifolia Schumach. , Blepharis teaguei Oberm. , Blepharis togodelia Solms ex Schweinf.

Common name: Creeping Blepharis
Hindi: दूधिया चोटी Dudhiya choti, Uttagana
Kannada: Kodali soppu
Malayalam: Murikootipacha, Elumbotti, Hemakandi
Tamil: Kooravaalchedi, Kooravaal Chedi, Kozhimookkan
Description: Prostrate herbs. Leaves ternate, unequal, 3-5 x 2 cm, obovate, apex apiculate, puberulus, margins distantly serrate; petiole to 3 cm. Flowers axillary; bracts 4 pairs, obovate, margins dentate with stiff elongated hairs, bracteoles 1.5 cm, spathulate; outer calyx lobes 1.3 cm and 1.8 cm, oblong, 2 and 3 veined, inner 8 mm; corolla tube urceolate, 5 mm, lower lip reduced, upper lip 3 lobed, 18 x 12 mm, white with pink nerves; filaments 4 and 5 mm, anthers 1-celled, apiculate, bearded; ovary 2.5 mm, oblong, style 1 cm, with a basal ring. 

Uses: Plant ash for dropsy, swellings, edema, gout; dry alcoholic extract  of  the  plant  a  potent  diuretic;  plant  parts  crushed mixed  with  sheep  milk  given  for  venereal  diseases.  Leaf juice in throat troubles and asthma; leaves ground with egg and onion and applied for bone fracture; leaf paste applied on wounds. Veterinary medicine, leaves ground with egg and onion and applied for bone fracture. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

10 Published articles of Blepharis maderaspatensis

Hygrophila polysperma, Indischer Wasserfreund, Гигрофила многосеменная

Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T.Anderson
Synonym: Justicia polysperma Roxb., Hemiadelphis polysperma (Roxb.) Nees
Family: Acanthaceae

Chinese: 小狮子草
Deutsch: Indischer Wasserfreund
Russian: Гигрофила многосеменная

21 Published articles of  Hygrophila polysperma

1.    ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT REGENERATION OF DWARF HYGRO (Hygrophila polysperma) UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS Karatas, Mehmet, Aasim, Muhammad
Cinar, Aysegul. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2014. 23(9): p. 2190-2194.
2.    Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explant of dwarf hygro (Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson) Karatas, Mehmet, Aasim, Muhammad, Cinar, Aysegul
Dogan, Muhammet. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2013. 2013: p. 680425-680425.
3.    High frequency plant regeneration of dwarf hygro ( Hygrophila polysperma Roxb. T. Anderson) on liquid culture Cinar, A. Karatas, M.
Aasim, M. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 2013. 7(3): p. 75-78.
4.    Phytoparasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of the aquatic weed Hygrophila polysperma Mukherjee, Abhishek Khan, Matiyar R. Crow, William T.
Cuda, James P. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 2012. 50: p. 84-91.
5.    Effect of simulated herbivory on growth of the invasive weed Hygrophila polysperma: Experimental and predictive approaches Mukherjee, Abhishek Jones, James W. Cuda, James P. Kiker, Gregory
Overholt, William A. Biological Control, 2012. 60(3): p. 271-279.
6.    Efficacy of 10 Broadcast Foliar-Applied Herbicide Treatments on Emergent Hygrophila (Hygrophila polysperma) Fast, Brandon J. Gray, C. J. Ferrell, Gray J. A.
MacDonald, E. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 2009. 47: p. 155-157.
7.    First record in the Mexican flora of Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae), an aquatic weed Mora-Olivo, Arturo Daniel, Thomas F. Martinez, Mahinda. Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, 2008. 79(1): p. 265-269.
8.    Occurrences of Hygrophila polyspernia (RoXB.) T. ANDERSON, Pontederia cordata in North Rhine-Westphalia Hussner, Andreas Josephs, Mathilde
Schmitz, Ulf. Floristische Rundbriefe, 2007. 40: p. 25-30.
9.    Interference competition between Ludwigia repens and Hygrophila polysperma: two morphologically similar aquatic plant species Doyle, R. D. Francis, M. D. Smart, R. M. Aquatic Botany, 2003. 77(3): p. 223-234.
10.    Is the aquatic weed hygrophila, Hygrophila polysperma (Polemoniales: Acanthaceae), a suitable target for classical biological control? Cuda, J. P. Sutton, D. L. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Bozeman, Montana, USA, 4-14 July, 1999, 2000: p. 337-348.
11.    First records of the aquatic weed Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae) from Texas Angerstein, Michelle B.
Lemke, David E. SIDA Contributions to Botany, 1994. 16(2): p. 365-371.
12.    The effects of stress and disturbance on proximate composition, allocation of production, photosynthesis, respiration, and chlorophyll levels in Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) Anders. (Acanthaceae) Kovach, Charles W. Kurdziel, Josepha P. Bowman, Reed Wagner, James
Lawrence, John M. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1992. 32(4): p. 479-486.
13.    THE EFFECTS OF STRESS AND DISTURBANCE ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, ALLOCATION OF PRODUCTION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND CHLOROPHYLL LEVELS IN HYGROPHILA-POLYSPERMA (ROXB) ANDERS (ACANTHACEAE) Kovach, C. W.
Kurdziel, J. P. Bowman, R. Wagner, J.
Lawrence, J. M. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1992. 32(4): p. 479-486.
14.    PLASTICITY IN MORPHOLOGY, PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, AND ENERGY CONTENT OF HYGROPHILA-POLYSPERMA (ROXB) ANDERS Botts, P. S.
Lawrence, J. M. Witz, B. W. Kovach, C. W. Aquatic Botany, 1990. 36(2): p. 207-214.
15.    ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CELLS IN AERIAL AND SUBMERGED LEAVES OF HYDROPHILA-POLYSPERMA ACANTHACEAE Kravkina, I. M.
Miroslavov, E. A. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (St. Petersburg), 1986. 71(7): p. 881-886.
16.    HYGROPHILA-POLYSPERMA ACANTHACEAE IN FLORIDA USA Les, D. H.
Wunderlin, R. P. Florida Scientist, 1981. 44(3): p. 189-192.
17.    RHEOLOGY OF DISPERSION SYSTEMS CONTAINING HEMIADELPHIS-POLYSPERMUS HYGROPHILA-POLYSPERMA SEED MUCILAGE PART 1 EFFECT OF STIRRING STORAGE AND MATERIALS IN SUSPENSION Baveja, S. K.
Kaur, S. Indian Journal of Pharmacy, 1974. 36(6): p. 168-168.
18.    HYGROPHILA-POLYSPERMA-D A HARD PLANT Zimpel, H. Monatsschrift fuer Ornithologie und Vivarienkunde Ausgabe B Aquarien Terrarien, 1972. 19(3): p. 99-99.
19.    Contribution to our knowledge of the physiological anatomy of some Indian hydrophytes. VIII. The stem of Hygrophila polysperma T. Anders Mirashi, M. V. Proc Indian Acad Sci Sect B, 1958. 47((2)): p. 97-101.
20.    THE OCCURRENCE AND ONTOGENY OF HYDATHODES IN HYGROPHILA-POLYSPERMA T ANDERS Reams, W. M. New Phytologist, 1953. 52(1): p. 8-13.

Swietenia mahagoni, Caoba, Mahoni

Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.
Family: Meliaceae

Chinese: 桃花心木
Finnish: Karibianaitomahonki
French: Mahogani de Saint-Domingue
Indinesian: Mahoni
Malayalam: ചെറിയ മഹാഗണി
Persian: درخت ماهون
Spanish: Caoba
Tamil:  Ciminukku
Vietnamese: Dái_ngựa_(cây)

Description: Trees to 25 m tall; trunk to 4 m across; bark deeply fissured. Leaves alternate, to 18 cm long; leaflets ca 5 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, falcate, oblique at base, entire at margin, acuminate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous above, puberulous beneath; petioles to 3 cm long; petiolules 5-6 mm long. Panicles to 10 cm long; peduncles to 4 cm long. Flowers ca 7 mm across. Calyx lobes 5, ovate, ca 2 mm long, pubescent. Petals 5, obovate, hooded, ca 5 x 2 mm, spreading, pubescent outside, cream-yellow. Staminal tube cupular, ca 3 mm long, glabrous, 10-lobed; anthers 10, included, alternating with lobes. Ovary 5-loculed; style narrow, tapering, to 2 mm long. Capsules oblong, ca 7 x 5.5 cm; seeds ca 6 x 1.5 cm, winged.

Seed powder antidiabetic; paste from the seeds applied for leucorrhea.  Bark  aphrodisiac,  bitter,  astringent,  febrifuge, antiseptic; a decoction applied to wounds. Drinking a large quantity of the boiled bark decoction is said to induce hemorrhage and thus abortion. Magic, love potion, the leafy twig. [CRC World Dictionary of  Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Argentinians take sweetened bark tea as febrifuge and orexigenic. Bahamans take bark or root infusion as tonic. 
Caicos Islanders take bark or root infusion, with wood ofZanthoxylum, for gonorrhea. Cubans apply juice from young shoots to stop bleeding and heal wounds. Cubans take the astringent bark decoction for catarrh, convulsions, and tetanus. Haitians apply bark infusion topically as antiseptic and astringent, taking the bark and leaf tea for diarrhea, dysentery, and hemorrhage, and large doses of bark decoction as abortifacient, smaller doses for toothache. Haitians steep bark in rum 3–4 days as aphrodisiac tonic. Haitians take leaf decoction with salt for nervous disorders.
Haitians take seed tea for chest pain. Haitians use alcoholic bark, leaf, and root maceration for malaria, the alcoholic bark tincture for anemia, anorexia, and debility. Haitians use aqueous bark maceration or decoction, with or without salt, for amenorrhea, anemia, diarrhea, dysentery, and fever Jamaicans take the bark decoction for diarrhea and fever . [Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal Plants  of Latin America]

USES:  Stem: Decoction of bark used to dress wounds from firearms. Bark is astringent, antiseptic
and febrifuge. Bark infusion for dysentery.  [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

121 Published articles of Swietenia mahagoni

Arachis hypogaea, Groundnut, Peanut

Arachis hypogaea L.
Family: Leguminosae

Vernacular names: Afrikaans : Apeneutjie, Grondboontjie;   Arabic : Fûl Sûdânî;   Aragonese : Cascagüet;   Aymara : Chuqupa;   Azeri : Araxis;   Bolivia : Chikopa ( Aymara );   Bosnian : Kikiriki;   Brazil :  Amendoim,  Amendoim  Verdadeiro,  Aráquida,  Jinguba,  Mancarra,  Mendoim,  Mendubi, Mondubim, Mudubim ( Portuguese );   Catalan : Cacauet;   Chinese :  Chang  Sheng  Guo,  Fan  Dou,  Hua  Sheng, Luo Hua Sheng;   Czech : Podzemnice Olejná;   Danish : Jordnød, Jordnødder, Jordnoedder;Dutch : Aardnoot, Grondnoot, Pindaplant;   Eastonian : Harilik Maapähkel;   Ecuador : Zaruma ( Spanish );   Esperanto : Ternukso;   Fiji : Pinati ( Fijian ), Maungafali ( Indian );   Finnish : Maapähkinä;   French :  Arachide,  Arachide  Du  Cayor,  Cacahuète,  Cacahouète,  Pistache  De  Terre,  Pistachier De Terre, Rufi sque;   Galician : Cacahuete;   German : Erdnuß, Echte Erdnuss, Erdmandel;   Greek : Arahida, Arapico Fistiki;   Hungarian : Amerikaimogyoró, Földimogyoró;   Icelandic : Jarðhnetur;   India :  China  Badam  ( Bengali ),  Bhoising  ( Gujarati ), Moong Phali, Muungaphalii ( Hindu ),  Kadale  Kayi  ( Kannada ),  Moong  Phalli  ( Kashmiri ),  Nellakkadalai,  Nilakkadalai  ( Malayalam ), Bhui Mug ( Marathi ), China Badam  ( Oriya ),  Moong  Phalli  ( Punjabi ),  Nilakkadalai,  Verkaddalai,  ( Tamil ),  Verusanaga, buddalu, pallilu [Telugu] Mugphalii  ( Urdu );   Italian : Arachide, Mandorla Di Terra, Nocciolina,  Pistacchio Di Terra;   Indonesia :  Kacang  Jawa,  Kacang  Manila,  Kacang Tanah;   Khmer : Sanndaek Dei;   Japanese :  Nankinmame,  Piinatsu,  Piinattsu,  Rakkasei;   Korean : Ttang Kong;   Laotian : Thwax Din, Thwax Ho;   Lithuanian : Valgomasis Arachis;   Luxembourgish : Kakuett;   Malaysia : Kacang Goreng, Kacang Jawa, Kacang  Tanah;   Mexico : Cacahueta;   Nahuatl : Tlālcacahuatl;   Nepal : Badam, Mungphalii;   Norwegian : Peanøtt, Jordnøtt;   Pakistan : Mung Phali;   Papua  New  Guinea :  Galip  Bilong  Giraun,  Kasang;   Paraguay : Manduvi ( Guarani );   Peru : Inchik, Inchis ( Quechua );   Philipines :  Batung–China  ( Sulu ),  Mani  ( Tagalog );   Polish : Orzech Ziemny, Orzacha Podziemna;   Portuguese : Amendoim, Caranga, Mandobi;   Russian : Arakhis;   Senegal :  Mankoli  ( Badyara ),  Mangara,  Su  U,  Slovašcina : Arašid, Kikiriki;   Spanish :  Alcagüeses,  Aráquido,  Avellana  Americana,  Cacahuate,  Huasquillo,  Mandovi,  Maní, Manî, Pistacho De Tierra;   Swahili : Mjugu Nyasa, Mnjugu Nyasa;   Swedish : Jordnöt;   Thai : Thùa Lísong;   Tongan : Pīnati;   Turkish : Yer Fıstığı;   Vietnamese : Lac, Dâu Phong.
 Moongphali (Unani)

An important oilseed crop in India.

Plant emollient and demulcent, used to relieve cough. Leaf macerations drunk as a diuretic; leaf infusions drunk against female infertility and as eye drops to treat cataract. Pod extracts taken as a galactagogue,  and  as  eye  drops  to  treat  conjunctivis.  Seedlings and pod extract aphrodisiac, tonic. [CRC World Dictionary of  Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

There is a haemostatic principle in the peanut flour, which is said to improve the condition of haemophiliacs. The protease inhibitor acts on the fibrinolytic system, primarily as an antiplasmin. It is reported to form complexes not only with the enzymes, but also with the corresponding zymogens. The peanut (red) skin contains bioflavonoids, which possess vitamin P activity; tannins; a lipoxidase and a protease inhibitor. Capric acid, obtained from the (red) skin, showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

In French Guiana, an oily emulsion of the seed is used to remedy inflammatory colic; hot peanut oil is applied in a compress to dislocations, sometimes when mixed with rum. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

125 Pharmacology related published articles of Arachis hypogaea

Ruellia patula, Dipteracanthus patulus

Ruellia patula Jacq.
Synonyms: Dipteracanthus erectus Nees,Dipteracanthus matutinus C.Presl , Dipteracanthus ocymoides C.Presl, Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees, Petalidium patulum (Jacq.) Dalzell & A.Gibson
Family: Acanthaceae

Arabic: فول, وزر
Some vernacular names in India:  cilantanceti,  cilantinayakam,  cukkulam,  cuntuilicceti,  cuntumam,  cuntuyili,  icaimuti,  kakapicam,  kakapikanayacceti,  kattunayakacceti,  kattunayakam,  kiranti, kiranti  nayakam,  kirantinayakan,  kirantinayan,  kirantippuntu,  nittinaviral,  nittinaviralkurittan,  punkiranti,  punkiranticceti,  putakilam,  putakilanceti,  turuputpam,  nayakam, upu-dali, vaikkirantitacceti, vaikkirantitam

Description: An erect, hoary pubescent, up to 50 cm tall, basally woody, much branched shrublet with ± quadrangular twigs. Leaves on 4-10 (-20) mm long petioles; lamina elliptic-ovate, rarely obovate, (1.2-) 1.5-5 (-6) x 1-3 (-4.5) cm, densely pubescent on both sides, entire, basally rounded, obtuse or subacute. Flowers pale-white, sessile, 3-4 cm long, usually solitary axillary, rarely 2-3 in cymes; bracteoles leafy, elliptic-spathulate or ovate, 8-10 mm x 6-7 mm, obtuse, petiolate. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, (3-) 4-5 (-6) mm long, ciliate, ± equal, acute. Corolla tube up to 3 cm long, infundibuliform, limb lobes suborbicular, 8-10 mm long, obtuse. Staminal filaments glabrous, anthers oblong, c. 2 mm long. Ovary glabrous, c. 2 mm long; style filiform, 2-3 cm long, hairy. Capsule elliptic-clavate, 1.4-1.8 cm long, glabrous, 8-10-seeded. Seeds flat, ± orbicular, c. 3 mm across.

10 Published articles of Ruellia patula

Andrographis echioides, Gopuram tangi, Pitumba

Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees
Family: Acanthaceae
Common name: False Water willow
Gujarati: Kalukariyatun
Malayalam: Pitumba
Marathi: Ranchimani
Oriya: lavalata
Tamil: Gopuram tangi

Description: Erect herbs, 10-50 cm high. Whole plant villous. Leaves opposite decussate, 3-5 x 0.6-1.8 cm, elliptic oblong, obtuse to round at apex, attenuate at base. Inflorescence axillary, short unilateral racemes, simple or 1-2 branched, as long as or shorter than leaves. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes 0.8-1 cm long, linear. Corolla tube 0.8-1 cm long, white, 2-lipped; lip with violet blotches; upper lip 2-lobed, 0.6-0.8 cm long, lower c. 0.8 cm long, 3-lobed. Stamens 2; filaments broad, hairy at base; anthers 2-celled. Style slender; stigma 2-fid. Capsules 0.8-1.2 cm long, 0.25-0.3 cm wide, compressed, broadened towards tip, attenuate at base, sparsely hairy towards tip. Seeds 0.15-0.2 cm across, black, pitted without; retinacula spiny.

Used  in  Sidha.  Whole  plant  pounded  in  mustard  oil  and paste  applied  on  snakebite,  also  whole  plant  dried  and powdered, mixed with water and drunk; whole plant decoction  in  fever,  dysentery,  stomachache  and  liver  disorders. Leaves  juice  used  as  a  febrifuge,  cathartic,  anthelmintic,  laxative,  alterative,  stomachic,  antimalarial;  leaf  paste applied  to  cure  headache;  leaves  decoction  given  in  fever and jaundice, against intestinal worms and for constipation.  Properties and uses of this plant considered similar to those of Andrographis paniculata. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

22 Published articles of Andrographis echioides

Justicia carnea, Jacobinia, Brazilian plume

Justicia carnea Lindl.
Family: Acanthaceae

Common name: Pink Jacobinia, Brazilian plume, king's crown, plume flower 
Finnish: Isojaakonkukka
Swedish: Praktjakobinia

Chinese: 珊瑚花
Malay: Tarum dayak

Crushed  leaves  applied  on  abdomen  for  stomachache  in children [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

3 Published articles of Justicia carnea Lindl.

Pterospermum acerifolium, Muchukund, Dinnerplate Tree

Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd.
Family: Sterculiaceae

• Common name: Maple-leaved Bayur tree, Dinnerplate Tree
• Assamese: Moragos
• Bengali: মুচুকুন্দ Muskanda
• Chinese: 翅子树
• Hindi: Kanak Champa कनक चम्पा, Muchkund मचकुंद, परिव्याध Parivyadh, पद्म पुष्प Padma Pushp 
• Malayalam: ചെറുകൊന്ന Cerukonna, മലഞുടലി Malanjutali
• Manipuri: Kwakla
• Marathi: कर्णिकार Karnikar
• Oriya: Mushukundo, ମୁଚୁକୁନ୍ଦ
• Sanskrit: कर्णिकार Karnikar, मुचुकुन्द Muchukund
• Tamil: வெண்ணங்கு Vennangu
• Telugu: Matsakanda
• Urdu:  Gul-e-Muchkun

Description: A large tree, up to 30 m tall, with grey bark and rusty pubescent young parts. Leaves oblong, broadly obovate to ovate, orbicular or rectangular, 10-40 cm long, 8-35 cm broad, cordate, often peltate, margin wavy to distantly coarse toothed or irregularly lobed; silvery to rusty pubescent beneath, glabrescent and dark green above; petiole 5-15 cm long, densely tomentose at the base; stipules pinnatifid, caducous. Flowers mostly solitary, 10-15 cm long and across, white, fragrant; pedicel c. 2 cm long; bracts laciniate. Sepals linear-lanceolate, united at the base into short tube, 8-12 cm long, c. 1 cm broad, obtuse, rusty pubescent outside, thick, reflexed, deciduous. Petals linear-oblong or obovate, 6-12 cm long, c. 1 cm broad, reflexed, obtuse. Fertile stamens 5-9 cm long, staminodes equalling the petals; anthers 1-1.5 cm long. Carpels 5; ovary oblong, pentagonal, 5-loculed, densely rusty tomentose. Capsule 5-10 cm long, 5-valved, rusty brown-glabrescent. Seeds compressed, obliquely oval, wings brown, membranous.  

Flower—anti-inflammatory, styptic (used for bleeding piles, haematuria, ulcers). Charred flowers and bark, mixed with the powder of Mallotus philippinensis, are applied to smallpox eruptions. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Bark useful in intestinal complaints, anemia, headache and  pains. Bark and leaves used in smallpox. The indumentum  from the lower side of leaf is said to be used to prevent bleeding from wounds; leaf paste applied on headache. Flowers  and bark charred and mixed with kamala (Mallotus philippensis) applied on suppurating smallpox. A tonic from the  flowers a cure for inflammation, ulcers, tumours, headache,  abdominal pain, indigestion, dehydration, blood troubles and  leprosy; calyx made into a paste and applied on glandular  swellings around neck. The flowers kept among cloths impart  a pleasant perfume and keep away insects. Roots juice given  as antidote in poisoning; roots applied as a paste on wounds. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

52 Published articles of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ratnagandhi, Peacock Flower

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz
Family: Caesalpiniaceae

• Common Name: Peacock Flower
• Bengali: ক্রিশ্নচূড়া Krishnachura, রাধাচূড়া Radhachur
• Chinese: 红蝴蝶
• Dutch: Pauwenbloem
• Finnish: Riikinkukkokesalpina
• German: Pfauenstrauch
• Hindi: गुले तूरा guletura, कृष्ण चूरा Krishna-chura, कृष्ण चरण Krishna-charan
• Indonesian: Kembang merak
• Kannada: Kenjige, ರತ್ನಗಮ್ಧಿ Ratnagamdhi
• Malayalam: Settimandaram, രാജമല്ലി
• Manipuri: ক্রিশ্নচূরা Krishnachura
• Marathi: शंखासुर Shankhasur
• Oriya: Krishnochuda
• Sanskrit: Sidhakya, कृष्णचूडा Krishnachuda, रत्नगन्धि Ratnagandhi
• Tamil: Mayurkonrai, மயில் கொன்றை Mayil konrai
• Telugu: రత్నగంధీ Ratnagandhi
• Thai: หางนกยูงไทย
• Urdu: Gul-e-turra
• Vietnamese: Kim phượng

Description: Shrub, nearly 2 m in height, branches sometimes slightly prickly. Leaves bipinnate, 10-45 cm long, pinnae 4-12 pairs, opposite, c. 7.5 cm long. Leaflets 1.2-1.3 cm long, 3-7 mm broad. Flowers in erect terminal raceme, variously orange yellow and red coloured, often claw red, centre of limb crimson, red or golden red. Filaments very long, bright red. Pod 5-7.5 cm long c. 1.7 cm broad, straight.

Used in Ayurveda and Sidha. Toxins. Bark juice abortifacient  and  febrifuge,  tonic,  stimulant.  Roots  abortifacient, emmenagogue,  used  for  infantile  convulsions;  root  juice given  to  treat  peptic  ulcer.  Flowers  for  intestinal  worms, coughs  and  chronic  catarrh.  Fruits  and  leaves  febrifuge, astringent.  Leaves  emmenagogue,  purgative,  antifungal, abortifacient,  to  relieve  constipation;  leaf  paste  applied  to treat  boils,  pimples  and  ringworm.  Seed  paste  applied  on infected teeth and ringworm; fresh seeds decoction used for inflamed gums. [CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants]

Leaves—laxative, antipyretic. Used in Eastern India as a substitute for senna. Dried and powdered leaves are used in erysipelas. Flowers—anthelmintic. Also used for cough and catarrh. Root—a decoction is prescribed in intermittent fevers. Bark—emmenagogue, abortifacient.[Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

Influenza and vaccinia virus, also anti Gram-negative bacteria and Candida sp. [Medicinal plants in tropical West  Africa]

Root: Bitter, toxic, astringent; for diarrhoea. Leaf and Flower: Infusion is diuretic. Leaf, Flower and Seed: For stomach, urinany bladder and kidney problems. Leaf and Seed: Infusion is drunk by the Djuka to induce quick, uncomplicated abortion in early pregnancy. Leaf: Infusion is drunk for kidney stones, and to accelerate childbirth. For a febrifuge, tonic, excitant, emmenagogue, and possibly an abortive at a certain dosage. Leaves of the yellow-flowered form, f. flava (Bailey &  Rehder) DeFilipps, Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas 85 (1992), are used in Surinam for  stomachache.  Flower:  Febrifuge;  infusion  drunk  as  a  tea  for  gall  bladder  problems  in  Surinam.  Fresh flowers are sudorific. Those of the red-flowered form (f. pulcherrima) are used in Surinam for urinary tract problems. Seed: Pectoral. [Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana) ]

118 Published articles of Caesalpinia pulcherrima